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Littelfuse Magnetic Sensors and Reed Switches Inductive Load Arc Suppression Application Note PDF
Littelfuse Magnetic Sensors and Reed Switches Inductive Load Arc Suppression Application Note PDF
Introduction Figure 2.
Bidirectional TVS Diode
When a reed switch or reed sensor is used to control an Reed Switch/Sensor
inductive device (relay coil, solenoid, transformer, small
motor, etc.), the energy stored in the inductance in the device
Load
will subject the switch contacts to a high voltage when the
reed switch opens. When the switch contacts open, the
contact gap is initially small. Arcing across this contact gap RL
can occur immediately after the switch opens. This can TVS
Vs
happen in resistive as well as inductive loads, but inductive
loads generate a higher voltage and this causes increased L
arcing. Increased arcing decreases switch life. Direct current
(DC) inductive circuits typically use a diode to prevent the
high voltage. The diode in the circuit is called a suppression
diode, flyback diode, freewheeling diode, or catch diode.
However, a diode cannot be used in an alternating current
(AC) circuit. AC arc suppression requires the use of a RC suppression has the advantage of limiting the switch
metal-oxide varistor (MOV), a bidirectional transient voltage contact voltage at the time of switch opening when the
suppressor (TVS) diode, or an RC suppression network. An size of the contact gap is small. RC suppression can also
RC suppression network is also called a snubber. The various be used to reduce arcing and improve life in resistive
arc suppression methods have various advantages and loads. With RC suppression, a seriesconnected capacitor
disadvantages. Using no suppression is also an option if life and resistor network is placed across (in parallel with) the
is adequate without it. Which method to use is determined switch contact. Alternatively, the capacitor and resistor
by trade-offs between cost, contact life, packaging, etc. can be placed across the load. Placing the RC snubber
across the switch contact is preferred, but this has the
disadvantage of providing a current path to the load through
the snubber when the switch is open. Placing the snubber
Considerations across the load eliminates the current, but wiring and source
impedance variation may change the effectiveness of the arc
Figure 1. suppression.
DC Current with Suppression Diode
Reed Switch/Sensor Figure 3.
RC (Snubber) Suppression Across Switch Contact
Load Supression
Snubber Network
Diode
RL
D C R
Vs
L Reed Switch/Sensor
Load
RL
Vs
L
The MOV and TVS diode devices conduct current when a
threshold voltage is exceeded. These devices are usually
placed across (in parallel with) the switch contact. These
devices can work well for lower voltages such as 24 VAC
and can also work for higher inductance 120 VAC loads.
The values of the resistor and capacitor used in the snubber
MOV devices have more capacitance than TVS diodes. If
are by necessity compromises. The resistor value must be
an MOV is used, the effect of MOV capacitance should be
large enough to limit the capacitive discharge current when
reviewed. A separate Hamlin application note discusses
the switch contacts close, but small enough to adequately
capacitive loads.
limit the voltage when the switch contacts open. Larger
capacitor values decrease the voltage when the switch
contacts open but they cost more and also increase the
capacitive discharge energy when the switch contacts close.