Histology: The Study of Tissues
Histology: The Study of Tissues
in lining of intestine
Simple columnar epithelium
in lining of intestine
Epithelial Tissues
4. Simple cuboidal epithelium – 1 layer; cube-like
e.g. in linings of kidney tubules; gland ducts
5. Psuedostratified ciliated epithelium –
provided with cilia; single layer but appear stratified
although cells originate at the same base
-in trachea; ducts of many glands
2. Connective Tissues
Functions: join other tissues; support the body & its organs;
protect underlying organs
consist of:
1. cells - few
a. fibroblasts –produce fibers
b. Macrophages – act as phagocytes
2. fibers
a. collagen (white)
b. elastic (yellow) – contain elastin
c. reticular – more branched forming delicate supporting
network
3. amorphous ground substance – in matrix; glycoprotein of
liquid to solid consistency
Connective Tissues
Types:
I. Connective Tissue (CT)
Proper
A. Loose/Areolar CT-
elastic yellow fibers (widely
distributed under the
epithelia of human body)
B. Dense/Fibrous CT –
densely packed collagen
fibers (eg. tendons,
ligaments, dermis of skin)
Connective Tissues
II. Specialized Connective Tissue
A. Elastic tissue – thick bundles of parallel elastic
(yellow) fibers (in yellow ligaments of vertebral column;
lung tissue & large arteries)
B. adipose tissue
Specialized Connective
Tissues
C. Vascular tissue/Blood - for transport of
materials
-composed of formed elements & a liquid matrix
(plasma)
a. plasma – liquid portion
b. formed elements:
Erythrocytes (RBC) – carries oxygen
Leucocytes (WBC) – for immune system
Thrombocytes (platelets) - for blood clotting;
small ovoid or circular cells lacking nucleus
Specialized Connective
Tissues
neutrophil eosinophil
Connective Tissues
(Leucocytes)
basophil
Specialized Connective
Tissues
Agranulocytes/mononuclear leucocytes
lymphocyte
Connective Tissues
III. Supporting Connective tissue
A. Cartilage – intercellular substance with
inorganic substances
1. hyaline cartilage – substance is translucent;
without fibers (in nose, larynx & trachea; end of long
bones)
2. elastic cartilage – with branched elastic fibers
(external ear, epiglottis)
3. fibro-cartilage – with unbranched collagenous
fibers (intervertebral disks; pubic symphysis, disks of
knee joint)
B. Bone or osseus tissue – with hydroxyapatite
crystals
Supporting Connective
Tissues
hyaline cartilage
Supporting Connective
Tissues
cartilage
Supporting Connective
Tissues
fibrocartilage
Supporting Connective
Tissues
B. Bone or osseus tissue- for support
Consists of:
• Bone matrix –calcified (calcium
hydroxyapatite & CaCO3)
• Cells:
osteocytes – bone cells found in
cavities or lacunae
osteoblasts- synthesize org.
components of the matrix
osteoclasts- resorption & remodeling
of bone tissues
• Lamelae – concentric layers in matrix
• Haversian canal – central cavity
• Canaliculi – cylindric spaces in matrix; Haversian System or Osteon
permits intercellular connection
Muscular Tissues
gives shape to the body
for movement and locomotion
The Structure of a Muscle
Tissue
THE STRUCTURE OF A MUSCLE TISSUE
Sarcolemma/Plasmalemma –muscle
membrane
Sarcoplasm- muscle’s cytoplasm
Sarcoplasmic reticulum –muscle’s
endoplasmic reticulum
Muscle Fibers ="Muscle Cells "
- the contractile cells of muscle tissues
Myofibril
- are small contractile filaments located within
the cytoplasm of striated muscle cells.
-consist of bands of alternating high and low
refractive index giving the distinctive striped
appearance of striated muscles
Myofibril consists of two types of protein
filaments:
1) Myosin - "thick filaments”
2) Actin - "thin filaments"