Note:

 This question paper contains two parts A and B.

 Part A is compulsoty which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A.
 Part B consists of 5 Units, Answer any one full question from each unit.
 Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b, c as sub questions.

Part - A (25 Marks)

1. a) State and prove any two properties of unit impulse. [2m]
b) Derive the expression for Mean Square Error. [3m]
c) Derive the Fourier transform of an arbitary constant. [2m]
d) Define sampling theorem for band pass signals. [3m]
e) Define transfer function. [2m]
f) Sketch the frequency response of ideal LPF, HPF and BPF. [3m]
g) Derive the relation between PSDs of input and output for an LTI system. [2m]
h) Find the auto correlation of f(t) = Sin( c t). [3m]
i) Prove that the Laplace transform of even function is even function. [2m]
j) Find the z-transform the sequence x[n] = (-2)-n u[- n - 1]. [3m]
Part - B (50 Marks)
2. a) Approximate the function described below by a wave form sin t over the interval (0, 2 ).
The function is f(t) = 1 0 < t <
= -1 <t<2
b) Discuss the concept of trigonometric Fourier series and derive the expressions for coefficients.
c) State the properties of complex Fourier series.
OR
3. a) Define orthogonal signal space and bring out clearly its application in representing a signal.
b) Obtain the Fourier series representation of half-wave rectified sine wave.
c) Explain the significance of waveform symmetry in Fourier analysis.
4. a) Find the Fourier transform of symmetrical gate pulse and sketch the spectrum.
b) State and prove time convolution and time differentiation properties of Fourier transform.
c) What is aliasing? Explain its effect on sampling.
OR
5. a) Find the Fourier transform of symmetrical triangular pulse and sketch the Spectrum.
b) State and prove frequency shifting and scaling f properties of Fourier transform.
c) Determine the minimum sampling rate and Nyquist interval of the following function. f(t) =
sin(200 t) + sin(100 t).
6. a) Draw a circuit diagram of physically relizable LPF. Sketch its impulse response.
b) The transfer function of an LTI system is H(w) = 16 / (4 + jw). Find the response y(t) for an input
x(t) = u(t).
c) What are the conditions for distortion less transmission from through a system?
OR
7. a) Explain causality and physical reliability of a system and hence give poly-wiener criterion.
b) Show that from the knowledge of the impulse response h(t) of a linear system, the response of
any arbitrary function can be obtained.
c) Differentiate between causal and non-causal systems.
8. a) State and prove frequency Convolution property of Fourier transform.
b) Find the correlation off symmetrical gate pulse with amplitude and time duration '1' with itself.
c) Find the total energy of the Sine pulse ASine(2wct).
OR
9. a) Derive the expression for energy in frequency domain.
b) Compute the signal energy for x(t) = e-4t u(t).
C) Explain briefly detection of periodic signals in the presence of noise by correlation.
10. a) Determine the Laplace transform and the associate region convergence for each of the
following functions: i) x(t) = 1; 0 < t < 1 ii) x(t) = t for 0 < t < 1.
b) Find the z-transform of the sinusoidal signal x[n] = Sin[bn]u[n].
c) State and prove any two properties of Z-transforms.
OR
11. a) If x(t) is an even function, prove that X(s) = X(-s) and if x(t) is odd prove that X(s) = -X(-s).
b) Derive the relation between Laplace transform and Z-transfrom.
c) Find the inverse z-transform of X(z) = 1/(1 + z) + 2z/(z - 0.2).
**********
1.a) Approximate the function f(t) by a set of Legendre polynomials and derive the expression for
component vector.
b) Define the following basic signals with graphical representation
i) Unit Sample Signal ii) Unit Step Signal
iii) Ramp Signal iv) Sinusoidal signal. [15]
2.a) Expand the following function over the interval (-4, 4) by a complex Fourier Series
f(t) = 1 ; -2 = t = 2
= 0 ; else where
b) Justify the following with respect to Fourier series
i) Odd functions have only sine terms
ii) Even functions have only cosine terms. [15]
3.a) Compute the Fourier Transform of
i) f(t) = (1/2)-n u(-n-1) ii) f(t) = sin(np/2) cos(n)
b) State all the properties of Fourier Transform. [15]
4.a) Draw the ideal characteristics of Lowpass, Highpass, Bandpass and Bandstop filters.
b) Test the linearity, causality, time-variance of the system governed by the equation
i) y(n) = x(n-n0) ii) y(n) = cos(n?0) x(n) iii) y(n) = a[x(n)]2 b [15]
5.a) Explain the process of detection of periodic signals by the process of correlation.
b) Determine the cross correlation between the two sequences x(n) = [1,0,01) and
h(n) = { 4,3,2,1} [15]
6.a) Define Nyquist rate. Compare the merits and demerits of performing sampling using impulse,
Natural and Flat-top sampling techniques.
b) Discuss the process of reconstructing the signal from its samples. [15]
7.a) Bring out the relationship between Laplace and Fourier Transform.
b) Determine the Laplace transform of
i) f(t) = e-at sin ?t ii) f(t) = e-at cosh ?t
c) Find the final value of the function F(s) given by (S-1) / S(S2-1) [15]
8.a) State and prove Time-reversal, Time-Shifting and scaling properties w.r.to
Z-transform
b) A system has an impulse response h(n) = {1,2,3} and output response
y(n) = {1,1,2,-1,3}. Determine the input sequence x(n). [15]
1.a) Discuss the concept of orthogonality in complex functions and derive the expression for
component vector of approximating the function f1(t) over f2(t) in case of complex functions.
b) Derive the expression for Mean square Error in approximating a function f(t) by a set of n
orthogonal functions. [15]
2.a) State the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of Fourier series representation
of a Periodic Signal.
b) Obtain the trigonometric Fourier series for the signal shown in Figure.1. [15]
Figure.1
3.a) State and prove any Four Properties of Fourier Transform.
b) Find the Fourier Transform of
i) f(t) = e-at Cos(bt) ii) f(t) = t cosat. [15]
4.a) Define the terms:
i) Signal Bandwidth ii) System bandwidth
iii) Linear time Variant system iv)Paley-wiener criteria for physical realizability.
b) Test the linearity, causality, time-variance, stability of the system governed by the equation
i) y(n) = ax(n) b ii) y(n) = n cos[x(n)] [15]
5.a) Explain the process of detection of periodic signals by the process of correlation.
b) Define autocorrelation and state its properties. [15]
6. Define Sampling Theorem and discuss the way of performing sampling using Natural sampling
technique and compare it with impulse sampling. [15]
7.a) State any four properties of Laplace transform.
b) Find the Laplace transform of the wave form shown in Figure.2.
Figure.2
c) Find the inverse Laplace transform of (S-1) / (S) (S 1). [15]
8.a) Using scaling property determine the Z-transform of an cos?n and find its ROC.
b) Using differentiation property find the Z-transform of x(n) = n2 u(n).
c) Obtain the Z-transform of x(n) = -anu(-n-1) and find its ROC. [15]
********
1.a) Define a complete set and hence show that the error can be minimized when the function f(t) is
approximated using n set of orthogonal functions.
b) A rectangular function f(t) is defined by
Approximate this function by a waveform single term sint, two terms sint and sin3t, three terms sint,
sin3t and sin5t over the interval (o, 2p) and show that the mean square error is minimum when the
function is approximated by three terms rather than single term. [15]
2.a) Derive the necessary expression to represent the function f(t) using Trigonometric Fourier
Series.
b) Bring out the relationship between Trigonometric and Exponential Fourier series. [15]
3.a) Prove that the time shift in time domain is equal to phase shift in frequency domain.
b) Find the Fourier transform of the function
i) f(t) = e-a|t| sin(t) ii) f(t) = cos at2 iii) f(t) = sin at2 [15]
4.a) What are the requirements to be satisfied by an LTI system to provide distortionless
transmission of a signal?
b) Bring out the relation between bandwidth and rise time? [15]
5.a) Show that autocorrelation and power spectral density form a Fourier Transform Pair.
b) Discuss the process of extraction of a signal from noise in frequency domain. [15]
6. Define Sampling Theorem and discuss the way of performing sampling using impulse sampling
technique. [15]
7.a) State and Prove Initial value and Final value theorem w.r.to Laplace transform.
b) Find the Laplace transform of the periodic rectangular wave shown in Figure.1. [15]
Figure.1
8.a) Determine the impulse and unit step response of the systems described by the difference
equation y(n) = 0.6y(n-1)-0.08y(n-2) x(n)
b) Define Region of Convergence and state its properties w.r.to Z- Transform. [15]
****
1.a) Derive the expression for component vector ofapproximating the function f 1(t) over f2(t) and also
prove that thecomponent vector becomes zero if the f1(t) and f2(t) areorthogonal.
b) Arectangular function f(t) is defined by ???<<-<<=ppp2101)(tttf
Approximatethis function by a waveform sint over the interval (o, 2p) such that themean square error is
minimum. [15]
2.a)List out all the properties of Fourier Series
b) Obtain the trigonometric Fourier series for thehalf wave rectified sine wave shown in Figure.1. [15]
Figure.1
3.Determine the Fourier transform for the double exponential pulse shown inFigure.2.
[15]
Figure.2
4.a)Define Linearity and Time-Invariant properties of a system.
b) Show that the output of an LTI system is given bythe linear convolution of input signal and impulse
response of the system. [15]
5.a)State and prove Parseval’s Theorem.
b) Find the convolution of two signals x(n) = { 1, 1,0, 1, 1} and h(n) = { 1, -2, -3, 4} and represent them
graphically. [15]
6.a)State and Prove the sampling theorem for Band limited signals.
b)Discuss the effect of aliasing due to under sampling. [15]
7.a)Define Laplace Transform and Its inverse.
b)Define Region of convergence and state its properties.
c)Find the Laplace transform of f(t) = sin at cos bt and f(t) = t sinat [15]
8.a)Find the two sided Z-transform of the signal x(n) = (1/3)n n = 0
= (-2)n n = -1
b) Determine the inverse Z-Transform of X(z) = z /(3z2 – 4z 1), if the region of convergence are i) z > 1 ii) z
< 1/3 iii) 1/3 <z < 1 [15]