PTE Vocabulary - The Complete Vocabulary List

PTE Vocabulary - The Complete Vocabulary List,
http://englishgrammarpass.com
abandon: 1. a lack of control or restraint 2. loss of inhibitions 3. exuberance 4. surrender to
one's natural impulses
abbreviation: 1. a shortened form of a name, phrase or word 2. the act of shortening
something
ability: 1. the capacity to do something 2. a skill or talent in a specific area
abnormal: 1. strange 2. not usual or typical 3. not what is considered to be normal
abolish: 1. to get rid of in an official way 2. to put an end to 3. to completely destroy
abridge: 1. to make something shorter while keeping the same meaning 2. to condense 3.
to reduce
abrupt: 1. brusque or curt in behavior or speech 2. unexpected or sudden, most often in an
unpleasant or shocking way 3. steep
absorb: 1. to incorporate something 2. to soak up or suck up something 3. to gradually take
something in
abstract: 1. not concrete; not related to a physical object or real event 2. expressing or
showing feelings instead of real objects or people 3. difficult to understand because of its
complexity 4. theoretical
abundance: 1. an extremely large quantity of something 2. a quantity that is considered to
be more than enough
academic: 1. related to school or scholarly subjects 2. theoretical; not practical 3. scholarly;
good at studying
accelerate: 1. to speed up 2. to go faster 3. to make something happen or to happen at a
quicker rate than normal
access: 1. a way of entering or exiting a place 2. the right or permission to use, approach,
or enter something or somewhere 3. the act of approaching
accessory: 1. an object that is added to another in order to make it more useful or
attractive 2. a person that helps another person commit a crime, but who does not actually
take part in the crime
accommodate: 1. to do a favor or oblige someone 2. to supply 3. to provide space for
people to stay or to be 4. to adapt or to make suitable
accommodation: 1. lodgings used for travelers 2. a place to stay or live
accompaniment: 1. something that accompanies something or someone else 2. music that
accompanies a singer or the main tune
accompany: 1. to go along with 2. to be associated with 3. to go somewhere with someone
accomplishment: 1. fulfillment, success or achievement 2. something that was done
successfully
accord: concurrence of opinions or wills
account: 1. an explanation or description of a specific event or situation 2. a narrative 3.
the reasons behind a specific event or action
accumulate: 1. to collect or gather 2. to amass 3. to increase in quantity or amount
accumulation: 1. the act of growing or increasing in amount over an extended period of
time 2. agglomeration
Page 1 of 39
accurate: 1. meticulous or giving careful consideration to the details 2. exact 3. free from
errors and mistakes
achieve: 1. to accomplish 2. to reach something through hard work 3. to succeed
acquire: 1. to obtain 2. to purchase 3. to develop or learn a habit or skill 4. to pinpoint and
hold a target or something else through the use of radar or another tracking device
acquisition: 1. the act of getting something or gaining possession of a skill or a good 2.
something that one gets or gains possession of
adapt: 1. to make changes in order to fit a specific situation or purpose 2. to modify 3. to
alter something
adaptation: 1. the act of modifying something so that it better fits one's needs 2. change;
adjustment
adept: highly skilled or proficient at doing something; expert
adequate: 1. sufficient to fit the requirements or needs 2. good enough, but not excessively
good 3. satisfactory
adjacent: 1. near 2. close to 3. neighboring 4. touching
adjust: 1. to make changes to 2. to settle or adapt to a situation
adjustment: 1. a change or modification that makes something more suitable or accurate
for the person or situation 2. an adaptation
administrate: 1. to direct or manage 2. to control 3. to distribute or give out
administration: 1. a person or group that governs or manages a particular organization 2.
the act of controlling a particular organization, group or plan
advocate: 1. publicly speak, write, plead, recommend, support or argue for a cause,
particular policy or way of doing things 2. a person who publicly speaks, writes, pleads,
recommends, supports or argues for a cause, particular policy or way of doing things
aesthetic: 1. relating to beauty or the study or appreciation of beauty or good taste 2. nice
to look at
affect: 1. to impact someone emotionally or mentally 2. to produce a change in
aggregate: 1. to collect or bring together 2. to add amounts together
aid: 1. help; assistance 2. a person who helps someone or something 3. a helpful device
albeit: 1. although 2. even if 3. notwithstanding
alleviate: 1. to make something more bearable or relieve problems or pain 2. to make
something less severe or easier
allocate: divide and give out (something) for a particular purpose
aloof: 1. unfriendly or unwilling to interact with others 2. distant 3. uninvolved
alter: 1. to change or modify 2. to make something different 3. to castrate or spay an
animal
alternative: 1. not traditional or usual 2. being a choice; offering a choice 3. existing
outside traditional society
ambiguity: 1. the state of being unclear, inexact and open to more than one possible
interpretation 2. doubtfulness
Page 2 of 39
ambiguous: 1. not expressed or understood clearly 2. open to or having several possible
meanings or interpretations
amend: 1. to make changes to 2. to improve 3. to alter 4. to remove errors from
amendment: 1. a change that is made to something, such as a law, an agreement or any
other document 2. a minor change or addition to something
analogous: 1. similar to 2. alike or related in a way that allows analogies to be drawn
analogy: 1. a comparison designed to show that two or more things are similar 2. partial
resemblance 3. comparability
analyse: 1. to examine something critically 2. to separate something into its parts in order
to examine it or better understand it 3. to psychoanalyze
analysis: 1. the study or examination of something in an attempt to define it or understand
it 2. investigation 3. the act of breaking a subject down into parts to study it
anecdote: a short, often funny story, especially about something some happening, usually
personal or biographical
annex: 1. to take control or possession over a piece of land without permission and often by
the use of force 2. to add or attach 3.
annual: 1. occurring each year 2. payable on a yearly basis or calculated over a year 3.
yearly
antagonism: 1. unfriendliness or opposition 2. a strong feeling of dislike or hatred towards
someone
anthology: 1. a book that contains many different selections, often from various authors 2.
a collection of music or different works of art
anthropology: the study of human races, origins, societies, beliefs, cultures, and its
physical development
anticipate: 1. to predict or foresee 2. to look forward to something 3. to prepare for
something or deal with something before it happens
apparent: 1. clear and able to be seen 2. obvious; evident 3. easily understood
append: 1. to attach something; to affix 2. to add something to a written work such as a
letter or a book
appendix: 1. additional material that is found at the end of a book, an essay or another
written piece 2. added information
appreciate: 1. to become more valuable or increase in worth 2. to be grateful or thankful
for 3. to understand the true meaning of a situation
appreciation: 1. an increase in value 2. the act of recognizing something's quality, worth,
validity, merit, etc. 3. an expression of thanks or gratitude 4. judgment
approach: to move nearer
appropriate: 1. to take possession or control of something 2. to steal 3. to set aside or to
devote to a specific purpose
approximate: 1. to come close to something 2. to be similar to something 3. to get near
apt: 1. exactly suitable; appropriate 2. likely to do something; having a tendency to do
something 3. quick to learn or understand
Page 3 of 39
arbitrary: 1. determined in a random way 2. based on preference rather than logic
archaic: 1. antiquated 2. belonging to a time in the past 3. old-fashioned
archives: 1. a group of documents with some sort of historical or informational value 2. the
place where these documents are kept
area: 1. a geographical region 2. part of a surface or space 3. a subject or field of study
articulate: 1. capable of expressing oneself in a clear and coherent manner 2. clear and
well formulated language
aspect: 1. a part or quality of something 2. one part of a situation 3. exposure; the way in
which a structure is facing
aspire: long, aim, or seek ambitiously to have or achieve something, especially in your
career; desire strongly
assemble: 1. to put something together by joining its parts 2. to bring people together into
one single group
assembly: 1. a gathering of people that takes place because the people share a common
goal or interest; a meeting 2. a gathering of teachers and students where information is
shared
assess: 1. to estimate or determine the value of something; to appraise 2. to evaluate
assessment: 1. the act of evaluating and judging something 2. one's judgments or
observations about a particular subject
assign: 1. to give or allocate 2. to appoint 3. to designate 4. to attribute
assistance: 1. help or support 2. the act of helping or supporting someone
assume: 1. to believe that something is true without proof 2. to take on a role or
responsibility 3. to adopt an idea
assurance: 1. a feeling of confidence in oneself or something else 2. a promise designed to
give confidence
asylum: 1. protection, safety, or the right to stay, especially that given by a government to
people who has escaped from war or political trouble in their own country 2. an institution
for the care of the mentally ill, or of the aged, the poor, etc.
attach: 1. to fasten or join two or more objects 2. to include 3. to add a file to an e-mail
attached: 1. joined or fastened together somehow 2. connected 3. feeling love or attraction
for someone
attain: 1. to succeed at something 2. to achieve 3. to reach or arrive at
attribute: 1. a trait or quality 2. a characteristic
augment: 1. to increase something in size, quantity or value 2. to enlarge 3. to enhance
author: 1. the creator of something 2. the person who writes a document 3. the person
responsible for an action
authority: 1. power; the ability and right to control 2. the person or group that is in charge
of a person, group or region 3. an expert on a specific subject 4. jurisdiction 5. official
permission
Page 4 of 39
automate: 1. to mechanize a process, replacing people with machines 2. to operate by
automation
available: 1. free and ready to be used; not busy 2. accessible 3. at someone's disposal
aware: 1. cognizant; knowing 2. informed about something 3. conscious of something
behalf: 1. in the interest of 2. on part of 3. supporting 4. representing
beleaguer: 1. to harass or create trouble for 2. to besiege or surround a place, person or
group with troops
belie: 1. give a false representation to; disguise or misrepresent 2. show to be false;
contradict; prove false
benefit: 1. an advantage 2. a gift or payment from an employer to an employee 3. a
payment from an insurance company or social welfare program 4. something intended to
help 5. an event designed to raise money for someone or for a cause
bias: supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way, especially in a
way considered to be unfair
bond: 1. the link or connection between people or things 2. a written promise 3. a force that
unites or pushes people together 4. a certificate of debt issued by a government or
company, promising to pay borrowed money back over a specified period of time
boon: 1. a blessing or something helpful 2. a positive result that is gained through having
made a request
breach: 1. an act of breaking or failing to follow a law, rule, trust, faith, promise, agreement,
or code of conduct 2. a hole, opening or space in a wall, fence, barrier, or line of defense,
especially during a military attack
brief: 1. concise 2. short in duration 3. curt 4. scanty
buffet: 1. a table that has food on it, from which diners are expected to choose their own
food 2. a meal when diners are expected to choose their own food from a variety of
selections 3. a blow or a strike, usually from a hand
bulk: 1. the size or mass of something 2. the largest portion or part of something 3. great in
quantity
buoyant: 1. able to float 2. cheerful and optimistic
bureaucracy: 1. a large government or administration that is divided into various
departments, in which the officials must follow a set of inflexible rules 2. a complicated
management system which requires compliance with an annoying set of rules or regulations
burgeon: 1. grow, increase, expand or develop quickly 2. begin to grow or blossom (as buds
or branches)
capable: 1. able to do something 2. quite good at a certain task; skilled
capacity: 1. the ability to do something 2. the maximum number of things that a place or
object can hold
catalyst: 1. (Chemistry) a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction 2.
somebody, something or an event that quickly causes change or action
category: 1. a group of things organized due to the fact that they share a common trait 2. a
group or class 3. a division
Page 5 of 39
caustic: 1. capable of burning, corroding, destroying, or eating away by chemical action 2.
severely critical or sarcastic, often in a funny or clever way
cease: 1. to stop doing something; to quit 2. to discontinue 3. to come to an end
chagrin: a feeling of being very annoyed, disappointed, or embarrassed because of failure,
disappointment, or humiliation
challenge: 1. to question or express objection to 2. to test someone 3. to invite someone to
take part in a debate or competition; to dare
channel: 1. a route through which water flows or can flow 2. a television or radio station 3. a
course of direction through which actions or ideas pass
chapter: 1. a section of a book or a written work 2. a branch of a society or group 3. a stage
in a person's life
chart: 1. a drawing or illustration which displays information in an easy to understand way;
a graph 2. a detailed map used for navigation of the sea or air
circumstance: 1. the conditions surrounding an event 2. a factor which influences
something
cite: 1. to use information or exact words from another source; to quote 2. to use as an
example
civil: 1. not related to the church or military, but rather the ordinary people of a country 2.
secular 3. polite or courteous
clarify: 1. to make something clearer or easier to understand 2. to remove ambiguity
clarity: 1. clearness of expression or thought 2. the ability to be understood 3. the ability to
think in a clear way
classical: 1. relating to ancient cultures 2. respecting tradition or the original way of doing
things 3. traditional
clause: 1. a provision or stipulation in a contract or another formal document 2. a phrase
containing a subject and a verb that is part of a larger sentence
coalesce: 1. grow together or into one body 2. unite or merge into a single body, group, or
mass
code: 1. a rule or law which governs an organization or a political region 2. a set of words or
images which are used to communicate a message in a secret way or in an abbreviated form
coherence: 1. a logical ordering of things 2. consistency 3. the state of being logical
coherent: 1. consistent or logical 2. understandable 3. capable of explaining one's thoughts
or ideas in a way that is easily understood 4. unified; sticking together
coincide: 1. to happen at the same time 2. to be present at the same time and place 3. to
agree with or be in agreement
collapse: 1. to cave in due to pressure or lack of support 2. to fall down 3. to break down 4.
to fold into a smaller or more compact shape, allowing something to be more easily stored
colleague: 1. a coworker 2. someone you work with in the same profession or organization
commence: 1. to start; to begin 2. to commence 3. to originate
commission: 1. a fee or payment for goods or services rendered 2. a request to create a
specific work for someone 3. a group which studies a certain issue
Page 6 of 39
commitment: 1. one's promise or willingness to do something 2. an obligation,
engagement, pledge or understanding
commodity: 1. a product or good that can be bought and sold 2. something useful or of
value
communication: 1. the act of transmitting information from one person to another 2. the
message that is transmitted
community: 1. a group of people living in the same area or region 2. a group of people who
share common interests 3. the greater public
compatible: 1. able to exist in harmony 2. well-suited 3. capable of being mixed
compensate: 1. to pay someone for something that has been lost, damaged, or taken away
2. to make up for something negative 3. to pay someone for their services
compensation: 1. a reward or a payment that is given in exchange for some sort of
negative incident
compile: 1. to gather things together 2. to put things together in a logical or orderly form
complement: 1. to go well with something 2. to make perfect; to complete
complex: 1. complicated and not easy to understand 2. involving or made from many
different parts
component: 1. one specific part of something 2. an ingredient or element
compound: 1. to increase 2. to combine 3. to make something worse 4. to pay interest
comprehensive: 1. all-encompassing 2. thorough 3. extensive 4. dealing with most or all
aspects of a certain issue
comprise: 1. to be made up of 2. to be composed of 3. to include; to contain
compromise: 1. a settlement of differences by mutual concessions 2. reduce the quality,
value, or degree of something 3. endanger the interests or reputation of
compute: 1. to calculate 2. to determine by using a calculator or computer
conceive: 1. to draw up or think up a plan 2. to get pregnant 3. to invent something
concept: 1. an idea or a notion 2. a plan 3. an experimental model for a future product
concise: 1. expressed in few words 2. clear and succinct 3. brief yet clear
conclude: 1. to finish 2. to terminate or cause something to come to an end 3. to deduce or
to infer based on what one has seen or heard
concurrent: 1. contemporary 2. happening or existing at the same time 3. simultaneous
conduct: to lead or guide
confer: 1. to grant something, like a title, to someone 2. to discuss or exchange opinions
conference: 1. a meeting of people who share a similar interest attend a variety of talks or
sessions about a specific subject or topic 2. a meeting
confine: 1. to limit or restrict 2. to forcibly keep someone or something in a certain place; to
imprison
confirmed: 1. firmly settled in a habit 2. established 3. unlikely to change
Page 7 of 39
conflict: 1. a fight or a disagreement between two or more parties 2. a struggle 3. an
incompatibility
confluence: 1. a place where two rivers or streams join to become one 2. a coming together
of people or things
conform: 1. to meet (standards) 2. to comply with 3. to be similar to 4. to behave in a way
that is expected and acceptable
conformity: 1. agreement or compliance with a particular subject or issue 2. behavior that
displays compliance with socially accepted rules or norms
congenial: 1. (of a person) agreeable, suitable, or pleasing in nature or character 2. (of a
thing) pleasant or agreeable because suited to or adapted in one's spirit, feeling, temper,
etc.; compatible
conscientious: 1. controlled by or done according to, what one knows is right 2. working
hard and careful to do things well
consensus: 1. majority opinion 2. an opinion or decision reached by all, or nearly all,
members of a group 3. a general agreement
consent: 1. to allow or agree with 2. to grant permission 3. to approve
consequent: 1. resulting 2. following 3. progressing logically
considerable: 1. quite large; substantial 2. worthy of recognition or consideration 3.
noteworthy
consist: 1. to be composed of 2. to be inherent 3. to be compatible
consistent: 1. regular 2. not changing over time 3. constantly acting or behaving the same
way
conspicuous: 1. obvious; easily noticed 2. attracting attention, especially because it is
strange or unusual
constant: 1. unchanging 2. firm or resolute 3. persistent; continuing over a long period of
time 4. loyal
constitute: 1. to formally set up or establish 2. to appoint someone to a position 3. to be
the same as or equivalent to
constitutional: 1. permitted by the constitution of a country, group or business 2. related to
the constitution of a country, group or business
constrain: 1. to keep back; to confine 2. to restrain; to limit 3. to force; to oblige
construct: 1. to create or to form 2. to build; to put pieces together to form a whole object
3. to combine smaller pieces to develop something new
construction: 1. the act or business of building things, especially structures
consume: 1. to eat 2. to use; to use up 3. to totally destroy
consumer: 1. a person who purchases goods or services
contact: 1. to communicate with someone over the phone or by writing a letter, e-mail or
text message
contemporary: 1. from or existing in the same time period 2. modern
Page 8 of 39
context: 1. the circumstances surrounding something 2. the words before and after
something that help explain what it means 3. the circumstances or situation in which
something happens, which help to explain it
contract: 1. to get smaller; to shrink 2. to make smaller 3. to hire someone to work under a
contract 4. to get
contradict: 1. to make a statement that goes against what has been expressed by another
2. to deny 3. to disagree with something
contradiction: 1. a difference between two or more messages or statements which shows
that one of the statements must be wrong 2. an inconsistency
contrary: 1. opposite or completely different 2. obstinate 3. unfavorable
contrast: 1. the act of finding differences between two or more things 2. a difference
between two or more things
contribute: 1. to write for a newspaper or a magazine 2. to give goods, money or time and
effort to a person or group in order to help them
contribution: 1. something one gives or does in order to help reach a shared achievement
2. a donation 3. a specific tax payment
controversy: 1. a disagreement or dispute over a specific subject about which people have
differing opinions 2. a heated discussion or argument
convene: 1. to bring people together for a formal or official purpose such as a meeting 2. to
gather
convention: 1. a formal political agreement 2. a gathering or meeting of people or
professionals with a shared interest 3. a social custom
conventional: 1. traditional 2. based on what is considered to be traditional or typical 3.
common 4. related to or based on a convention or an agreement
converse: 1. to talk with a person or a group of people 2. to have a conversation
conversely: 1. reciprocally 2. in a contrary manner
convert: 1. to change something; to transform 2. to undergo a change 3. to change to
another religion
convinced: 1. very sure 2. persuaded 3. certain
cooperative: 1. done with others 2. willing to work with others
coordinate: 1. to harmonize 2. to make two or more things work well or efficiently together
3. to match
coordination: 1. the act of making various parts work together in one organized or
harmonious way
core: 1. the center of something 2. the most important or essential part of something
corporate: 1. belonging or pertaining to a large company or corporation 2. common or
shared between people or a group of people
correspond: 1. to communicate through messages, letters or e-mails 2. to be related to or
quite similar to
corresponding: 1. related to 2. comparable 3. matching 4. directly related
Page 9 of 39
cosmopolitan: 1. common to or representative of all or many different countries and
cultures 2. containing or having experience of many different countries and cultures 3.
including people from many different countries 4. free from local or national habits or
prejudice
counterfeit: 1. to forge a copy of something, often for illegal or dishonest reasons 2. to
create a high-quality copy of something with the intention of defrauding someone
couple: 1. two people who are romantically involved 2. two similar or equal things
create: 1. to invent something; to develop something new 2. to cause or bring about
credible: 1. trustworthy 2. easy to believe or convincing 3. reliable
credit: 1. money that is given to someone with the understanding that it will be paid back
with interest 2. recognition or praise
criteria: 1. the standards or rules on which something is judged or based
crucial: 1. of the utmost importance 2. extremely important 3. decisive
culture: 1. behaviors, beliefs, and standards that are shared between one large group of
people or a society 2. art, such as music, literature, dance, theater, etc.
cumulative: 1. increasing due to the constant addition of other elements 2. gradually
increasing 3. snowballing
currency: 1. money; any other medium of exchange
curtail: 1. to reduce or shorten something 2. to establish a limit on something 3. to abridge
cycle: 1. an extended period of time 2. a bi- or tri- cycle 3. a series of events which repeat
over time
data: 1. information, facts or figures about a specific subject that is often used to make a
decision 2. information used by a computer
dearth: a lack of something or an inadequate supply
debate: 1. a civil or controlled argument between two or more people or groups with
opposing viewpoints 2. a formal discussion before a vote 3. discussion
decade: 1. a period of ten years 2. any series or group of ten
decline: 1. a fall in the number of something; a reduction 2. the act of reducing in number
3. a downward slope
deduce: 1. to reach a conclusion based on the facts available 2. to infer
defile: 1. to spoil something by making it less pure; to corrupt 2. to pollute or make
something dirty
definite: 1. exact 2. clear 3. undeniable 4. certain and unlikely to change
definition: 1. a clear outline of something 2. the meaning of a word or phrase
deliberate: 1. to carefully debate or think about something serious 2. to thoughtfully weigh
the available options
demonstrate: 1. to deliberately show or prove 2. to make clear
denote: 1. to be a name or symbol for 2. to indicate 3. to mean; to symbolize
Page 10 of 39
denounce: 1. to condemn or accuse something or someone, often in a formal manner 2. to
strongly and publicly criticize someone or something
deny: 1. to say that something is not true 2. to claim one is not guilty of something; to not
admit 3. to not let someone have something
depict: 1. show (someone or something) in a picture, drawing, painting, photograph, etc. 2.
describe (someone or something) using words, a story, etc.
deplete: 1. to cause a great reduction in the fullness or size of 2. to use up 3. to decrease
the number of something
deplore: 1. to believe something is wrong or bad 2. to lament; to regret 3. to feel great
sadness about
depreciation: 1. decrease in value due to age, wear, decay, market conditions, etc. 2. a
decrease in the purchasing or exchange value of money 3. an instance of disparaging or
belittlement
depress: 1. to press or force down 2. to make someone feel quite sad 3. to weaken 4. to
lower the amount of something
depression: 1. extreme sadness 2. a dip in a surface 3. a severe recession in an economy
derivative: 1. developed from, based on, influenced by, or copied something else; derived
2. copied or adapted from others; not original; secondary
derive: 1. to get something from a source 2. to deduce 3. to show or trace the origin of
design: 1. a sketch or a plan that shows what something will be like when it is produced or
constructed 2. a pattern or plan
despite: 1. hatred or malice 2. injury
detect: 1. to note or to feel something 2. to discover or catch 3. to note the presence of
deter: 1. to discourage or keep someone from doing something 2. to make someone decide
not to do something by making them fear the consequences or repercussions
deteriorate: 1. to get or become worse 2. to depreciate 3. to disintegrate over time
detrimental: 1. causing damage or injury 2. harmful
deviate: 1. to stray from the established course or standards 2. to digress
device: 1. a contraption used to perform specific tasks 2. an explosive, like a bomb 3. a
method used to do something
devoid: completely lacking something that is necessary or usual; destitute or empty
(usually followed by of = devoid of)
devote: 1. to dedicate time or resources to something 2. to set apart
differentiate: 1. to determine or recognize the difference between two or more things; to
distinguish 2. to make one thing unlike another
diffuse: 1. pour out and cause to spread freely, as a fluid 2. spread or scatter over a wide
area widely or thinly; disseminate; dispersed; not concentrated in one area 3. spread among
a large group of people 4. cause (light) to spread evenly to reduce glare
dilemma: 1. a serious problem 2. a situation in which a difficult decision must be made
diligent: steady, hard-working, and careful in one's work or duties; industrious; painstaking
Page 11 of 39
diminish: 1. to reduce or make smaller 2. to become smaller or less
discern: 1. see, recognize, find out, or understand something that is far away or not very
clear 2. perceive or recognize (someone or something) with difficulty by the sight or some
other sense 3. come to know, recognize, or distinguish mentally
discord: 1. disagreement among people or things 2. dispute or strife 3. a lack of harmony
discrepancy: 1. a difference or variation between things that should be identical 2.
inconsistency 3. disagreement
discrete: 1. distinct 2. separate 3. not continuous
discretion: 1. the ability to judge people or situations wisely and make the right choices 2.
the ability to behave in a way that does not cause offense
discriminate: 1. to treat someone or a group of people differently due to their origin, race,
sex or other trait 2. to distinguish or see the difference between things
disdain: the feeling of not liking someone or something and thinking that they are not
important and do not deserve any interest, respect, notice, response, etc.
dispel: 1. make (a doubt, fear, belief, feeling, or idea) go away or end, usually by proving
them wrong or unnecessary 2. drive away or off in various directions; disperse; dissipate
displace: 1. to force someone or something out of its proper place or position 2. to take
over for 3. to remove
displacement: 1. the act of removing someone or something from the place it held or lived
previously
display: 1. to show or present 2. to demonstrate 3. to reveal
dispose: 1. to get rid of or throw away 2. to make someone feel a certain way 3. to arrange
distinct: 1. different or separate 2. unmistakable; obvious
distinction: 1. honor or excellence 2. something that makes a person or a thing different
from the rest
distort: 1. to misrepresent or give false information 2. to change something so that it is no
longer the way it originally was
distribute: 1. to give out or hand out 2. to spread something out over a surface 3. to deliver
products
distribution: 1. the act of giving something out to people 2. the way in which something is
distributed or spread out over an area
divergent: 1. tending to split and move out in different directions from a single point;
diverging 2. be or become different
diverse: 1. possessing various characteristics 2. distinct 3. diversified
diversity: 1. difference or variety 2. the state of having people from different races and
cultures gathered together in one space or organization
divert: 1. to distract 2. to make something move in a different direction or on a different
course 3. to use for a different purpose than the original 4. to amuse or entertain
doctrine: 1. a belief or set of beliefs that are taught and accepted by a religious, political,
scientific, or other group; dogma 2. a statement of official government policy, especially in
foreign or military affairs
Page 12 of 39
document: 1. to record something on paper or in digital format 2. to provide written
evidence
dogged: marked by stubborn determination and persistent in effort to do or get something
and continuing to try despite difficulties
domain: 1. territory 2. field of activity or study 3. a set or group of websites that share the
same suffix such as .net .org etc.
domestic: 1. related to house, home or family 2. from one's own country
dominant: 1. governing; ruling; exercising one's control 2. more important than similar
things 3. commanding
dominate: 1. to be very good at something 2. to command; to have power over 3. to be the
most important or largest thing in a group
dormant: 1. sleeping, lying asleep or as if asleep; inactive 2. not active or developing now,
but it may become active or develop in the future 3. in a state of rest or inactivity;
inoperative
draft: 1. the first draft or copy of something 2. a sketch 3. a rush of air through a building or
space
dramatic: 1. sensational 2. pronounced 3. extremely sudden 4. extreme
dubious: 1. doubtful 2. questionable 3. not totally good or honest 4. undecided
duration: 1. the amount of time that something lasts
dynamic: 1. full of energy; enthusiastic 2. constantly changing 3. relating to energy or
physical forces
eccentric: 1. strange 2. unusual 3. unconventional and deviating from what is considered to
be "normal" behavior
eclectic: 1. selecting or choosing from various sources, systems, or styles 2. made up of or
combining elements from a variety of sources
economic: 1. cheap 2. pertaining to the economy of a country or region 3. related to the
system of buying and selling goods and services
edit: 1. to revise a document and change whatever errors one sees 2. to produce a book or
document by gathering different works together
edition: 1. a group of a publications that were published at the same time 2. a specific
version or a book or a product
elated: 1. very happy and excited; exultantly proud and joyful; overjoyed 2. make very
proud, happy, or joyful
elicit: 1. evoke or draw out (a response, information, etc.) from someone 2. draw out or
entice forth; bring to light
eliminate: 1. to get rid of 2. to abolish 3. to remove
eloquent: 1. persuasive in speaking or writing 2. characterized by fluent and persuasive
speech 3. movingly or vividly expressive
elusive: 1. difficult to describe, find, catch, achieve, understand, or remember 2. cleverly or
skillfully evasive
emerge: 1. to appear 2. to come into view 3. to become known 4. to come into existence
Page 13 of 39
emphasis: 1. the importance that is specifically placed on something 2. stress
empirical: relying on or derived from observation or experiment rather than theory or pure
logic
enable: 1. to make someone able to do something 2. to give someone the tools or resources
to do something 3. to allow someone to do something
endorse: 1. to publicly declare one's support for something 2. to acknowledge a document
by signing it
endurance: 1. the ability or power to withstand stress or an unpleasant situation 2. the act
of persevering 3. duration
energy: 1. the effort or power needed to do something 2. heat, electricity, light or the
resources used to produce power
enforce: 1. to make someone comply with a law or a rule 2. to cause or force something
engage: to occupy the attention
enhance: intensify, increase, or improve the quality, amount, extent, or strength of
something, as in cost, value, attractiveness, effectiveness, etc.
enormous: 1. extremely large in size or quantity 2. massive
ensure: 1. to make sure that something happens or happened 2. to guarantee 3. to secure
or make safe
entity: 1. an individual, complete, unit that possesses its own unique characteristics 2. a
being
environment: 1. all of the conditions and circumstances that surround a specific person,
animal or thing 2. the surroundings
ephemeral: lasting for only a very short time
equate: 1. to equalize 2. to make two or more things equal 3. to consider things equal
equation: 1. a math problem 2. the act of considering one thing to be the same as another
equip: 1. to give someone the tools or skills necessary to perform a job 2. to dress
equipment: 1. supplies or tools needed to complete a task
equitable: dealing fairly and equally with everyone; just and impartial
equivalent: 1. equal to 2. of the same amount, size, value, meaning
equivocal: 1. not clear and seeming to have two or more possible opposing meanings 2.
ambiguous
erode: 1. to eat away or wear away something 2. to slowly deteriorate 3. to reduce
something
erosion: 1. the gradual corroding or eating away of a subject 2. deterioration
erratic: 1. irregular in movement or behavior 2. not following a regular pattern 3. not doing
what is expected
estate: 1. a rather large piece of property 2. all of one's possessions at death
estimate: 1. to make a guess or calculate the amount or value of something 2. to judge
Page 14 of 39
ethic: 1. a belief or set of beliefs which affects one's behavior 2. a person's moral principles
or standards
ethnic: 1. of or relating to a specific group of people who share a common race, heritage,
set of customs or traditions
evacuate: 1. to empty something out 2. to make people move out of or away from an area
that is in danger 3. to remove or discharge
evaluate: 1. to judge 2. to closely examine something before determining its value
eventual: 1. happening at a time in the future that has not been specified
eventually: 1. in the end 2. at an unspecified time in the future 3. finally
evidence: 1. material that shows someone is innocent or guilty of something 2. material
that proves something
evident: clearly and easily seen or understood
evoke: 1. bring (a memory, feeling, image, etc.) into the mind 2. bring out; arouse; call forth
evolution: 1. gradual development or change, especially over long periods of time
evolve: 1. to grow 2. to develop gradually over an extended period of time 3. to go through
evolutionary changes
exacerbate: increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of (disease, pain, annoyance,
etc.)
excavate: 1. dig a large hole or channel in the ground, especially with a machine 2. uncover
or expose by digging; unearth 3. dig out and remove (earth, soil, etc.) 4. form (a hole,
tunnel, etc.) by digging
exceed: 1. to surpass 2. to go beyond 3. to be greater than
exclude: 1. to leave someone or something out 2. to eject 3. to deliberately not include 4.
to prevent
exemplify: 1. to serve as a typical example of 2. to use an example to illustrate or clarify 2.
to embody
exhibit: 1. to display or show 2. to present to the public 3. to reveal
exhort: strongly encourage or urge (someone) to do something by strong, often stirring
argument, admonition, advice, or appeal; admonish strongly
exorbitant: going far beyond what is reasonable, fair, expected, just, proper, or usual,
especially of a price or amount charged
expand: 1. to add details or information 2. to grow larger 3. to cause growth or to make
larger
expansion: 1. growth 2. the act or process of getting larger 3. an increase in size or number
expedient: helpful or useful in a particular situation and produces an immediate result or
solution to a problem, even though possibly improper or immoral
expert: 1. a person who has a great deal of knowledge about or skill in a specific subject
explicit: fully and clearly expressed or demonstrated, leaving no room for confusion or
doubt
exploit: 1. to take advantage of 2. to make use of
Page 15 of 39
exploitation: 1. selfish utilization of someone's work 2. abuse of someone in order to gain
advantage
export: 1. to sell or send abroad 2. to introduce or transmit an idea from one country into
another
exposition: 1. a show where works of art are displayed for the public to contemplate 2. a
clear, detailed, easy to understand explanation 3. a show in which many objects that are for
sale are displayed
exposure: 1. the disclosure or revealing of something 2. the state of having no protection
from the elements or other harmful agents
external: 1. from or located out the outside; outer 2. coming from the outside or an outside
source 3. peripheral
extract: 1. to remove or pull something out of another source 2. to convince a person to
give you something they don't want to give you, often through the use of force
fabricate: 1. to create 2. to manufacture 3. to build
facilitate: 1. to help make something happen 2. to assist 3. to make something easier
faction: 1. a small group within a larger group, usually contentious minority within a larger
group 2. conflict within an organization or nation; internal dissension
factor: 1. a variable or an element 2. something that influences a result
fallacy: 1. a mistaken belief that a lot of people think is true but is in fact false 2. (logic) a
mistake or failure in reasoning that makes an argument or idea invalid 3. a misleading or
unsound argument 4. deceptive, misleading, or false nature
falter: 1. to move or speak in an unsteady, awkward manner 2. to stop doing something,
even for just a moment 3. to lose strength
fanatical: 1. too enthusiastic 2. unreasonably zealous about something 3. extreme in one's
beliefs or activities
fastidious: 1. very attentive to small details and wanting everything to be correct and
perfect 2. difficult to please; exacting 3. wanting (clothes, possessions, and property) to
always be clean, neat, etc.
fatuous: 1. something or someone that is silly, foolish or pointless
feasible: 1. achievable 2. capable of being done or accomplished 3. possible 4. likely
feature: 1. a part or aspect of something 2. a quality
federal: 1. related to the central or national government 2. related to the system of
federalism, a system in which states or provinces and central governments share power
fervent: 1. having or showing great warmth or intensity of spirit, feeling, enthusiasm, etc. 2.
hot; boiling; burning; glowing
fickle: 1. likely to change one's opinion; not constant 2. unstable; frequently changing
file: 1. to cut away using a file 2. to put in order; to arrange 3. to submit or send a document
4. to walk in a line
final: 1. last; concluding 2. ultimate 3. coming at the end
finance: 1. money that is used to pay for a large and expensive project 2. the money that a
person, company or nation has 3. the management of money
Page 16 of 39
financial: 1. related to money or finance
finite: 1. limited 2. measurable 3. having an end
flaunt: 1. to show something, like a personal quality, wanting to get admiration from others
2. to flaunt something
flexibility: 1. the ability or willingness to make changes 2. easily bent 3. adaptability
flexible: 1. pliable; capable of being manipulated 2. able to change or be modified 3. able to
be bent
fluctuate: 1. to constantly undergo changes 2. to undulate 3. to shift back and forth; to rise
and fall
focus: 1. the center point of something 2. the center of attention 3. the main point
format: 1. to arrange a document in a specific way 2. to prepare a computer disk to save
specific files
formula: 1. a fixed or standard way of doing something 2. mathematical symbols that
express a rule or a fact
forthcoming: 1. upcoming; approaching 2. appearing shortly 3. helpful; collaborative
fortuitous: 1. happening by accident or chance rather than intention, especially in a way
that is lucky or convenient 2. lucky; fortunate
foundation: 1. the base on which something is built 2. an organization that deals with social
issues or projects 3. the underlying principle or basis
framework: 1. the basic structure for something 2. something's skeleton 3. a set of rules
around which something is done
fraught: filled, charged, or loaded (with), especially unpleasant or undesirable things such
as problems, difficulties, or things that are confusing
frugal: 1. sparing or economical in use or expenditure; not wasteful; not spending freely or
unnecessarily 2. simple, cheap, and not very big
function: 1. a duty or an activity that one must perform 2. a formal event 3. a purpose
fundamental: 1. essential 2. of great importance 3. basic
furthermore: 1. in addition 2. moreover 3. besides 4. additionally
gallant: 1. (of a person or their behavior) brave and noble; high-spirited and daring 2. (of a
man) courteously attentive especially to women; chivalrous; flirtatious 3. showy, colorful, or
stylish, as in dress or manner; splendid; magnificent; well-dressed
gaunt: 1. extremely thin due to illness or hunger 2. empty or barren 3. dreary
gender: 1. one's sex or sexual identity 2. all members of a specific sex
generate: 1. to create or bring about 2. to produce 3. to produce energy, like electricity
generation: 1. a group of people in a society or in a family that were born in the same
general age 2. a period of around thirty years in which people are born, grow up, and have
babies of their own
genial: 1. cheerful, friendly, and sympathetic; amiable 2. (of air or climate) pleasantly mild
and warm; favorable for life, growth, or comfort
global: 1. world-wide 2. found around the world 3. comprehensive
Page 17 of 39
globe: 1. a spherical shape; a ball 2. a map of the world which is printed on a sphere 3. the
earth
goad: 1. to provoke someone 2. to urge someone on 3. to tease or incite a person or an
animal
grade: 1. a level or rank 2. a number or letter that indicates the quality of something
grate: 1. to shred something, such as cheese 2. to persistently annoy 3. to produce an
annoying sound through friction
gravity: 1. the force that pulls matter toward a center of attraction; the force that pulls
matter to the ground 2. seriousness or solemnity
guarantee: 1. the promise that something will happen or that something is true 2. an
assurance
guideline: 1. a rule or benchmark 2. information tells people how something should be
done
hardy: 1. capable of enduring extreme conditions or difficult situations; robust 2. bold or
daring; courageous 3. brazenly daring; audacious 4. (of plants) able to survive outside
during winter without protection from the weather
hasten: 1. make something happen sooner or more quickly; speed up; accelerate 2. move
or act quickly; hurry 3. cause to hurry
headstrong: 1. stubborn and unwilling to change 2. strong-willed 3. very determined to do
what one wishes, despite warnings from others
hence: 1. therefore 2. for this reason 3. from this time 4. from this place
hierarchy: 1. the order of people based on their rank or status 2. a system where people or
things are ranked based on their status
highlight: 1. to stress something 2. to make something appear more important 3. to
emphasize
hinder: 1. to limit someone's possibilities or the ability to do something 2. to hamper or
impede 3. to slow something down
homogeneous: of the same or similar nature or kind
hypothesis: an unproved theory, proposition, supposition, etc. that is made on the basis of
limited evidence and not proven but that leads to further study, discussion, or investigation,
etc.
identical: 1. exactly alike 2. the same as something else 3. extraordinarily similar
identify: 1. to discover 2. to equate 3. to recognize a person or a problem
ideology: 1. a set of ideas which influence or govern a person or a society
illuminate: 1. to make something brighter; to brighten 2. to explain something in a way
that makes it understandable; to instruct
illustrate: 1. to show something or explain, especially by giving examples 2. to draw
pictures that are to be used in a book or other written document 3. to represent
image: 1. a picture or a visual representation of something 2. a mental picture of something
immigrate: 1. to enter a foreign country with the purpose of permanently living there
Page 18 of 39
immigration: 1. the act of moving into a new country in order to live there
impact: 1. a collision; the moment when two or more bodies hit 2. the effect that an event
has on a person; an influence
implement: 1. to put something in force or into effect 2. to carry out
implicate: 1. to demonstrate, imply or show that a person is involved in something, such as
a crime
implicit: 1. not explicitly said or explained; implied 2. suggested
imply: 1. express or indicate (something) indirectly 2. indicate or suggest without saying or
showing
impose: 1. to force people to comply with a rule or to accept something 2. to demand
impromptu: 1. done without any planning 2. unrehearsed 3. offhand
incentive: 1. something that motivates people to do something or take action 2. a reward
or the threat of punishment that inspires people to act
incidence: 1. the rate or frequency at which something happens 2. occurrence
incipient: 1. just starting 2. in the beginning stages 3. beginning to appear
inclination: 1. a tendency to support something or like something; a preference 2. a slope
or angle
incline: 1. to be in favor of something or have a preference 2. to bend or slant 3. to slope
income: 1. money that one receives in exchange for one's work or smart investing 2.
revenue 3. a company's profits
incompatible: 1. unable to exist together in harmony or agreement because of basic
differences 2. not consistent or able to coexist with (another)
incongruous: 1. inappropriate or not considered to be normal 2. incompatible or
inconsistent with the rest of things in its group or time
incorporate: 1. to include something into a larger unit or group 2. to combine
incredulous: 1. unwilling or unable to believe something, and usually showing this;
doubting; skeptical 2. showing doubt or disbelief 3. incredible; not easy to be believed
indelible: 1. impossible to remove or forget 2. producing marks that cannot be erased or
removed 3. permanent
index: 1. an alphabetical list showing all that is included in a book or a larger document 2.
an alphabetical list of the documents in a collection 3. an indication
indicate: 1. to show 2. to be a sign of 3. to signal 4. to suggest
indifferent: 1. not caring about something; apathetic or indifferent 2. impartial 3.
unremarkable or average
indigenous: existing, growing, or produced naturally in a particular place or climate; native
indignant: feeling or showing anger or annoyance at unfair, mean, or ungrateful action or
treatment
individual: 1. a single human being 2. a person
Page 19 of 39
induce: 1. persuade or influence someone to do something 2. bring about, produce, or
cause 3. draw (a general rule or conclusion) by inductive reasoning
inept: 1. not effective 2. unfit or wrong in an inappropriate way 3. awkward or clumsy
inert: 1. unable to move or act 2. moving or acting very slowly 3. not energetic or
interesting
inertia: 1. lack of activity 2. the fact that matter moves in the same direction unless acted
upon by another force
inevitably: 1. in a way that isn't preventable 2. not able to be avoided
infer: form an opinion or guess that something is true by reasoning, especially based on
known facts, evidence, or premises
infrastructure: 1. the underlying features of something; framework 2. a country's basic
systems, such as power, water or transportation
ingenious: clever, resourceful, original, and inventive
inherent: existing in someone or something as a natural and inseparable element, quality,
right, or attribute
inhibit: 1. prevent someone from doing what he or she wants to do 2. prevent or slow down
the activity, growth or occurrence of (something) 3. restrain, hinder, arrest, or check (an
action, impulse, etc.)
initial: 1. first 2. occurring at the beginning of something 3. incipient
initiate: 1. to begin 2. to introduce a person to into a subject or knowledge; to teach
someone 3. to formally admit someone into a group
injure: 1. to physically hurt or harm someone or something 2. to offend someone or hurt
them mentally or emotionally
injury: 1. physical harm caused by violence or an accident
innovate: 1. to begin to use or to invent new ideas, concepts, products, equipment, etc. 2.
to make changes
innovation: 1. the use of something new; a change to a particular process
insert: 1. to put or place something in something else 2. to add something
insight: 1. understanding of a specific theme or topic 2. the ability to clearly understand a
difficult or complicated situation or topic
insipid: 1. without flavor; tasteless 2. not interesting or exciting; dull; boring
inspect: 1. to carefully examine something, especially in search of problems or flaws 2. to
make an official visit to ensure that rules are being followed or complied with
inspection: 1. the act of examining something by an official or a person who has been
specially trained 2. an official or formal review
instance: 1. an occurrence 2. an example used to demonstrate something
institute: 1. an organization that promotes education or art 2. an organization that carries
out research 3. an organization with a specific purpose
instruct: 1. to teach someone 2. to show someone how to do something 3. to direct or give
orders
Page 20 of 39
integral: 1. fundamental; essential 2. of the utmost importance 3. necessary
integrate: 1. to add something to a unit to make it whole 2. to combine two or more things
3. to join; to unify
integrity: 1. the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles 2. the quality or
state of being whole and undivided 3. the quality or state of being unimpaired; soundness
intelligence: 1. the ability to learn or to acquire knowledge or skills 2. classified or secret
information about an organization or a country
interact: 1. to communicate with and react to another human 2. to act on
interaction: 1. the act of communicating and acting with other individuals
intermediate: 1. in the middle of two things, places, etc. 2. between two levels; between
basic and advanced
intermittent: 1. happening at irregular intervals 2. not steady 3. stopping and starting
internal: 1. found or existing within certain limits 2. inner 3. interior
interpret: 1. to understand something in a certain way 2. to explain something or make it
possible to understand 3. to convert someone's spoken words into another language
interpretation: 1. explanation 2. definition 3. the act of orally translating from one
language to another
interval: 1. the space or spaces between things 2. the period of time between two things 3.
a pause
intervene: 1. to get involved or become involved in a situation in order to change its
suspected outcome 2. to interrupt 3. to be situated between two things
intervention: 1. the act of becoming involved in something
intrinsic: 1. inherent 2. relating to the basic nature of something 3. fundamental
inundate: overwhelm (someone or something) by sending or providing with a large amount
of things at the same time
invest: 1. to put one's money into something with the intention of eventually earning
money from the project 2. to give power or rank to 3. to install a new leader 4. to endow
investigation: 1. research or inquiry 2. the act of trying to find information about
something in order to better understand it
invoke: 1. request blessing, help, inspiration, support, etc. from someone, especially God, a
god, a saint, etc. 2. ask for; request earnestly 3. make someone have a particular feeling or
remember something
isolate: 1. to seclude someone or something 2. to place something in quarantine 3. to
separate something or someone
isolated: 1. separated from others 2. occurring just one time
journal: 1. a newspaper or magazine 2. a magazine that contains articles about a specific
subject 3. a written record of the day 4. a logbook
justification: 1. the reason behind something; something that explains or justifies
something else
Page 21 of 39
justify: 1. to explain or defend one's position or reasoning 2. to adjust one's text so that the
right and left edges of a document are equal 3. to prove something to be correct
juxtaposition: 1. the act of placing items side-by-side 2. the act of placing items close
together, often to incite comparison
kindle: 1. to build or light a fire 2. to make something burn; to ignite 3. to arouse an
emotion or cause a feeling 4. to stir up
label: 1. a piece of material on an object that gives information about the object 2. a name
or phrase assigned to a person to classify them, often in an unfair manner 3. a company that
produces music
labour: 1. work or physical exertion 2. the process of giving birth to a baby 3. workers, when
considered collectively
languid: 1. lacking enthusiasm, energy, or strength; without interest or spirit 2. (of a period
of time) relaxed and pleasant 3. weak or faint from illness or fatigue 4. slow in progress;
tardy
latent: exists but is not active, obvious, completely developed, or cannot be seen
laudable: deserving or worthy of praise
lavish: 1. extravagant or expensive 2. liberal in one's spending or giving of money 3.
impressive 4. generous 5. sumptuous
lax: 1. not as strict or strong 2. loose 3. not careful
layer: 1. different tiers that make something up 2. a thin sheet of a certain substance 3. a
substance that is above or under another substance
lecture: 1. a speech or lesson about a specific subject 2. a speech that is open to to the
public 3. a long and serious scolding
legal: 1. allowed or permitted by law 2. related or connected to law
legislate: 1. to create and pass laws
legislation: 1. laws 2. the act of lawmaking
levy: 1. to impose a tax, fee or fine on 2. to officially request the payment of a tax, fee or
fine
liberal: 1. tolerant or open-minded 2. in favor of personal rights and freedoms 3. in favor of
reform and progressive policies 4. generous
likewise: 1. similarly 2. moreover 3. in addition
link: 1. to connect two or more things 2. to relate things 3. to join
location: 1. the place where someone or something can be found 2. place
lofty: 1. elevated; high 2. arrogant; thinking that one is better or more important than
others 3. tall
logic: 1. a specific or formal way of thinking 2. the scientific study of the processes used
when humans reason or think
lucid: 1. very clear and easy to understand 2. clear; transparent 3. able to think clearly
lucrative: producing a lot of wealth or profit; profitable
ludicrous: 1. absurd 2. laughable; deserving of or causing laughter 3. ridiculous
Page 22 of 39
lull: 1. cause to sleep, rest, or calm, typically with soothing sounds or movements 2. cause
someone feel secure, relaxed, or confident instead of careful and alert, especially by
deception 3. a temporary calm, quiet, or stillness, as in a storm 4. become calm
magnanimous: 1. kind, generous, or forgiving in overlooking injury or insult, especially
towards a rival or less powerful person; free from petty resentfulness or vindictiveness 2.
high-minded; generous and noble
magnate: 1. a very successful or very important person in a specific industry
maintenance: 1. financial support given from one ex-spouse to another 2. upkeep 3. the
act of maintaining
major: 1. quite important 2. serious 3. large 4. more important
malleable: 1. (of a metal or other material) able to be hammered, pounded, or pressed into
various shapes without breaking or cracking 2. easily influenced, trained, or controlled;
adaptable
manifold: 1. multiple or many in number 2. varied or consisting of multiple parts or
elements 3. plentiful, numerous
manual: 1. a guide book that tells one how to operate or use something 2. an instruction
book
margin: 1. a border or edge 2. the difference between the cost of production of a good and
the amount at which it is sold
marginal: 1. not important 2. quite small 3. on the margin or border
mature: 1. to grow old 2. to develop 3. to ripen
maximise: 1. to make as large as possible 2. to make the most of something 3. to use
something in a way that allows one to get the best possible result
maximum: 1. the highest possible amount or largest quantity
meager: 1. meek or feeble 2. inadequate 3. deficient in quantity; less than is needed or
necessary
mechanism: 1. a machine or device 2. the working parts of a machine
media: 1. companies or institutions that report the news through the television, radio, press,
internet, etc. 2. mass communication when considered as a whole
mediate: 1. to settle disputes through negotiation 2. to be an intermediary 3. to work with
opposing sides to reach an agreement
medium: 1. a way of expressing something, such as photography or print 2. something in a
middle position 3. surrounding objects; environment
melancholy: a feeling of sadness, depression, and of being without hope, typically with no
obvious cause
mental: 1. related to or involving the mind 2. existing in the mind
mercenary: 1. working or acting only for money or other reward 2. a professional soldier
hired to serve in a foreign army, guerrilla organization, etc.
merge: 1. to put two or more things together; to unite; to combine
method: 1. a way of doing something 2. an approach 3. a technique
Page 23 of 39
meticulous: 1. extremely concerned with details 2. thorough and precise 3. finicky
migrate: 1. to move from one region or country to another
migration: 1. the movement of people or animals from one reason to another, based on a
variety of different reasons
military: 1. related to soldiers, the army, or armed conflict 2. done or made by soldiers
minimal: 1. the least or fewest possible 2. extremely small 3. negligible
minimise: 1. to make something smaller 2. to reduce as much as possible in amount or
degree 3. to make something seem less important
minimum: 1. the smallest or least amount of something possible 2. the smallest size
possible
ministry: 1. a government department that is in charge of a specific task or subject 2. the
job of being a preacher or a priest
mire: 1. to entangle or trap 2. to cause to stick or get stuck 3. to soil or stain with mud
mitigate: make something less severe, serious, painful, harmful, unpleasant, or bad
mode: 1. a fashion 2. a way of doing something or performing a task
modify: 1. to make changes to something 2. to adjust or alter
momentous: 1. extremely important, especially in reference to the future or future events
2. weighty
monotonous: 1. repetitive and boring 2. lacking variety 3. dull 4. wearisome
motivation: 1. the enthusiasm, interest or reason for doing something
mundane: 1. ordinary and not interesting or exciting 2. relating to the world and practical
matters instead of heavenly or spiritual ones; worldly; earthly
mutual: 1. shared between two or more parties 2. held in common
myriad: 1. a large number, often one that is too large to count 2. a great deal of people or
things
navigable: 1. safe, wide, and deep enough to allow the passage or transit of ships 2. able to
be directed or steered
negate: 1. to deny something or say something isn't true 2. to cancel something out; to
nullify
negative: 1. pessimistic 2. harmful or bad 3. expressing or showing "no" 4. expressing
disapproval
negligence: 1. failure to take the proper amount of care in a specific situation, often
causing damage or harm 2. the state or quality of being negligent 3. carelessness
network: 1. a large system of smaller interconnected parts 2. a system of interconnected
people or things 3. a group of people who are related in some way
neutral: 1. impartial 2. not supporting either side involved in a conflict
nevertheless: 1. in spite of 2. notwithstanding 3. however
nominal: 1. insignificant 2. in name, but not in practice 3. very small
Page 24 of 39
nonetheless: 1. nevertheless 2. however
norm: 1. a rule or standard 2. a pattern or something that is expected 3. a model
nostalgia: 1. homesickness; a longing for one's home or hometown 2. a feeling of sadness
and pleasure when thinking about events or things from the past; sentimentality
notion: 1. an idea, belief or opinion about something
notwithstanding: 1. in spite of 2. nevertheless 3. although
novice: a person who is new and not experienced in a job or situation
noxious: 1. detrimental to living beings 2. something that is dangerous for one's physical
health
nuance: a small variation in meaning, tone or feeling
nuclear: 1. related to or employing nuclear weapons or energy 2. related to the nucleus of
an atom
nullify: 1. to void something, especially a legal agreement or decision 2. to make something
useless or null
objective: 1. fair and impartial 2. unbiased 3. based on facts and not affected by feelings 4.
actual
oblique: 1. possessing a slanting or sloping angle or direction; inclined 2. not expressing
something in a clear or direct manner
obliterate: 1. to totally destroy 2. to make something disappear completely 3. to get rid of,
erase or cover completely
oblivious: 1. unaware or not conscious about something happening at that moment 2.
forgetful 3. inattentive
obscure: 1. not famous or well-known 2. difficult to see 3. faint; vague 4. unnoticeable 5.
mysterious
obsolete: 1. outdated or old-fashioned 2. no longer in use 3. antiquated
obstinate: 1. unreasonably stubborn and unwilling to change one's opinion or attitude 2.
troublesome to deal with, change or remove
obtain: 1. to get 2. to acquire 3. to procure
obvious: 1. clear 2. easy to see 3. apparent 4. evident
occupy: 1. to be inside something 2. to dwell in 3. to fill 4. to keep someone busy
occur: 1. to take place 2. to happen 3. to exist
odd: 1. unable to be divided by two 2. strange or uncommon 3. unexpected
offset: 1. to balance or counteract something 2. to compensate
ominous: 1. threatening or suggestive that something bad is going to occur 2. inauspicious
ongoing: 1. continuing 2. happening at the present time 3. in progress
opaque: 1. not letting light pass through; not transparent or translucent 2. difficult to
understand or explain
option: 1. the ability or right to choose 2. a choice or something that can be chosen
Page 25 of 39
orient: 1. to adapt something 2. to align something based on a specific point or direction 3.
to direct towards a goal
orientation: 1. the act of finding or determining one's position 2. a person or group's
interests or beliefs 3. training for a job
orthodox: 1. conventional or acceptable by the general public 2. traditional or old-fashioned
in one's beliefs 3. a strict observer of a certain faith
ostensible: 1. something apparent or professed to be true 2. something conspicuous and
open to view
oust: 1. to eject someone from a place or a role 2. to force someone out of a position
outcome: 1. the result or consequence 2. the effect
output: 1. production over a specific period of time 2. yield 3. energy or power produced by
a system or machine
overall: 1. comprehensive 2. all-inclusive 3. total 4. in general
overlap: 1. a shared area of responsibility or interest 2. the amount in which two things
cover a shared area 3. the period of time when two different things are occurring
overseas: 1. abroad 2. in a foreign country
overt: 1. transparent; done or displayed in public 2. not hidden 3. clear and apparent
overwrought: 1. tired; fatigued 2. upset 3. nervous or worried 4. overly emotional 5. too
ornate or complex
pacify: 1. to ease a tense situation or someone's anger 2. to cause calm or peace to come
to a previously tense situation 3. to put an end to violence or conflict
painstaking: 1. performing or characterized by diligent and careful work, in which much
attention is paid to detail 2. trying very hard to do something
palatable: 1. tasty 2. fit to be consumed by humans 3. acceptable
pallid: 1. lacking vitality, liveliness or intensity; dull 2. extremely pale, to the point that one
appears to be unhealthy
panel: 1. a board 2. a group of people who work together in order to make decisions, pass
judgment or entertain people
paradigm: 1. something that serves as an example or a model 2. accepted ideas or
practices that are used in order to explain or view a shared reality
paradox: 1. something that sounds untrue or impossible but might be possible or true 2.
something that contradicts itself or has opposite qualities
paragraph: 1. a portion of a text that centers around one specific idea
parallel: 1. not intersecting 2. occurring at the same time 3. extending in the same
direction
parameter: 1. a boundary that limits a specific action or process 2. a rule that controls
something
paramount: 1. supreme 2. more important than any other thing
parasite: 1. any animal or plant that lives on and feeds on another animal or plant
Page 26 of 39
parody: 1. a work of art such as a text or a play which is created to poke fun at or ridicule
another work 2. to poke fun at someone or something
participate: 1. to be involved in something 2. to take part
partisan: 1. strongly prejudiced in favor of something 2. one-sided or partial 3. someone
who is devoted to a political party
passive: 1. inactive 2. complacent 3. submissive 4. inert
pathos: 1. sadness or pity 2. the quality of something, such as a work of art, which arouses
emotions such as pity or sadness
patron: 1. a person who supports a group, activity or organization by donating money to
them; a benefactor 2. a regular or frequent customer
pedestrian: 1. ordinary; dull 2. commonplace 3. undistinguished
pensive: 1. contemplative 2. appearing as if lost in thought, especially about something
serious or sad 3. thoughtful
perceive: 1. to become aware of 2. to observe; to notice
percent: 1. out of one hundred 2. a part of one hundred
period: 1. an interval or length of time 2. a full stop
persist: 1. to persevere 2. to continue despite difficulty 3. to stand firm
persistent: 1. unending; unstopping 2. constant 3. stubborn; not willing to give up
perspective: 1. a vista or view 2. a way of looking at or examining something 3. an outlook
pertinent: 1. relevant to the topic at hand 2. logically related to the matter 3. fitting
phase: 1. a stage (of time) 2. a period of time in a person's life
phenomenon: 1. an extraordinary person or thing 2. an observable fact or occurrence 3.
something remarkable
philosophy: 1. the study of human morals and behavior 2. ideas and theories about
something 3. the way someone thinks about life 4. a theory or belief that guides someone's
behavior
physical: 1. related to the body 2. related to something one can see and touch; tangible
piety: 1. devoutness, love or reverence to God 2. devoutness shown through actions or
one's daily life
pinnacle: 1. the peak 2. the highest point 3. a tall and pointed formation 4. the most
important or successful part of a person's life
pivotal: 1. of extreme importance 2. critical; crucial 3. significant
placid: 1. peaceful and undisturbed 2. serene, with a lack of movement or activity 3.
showing calm
platitude: 1. a trite, dull or unoriginal saying that is considered common information,
despite the remark being said as if it were original information 2. absence of originality
plausible: something that is credible and possibly true
pliable: 1. malleable 2. flexible 3. easy to manipulate into other shapes
Page 27 of 39
plumage: 1. the feathers of a bird (collectively) 2. elaborate costume or dress
plummet: 1. to fall suddenly or drastically 2. to plunge
plus: 1. positive 2. higher than 3. extra or added
policy: 1. a course of action decided upon by an organization, a group of people, a
government or a political party 2. guidelines
ponderous: 1. slow and clumsy because of great weight or size 2. very boring or dull 3. that
seems heavy; bulky; massive
portion: 1. a small part or section of something whole; a piece 2. the specific amount of
food given to someone
pose: 1. to take on a posture for artistic purposes 2. to formally ask a question 3. to cause a
problem 4. to impersonate someone
positive: 1. extremely certain, without any doubt 2. more than zero 3. hopeful or giving
reasons to be so
posterity: 1. future generations 2. one's descendants
posthumous: 1. taking place after death 2. published after death
potent: 1. extremely powerful or effective 2. influential 3. possessing great authority or
power
potential: 1. possible 2. able to occur 3. capable of developing or happening
practitioner: 1. a person engaged in a specific practice, such as medicine or law 2. a
professional
pragmatic: dealing or concerned with facts or actual practice in a reasonable and logical
way instead of depending on ideas, theories or speculation; practical
precarious: 1. something that is not certain 2. risky or subject to chance 3. something
which lacks security and is in a possibly dangerous situation
precede: 1. to exist before something 2. to come before 3. to have a higher rank than
someone
precedent: 1. a practice or act in the past which is used to justify a similar practice in the
present
preceding: 1. before 2. prior to
precipice: 1. a very steep side of a mountain or cliff, typically a tall one 2. a dangerous
situation that could lead to harm or failure 3. a very dangerous situation
precipitate: 1. cause (something) to happen quickly, suddenly, unexpectedly, or
prematurely before expected, warranted, needed, or desired 2. throw headlong; hurl
downward 3. fall; fall downward suddenly and dramatically
precise: 1. accurate; exact 2. meticulous or exacting
predecessor: 1. the previous occupant of a post or a role 2. something that comes before
another related thing
predict: 1. to say that something is going to happen before it actually does 2. to foretell 3.
to announce in advance
predominant: 1. the most powerful 2. the most common 3. superior or supreme
Page 28 of 39
predominantly: 1. chiefly 2. mainly 3. principally
preliminary: 1. introductory 2. leading up to the main event or thing
prerogative: 1. a privilege or something that one is permitted to do that others aren't 2. an
advantage 3. a right
presumption: 1. the act of assuming 2. something assumed 3. the act of believing
something without seeing proof
pretentious: trying to appear or sound as more impressive, successful, or important than
someone really is, especially in matters of art and literature
pretext: a false reason or motive that you pretend to have in order to hide your real reason
or motive for doing something; excuse
previous: 1. anterior 2. something coming or occurring before another event 3. prior
primary: 1. fundamental; principal 2. basic 3. essential 4. happening first
prime: 1. chief 2. most important 3. of the highest quality
principal: 1. most important 2. main 3. first in rank or order
principle: 1. a basic rule or law 2. a standard of behavior or morals
prior: 1. coming before 2. preceding 3. previous or former
priority: 1. something that is considered to be extremely important and has the ability to
take place before other things 2. possessing the right to come before others
procedure: 1. a way of doing something 2. a medical treatment 3. course of action
process: 1. a series of happenings or actions that lead to a specific result 2. a naturally
occurring series of changes
procure: 1. obtain something, especially with care, effort, or difficulty 2. obtain (a sexual
partner, especially woman) for another, for the purpose of prostitution
prodigious: 1. very great or impressive in size, force, or extent; enormous 2. extraordinary;
marvelous; wonderful; amazing
profane: 1. to defile 2. to show a lack of respect for objects considered to be sacred or holy
3. to violate
professional: 1. relating to or suitable for a specific profession 2. performing an activity to
earn money instead of to relax or have fun 3. possessing the necessary qualities
profound: 1. very deep 2. (of a state, quality, or emotion) very great 3. (of a disease or
disability) very severe 4. (of a subject or idea) intellectually deep; entering far into subjects
5. (of a person or statement) having or showing deep thought or wisdom
profuse: 1. created or given in large amounts; generous 2. plentiful 3. given abundantly or
magnanimously
prohibit: 1. to forbid or ban 2. to not allow or permit 3. to officially ban
project: 1. a scheme or a plan 2. a proposal 3. a task which requires work to be done
prolific: 1. producing a large amount of something, especially fruit, offspring or works 2.
bountiful, fruitful or productive
promote: 1. to raise in rank 2. to encourage or support 3. to encourage people to buy
something 4. to give publicity to
Page 29 of 39
proportion: 1. the amount of something in relation to the whole 2. the comparative size or
degree 3. the relation between size and number
prospect: 1. the ability to do something, especially in the future 2. a possibility 3. chances
or opportunities for success
prospective: 1. something in the future that is expected or predicted to happen 2. probable
or likely to happen
protocol: 1. the rules and regulations governing certain situations 2. a record of a
transaction 3. a formal diplomatic agreement between two or more countries
provocative: 1. provoking or tending to provoke, as to action, thought, feeling, etc.;
inciting, stimulating, irritating, or vexing 2. causing people to become sexually excited
prudent: 1. careful, and using good judgment in practical matters 2. careful in regard to
one's own interests; provident 3. cautious or discreet in conduct; circumspect; not rash
psychology: 1. the study of the human mind and human behavior
publication: 1. something that's been published; printed matter 2. the process or act of
making a book, magazine or newspaper available to the public
publish: 1. to make a document available in digital or print format 2. to make something
public or known
purchase: 1. an object that has been bought 2. the act of buying something
pursue: 1. to follow someone or something 2. to hunt for or look for
quaint: 1. picturesque 2. old-fashioned 3. interesting or appealing yet quirky in an old-
fashioned way
qualitative: 1. relating to the quality of something
quarry: 1. an open-air pit from which rock is excavated 2. a person or animal being hunted
or searched for
quotation: 1. specific words that have been directly taken from a certain source 2. the act
of using someone else's words
radical: 1. extreme; drastic 2. supporting drastic changes 3. very important 4. new and
different
ramble: 1. to walk about or move about in an aimless manner 2. to follow a winding path 3.
to write or talk in an aimless, uncontrolled manner 4. to stroll or walk for pleasure
rampant: (of something bad) growing, happening, or spreading quickly and in an
uncontrolled way
random: 1. possessing no specific plan or structure 2. done by chance
range: 1. a set of things that are similar 2. the upper and lower limits 3. the period of time
in which something can happen
ratify: (especially of governments or organizations) make (a treaty, contract, or agreement)
official by signing it or formally accepting it
ratio: 1. a rate 2. the relationship between two numbers or amounts
rational: 1. logical 2. using reason to make decisions or act 3. sensible
raze: 1. completely destroy a city, building, etc. 2. scrape or shave off; erase
Page 30 of 39
reap: 1. cut (wheat, rye, etc.) with a scythe, sickle, or reaping machine 2. gather or take (a
crop, harvest, etc.) by cutting 3. gain or obtain as the reward of ones own or anothers
action, conduct, work, etc.
receptacle: 1. any container or device for holding substances or objects 2. a vessel used to
hold things
rectify: 1. correct (something that is wrong) or make something right or better 2. correct by
calculation or adjustment
redundant: 1. superfluous 2. unnecessarily wordy 3. not needed
referendum: 1. a direct vote in which the general public votes on the answer to a specific
question or issue 2. a note or letter from a diplomat to his or her home country, asking for
instructions
refine: 1. to purify; to take impurities out of something 2. to make changes in order to
improve something
regime: 1. a government that is currently in power 2. a system of rules 3. a political system
4. a management system
region: 1. a specific part of the world; a large area of land where the people or land
possesses similar characteristics 2. a district 3. a part of the body
regulate: 1. to create and impose rules for something 2. to adjust to ensure accuracy 3. to
control; to manage
reinforce: 1. to make something stronger 2. to enhance something 3. to support an idea by
giving evidence or reasons
relaxed: 1. not strict 2. free 3. calm 4. informal
release: 1. to let go or free 2. to emancipate 3. to allow something to flow freely 4. to make
information available to the public
relevant: 1. related to the issue being discussed or debated 2. pertinent 3. connected to an
issue
reliance: 1. a dependence on a specific person or object 2. the act of depending on
someone or something
relinquish: 1. give up (something, such as power, control, or possession), especially when
you do not want to do this; retire from; abandon 2. surrender 3. let go (a grasp, hold, etc.)
reluctance: 1. unwillingness or hesitancy to do something
reluctant: 1. unwilling to do something 2. uneager to do something
remorse: 1. strong pain or sadness about something you have done and feel guilty about 2.
regret
renounce: 1. give up (a claim, right, or possession, etc.), especially by formal
announcement 2. give up (a cause, bad habit, way of life, etc.) voluntarily 3. reject; disown
renovation: 1. restore to an earlier condition by making changes and repairs, especially an
old house, building, room, etc. 2. reinvigorate; refresh; revive
reproach: express disapproval of, criticism of, or disappointment in (someone), especially
for not being successful or not doing what is expected
research: 1. to investigate 2. to make inquiries in order to find out information 3. to
carefully study something in order to find out new information
Page 31 of 39
reside: 1. to inhabit 2. to live in a certain place 3. to exist
resident: 1. someone who lives in a certain place or region 2. an inhabitant
resignation: 1. the act of leaving a job or position by formally resigning 2. the formal, often
written, declaration that one is leaving a job or post
resolution: 1. a decision that is made by a group through a voting process 2. a personal
promise to oneself 3. a formal statement of intent or opinion
resolve: 1. firm or strong determination 2. a resolution made by a legislative body; a ruling
resonant: 1. prompting thoughts of a similar experience 2. loud, clear, or deep 3. enduring
4. echoing
resource: 1. material used to do or make something 2. a supply of something that can be
used when required 3. a country's tools for generating wealth
restore: 1. to bring something back to its original condition 2. to make something new
again
restrain: 1. to hold back or put limits on someone or something 2. to curb 3. to keep under
control
restrict: 1. to limit 2. to physically confine 3. to keep under control
retain: 1. to remember information 2. to hold or keep someone or something 3. to hire
someone by paying them an initial fee
reticent: 1. not willing to tell people about one's thoughts, feelings, and personal affairs 2.
uncommunicative, restrained, or reserved in style 3. reluctant; unwilling
revenue: 1. income 2. money that an organization, government or company receives from
different sources
reverent: feeling, showing, or characterized by great respect and admiration; deeply
respectful
reverse: 1. to overturn 2. to send in the opposite direction 3. to move backwards
revise: 1. to check something and make changes to make sure that it is acceptable 2. to
change or amend 3. to alter
revision: 1. a modification or edit of something 2. the act of looking over something that
one has done
revolution: 1. a huge change in something, such as a political organization or country 2.
the circular movement around a certain celestial body 3. a complete cycle 4. a very
important change in the way people act
rhetoric: 1. a style of speaking or writing that is intended to influence people and that may
not be honest or reasonable 2. the art, skill, or study of using language formally and
effectively in speaking or writing
rhetorical: of, relating to, or concerned with the art of speaking or writing that is effective
or intended to influence, persuade, or impress people and that may not be honest or
reasonable
rigid: 1. stiff 2. hard 3. unyielding or not able to be bent 4. unable to be changed or
modified
robust: 1. healthy 2. hardy or strong 3. sturdy and able to withstand detrimental conditions
4. successful
Page 32 of 39
role: 1. the part that a performer in theater acts out 2. one's proper function in society 3. a
person's function
rouse: 1. wake (someone) from sleep 2. cause (someone who is tired, lazy, or unwilling to
do something) to become active 3. make angry or excited, as to anger or action; stir up 4.
(nautical) pull or haul strongly and all together, especially by hand
route: 1. a course or path of travel 2. a course that certain forms of transport follow
habitually 3. a way of achieving something
sanction: 1. official permission or approval, as for an action 2. a threat to punish someone
for breaking a law or rule 3. an official order, such as the limiting or stopping of trade, that is
taken against a country in order to force it to obey international laws
saturate: 1. make something completely wet with water or other liquid so that no more can
be absorbed 2. cause (a substance) to combine with, dissolve, or hold the greatest possible
amount of another substance
scale: 1. to climb a surface that is steep 2. to set something according to a scale or measure
something by a scale 3. to remove something in layers or scales
scapegoat: 1. a person who is blamed in place of others for something that is not their fault
or doing
scenario: 1. a possible situation 2. a written description or outline of a play, movie or other
theater-based work
schedule: 1. to arrange for something; to make arrangements 2. to plan for something 3. to
make plans
scheme: 1. an elaborate plan that is devised in order to gain something and, often, trick
people 2. an official plan
scope: the range of one's perceptions, thoughts, or actions; extent; bound
scrupulous: 1. very careful about doing something correctly, giving a lot of attention to
details 2. careful about doing what is honest and morally right
section: 1. a piece of something 2. a part of a whole object 3. a smaller part of a book or a
newspaper
sector: 1. a division of a society or an economy 2. a part of something that is different from
others
security: 1. safety 2. a general freedom from risks
select: 1. preferred 2. of a special value or importance 3. exclusive 4. discriminating 5. only
the best
sequence: 1. the order or pattern in which things happen or take place 2. a set of things
that is put in a specific order
serene: 1. tranquil, peaceful or calm 2. bright or clear 3. untroubled or unaffected
series: 1. a sequence of things 2. a set of related objects 3. a collection of episodes of a
television show that use the same characters in different situations
shift: 1. a slight change in something 2. a change 3. a period of approximately eight hours
during which workers perform their jobs
shrewd: having or showing sharp powers to understand things and to make good
judgments in practical affairs; astute
Page 33 of 39
significant: 1. quite important 2. suggesting or showing a meaning 3. noticeable or
detectable 4. noteworthy
similar: 1. related to something else 2. nearly the same, but not exactly the same 3.
comparable
simulate: 1. to reproduce a situation 2. to feign 3. to do something that looks as if it is real
when it truly is not
site: 1. a place where something can be found or where something is located
skeptical: 1. having, showing or marked by doubt 2. doubting 3. questioning
sole: 1. the bottom part of a foot or shoe 2. the bottom part of an object such as a golf club
or a plow
solely: 1. exclusively 2. alone; not involving anyone or anything else 3. exclusively
somewhat: 1. slightly 2. a little bit 3. to a certain degree
source: 1. the place in which something originates or which someone comes from 2. a point
or place of origin 3. a person who provides information
sparse: 1. not dense or thick 2. small in amount and not dense or crowded 3. scanty
specific: 1. clear and precise 2. special 3. particular; relating to one specific person, group
or thing 4. unique
specified: 1. defined 2. thoroughly commented or explained 3. expressly stated
specify: 1. to designate 2. to state in an explicit manner 3. to be specific
sphere: 1. a globe; a ball shaped object 2. an area of knowledge, study or expertise
spontaneous: 1. happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without being planned
or thought about 2. growing without cultivation or human labor, as plants and fruits
sporadic: 1. occurring at irregular intervals; not constant or regular; patternless 2.
appearing singly or at widely scattered localities, as a plant or disease
stability: 1. balance 2. firmness of position 2. being unlikely to change
stagnant: 1. (of water or air ) not flowing or moving, and often smells bad 2. not active,
changing, or progressing
stark: 1. very obvious; very plain and easily seen; unpleasantly or sharply clear 2. complete;
absolute; full; perfect; entire 3. unpleasant and difficult to accept or experience; severe;
violent; fierce
static: not moving, acting, or progressing, especially in an undesirable or uninteresting way
statistic: 1. a numerical fact 2. the use of numbers to explain a situation
statistics: 1. a field of study that collects and analyzes data 2. the data collected and what
it means
status: 1. one's standing in relation to others 2. one's position in society 3. a state of things
or events
steadfast: 1. very committed or loyal to a person, belief, or cause 2. not changing, fickle, or
wavering; constant
stereotype: 1. an oversimplified way of looking at something 2. a simple and unwavering
idea about what a certain person or group of people are like
Page 34 of 39
straightforward: 1. clear and easy to understand 2. frank; honest 3. direct
stress: 1. the pressure exerted on a physical object 2. emotional stress or anxiety caused by
a difficult situation 3. emphasis placed on something
stringent: 1. strict, rigid 2. binding 3. constraining 4. extremely limiting
structure: 1. a free-standing building made from different parts 2. the way in which
something is organized 3. the quality of being organized
submit: 1. to hand in or present something to a teacher, boss or other other person 2. to
permit someone to exercise control over you 3. to surrender to authority
subordinate: 1. from a lower rank or position 2. inferior 3. less important
subsequent: 1. following 2. succeeding 3. happening after something else
subsidiary: 1. secondary 2. used to supplement something or someone 3. auxiliary
subsidy: 1. money that a government gives a group to help it 2. financial assistance
substantiate: 1. support with proof or evidence 2. give concrete form or body to; convert
into substance; embody 3. give substance to; make real or actual
successive: 1. consecutive 2. following 3. sequential
successor: 1. a person who takes over for another person after they have left 2. someone
or something that follows another
succinct: 1. concise and clearly expressed 2. expressed in a short and easy to understand
way
sufficient: 1. enough as necessary 2. adequate
sum: 1. the total of a calculation 2. an amount of money 3. the total amount of something in
existence
summary: 1. an explanation of something giving the main points or ideas of the original
document or argument 2. a recapitulation
superficial: 1. being at, on, or near the surface 2. shallow; not profound or thorough
superfluous: being more than is needed, useful, or wanted; surplus; excessive
supplement: 1. to add to something, especially in order to make up for a deficiency 2. an
addition 3. something added to make something complete
supplementary: 1. used in order to complete something 2. additional
suppress: 1. end or stop (something) by force 2. keep (something) secret; keep from
appearing or being known, published, etc. 3. stop yourself feeling, showing, or being
affected by an emotion
survey: 1. a poll used to measure public opinion or the incidence of something in a society
2. an examination of a subject or a situation 3. a careful examination of land in order to map
it
survive: 1. to live through an event 2. to stay alive 3. to continue to exist 4. to outlive
someone
susceptible: 1. easily influenced or harmed by something 2. (of a person) easily affected
emotionally; sensitive 3. a person who is vulnerable to being infected by a certain disease,
or to be affected by it more severely than others are
Page 35 of 39
suspend: 1. to delay something 2. to postpone 3. to stop something temporarily or
permanently 4. to hang something in the air
sustain: 1. to bear or to hold 2. to support 3. to keep something alive 4. to provide for 5. to
deal with
tacit: 1. expressed or understood without being directly said or expressed; implied 2.
unspoken; silent
tangible: 1. palpable 2. able to be felt or touched 3. real
target: 1. a goal 2. an object that is shot at 3. an objective 4. something that one wants to
achieve
task: 1. to assign a job to someone 2. to place a burden on someone
tawdry: 1. unpleasant or immoral 2. cheap and clearly of bad quality 3. gaudy
team: 1. a group of people that work toward a common goal 2. two or more animals that
work together to pull something
technical: 1. mechanical 2. specialized 3. having or requiring specialized knowledge
technology: 1. the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, with special reference
to its use in industry 2. applied sciences
teem: 1. be full of things; abound or swarm; move in large numbers 2. be present in large
quantity
temperate: 1. emotionally calm and controlled 2. not extreme in behavior or language 3.
(of weather conditions) neither very hot nor very cold
temporary: 1. limited 2. not lasting or permanent 3. passing 4. brief
tenacious: 1. holding firmly 2. that clings; adhesive; sticky 3. holding together firmly;
cohesive 4. very determined to do something; persistent; stubborn
tension: 1. a feeling of nervousness before something 2. a feeling of anger or hostility
between two or more people 3. the degree to which a string, rope or wire is tensed
tentative: 1. provisional 2. not fixed or positive 3. experimental 4. hesitant or without
confidence; uncertain
terminate: 1. to stop 2. to put an end to 3. to sack or fire 4. to conclude
termination: 1. the conclusion to or end of something 2. the act of ending something
terse: 1. short or curt, often in a way that is interpreted as unfriendly 2. concise and to the
point
text: 1. a piece of writing such as a book 2. all the words that were said in a speech 3.
written words
theme: 1. the topic or subject discussed in a book, essay, conversation, debate, etc. 2. a
subject that is brought up frequently 3. the style upon which something is based
theory: 1. a hypothesis 2. an idea that tries to explain something 3. an idea used to justify
or explain something
thereby: 1. because of 2. thus 3. as a result
thesis: 1. the subject to be written about or debated in an essay 2. a long study written
while one is studying one's doctoral degree 3. the main idea of a written work
Page 36 of 39
topic: 1. a subject that is currently being examined or discussed in a conversation, book,
essay, article, etc. 2. a theme
trace: 1. to follow or to track 2. to find the starting point of something 3. to copy a drawing
by placing a piece of paper over the original and following the lines one can see through the
paper
transfer: 1. moving something from one place to another 2. an exchange 3. giving property
or financial holdings to another person
transform: 1. to change something 2. to convert 3. to totally change something in an
attempt to make it more attractive or improve it
transformation: 1. a major change in something or someone 2. a change into something
entirely different 3. the process of changing into something totally different
transgress: 1. to surpass the limits of what is considered by society to be acceptable 2. to
sin 3. to go beyond
transit: 1. the act of passing through a certain location 2. a public system of transportation
3. the act of moving people or goods from one place to another
transition: 1. the conversion from one state to another 2. to cause someone or something
to convert from one state to another
transmission: 1. the act of sending out a message or broadcasting a message 2. the act of
passing something from one person to another
transmit: 1. to convey 2. to send across 3. to communicate or broadcast 4. to give a virus
or illness to others 5. to pass from one person to another
transmute: 1. to transform 2. to convert from one form or state into another 3. to cause
something to convert into something else
transport: 1. to carry something 2. to bring something from one point to another 3. to
move goods or people using vehicles
traverse: 1. to move across or through 2. to cross 3. to extend across
treatise: a formal, usually lengthy, book or piece of writing about a particular subject
trend: 1. the general direction in which something is moving or the way people are
behaving 2. a fashion 3. a tendency
trigger: 1. to bring about 2. to cause 3. to set something off 4. to make something happen
trivial: 1. of no real importance 2. ordinary 3. insignificant or minor
truant: 1. a student who avoids school without permission 2. a lazy person 3. a person who
avoids or neglects his or her work duties
tumult: 1. a loud noise that is produced by a large group of people 2. a violent or turbulent
uprising; a riot 3. confusion
ultimately: 1. finally 2. in the end 3. at last
undergo: 1. to go through a certain procedure or experience 2. to experience something 3.
to endure 4. to suffer something
underlie: 1. to serve as a basis for 2. to be a strong influence on 3. to be situated below
something
underlying: 1. fundamental 2. lying beneath 3. basic
Page 37 of 39
undertake: 1. to agree to do something 2. to begin something, especially a long and
difficult process 3. to pledge to do something
ungainly: (of a person or movement) awkward; clumsy; not moving in an attractive or
graceful way
uniform: 1. a set of clothes that must be worn to be in a specific school or do a specific job
2. an outfit worn by people from a same school or doing the same job
unify: 1. to join two or more units together in order to create a newer, larger unit 2. to
combine 3. to consolidate
unique: 1. special 2. being the only one of its kind 3. unparalleled 4. extraordinary
utilise: 1. to employ something 2. to use something 3. to put to use for a specific purpose
utility: 1. a public service 2. something useful to the public 3. usefulness
utter: Complete
validity: 1. well grounded 2. the state of being valid 3. having legal force
vary: 1. to change 2. to fluctuate 3. to alter 4. to differ
vehement: 1. powerful 2. forceful 3. intense; impassioned 4. expressing strong feelings and
great energy
vehicle: 1. any device which is used to transport one or more people around 2. a means or
way of expressing a certain idea
venerable: deserving respect, especially because of age, wisdom, character, long use, etc.
venerate: regard or treat (someone or something ) with great respect
version: 1. an individual's view about something that happened 2. an adaptation 3. a form
of a book or other object that is slightly different from other books or objects
vex: make someone angry, annoyed, confused, or worried, especially with trivial matters
via: 1. by way of or through
vigilant: carefully watchful and alert to detect and avoid possible danger or difficulties
vindicate: 1. clear from criticism, blame, guilt, suspicion, etc. with supporting arguments or
proof 2. defend or maintain (a cause, claim, etc.) against opposition
violate: 1. to infringe on 2. to profane 3. to break a promise or a law 4. to do harm
virtual: 1. not existing in the real, physical world 2. created by a computer or the internet 3.
nearly (the thing mentioned) 4. imaginary
virtually: 1. essentially 2. almost 3. just about
visible: 1. able to be seen 2. frequently seen in public; conspicuous 3. obvious
vision: 1. sight 2. the ability to see 3. a mental image 4. something or someone considered
to be extremely beautiful
visual: 1. capable of being seen with one's naked eye 2. related to sight 3. relating to things
that can be seen
vocation: a particular occupation, business, or profession, especially one for which a person
is particularly suited or qualified
Page 38 of 39
volatile: 1. (of a substance) vaporizing or evaporating quickly 2. likely to change suddenly
and unexpectedly or suddenly become violent or angry; unstable; explosive
volume: 1. the amount of space taken up by something 2. an amount of something 3. the
sound level
voluntary: 1. not obligatory 2. unenforced 3. given or done by choice
wane: 1. to decline in power 2. to lose strength or intensity 3. to approach the end 4. to ebb
or dwindle
wary: cautious or nervous about possible dangers or problems; watchful
waver: 1. be undecided between two opinions, possibilities, or courses of action or you keep
choosing one way and then the other 2. become unsteady because of weakness, emotion,
tiredness, etc.
wax: 1. to get larger or increase in size 2. to become stronger 3. to put wax on a surface 4.
to express oneself
welfare: 1. the well-being of a person or people 2. financial aid from a government to a
person in need
whereas: 1. in contrast to the fact that 2. although 3. since
whereby: 1. by which
widespread: 1. able to be found in many different locations 2. extensive 3. popular 4.
occupying a wide space
wretched: 1. very unpleasant, unhappy, ill, or unfortunate state or in very bad condition 2.
poor in quality or ability; very inferior
zeal: great energy, effort, and enthusiasm, as in working for a person, cause, or object
Page 39 of 39

PTE Vocabulary - The Complete Vocabulary List

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PTE Vocabulary - The Complete Vocabulary List

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PTE Vocabulary - The Complete Vocabulary List,

You might also like