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    Akhmad Muhajir
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    The document discusses the history of research on visual attention from the 19th century to present. It describes how early psychologists proposed that attention plays an important role in perception by binding simple visual features into objects. More recent experiments have investigated how attention affects perceptual processes. There has been growing interest in the mechanisms of visual attention and how it modulates spatial and temporal sensitivity and influences stimulus selection and neuronal responses. A number of behavioral studies provide evidence that selection can occur at early stages of visual processing to accomplish tasks, though selection may not be perfect.

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    visual attention - neuroscience

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    The document discusses the history of research on visual attention from the 19th century to present. It describes how early psychologists proposed that attention plays an important role in perception by binding simple visual features into objects. More recent experiments have investigated how attention affects perceptual processes. There has been growing interest in the mechanisms of visual attention and how it modulates spatial and temporal sensitivity and influences stimulus selection and neuronal responses. A number of behavioral studies provide evidence that selection can occur at early stages of visual processing to accomplish tasks, though selection may not be perfect.

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    22 views2 pages

    Vision Research 44

    Uploaded by

    Akhmad Muhajir
    The document discusses the history of research on visual attention from the 19th century to present. It describes how early psychologists proposed that attention plays an important role in perception by binding simple visual features into objects. More recent experiments have investigated how attention affects perceptual processes. There has been growing interest in the mechanisms of visual attention and how it modulates spatial and temporal sensitivity and influences stimulus selection and neuronal responses. A number of behavioral studies provide evidence that selection can occur at early stages of visual processing to accomplish tasks, though selection may not be perfect.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    VisionResearch44(2004)11891191

    Editorial:Visualattention
    formorethanacentury,psychologistsandphysiologistssuchasWilliamJames,
    WilhelmWundt,JohannesMullerandHermannvonHelmholtzhaveproposedthat
    attentionplaysanimportantroleinperception:itisnecessaryforeffortfulvisual
    processing,andmaybethegluethatbindssimplevisualfeaturesintoanobject.In
    morerecenttimes,manypsychologists,includingUlricNeisser,AnneTreismanand
    MichaelPosner,havedevelopedexperimentalparadigmstoinvestigatewhatattention
    doesandwhatperceptualprocessesitaffects.Overthepastfewyears,therehasbeen
    agrowinginterestinthemechanismsofvisualattention:howvisualattention
    modulatesthespatialandtemporalsensitivityofearlyfilters;howattentioninfluences
    theselectionofstimuliofinterest;howandwheretheneuronalresponsesare
    modulated;howattentionandeyemovementsinteract.

    Selama lebih dari satu abad, psikolog dan fisiolog seperti William
    James, Wilhelm Wundt, Johannes Mueller dan Hermann von
    Helmholtz telah mengusulkan bahwa perhatian(attention)
    memainkan peran penting dalam persepsi : ini penting untuk usaha
    pemrosesan visual, dan hal ini yang menyatukan beberapa fitur visual
    sederhana ke bentuk sebuah objek. Pada masa sebelumnya, beberapa
    psikolog termasuk termasuk Ulric Neisser, Anne Treisman dan
    Michael Posner telah mengembangkan paradigma eksperimental
    untuk menyelidiki apakah yang dimaksud attention dan proses
    persepsi apa yang dimengaruhinya. Selama beberapa tahun terakhir,
    banyak peneliti yang menaruh minat pada visual attention :
    bagaimana visual attention memodulasi sensitivitas spasial dan
    temporal pada filter awal, bagaimana attention mempengaruhi
    proses seleksi stimulus yang diminati, dimana dan bagaimana respon
    neuronal dimodulasi, bagaimana attention dan gerakan mata
    berinterasi
    Eckstein et al. report classification image studies showing that
    humans successfully select the stimulus at relevant locations and
    ignore information at irrelevant locations with both a 100% valid
    location cue and 100% invalid location cues. Solomon shows that an
    uninformative cue may improve sensitivity at the cued location and
    that simultaneous cues can improve sensitivity at several locations.
    Other visual search studies also illus- trate that the visual system is
    able to select cued loca- tions in the presence of noise. Verghese and
    McKee find that in the absence of a location cue, the observer
    monitors early detectors at all locations that are well matched to the
    target attributes. Baldassi and Burr show that when visual search
    occurs at detection threshold, the filter selection process is somewhat
    coarse, and observers tend to monitor many irrelevant detectors.
    More complicated strategies are required when the stimulus identity
    is not known, but is defined as the odd- man out. Santhi and Reeves
    report that the decrement in performance for feature search (known
    attribute) with increasing set size is explained by standard signal
    detection theory (SDT), but that the improvement in performance for
    oddity search (unknown attribute) with increasing distractors
    requires a modification to stan- dard SDT. This set of behavioural
    studies provides evidence that, although selection may not be perfect,
    it can occur at early stages of visual processing in order to accomplish
    specific tasks.

    ------------------------------------------

    eckstein et al. melaporkan hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa


    manusia berhasil menyeleksi stimulus yang relevan dan mengabaikan
    stimulus yang tidak relevan dengan hasil keduanya 100% valid.

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