Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Vision Research 44
Vision Research 44
Editorial:Visualattention
formorethanacentury,psychologistsandphysiologistssuchasWilliamJames,
WilhelmWundt,JohannesMullerandHermannvonHelmholtzhaveproposedthat
attentionplaysanimportantroleinperception:itisnecessaryforeffortfulvisual
processing,andmaybethegluethatbindssimplevisualfeaturesintoanobject.In
morerecenttimes,manypsychologists,includingUlricNeisser,AnneTreismanand
MichaelPosner,havedevelopedexperimentalparadigmstoinvestigatewhatattention
doesandwhatperceptualprocessesitaffects.Overthepastfewyears,therehasbeen
agrowinginterestinthemechanismsofvisualattention:howvisualattention
modulatesthespatialandtemporalsensitivityofearlyfilters;howattentioninfluences
theselectionofstimuliofinterest;howandwheretheneuronalresponsesare
modulated;howattentionandeyemovementsinteract.
Selama lebih dari satu abad, psikolog dan fisiolog seperti William
James, Wilhelm Wundt, Johannes Mueller dan Hermann von
Helmholtz telah mengusulkan bahwa perhatian(attention)
memainkan peran penting dalam persepsi : ini penting untuk usaha
pemrosesan visual, dan hal ini yang menyatukan beberapa fitur visual
sederhana ke bentuk sebuah objek. Pada masa sebelumnya, beberapa
psikolog termasuk termasuk Ulric Neisser, Anne Treisman dan
Michael Posner telah mengembangkan paradigma eksperimental
untuk menyelidiki apakah yang dimaksud attention dan proses
persepsi apa yang dimengaruhinya. Selama beberapa tahun terakhir,
banyak peneliti yang menaruh minat pada visual attention :
bagaimana visual attention memodulasi sensitivitas spasial dan
temporal pada filter awal, bagaimana attention mempengaruhi
proses seleksi stimulus yang diminati, dimana dan bagaimana respon
neuronal dimodulasi, bagaimana attention dan gerakan mata
berinterasi
Eckstein et al. report classification image studies showing that
humans successfully select the stimulus at relevant locations and
ignore information at irrelevant locations with both a 100% valid
location cue and 100% invalid location cues. Solomon shows that an
uninformative cue may improve sensitivity at the cued location and
that simultaneous cues can improve sensitivity at several locations.
Other visual search studies also illus- trate that the visual system is
able to select cued loca- tions in the presence of noise. Verghese and
McKee find that in the absence of a location cue, the observer
monitors early detectors at all locations that are well matched to the
target attributes. Baldassi and Burr show that when visual search
occurs at detection threshold, the filter selection process is somewhat
coarse, and observers tend to monitor many irrelevant detectors.
More complicated strategies are required when the stimulus identity
is not known, but is defined as the odd- man out. Santhi and Reeves
report that the decrement in performance for feature search (known
attribute) with increasing set size is explained by standard signal
detection theory (SDT), but that the improvement in performance for
oddity search (unknown attribute) with increasing distractors
requires a modification to stan- dard SDT. This set of behavioural
studies provides evidence that, although selection may not be perfect,
it can occur at early stages of visual processing in order to accomplish
specific tasks.
------------------------------------------