Chapters 1-5 Midterm Reviewer

Quality Management Reviewer
CHAPTERS 1-5
Important Terms
1. Which one of these definitions is the modern definition of quality?
a. Quality is fitness for use.
b. Quality is inversely proportional to variability.
c. Quality is Price
d. Quality is Cost
2. The ________________is a strategic activity, and it is just as vital to an organizations long-term business success.
a. Quality Planning
b. Strategic Planning
c. Quality Assurance
d. Quality Control and Improvement
3. The ________________ is a strategy for implementing and managing quality improvement activities on an
organization-wide basis.
a. Quality Management Systems (QMS)
b. Quality Control and Improvement
c. Total Quality Management (TQM)
d. Quality Assurance
4. The ________________ often represents a significant component of the total value of the organizations products or
services.
a.
5. _________________ is usually associated with Six Sigma, but it can be used with any business or process improvement
effort.
a. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
b. Pareto Analysis
c. DMAIC Approach
d. Lean Systems
6. Which of the following is the definition of Quality Improvement?
a. Elimination of waste in processes and products
b. Reduction of variability in processes and products
c. Design predictive quality into the products
d. A disciplined and analytical approach to process and product improvement.
7. _____________________ are continuous measurements such as length, voltage or viscosity.
a. Sensory quality characteristics
b. Time-oriented quality characteristics
c. Variables data
d. Attributes data
8. ___________________ is extremely helpful in discovering the key variables influencing the quality characteristics of
interest in the process.
a. Designed experiments (DOX)
b. Statistical Process Control (SPC) charts
c. Acceptance sampling
d. Scatter plots
Essay Writing
1. What is SPC? List four of its seven major tools.
Ans: SPC (Statistical Process Control) is a statistical method used for measuring and controlling quality during
manufacturing process.
Tools: 1. Histogram
2. Pareto chart
3. Cause-and-Effect diagram
4. Control chart
2. Draw four of the five operation process chart symbols with their names.
3. You will be given a control chart, then does that control chart pattern appear random?
This is a nonrandom sample

chart. There are only 6 out of 25
points above the center line,
meaning, they are concentrated
between CL and LCL. Random
when spread evenly below and
above CL. Or there must be no
point outside control limits. Or
one point is below or above CL.
4. What are the warning limits on a control chart? How can they be used?
Warning limits on control charts are limits that are inside the control limits. When warning limits are used,
control limits are referred to as action limits.Warning limits, say at 2-sigma, can be used to increase chart sensitivity
and to signal process changes more quickly than the 3-sigma action limits. Western Electric Rule, which addresses this
type of shift is to consider a process t be out of control if 2 out of 3 plot points are between 2 sigma and 3 sigma of
the chart centerline.
5. Discuss the rational subgroup concept. What part does it play in control chart analysis?
The rational subgroup concept is used to maximize the chances of detecting variation between subgroups.
Subgroup samples can be structured to identify process shifts. If it is expected that a process will shift and stay at the
new level until a corrective action, then sampling consecutive (or nearly) units maximizes the variability between
subgroups and minimizes variability within a subgroup. This maximizes the probability of detecting a shift.
6. If the time order of production has not been recorded in a set of data from a process, is it possible to detect the
presence of assignable causes?
No. If time order of the data is not preserved, it will be impossible to separate the presence of assignable
causes from underlying process variability.
7. What information is provided by the operating characteristic curve of a control chart?
An operating characteristic curve for a control chart illustrates the tradeoffs between sample size n and the
process shift that is to be detected. Generally, larger sample sizes are needed to increase the probability of detecting
small changes to the process. If a large shift is to be detected, then smaller sample sizes can be used.
8. Is the average run length performance of a control chart a more meaningful measure of performance than the
type I and type II error probabilities? What information does ARL convey that the statistical error probabilities do not?
Type I and Type II error probabilities contain information on statistical performance; an ARL results from their
selection. ARL is more meaningful in the sense of the operations information that is conveyed and could be
considered a measure of the process performance of the sampling plan.
9. Consider the control chart given below. Does the pattern appear random?

Chapters 1-5 Midterm Reviewer

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Quality Management Reviewer

This is a nonrandom sample

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