Gearabc A1 PDF
Gearabc A1 PDF
A tea-serving doll
The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 1. Let's search for a gear
I'm sure you once used to play with your toys. Toys usually contain a lot of gears.
Let's look at some of them.
Here in Japan, as seen from the picture below, gears were in use in the Edo period
2. History of Gears (1603 1867) as a power source for flour milling in waterwheels. The gear was as large
as one meter in diameter, and zelkova and oak trees were used as the material.
Maybe you want to know how far gears date back to.
Here's the answer.
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The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 2. History of Gears
Leonardo's sketching (500 years ago) KHK Stock Gears (the present) Leonardo's sketching (500 years ago) KHK Stock Gears (the present)
■ Spur Gear ■ Bevel Gear
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The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 3. Gears as the Machine Element
Here's an electric drill a do-it-yourselfer can't do without. Let's see the inside
after loosening the bolts and removing the cover.
You'll find various parts. The parts
fall into two types. One, the electric A set of bevel gears is used to hold a drill rod.
parts, the other, the mechanical parts.
(The numbers formed by blue color
- the electric parts, and the numbers
formed by red color - the mechanical
parts.)
❸ Motor
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The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 4. About Gear Mates
Cited here are our mates, namely, driveline components that are used to transmit
power and motion like ourselves.
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The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 5. The Role of Geaes
Let's see what gears can do. I'm sure you'll feel they are
Transmit power and motion between parallel
all-arounders.
shafts.
Gears work in pairs to do a job. They can: Spur gears and helical gears are used.
Intersecting axes
In any pair of gears, the larger gear will move more slowly than the smaller
gear. Gears tend to change rotational directions.
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The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 6. Types of Gears
6. Types of Gears
Now, I 'd like you to meet my family. Here they are!
Gears used to drive parallel axes. Gears used to drive parallel axes
(For rotary motion) (For rectilinear motion)
Gears to transmit the rotary motion and power between two
parallel shafts. Gears to change the rotary motion into the rectilinear motion.
★ MSGA Ground Spur Gear ★ SS Steel Spur Gear ★ SRGF Ground Rack ★ KRHG Ground Helical Rack
★ PS Plastic Spur Gear ★ SUS Stainless Steel Spur Gear ★ SR Rack ★ PR Plastic Rack
★ KHG Ground Helical Gear ★ BSS Brass Spur Gear ★ BSR Brass Rack ★ DR Molded Flexible Rack
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The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 6. Types of Gears
★ SMSG Ground Spiral Miter Gear ★ SUM Stainless Steel Miter Gear ★ SN Steel Screw Gear ★ SUN Stainless Steel Screw Gear
★ SMA Finished Bore Miter Gear ★ MBSG Ground Spiral Bevel Gear ★ PN Plastic Screw Gear ★ KWG・AGF Ground Worm Shaft,
Worm Wheel
★ PB Plastic Bevel Gear ★ SB Bevel Gear & Pinion Shaft ★ KWGDL・AGDL ★ SUW・PG Worm,
Duplex Worm, Worm Wheel Plastic Worm Wheel
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The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 7. Fundamental Gear Terms
Facewidth
α=Pressure angle
Tip
Refe
circ
ren
le
ce c
Bas t circle
Roo
i
e ci
rcle
rcle
Tip
Reference pitch
di
am
Re
fe
re et
nc
e er
di
Ba am
se et
dia er
me
ter
Root
dia mete
r
In the United States and other countries where the unit of length in common
ct
Center line
nta
)
use is "inch", "Diametral pitch" is widely used to represent the tooth size. For
n
of co
Pitch point
actio
Backlash
example, DP24, DP8, ... . (DP - the ratio of the number of teeth to the diameter
path
e of
"Circular pitch" is also used to represent the tooth size. In that case, the sizes
Len
Interference point
of tooth are designated as CP5, CP10 .... .
Tooth thickness
Dedendum
Center distance
Tooth depth
Addendum
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The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 7. Fundamental Gear Terms
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The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 8. Gear Materials and Heat Treatment
■ Heat treatment
8. Gear Materials and Heat Treatment Steels get stable in their structure when heat treated and become harder
and stronger. The illustration here depicts forge scenes of a Japanese blade
Let's see what sort of materials are used to produce gears, and why?
KATANA.
● Ferrous metals
S45C (Carbon steel for machine structural
use), and SCM415 (Case-hardening alloy
steel) are most commonly used in Japan.
● Thermal Refining
Both are good materials for making
This is the heat treatment to refine
gears.
crystal structure of steels to improve the More powerful
Steel round and rectangular bars strength.
● Nonferrous metals
Aluminium bronze castings are wear-
resistant. The gears made out of these
nonferrous metals are used for worm
● High-Frequency Induction Hardening
wheels and screw gears, etc. because
This is the process where steels are Gear
of their wear-resistance. As they are
hardened by means of induction Induction
castings, they are somewhat costly and
heating (approx.800℃) and subsequent coil
their procurement is more difficult. Aluminum bronze casting quenching.
(The core portion - grey iron casting)
● Plastics
Plastics are used as the gear material for
the applications that require the opera-
● Carburizing and Quenching
tion with minimum or no lubrication, such
After diffusing carbon molecules into the
as food processing machines and toys,
surface of steel at high temperature, steels
etc. Plastic gears made by the injection
are case hardened to produce a hard and
molding process are very cost effective
wear-resistant surface with progressively
and are used in such applications as light Plastic round bars softer core which retains ductility.
duty office machines etc.
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The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 9. Gear Accuracy and Strength
■ Accuracy
9. Gear Accuracy and Strength
Quality gears must transmit power smoothly, with a minimum of vibration and
No wonder gears with high precision are durable and quiet. noise. To make gears as quiet as possible, it is necessary that:
① the tooth profile is correct involute form.
Now, let's think about gear accuracy and strength. Good gears are considered
to be:
① Small and light
② Able to transmit high power and forces
② the tooth trace (flank line) is accurate.
③ Quiet
④ Durable
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The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 10. How to Make Gears
Gear hob
Rack cutter
Worm cutter
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The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 10. How to Make Gears
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The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 10. How to Make Gears
Heaters
Product
Grooved circular roll Grooved circular roll
Product
■ Sintered Metal ■ Press
The mixed powdered metal is compressed by machine to form the gear shape. Pressure is applied to a workpiece by the press, by which a material is cut or
Then it is heated in a furnace and bonded metallurgically. This method is cost- shaped under pressure. KHK stock gears are not made by this method.
effective when mass-produced. KHK's products: LS Sintered Metal Spur Gears KHK's products: Rack Clamps for DR Molded Flexible Racks
and LM Sintered Metal Miter Gears.
Metal powder
Mixing
Sintered
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The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 11. Gears Are Ubiquitous
■ Clock
11. Gears Are Ubiquitous
Yes, if I may be allowed a little exaggeration.
Look around yourself and you'll find gears are used everywhere. Isn't that
surprising?
■ Pencil sharpener
An internal gear and a spur gear are used. The
spur gear turns the cutter mounted to the shaft
Various spur gears are used to move the
to sharpen pencils. Gears to turn the minute hand, the hour hand,
hands.
and the second hand.
■ Paperpunch
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The ABCs of Gears A- The Introductory Course 11. Gears Are Ubiquitous
A three-stage gear train is used to turn a By pressing the lever, the ice cream in the scoop
dynamotor on. Spur gears are used here. is released into the dish; the gears attached to the
lever turn the blade in the scoop which releases
A set of gears
the ice cream.
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KOHARA GEAR INDUSTRY CO., LTD.
Head office/factory 〒 332-0022 13-17 Nakacho, Kawaguchi-shi Tel:048(255)4871 FAX:048(256)2269
Osaka office 〒 540-0012 Tanimachi Yuetsukan building,6-22 Tanimachi 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka
TEL:06-6763-0641 FAX:06-6764-7445
Nagoya office 〒 465-0093 Louvre Building, 3-96 Issha, Meito-ku, Nagoya
TEL:052-704-1681 FAX:052-704-1803
● All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be
reproduced or used in any form or by any means.
● This publication is designed to provide information on gears with gear users as
well as employees of KHK group companies.
● KOHARA GEAR INDUSTRY CO., LTD. disclaim responsibility for any error or
omission regarding technical and product informaion published.
● The contents of this publication are subject to change without notice.