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Microfilter
Microfilter
SPECIFICATION SHEET
IDENTIFICATION
Name of Equipment Microfilter
Equipment Code K-2
Number of Elements 8
Number of tubes per element 93
Function To remove the wet solids from the mixture
Operation Continuous
Type Tubular Microfiltration Membrane
Material Handled Fermentation Broth
OPERATING CONDITION
Pressure Drop 124.07 kPa
Temperature 35C
Filtrate Flow 0.88 m3/h
Permeate Flux 76.3 L/m2-hr
Time of filtration 1.26 h
Total Cycle time 3h
MEMBRANE DESIGN
Filter Membrane Used Polyethersulfone
Area of membrane/per module 0.1247 m2
Pore Size 0.1 micron
Diameter 0.05 m
Length 1m
Operating Mode Cross flow Filtration
HOUSING DESIGN
Materials of Construction Stainless steel 316
Area 11.53 m2
ILLUSTRATION FOR MICROFILTER (K-2):
ASSUMPTIONS:
Solid Diameter
(ave)
Crude Fiber 10
Aspergillus Niger 2.75
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae 5
Leucine 9
Starch 9.5
Crude Lipid 8
Ash 0.35
Nutrients 10
(Reference: Particle Size Distribution of Aspergillus Fumigatus spores
emitted from compost using membrane filtration, Compared Size and
Structure of plant particles, National Corn-to-Ethanol Research Center
Laboratory Research Division)
List of Equations:
( 2 +2 )
1. = (Ref: Unit Ops Brown; Eq. 205, 208; p.245)
2 ( )
Where:
2. = (Ref: Unit Ops Brown; Eq. 192; p.243)
2[ (1)(1)]
Where:
=
2
3. = (Ref: Unit Ops Brown; p.242)
32
Where:
= gravitational constant
= friction factor
4. = + () (Ref: Coulson and Richradson)
()( )
Where:
t= time of filtration, s
V= volume of filtrate, m3
Cb= bulk concentration of particles in the feed (particle volume/feed volume), m3 /m3
1 1 2
5. = 180 ( 3 ) ( ) (Ref: Equation 8.5, Coulson and Richardson)
= , Ns/m2
3
( )
6. = 3
( 2 )
(Ref: Membrane Filtration Handbook, Table 37 Necessary Steps for Designing a System,
pg.117)
8. Permeability
Where:
= gravitational constant, 1
2
= diameter of the particle, for mesh 200 opening of 0.074 mm 7.4 105
= friction factor
Therefore, = 1,
Selection of Membrane:
It is suitable to use Polysulfone (PSO) due to its high resistance with
polysaccharides and alcohol. This membrane is also resistant to pH ranges.
Feed:
Fermentation Broth
kg % Density
(kg/m3)
Isoamyl Alcohol 59115.3196 0.2886 810
Crude Fiber 46590.0000 0.2275 1500
Ethanol 29579.4606 0.1444 789
Biomass 17509.2169 0.0855 995
Water 19404.0573 0.0947 1000
Leucine 15497.7518 0.0757 1293
Starch 3555.9300 0.0174 1,500
Crude Lipid 2505.0000 0.0122 884
Ash 1335.0000 0.0065 810
Isobutanol 896.6274 0.0044 802
nutrients 8831.6814 0.0431 1000
Total 204820.0450 1.0000
Retentate/Wet cake:
Wet Solids
kg/day % Density
Crude Fiber 46590.0000 0.3961 1500
Filtrate/ Permeate:
Filtered Liquid
kg Density Volume Viscosity
(kg/m3) (m3) @35 C (cSt)
Isoamyl Alcohol 47292.2557 810 58.3855 3.3317
Ethanol 23663.5685 789 29.9918 1.3878
Water 15523.2459 1000 15.5232 1.00
Isobutanol 717.3019 802 0.8944 3.0401
Total 87196.3720 104.7949
= +
()( ) ()
Where:
t= time of filtration, s
V= volume of filtrate, m3
Cb= bulk concentration of particles in the feed (particle volume/feed volume), m3 /m3
1 1 2
= 180 ( 3 ) ( ) Eq 8.5
e= porosity of the cake
= , Ns/m2
4.2719 3 3.1803 3
=
3.1803 3
= 0.3432
2
1 0.3432 1
= 180 ( ) ( )
0.34323 1
6.825 6
10
= .
=
3.1803 3
= = 0.3682
8.6384 3
x=V
=
0.1
2500000
2000000
1500000
t/V
1000000
y = 1E+07x + 487944
R = 0.8831
500000
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
V
= 2
+
2()( ) ()
=
2()(1107 )
0.3682(6.27851013 )(1.6688103 )
=
2(124,071.4286)(1107 )
= . (0.1208 = . )
= +
2()( )2 ()
2 1 2.123 106 1.44 106
= = = = , , .
2()( )2 2 1 0.1695 0.1
= 9,827,338.129 +
=
2[ (1 )(1 ) ]
2
=
32
FRe=48
=2,600
K= 2.628x10-14
1.67103 (1122.4179)(0.4678)
=
2(2.6281014 )[1122.245(1 0.4678)(1 0.3432) (1122.4179)(0.4678)(0.3432)]
= 7863.6767
( 2 )
=
2 ( )
7863.6767(0.55602 )
=
(0.1247)2 (124,071.4286)
= .
Total Cycle Time
(Ref: http://www.lenntech.com/membrane-
cleaning.htm)
Area of element:
Membrane Filtration Handbook, Table 37 Necessary Steps for Designing a System, pg.117
3
( )
=
3
( )
2
Where:
3
v = Permeate flux ( )
2
= 45 GFD (Ref: typical operating flux for saccharides membrane, Membrane Filtration by
Synder)
m3
= 0.0763 ( )
m2 hr
3
0.88 (
)
=
3
0.0763 ( 2 )
= .
No. of tubes per element:
. =
11.53 2
. =
0.1247 2
. = . =
8.6384 3 /
. =
1.1 3 /
. = . =
Design of tube:
2 r =W
L= 1.398 m L= 1.398 m
A= 0.1247 2 = L x W
For 1.1 m3/h Feed flow rate:
= 1.8" (Reference: Membrane Elements by Synder Filtratio)
A= 0.1247 2 = L x 2(D/2)
L=0.8680 m
D=0.0457 m
W=0.1437 m