Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapters 2 5
Chapters 2 5
The literature and studies reviewed and presented provided the researchers
understanding on how to go about the present study. Though, there were limited
resources for both related literature and studies. It is hoped that the conduct of this
Local literature
Law enforcement is vital in the stability and progress of all nations. There are
laws that create the Philippine National Police in providing security and visibility in our
country.
The RA 6975 was signed on December 13, 1990 by former president Corazon
Aquino. This law was called “AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
national police and the reorganization of the department of the interior and local
government in keeping with the mandated of our constitution for a police force that
The RA 8551 was signed on February 25, 1998. This law was called “AN ACT
1
POLICE UNDER A RE-ORGANIZED DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL
our country. High police visibility discourages criminals normally, criminals think twice
before executing their plans if there is obvious presence of police officers. This practices
(PNP), ordered all policemen doing office work to go out and render at least four hours
before they go to the office and before they go home,” said Bartolome. The target time
will be from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. in the morning and from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. in
the afternoon. According to Bartolome, the PNP objective is to make use of that time on
matters that need the police concerns most, which is patrolling the streets”. It was
implemented by Bartolome in Metro Manila while he was director of the National Capital
After the assessment that it was effective, Bartolome said he wants to implement
it across the country because aside from policemen doing office work, he said some
He, however, clarified that only those assigned in areas where the threat of big
rebel groups like communist and Moro rebels will be tapped for patrol. “Some of those
assigned in internal security operations will be used for visibility because we all know
Moreover, Abat (2013) stated that in Davao City, the police station is increasing
police visibility in communities to reduce the numbers of crimes. Most of the policemen
2
are outside for advocacy programs and to maximize visibility. And also don’t let the ride
in a mobile since mostly they are on foot patrol to observe more the community safety,
this way they could easily establish connection with the community against criminal
area of their responsibilities to make sure that they are safe by the police force.
Hence, Rińen (2014), stated that Cebu City is further strengthening police
visibility in public areas where implemented by the police as part of their strategy to
System (MCCDS) which in this program they will maximize police visibility out in the
streets to prevent crimes from happening and witness more augmentation of policemen
out in the streets in beat, foot, and mobile in covert operations. “The response to street
crimes is always police presence”, apart from increasing the number of policemen in
foot and mobile patrols, other strategies that will be employed the establishment of
checkpoints, deployment of covert personnel and with all these done in random manner.
Some of the study focuses on police visibility just like, Rińen (2014), statement
that Cebu City is further strengthening police visibility in public areas where
implemented by the police as part of their strategy to lower street crimes in program
program they will maximize police visibility out in the streets to prevent crimes from
happening and witness more augmentation of policemen out in the streets in beat, foot,
and mobile in covert operations. “The response to street crimes is always police
presence”, apart from increasing the number of policemen in foot and mobile patrols,
3
Reviewed studies and literature are all commonly concerned about the patrol
programs held in order to prevent crime and to strengthen the relationship between the
community and the law enforcers because of police visibility. But there will be some that
Police officers have only a set of narrowly defined objectives- and a body of law
that is continually subjected to revision and interpretation - to guide them. Given the
urgency of the plight in which police usually find themselves, it is a wonder that the
police are able to perform their duties with as little controversy as they do. There is no
question that many times police are forced to act intuitively. Yet, this is not the
characterization of police that is rendered to the public. Police work is rarely presented
to the public in a positive light. The mainstream liberal media seem to think that police
The thousands of acts each day that police officers perform are rarely
recognized. Groups that profit from police controversies begin campaigns demonizing
police. Their propaganda campaign is used to discredit the police and simple errors
perception as the difference between an absolute truth based on facts and a virtual truth
and even police organizations faced the same scrutiny by the public they serve, and it
4
supports and trust thus, it has adopted the ideals of a strong police-community relation.
However, while the programs are ideal, attitudinal problems of some police personnel
with systems that fail due largely, to the inability of Chiefs of Police (COPs) to optimize
utilization of human and material resources. This is aggravated by a bad work culture
and work habits of police elements at the station. Among these are the 1-day-duty-one-
wealthy businessman, details to secure vital installations that are not public corporation,
etc. Programs on police-community relations and peace and order also fail because of
the mindset of some police officers that is not consistent with the intent of the framers of
the PNP law. There is also a perception of poor leadership ability of small unit leaders
who, despite appropriate training, have not learned how to exercise small unit
management.
victimization or violent crimes, reduced crime rates, and have provided safer
environments.
Therefore, safety is a freedom from harm or danger and the state of being safe
which every person assures in the place they were living and for their daily lives. People
need to feel safe at all times under any circumstances. It does not matter if you are at
assistance. Police visibility became a most powerful tool of the Philippine national police
5
In determining the age or the maturity of the respondents, it is important to
exclude those immature peaple in order to obtain better information from them.
adolescence; it is the categories of emotional and social development that are of most
Development of those areas of the brain concerned with higher order cognitive
processes and executive functions, including control of impulses and regulation and
interpretation of emotions, continues into early adulthood; the human brain is not
Foreign Setting
In every states there will always be different methods or programs established for
the safety of everybody, most especially in the prevention of crimes in order to maintain
peace and order. The high visibility of the police is the major requirement for the
community to stay at peace and the most common police operation of the law enforcers.
Edward Davis, the Chief of Police of California from 1969-1978, postulated that
the ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of
police existence, actions, behavior, and the ability of the police to secure and maintain
public respect. The police feels public acceptance when its existence, actions and
behavior are not routinely criticized, maligned, or branded with unacceptable languages
6
environment. The need for public acceptance is imperative as it will truly be difficult for
police officers to work under a stressful scenario as it can also spark human emotions
According to Levinson (2004), “the patrol exercise is not only limited to crime
control but also provide visibility to reduce the fear within the neighbourhood”. This
builds stronger relationship between police and community and wins the resident trust.
Therefore, patrolling is one way of securing, protecting, preserving the life and property
The utilization of police resources for random preventive patrol activities is,
that targeted preventive activities in strategic zones where the majority of crimes occur,
strategically defined goals are utilized, is far more effective in reducing crime (Sherman
According to the research (Bohm & Haley, 2005), law enforcement is locally
controlled and structurally decentralized so that each department is responsible for the
policies and procedures that govern how the organization will carry out its statutory
duties to serve the community. The major functions of a police department include the
following: protect life and property; enforce the laws; prevent crime; preserve the peace;
arrest violators; and serve the public. Local, county and state governments, as well as
the federal government, enact laws that give authority to the individual agencies to carry
out these assigned duties. Crime control, one of the primary duties of law enforcement,
is carried out through the services of patrol officers and criminal investigators.
7
Police departments must provide service to the community often with limited
the first officer arriving on the scene is usually the patrol officer in whose district the
incident occurred (Adams, 2001). It is logical therefore that the first responding patrol
officer would be in the best position to gather valuable and timely information about the
chances for the case to be closed at, or shortly after, the first contact with the scene
(McDevitt, 2005).
The likelihood that a crime is detected and its offender charged is a central
component of the standard economic model of crime. The economics literature has
barely devoted any attention to studying the determinants of crime detection in detail.
While the institution with the responsibility for crime detection, the police, has been the
focus of much recent work, most such efforts have been directed to studying its reduced
form effect on crime. Typical approaches include examining whether police numbers,
police composition or high visibility patrolling are associated with lower crime rates. The
implicit assumption is that a change in these variables can lead to higher chances of
incapacitation effect over longer horizons. However, very little work has examined
directly whether the police can actually increase the detection rate with either higher
numbers or, especially, with different operational practices (Di Tella and Schargrodsky
The most important and most controversial instrument used by police forces to
8
rapid response policing seems self-evident. By arriving more quickly, police officers
should be able to arrest any suspect and/or prevent the destruction or contamination of
physical evidence. Arriving at the crime scene relatively quickly should, however, allow
an officer to find witnesses to the crime, question them before their recollections worsen
and encourage witness and victim cooperation by signaling efficiency and dedication.
Moreover, suspect will be named relatively more often when the police are faster in
According to the research, (UN, 2004 and Ekablom, 2005), the meaning of crime
prevention is the act of reducing the opportunity to commit crime it entails any action
designed to reduce the actual level of crime and the fear of crime. This prevention
abandoned buildings and broken down cars which can be used as a cover for criminals,
second crime prevention for example prediction and identification of spotted places,
people and environment that may influence crime to occur, and take measure for the
prevention for example, setting security cameras, alarm systems, visibility of police
officers for patrolling, this make offenders to be afraid of being arrested when
committing crime. Tertiary crime prevention, this focuses on prevention after a crime has
occurred for example arresting the offenders soon after the crime and send them to the
court of law.
Michael (2005) stated that crime is one of the main threats to public and individual
safety, and is an obstacle for social, political, and economic development worldwide. In
hardship, religious beliefs, and need for power, the crime rate in developed and
9
industrialized countries is considered to be higher than under developed countries.
Interpol (2013) also stated that most of the North America Countries, like Canada and
United States, South America countries like Brazil, Argentina Uruguay, Paraguay,
Mexico and Colombia and southern Asia countries, are the leading nations to have high
rate of crime because of highly and organized criminal groups. For example the rate of
crime for those countries for the period of 2013 are, Guatemala 71.31, Honduras 68.32,
Canada 68.70 México 50.40 Elsalvador 64.35, Costa Rica 61.40, United states 50.15,
Venezuela 81.50, Afghanistan 82.51, Pakistan 63.75, also the kind of crimes which are
common in those countries are, fraud, money laundering, homicide, motor vehicle theft,
cyber crime, house breaking, kidnapping, robbery, terrorism, illegal drug business.
common standards for policing on East African, point out the role of the police as:
Protect life, liberty and security of the person, maintain public safety and social peace,
adhere to the rule of law as an essential element to human security, peace and the
promotion of fundamental rights and freedoms. They also argue that, the police will fulfill
their functions in accordance with the rule of law. The police will not arbitrarily arrest or
detain and will only deprive persons of their liberty in accordance with the law, promptly
inform accused persons of the reason for their arrest and any changes brought them –
this must be communicated to the accused persons in a way and manner they
innocence until proven guilty in accordance with the law, ensure that arrested persons
are brought promptly before an authorized and competent judicial authority, ensure that,
upon arrest, detention and charge, there is a presumptive right to bail or bond, ensure
10
It is important to distinguish between the ideas of ‘police’ and ‘policing’. ‘Police’
refers to a particular kind of social institution, while ‘policing’ implies a set of processes
with specific social functions. ‘Police are not found in every society, and police
organizations and personnel can have a variety of shifting forms. ‘Police’, however, is
arguably a necessity in any social order, which may be carried out by a number of
organization of the modern is only one example. The police are agents of the state,
The most popular strand of political economy is the Marxist model. Its main
Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1970). According to Marx, in the social
production of their existence, men inevitably enter into definite relations, which are
production constitutes the economic structure of society, the real foundation, on which
arises a legal and political superstructure and to which correspond definite forms of
social consciousness. The mode of production of material life conditions the general
process of social, political and intellectual life. Marx strongly argued that the economic
structure of society determines the character of the superstructure, which includes the
political, legal, cultural and religious relations, and institutions of society. However, this
does not imply a unidirectional model. Account is also taken of dialectical relations a
form of feedback process in which the superstructure also influences the economic
substructure. (http://repository.out.ac.tz/494/1)
11
Random preventive patrol strategies are based on the idea that visible police
subsequently, the general public’s fear of crime is reduced by that same police
presence. It would be expected, as a result, that crimes that would normally take place
in fairly public areas, such as general property offenses or street crimes, would be
In an intensified drive against criminality, police visibility certainly plays a big role
in maintaining peace and order. The mere presence of a policeman in a busy area
could always deter a criminal from pulling off his trade. That is why patrolling, even in
However, crimes of different types will never succeed if safety measures are put in
place. But how safe a certain place is greatly depends on how the police force works.
This only means maintaining peace and order has become easier with the help
of patrol cars, motorcycles, and street cameras, among others. There is no doubt that
these pieces of equipment are giving the authorities the advantage against criminals.
With all these resources, however, it would still boil down to visibility. The need for
police presence in every street around the city is what counts in the heightened battle
against criminality. A roving police team cannot only deter crime. It can also create a
12
Chapter 3
This chapter contains the discussion of the methods and techniques that were
used in gathering data and other information related to the study. It represents the
research design, the research setting, respondents of the study, the research
Research Design
This study is designed to know the effectiveness of police visibility in the assigned
area for the researchers. It includes the survey conducted in order to know the opinions
of the respondents regarding the police visibility program of Philippine National Police.
The researcher used the descriptive type of writing on this research paper to be able to
understand this study. It is used to obtain information concerning the current status of
The method involved range from the survey which describes the status quo, the
correlation study which investigates the relationship between the variable and the
developmental studies which seek to determine changes over time. It reveals conditions
meeting the existing phenomenon. The survey study was employed to measure the
existing event without inquiring into why it exists. As widely accepted, the descriptive
condition of police visibility. The technique that was used under descriptive method is
the normative survey approach and evaluation, which is commonly used to explore
opinions according to respondents that can represent a whole population. The survey is
generalizations. Specifically, two types of direct-data survey are included in this study.
These are questionnaire survey and interviews. Interviews with the residents in
Barangay Cogon and Carmen randomly. The direct-data type of survey is a reliable
source of first-hand information because the researcher directly interacts with the
participants. The purpose of employing the descriptive method is to describe the nature
of a condition, as it takes place during the time of the study and to explore the cause or
causes of a particular condition. The researcher opted to use this kind of research
considering the desire to acquire first hand data from the respondents so as to
formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study.
Two types of data were used: the primary and the secondary data. The primary
data were derived from the answers respondents gave in the self-administered
questionnaire prepared by the researcher. In addition, the information obtained from the
interview also provided primary research data that supported the study. The secondary
data on the other hand, were derived from the findings stated in published documents
and literatures related to the research problem. These were based from the recent
14
As used in this research, gathered and treated data are about the police visibilty
Research Setting
The research covers the police visibility program of Philippine National Police. In
connection to this, the assigned areas for the survey were Barangay Cogon and
Carmen, Cagayan de Oro City. It covers population of the residents recorded in the
The respondents of this study covers twenty five (25) residents of Barangay
information on this study. But in Barangay Cogon, the researcher interviewed eighteen
(18) street vendors and only seven (7) residents who live in Barangay Cogon because
the researcher were not very familiar with the place. All of these participants were
selected through random sampling. This sampling method is conducted where each
member of a population has an equal opportunity to become part of the sample. As all
Herein, there were fifty (35) participants for the questionnaire survey and fifteen
(15) individuals for the interviews. The respondents were given time to complete the
survey questionnaire upon request. After collecting the questionnaires, the responses
given time according to their convenience. Choices were given for the interviewees who
will answer the interview questions. There were only fifteen (15) participants who were
given a chance to share their time and talk about their opinions related to this study.
Sampling procedure
among respondents of Carmen , Cagayan de oro and another twenty five (25)
distributed to Cogon Cagayan de oro city. For the total of fifty (50) questionnaires have
Research Instrument
that the researchers made were two (2). The first one was designed for the basic
information about the respondents like what is the name, age, and etc. The last one was
designed for the questions about the police visibility relating to the conduct of patrol,
and order.
The researchers gathered information from the Internet, published books and
unpublished theses to choose a topic for research. After deliberation and pieces of
advice from the thesis adviser, the researchers finally had their topic. The researchers
16
began to collect information about the topic and started to construct their statement of
the problem, conceptual framework, and sample questionnaire. These are submitted to
As the survey was conducted, the researchers ask the permission of the
respondents if the researcher could borrow a few minutes to sustain the information
needed for the study through interview. The interview will be related to the study. The
questionnaires will be given to the respondents while the interview is on going. The
respondents were instructed to answer the questions in the questionnaire and will be
given oral instruction if the respondent cannot understand the contents. The information
Statistical treatment
1. Frequency was utilized to trace the profile of the respondents in terms of sex,
17
Chapter 4
This chapter contains how the data were organized, analyzed and interpreted. It
also discusses the implications of the collected data and careful analyses were utilized
to correct the assumptions of the study to actual data gathered based on the stated
Problem No. 1: What are the profile of the respondents according to Age, Gender,
Table 1.1.1 Profile of the Respondents According to Age. (Barangay Carmen Respondents)
years old. Second in number were 19 respondents with a percentage of 25.33% were in
31-40 years old. The respondents who were in 20 below and 41 above have the same
frequency (14) and percentage (18.67%). The table shows that majority (37.33%) of the
respondents were in the ages of 21-30 years old. The table indicates that the
respondents who were in 21-30 years old were more active in answering the questions
18
relating to the Police Visibility Program of the Philippine National Police in Barangay
Carmen.
Table 1.1.2 Profile of the Respondents According to Age. (Barangay Cogon Respondents)
Table 1.1.2 shows that the majority of the respondents were in the ages of 31-40
wherein their frequencies are 29 with the percentage of 38.67%. Second in the number
are the respondents who were in the ages 21-30 with the frequency of 21 respondents
and percentage of 28%. Third in the number are the respondents who were in 20 below
with a frequency of 18 respondents and percentage of 24%. The least are the
respondents who were in the ages 41 above with the frequency of 7 respondents and
percentage of 9.33%. This simply states that the respondents who were in the ages 31-
40 years old were more active in answering the questions relating to the study.
1.2 Gender;
Table 1.2.1 Profile of the Respondents According to Gender. (Barangay Carmen Respondents)
19
Table 1.2.1 shows the profile of the respondents according to gender. It shows in
the table that majority of the respondents were female (54.67%) with a frequency of 41
while the male respondents have the percentage of 45.33% with a frequency of 34. This
simply indicates that there were more females than males in Barangay Carmen.
Table 1.2.2 Profile of the Respondents According to Gender. (Barangay Cogon Respondents)
Table 1.2.2 shows that males were more active in answering the questionnaire
relating to the study with the percentage of 61.33% for males while females have the
percentage of 38.67%.
Table 1.3.1 Profile of the Respondents According Educational Attainment. (Barangay Carmen
Respondents)
Table 1.3.1 shows that the majority of the respondents in terms of educational
attainment were in high school with the frequency of 33 respondents and percentage of
44%. Next are the respondents who were in college with the frequency of 22
20
respondents and percentage of 29.33%. Third in the number are the respondents who
were in vocational course with the frequency of 12 respondents and percentage of 16%.
The least were the respondents who were in elementary with the frequency of 8
respondents and percentage of 10.67%. The table indicates that majority of the
respondents who answered the questionnaires relating to police visibility were from high
Table 1.3.2 Profile of the Respondents According Educational Attainment. (Barangay Cogon Respondents)
Table 1.3.2 shows that the respondents who were in high school have the
greatest number of frequency (36) and percentage (48%). Secondly, the respondents
who were in college have the frequency of 28 respondents and percentage of 37.33%.
Respondents who were in vocational course have the lowest number of frequency (11)
and percentage (14.67%). As for the elementary, there was no respondent at all. The
table simply indicates that the respondents who were in high school were the majority
who answered the questionnaires relating to the police visibility in their barangay.
21
1.4 Civil Status
Table 1.4.1 Profile of the Respondents According to Civil Status. (Barangay Carmen Respondents)
Table 1.4.1 shows that respondents who were married are the majority who
answered the questionnaires related to the study with the frequency of 31 respondents
and percentage of 41.33%. The respondents who were single have the frequency of 20
respondents and percentage of 26.67%. Next are the respondents who were separated
who were divorced have no frequency and percentage at all. This simply indicates that
married respondents were more active in answering the questionnaires related to the
study.
22
Table 1.4.2 Profile of the Respondents According to Civil Status. (Barangay Cogon Respondents)
percentage of 50.67%. The respondents who were single have the frequency of 21
respondents and percentage of 28%. Next are the respondents who were widow have
who were separated have the frequency of 5 and percentage of 6.67%. This simply
indicates that respondents who were married have the greatest weight of percentage.
Problem No. 2: What are the police visibility programs of the Philippine National Police?
23
Table 2.1.1 Distribution of the Respondents According to Conduct of Patrol (Barangay Carmen
Respondents)
Table 2.1.1 shows that the majority (44) were saying they agree in the high
visibility of the police in their barangay with the percentage of 58.67%. In question
number two, majority (37) of the respondents answered strongly agree with the
percentage of 49.33%. For question number three, the majority (44) answered agree
with the percentage of 58.67%. In question number four, the majority (43) answered
agree with the percentage of 57.33%. The last question were answered agree by 41
respondents with the percentage of 54.67%. This simply indicates that the police in
Table 2.1.2 Distribution of the Respondents According to Conduct of Patrol (Barangay Cogon
Respondents)
24
Conduct of Patrol Strongly Strongly Percentage
Agree Disagree
Agree Disagree (%)
1. There is high
visibility of the police
37(49.33%) 24(32%) 14(18.67%) 0(0%) 75 (100%)
on duty in your
barangay.
2. There is a
presence of police
on duty in every 24(32%) 36(48%) 15(20%) 0(0%) 75 (100%)
corner of the
barangay.
3. They are using
equipment in their 31(41.33%) 26(34.67%) 18(24%) 0(0%) 75 (100%)
conduct of patrol.
4. The police on duty
are roaming around 24(32%) 40(53.33%) 11(14.67%) 0(0%) 75 (100%)
your barangay.
5. They are
conducting patrol
35(46.67%) 28(37.33%) 12(16%) 0(0%) 75 (100%)
24/7 in your
barangay.
Table 2.1.2 shows that majority of the respondents in question number one
49.33%. In question number two, majority of the respondents answered agree with the
frequency of 36 respondents and percentage of 48%. For question number three, the
majority answered strongly agree with the frequency of 31 respondents and percentage
of 41%. Next question was answered agree by the majority of respondents with the
answered strongly agree by the respondents with the frequency of 35 respondents and
percentage of 46.67%. The table simply states that the police in Barangay Cogon gave
25
Table 2.2.1 Distribution of the Respondents According to Elimination of Crime (Barangay Carmen
Respondents)
1. The police
visibility helps in the
23(30.67%) 36(48%) 16(21.33%) 0(0%) 75 (100%)
reduction of the
crime.
5. The police
conduct any
program in reducing 32(42.67%) 27(36%) 16(21.33%) 0(0%) 75 (100%)
the crime rate in
your barangay.
Table 2.2.1 shows that in question number one, majority answered agree with the
of the respondents answered strongly agree with the frequency of 53 respondents and
question number four, majority of the respondents answered agree with the frequency of
35 respondents and percentage of 46.67%. for the last question, majority of the
Table 2.2.2 Distribution of the Respondents According to Elimination of Crime (Barangay Cogon
Respondents)
5. The police
conduct any
program in reducing 24(32%) 38(50.67%) 13(17.33%) 0(0%) 75 (100%)
the crime rate in
your barangay.
Table 2.2.2 shows that majority of the respondents answered agree for question
question number two, majority of the respondents answered strongly agree with the
27
and percentage of 46.33%. In question number four, majority of the respondents
For the last question, majority answered agree with the frequency of 38 respondents
and percentage of 50.67%. This simply indicates that police in barangay Cogon should
Carmen Respondents)
with the frequency of 42 respondents and percentage of 56%. In question number two,
28
majority of the respondents answered agree with the frequency of 40 respondents and
percentage of 53.33%. For the question number three, majority of the respondents
answered strongly agree with the frequency of 39 respondents and percentage of 52%.
In question number four, majority answered strongly agree with the frequency of 58
respondents and percentage of 77.33%. For the last question, majority answered agree
with the frequency of 45 respondents and percentage of 60%. The table indicates that
the police in barangay Carmen have a good relation with the community.
Table 2.3.1 Distribution of the Respondents According to Police-Civilian Communication (Barangay Cogon
Respondents)
29
answered strongly agree with the frequency of 46 respondents and percentage of
61.33%. In question number two, majority of the respondents answered agree with the
majority of the respondents answered agree with the frequency of 44 respondents and
strongly agree with the frequency of 57 respondents and percentage of 767%. For the
respondents and percentage of 54.67%. This table indicates that the police in barangay
Table 2.4.1 Distribution of the Respondents According to Time Respond. (Barangay Carmen
Respondents)
1.The police
respond
23(30.67%) 37(49.33%) 15(20%) 0 (0%) 75 (100%)
immediately to any
calls from civilian.
30
reported incident.
Table 2.4.1 shows that majority of the respondents in question number one
question number two, majority of the respondents answered agree with the frequency of
39 respondents and percentage of 52%. For question number three, majority of the
46.67%. In question number four, majority of the respondents answered agree with the
frequency of 45 respondents and percentage of 60%. For the last question, majority of
percentage of 46.67%. The table states that the police in barangay Carmen should
31
Table 2.4.2 Distribution of the Respondents According to Time Respond. (Barangay Cogon Respondents)
1.The police
respond
19(25.33%) 33(44%) 23(30.67%) 0 (0%) 75 (100%)
immediately to any
calls from civilian.
Table 2.4.2 shows that majority of the respondents answered agree with the
question number four, majority of the respondents answered agree with frequency of 40
32
respondents and percentage of 53.33%. For the last question, majority of the
of 49.33%. The table indicates that police in barangay Cogon should try another way of
Table 2.5.1 Distribution of the Respondents According to Maintenance of Peace and Order (Barangay
Carmen Respondents)
2.The police on
duty respond to
31(41.33%) 44(58.67%) 0(0%) 0 (0%) 75 (100%)
trouble happening
in your barangay.
3.The police
implement the
41(54.67%) 34(45.33%) 0(0%) 0 (0%) 75 (100%)
ordinance in your
barangay.
4. The police
quickly solve
crimes and arrest 19(25.33%) 23(30.67%) 33(44%) 0 (0%) 75 (100%)
criminals in your
barangay.
33
Table 2.5.1 shows that majority of the respondents in question number one
question number two, majority of the respondents answered strongly agree with the
respondents and percentage of 54.67%. For question number four, majority of the
of 44%. For the last question, majority of the respondents answered agree with the
frequency of 45 respondents and percentage of 60%. This simply indicates that the
police barangay Carmen should improve their way of maintaining peace and order.
Table 2.5.2 Distribution of the Respondents According to Maintenance of Peace and Order (Barangay
Cogon Respondents)
3.The police
implement the
47(62.67%) 28(37.33%) 0(0%) 0 (0%) 75 (100%)
ordinace in your
barangay.
34
5. The police are
always aware in the
26(34.67%) 29(38.67%) 20(26.67%) 0 (0%) 75 (100%)
happenings in your
barangay.
question number two, majority of the respondents answered strongly agree with the
majority answered strongly agree with the frequency of 47 respondents and percentage
of 62.67%. In question number four, majority answered agree with the frequency of 34
respondents and percentage of 45.33%. The last question was answered agree by
38.67%. This simply indicates that the implementation of ordinance was good but it
needs more effort in order decrease the crime rate in barangay Cogon.
CHAPTER 5
Summary
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The aim and purpose of this study is to determine the independent variables and
• Age
• Sex
• Civil Status
• Educational attainment
• Conduct of Patrol
• Response Time
• Police-Civilian Communication
• Elimination of Crime
The result of this study will give ideas to researchers on programs of PNP on
selected barangays. This will broaden the researcher’s perspective on how effective
and efficient the programs are conducted by the PNP in order to sharpen the remedies
computed. The independent, dependent variables and the data collected will be used
for the analysis and interpretation for this study. This study involved seventy five (75)
FINDINGS
composed of 54.67% of females and 45.33% of males. While in barangay Cogon are
composed of 38.67% of females and 61.33% of males. The respondents willingly give
In terms of age most elders can easily understand and more knowledgeable of
the programs of the PNP in the respective barangays. They are aware of what’s
happening in the community they are wiser than the younger ones.
percentage is 54.67% and in Cogon is 61.33%. Females are more attentive than males
because they appreciate the efforts of the PNP organization in securing their lives and
properties through the help of the organizations programs conducted in their barangays.
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Moreover in terms of civil status most married persons are sensitive than single
since married couples wants more action to the community since they are more
practical in nature.
programs of the PNP. They tend to understand the purpose and objective of the
Conclusion
Drawn from the findings of this study are the following conclusions:
The effectiveness of conduct of patrol in barangay Carmen and Cogon are rated
as effective.
the same time so that the soon to be criminals won’t familiarize their
patrolling hours.
effective.
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To be very effective, police administrators should more increase the
community.
the community so that the people will respect and trust them. A good
relationship between the public and the police officer is very important in
preventing crimes.
respondents. In somewhat way the soon to be criminals in Carmen and cogon lost its
passion and desire to commit crime because of the presence of the police enforcers.
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In terms of effectiveness in maintenance of peace and order the respondents
rated it as effective. The respondents feel and see how law enforcers make an effort for
RECOMMENDATION:
From the data and findings of this study the following recommendation are drawn
and endorse.
respective jurisdictions.
II. Law enforcers must gain more patience especially in entertaining
feedbacks.
III. Must develop and practice a more prim proper person to person
ensure the safety of live and property of the people in the community.
V. Should strive their duties in creating a solution on how to lessen the
whose knowledgeable , skillful , abilities are best suited for a particular job
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III. Conducting free seminars to persons who would like have some
their area of responsibility in order to make them aware and to catch those
They should make sure that the orders are understood to avoid
misinterpretation or confusion.
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