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Error of Closure
Error of Closure
Transverse
a series of lines connecting successive points whose lengths and directions have
been determined from field measurements
N (+) B
Lat. AB ʆab
W (-) E (+)
Reference line
S (-)
Latitude of a Line
Departure of a Line
Error of Closure
Linear Error of Closure (L.E.C.)
A short line of unknown length and direction connecting the initial and final station
of the traverse. It is approximately determined by plotting the traverse to scale, or
more exactly by computing hypotenuse of a right triangle whose side are the closure
in latitudes and closure in departures respectively.
Sample Problem:
Given in the accompanying tabulation are the observed data for a closed traverse obtained from a
transit-tape survey. Determine the following quantities: latitude and departure of each course, linear
error of closure, and the bearing of the side of error. Tabulate observed and computed values according
to the usual format.
CL= ∑NL+∑SL
= 409.97+ (-410.90)
CL=-0.93m
CD=∑ED+∑WD
=503.31+ (-502.11)
CD=1.20m
Traverse Adjustment
Compass Rule
Cl= CL(d/D) Cd= CD(d/D)
Where:
Cl= Correction to be applied to the latitude of any course
Cd= Correction to the applied to the departure of any course
d= Length of any course
D=Total length or perimeter of traverse
tanʆ= Departure’
Latitude ‘
Line Distance Bearing Latitude Departure Correction Adj. Latitude Adj. Departure Adj. Adj.
Length Bearing
+N -S +N -S Lat. Dep +N -S +E -N
.
AB 495.85 N5°30’E 493.57 47.53 1.67 1.79 491.70 45.74 494.02 N5°19’E
BC 850.62 N46°02’E 590.53 612.23 2.36 3.08 587.67 609.15 846.442 N46°02’E
CD 855.45 S67°38E 325.53 791.09 2.88 3.09 328.41 788.00 858.43 S67°23’E
DE 1020.87 S12°25’E 996.99 219.51 3.43 3.69 1000.42 215..82 1023.43 S12°10’E
EF 117.26 S83°44’W 121.96 1110 3.76 4.04 125.72 1114.60 1121.67 S83°34’W
FA 660.08 N55°09’W 377.19 541 2.22 2.39 374.97 544.09 660.78 N55°26’W
5,000.13 1,461.29 1,444.48 1.65
Transit Rule
Cl= Lat (CL) Cd= Dep (CD)
∑NL-∑SL ∑ED-∑WD
Sample Problem:
Given the tabulation of observed data from a survey, determine the latitudes & departures of each
course and balance these quantities by employing the transit rule. Also determine the lines error of
closure, bearing of the side of error, adjusted length and bearing of each course. Tabulate value
accordingly.
Line Distance Bearing Latitude Departure Correction Adj. Latitude Adj. Departure Adj. Adj.
Length Bearing
+N -S +N -S Adj. Adj. +N -S +E -N
Lat. Dep
.
AB 495.85 N5°30’E 493.57 47.53 2.86 1.79 491.70 45.74 494.02 N5°19’E
BC 850.62 N46°02’E 590.53 612.23 3.42 3.33 587.67 609.15 846.442 N46°02’E
CD 855.45 S67°38E 325.53 791.09 1.88 4.31 328.41 788.00 858.43 S67°23’E
DE 1020.87 S12°25’E 996.99 219.51 5.77 1.19 1000.42 215..82 1023.43 S12°10’E
EF 117.26 S83°44’W 121.96 1110 0.70 6.04 125.72 1114.60 1121.67 S83°34’W
FA 660.08 N55°09’W 377.19 541 2.18 2.15 374.97 544.09 660.78 N55°26’W
5,000.13 1,461.29 1,444.48 1.65