Porosity and Bulk Density of Sedimentary Rocks
Porosity and Bulk Density of Sedimentary Rocks
Density of
Sedimentary Rocks
~y G. EDWARD MANGER
:ONTRIBUTIONS TO GEOCHEMISTRY
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
TABLES
By G. EDWARD MANGER
ABSTRACT
More than 900 items of porosity and bulk density data for sedimentary rocks
have been tabulated. Most of the data are from the more accessible American,
British, German, and Swiss literature. The number of porosity determinations
per item ranges from 1 to 2,109. The tabulation reflects the fact that more
porosity than bulk density data are availabl_e for sedimentary rocks.
INTRODUCTION
Data on the porosity and bulk or lump density of sedimentary
rocks have been assembled for the Division of Reactor Development
of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Most of the data are from
the more accessible American, British, German, and Swiss literature.
They are tabulated under headings according to rock type and geologic
age, and grouped according to geographic locality. To the extent
that information is available, the following items are included: The
name of the stratigraphic unit, the source of the material or depth
below the surface, the number of samples, the average and range of
porosity, the average dry and saturated bulk density, the source of
the data, and the method of porosity determination. The tabulation
reflects the fact that more porosity than density data for sedimentary
rocks are available in the literature. The stratigraphic nomenclature
in this report is from various sources and does not necessarily follow
that of the U.S. Geological Survey.
Total porosity is a measure of all the void space of porous material.
It includes the sealed-off pores as well as those which are connected
with the surface of the test specimen. The equation for total poros-
ity (PT) by percent is
(1)
(3)
i
00
Stratigraphic unit Locality
Source of
material or
Number
of
Porosity (percent) Average bulk
density (gem-S)
Method
of
Reference porosity Remarks
"d
0
l;:C
0
Precambrian
--
~
Goodrich Quartzite.
Nonesuch -------~IshJ?emlng,
Shale (calcare- Whtte Pine,Mlch ••••
Mich. ------1 -----do
________ Mine _____ -----~-----------
_________ __ -------~----------~-- ______ --~------_---~
__________ __________ 5. 3 ;: ~ ~---;:as---~ 171 A-16
16 A-16 td
ous sandstone). d
~
Cambrian tl
to:l
Antietam Quartzite.•. ____ _ Marticville, Pa •••••• -- ____ Outcrop(?) ___ _ 1 ---------- ---------- 1. 7 3.05 3.07 17 A-16 z
Ul
Chlckies Quartzite ________ _ Pennsylvania_____________ Outcrop ______ _ 5 3. 8 7. 8 5.4 43 T-1
"Mt. Simon" sandstone Sand Hill well, Wood 13,005-13,165 __ _
(dolomitic). County, W.Va.
Southern "Potsdam'' Wisconsin _______ ---------- Quarry _______ _
9
14
.2
4.8
2.5
28.3
.7
11.4
2. 69
2.30
2. 70
2.41
(I)
22
A-15
A-1
~
sandstone.
Northern "Potsdam" ____ do ____ ------------------ ----.do ________ _ 16 10.4 22.6 19.4 2.13 2. 32 22 A-1 ~
sandstone. Ul
Reagan Sandstone.-------- Otis and Penny-Wann ,3,449-3,683 ____ _ 24 5.5 17.8 11.2 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9 to:l
fields, Kans. tl
Sandstone.----------------1 Conley, Great Britain _____ Quarry _______ _ ----------·---------- 6.1 2. 45 2. 51 105 A-2
I
8.0 2.44 2.52 1121 A-2
I
I 5localities.
I
I
~
~
0
E
t:rJ
<:.n
t;j
TABLE !.-Sandstone, siltstone, quartzite, chert, and conglomerate-Continued 0')
(")
Ordovician
0
Juniata Formation _________ , Sand Hill well, Wood 17,833 _________ _ (1)
z
1-3
1. 2 2.67 2.68 A-15
County, W.Va. !;:0
1-4
St. Peter Sandstone _______ _ Wisconsin_________________ Quarry _______ _ 2 m1 no 19.1 2.15 2.34 22 A-1 b:l
Do ________ --------- ___ _ Ozark Plateau, Ark_______ Outcrop ______ _ u &6 U1 8.8 2.41 2.50 20 T-2 q
Crystal Mountain Sand- Ouachita Mountains, Ark ______ do ________ _ 1 ---------- ---------- 17.5 2.19 2. 37 20 T-2 1-3
stone. 1-4
Simpson Group (sand- Cunningham pool, Kansas. 4,051-4,117 ____ _ M ~7 n1 13.3 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9 0
stone).
Wilcox sand ______________ _ Bowlegs field, Oklahoma __ ---------------- 2 n1 ~8 12.5 ---------- ---------- 9 A-6
zU2
Do ______ --------------- Oklahoma City field, ~6,300_______ _ u ~9 ~3 20.7 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9
Oklahoma.
Do __________________________do _____________________ ~6,300--------~ 21 8.0 I 16.9
Do_____________________ Ramsay pool, Oklahoma.. ~4,800________ ---------- ---------- ----------
12.5 ---------- ----------
20 ---------- ----------
9
52
A-6
N-1 Clean, uniform.
1-3
0
Do_____________________ Seminole field, Oklahoma. ~4,3QQ________ 2 15.6 15.6 15.6 ---------- ---------- 9 A-6 0
Second Wilcox sandstone .• Arcadia-Coon Creek pool, ~6,000________ ---------- 9 18 tz.l
---------- ---------- ---------- 25 N-1 0
Oklahoma. (")
Second Simpson sand ______ West Edmond field, Okla- 7,000+-------- 2 14.9 15.1 15.0 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9
homa. ~
First Bromide sand _______ _ Fitts pool, Oklahoma _____ ,.,4,150 ________ , 1 ~----------~---------- 7. 7 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9 tz.l
Bromide Formation (sand- Lindsay area, Oklahoma.. 9,50Q-11,300 ____ ---------- 1 24 14 ---------- ---------- 148 N-1 ~
1-4
stone). w
Do. __ ----------------- Maysville pool, Oklahoma_ 7,400 _________ _ 1~ ,------7~n-----26~5- 14.1 ---------- ---------- 148 N-1 1-3
Hammar-Haindl sand ____ _ Oklahoma City field, Okla- ,.,6,600 _______ _
homa.
15.0 -
... -------- ---------- 123 A-9 !;:0
1-<1
~
Devonian
Oriskany Sandstone _______ Wayne-Dundee :field, ,..1,924-------- 4 7.1 9.0 8.3 47 T 1 well.
NewYork. t:1
1."!.1
Do. __ ----------------- State Line field, New ,..4,700. __ -----
York.
Bradford sand _____________ Bradford :field, Pennsyl- ... ooo-... 2,300 ••
18 7.9 12.2 10.3 47 T 5. 7 ft of core.
z
'(Jl
297 6.0 23.3 15.0 2.25 2.40 46 T-6 Estimated grain
vania.
Do. __ ----------------- -----dO--------------------- ... 6Qo-... 2,300 ••
Do __ ------------------ _____ dO--------------------- z6QQ-""2,300. _
1 ---------- ----------
1 ---------- ----------
13.1
18.6 ----2~17--1----2~36""
123
98
A-9
T-2
density, 2.65.
~
~
Do.------------------- -----dO--------------------- z60Q- ... 2,30Q __ 75 3.8 26.0 12.9 43 A-6
Do._------------------ ____ .dO--------------------- ""600-z2,300. _ 40 4.5 22.7 12.5 9 A-6
Do ____________________ Kane :field, Pennsylvania_ Subsurface ___ _ 17 2.0 14.4 11.9 43 A-6
Do---------- ____ ------ _----do. _________ --- _____________ do------ __ _ '(Jl
69 3.0 16.4 10.6 9 A-6
Chipmunk sand ___________ Cattaraugus County, N.Y,_ -----dO--------- 2 14.5 16.1 14.8 123 A-9 1."!.1
Clarendon sand____________ Saybrook :field, Pennsyl- -----dO--------- 2 11.5 13.4 12.5 9 A-6 t:1
~
vania.
DO--------------------- Warren :field, Pennsylva- -----dO--------- 5 8.8 18.5 14.4 9 A-6
nia.
10.6 ~----------~----------
I
Do. ____ --------------- __ -----do ______ ------ __ ----- -----do..• ------ 13 2.6 25.61 43 A-6
Kane sand-------------~~~- Kane field, Pennsylvania. -----dO--------- 7 14.2 2~. ~ 18.9 ---------- ---------- 9 A-6
I
Oriskany Group (sand- Tioga :field, Pennsylvania_ ,..4,000 •••I -----1 65 ! 2.91 1!.1) 1---------t·-------t··-------1 47 T l19 wells.
stone).
DO--------------------· Sabinsville pool, Penn- .,.4,350 _______ _ 1 9. 9 ________ , _________ _
~..
47
1'1'
sylvania. 1;:0
DO--------------------- Hebron field, Pennsyha- ,..5,130 _______ _ 6 9.1 10.1 9.4 47 T 2 wells. 0
nia.
DO--------------------- Hebron gas field, Penn- 5,174-5,179-----·----------
sylvania.
DO--------------------- Hebron-Ellisville
9 14
field, z5,500 ••• -----•---------- •-········- •---------- 10
125
49
N-1
N
~
Pennsylvania.
Footnotes on p. E2,5. t:rj
-=1
l%J
TABLE I.-Sandstone, siltstone, quartzite, chert, and conglomerate-Continued 00
~
Thirty-foot sand___________ Glenshaw field, Pennsyl- 1,850 •• ___ • __ 7 7.2 9.8 9.0 2.41 2.50 98 T-2
vania.
Oriskany Group (sand- Ka.nawha County, W. Va_ ----------------~---------
stone).
6.8 11 ---------- ---------- ---------- 85 N-1
t$
Huntersville chert_ _______ _ Sand Hill well, Wood 3,455 _________ _ .7 2. 58 2.59 (!) A-15 Calcareous. U2
County, W.Va. 8
Sandstone_________________ Ravenna, Ky _------------ Mine._-------
Williamsburg sand._------ Williamsburg, Ky -------- 800(?) ________ _ 21 10.41
13~ ------5T -----23~9-
11. 9 11.2
12.4
2. 55(1) 2. 65(1)
---------- ----------
98
98
T-2
T-2 ~
Hoing sand________________ Colmar-Plymouth pool, 415-500 ..• -----
illinois.
18.6 ---------- ---------- 118 A-6
Oriskany sandstone________ Ontario, Canada__________ Quarry_------ 1 , __________ ,_________ _ 2.48 2.55 112 A-2
6.6
Old Redsandstone _________ Cradley, Great Britain ____ Outcrop _____ _ 1 2.5 2.57 2.60 105 A-2
Gra~~~~:::::::::::::::: -~~~~ ::::::::::::::::: -~~: ::::::
Sandstone ______________________ do.------------------- _____ do._------
3
3
2
------~~r ,-----:rr 3.6
4.3
13.2
---------- ----------
----------
___
----------
72
72
72
A-3
A-3
A-3
Granular.
Slaty.
16.0
---2~i8
---2~ar·- 105 A-2 Coarse.
Upper Old Red sandstone. Micheldean, Great Brit- Outcrop_----- 1
ain.
Do __ ------------------ _____ do •• ------------------ _____ do._------ 9.1 2.40 2.49 105 A-2 Fine.
Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian
Three Forks shale, (red Afton quadrangle, Wyo- ----------------·----------·----------·---------- 6.4 2.62 2.68 110 T-2
sandstone). ming. I'd
First Venango sand________ Franklin Heavy field, Subsurface ___ _ -------- ------------
~I----------
11.2 18.5 13.9 123 A-9 0
Pennsylvania. !;d
Do._------------------ Pleasantville field, Penn-
sylvania.
_____ do._------ 12.4 20.7 16.5 -------- ------------ 43 A-6 0
-------- ------------ ~
Second Venango sand ______ Oil City field, Pennsyl- _____ do _______ _ 5.8 20.1 15.0 9 A-6
vanla.
Do •• _----------------- Pleasantville field, Penn- ••••• do._------ ---------- 17.2 -------- ------------ 43 A-6
sand group.
sylvania.
Second sand, Venango oil Oil City area, Pennsyl-
vania.
618-873 _______ _ 115 2.0 28.2 14.6 2.28 2.43 45 T-2 I Average grain
density, 2.664. ~t::l
Third Venango sand____________ do._------------------
Do •• _----------------- ••••• do.• ------------------
Subsurface ___ _
_____ do._------
2
17
10.2
3.4
10.2
22.3
10.2
13.7
-------- ------------
------------
9
43
A-6
A-6
Bowlder sand______________ Allegheny County, Pa ____ ---------------- 4 4.4 12.6 7.9 ""i45"" 2.53 98 T-2 ~
- ~
Mississippian
t::l
I
Berea sandstone___________ Hancock County, W. Va.l Subsurface ____ ~ 21 16. 7j 22.2
Do._------------------ Cabin Creek field, West ~2,500 ________ ---------- ---------- ----------
19.5
4
9
161
A-6
T-2 Quartzite cap.
l?:l
z
Do •• _----------------- ---~~~:________________ ~ 2,500 ________
Sandstone, well-sorted_____ Tucker County, W. Va ___ ----------------
----------~----------~----------
1 ---------- ----------
16
4.4
161
131
T-2
T-1
Pay sand.
Carbon ratio,
72.5-77.5
~
Berea Sandstone __________ _ Harrison County, Ohio. __ __ --~ I 2.37
2. 24 I
percent.
~
!1----_:~~~-1-----::~~-I
Subsm..ce_____ 16.6 2. 40 98 T-2
1,44Q-2,16Q 11.1 2.48 T-2
Do •. ------------------ Monroe, Noble, and Bel- 99
U2
mont Counties, Ohio. l?:l
Do._------------------ Monroe County, Ohio ___ _ Subsurface. ___
Quarry _______ ~~: ~ r-zj2_T ____ 2~29 ___ 9 A-6 t;;
Do. __ ----------------- S. Amherst, West View, 6 15.9 17.8 19 A-1
~
and Berea, Ohio.
Berea(?) Sandstone _______ _ Berea, Ohio ______________ _
OutcroP-------~
100 A-13 Building stone.
Amherst, Ohio ___________ _ A-16
~~~~====~-------1 :::::~~:~: :::::~~~: ----~;-~-- ~:~ ---~-~---
Do.------------------- 21 10.2 13.21 11.7 ,--------,------------ 172
Keener sand ______________ _ Monroe County, Ohio.--- 98 T-2 Mississippian(?).
Maxville Limestone (silt- Muskingum County, 17 A-16
stone). Ohio.
Sandstones.--------------- Monroe County, Ohio. __ _ 1,3oU..i,oOO••••• , a 1. 11.3 I 13.1 1. 12. ~ I 2 lJ!i I 2. 4R 99 T-2 I ulayeyanaumy.
Do. --·
Ed
~
Mooretown Formation Tri-County oil field, In- ... 1,300 ________ ---------- 1---------- ---------- 1 5 '--------'------------ 42 N
(sandstone).
Sample diana.
sand______________ _ Francisco l;l:l
pool.,. Indiana ••.
Waltersburg Sandstone ___ _ Lower Wabasn area, Illi- t:,g:: :::::::: c:::::::: c::::::::1:::::::::: 17
19.5
107
146
N
N-1 Clean, fine sand-
0
nois and Indiana.
Do._------------------ Powell's Lake oil field,
Kentucky.
1,81Q-1,820---•• 1.--- _- ~'- -- 14 21 18.5 79 N-1
stone.
~
Fort Payne Chert.-------- Near Smithville, Tenn •••• Subsurface ___ _ 2 3.8 4.8 4.2 2.65 2.69 17 A-16
Footnotes on p. E25.
~
~
~
J-.4
0
Mississippian-Continued l;!j
joooo4
t:D
Aux Vases Sandstone ______ , Salem pool, Illinois _______ _ ~
~~~ok7_~~~===~-------=~-~------:~~-~-----~~~=-
14.7 ---------- -·-------- 118 A-6
N-1
Ben~~t" san<c======::::::: ::::=a~======::::========== ,.,1,725. _______ ---------- ---------- ----------
16.1 ---------- ---------- 5 joooo4
~
Paint Creek Shale (stray Fayette County, TIL _____ _ 1,363-1,724.• --- 33 10.0 22.2 18.2 ---------- ---------- 122 N-1 Do.
sand).
Tar Springs Sandstone ••.. Benton field, Illinois ______ 2,000-2,100 _____ ---------- 13 25 20 ___ ___ 74 N-1
~
---2~o2 ---2~26
Carlyle sand_______________ Carlyle, Ill________________ 1,026 __ -------- 3 20. 6 27. 6 23.4 98 T-2
Michigan stray sand_______ Millbrook field, illinois____ 1,235-1,282_____ 7 9. 7 20. 7 19.1 ___ --T43___ 123 A-9
~
---2~30
Sandstones________________ Ozark Platea'l!.! Ark_______ Outcrop_______ 4 8. 6 17.3 13.3 20 T-2
Boone Formation (chert) __ Near Picher, ukla _________ Mine _________ ------------------------------ 5.0 2. 56 2.61 16 A-16 l;!j
Boone Formation (quart- _____ do __________________________ do _________ ---------- ---------- ---------- 2.0 2. 72 2. 74 16 A-16 ~
zite).
Boone Formation (calcare- _____ do __________________________ do _________ ·----------·----------·---------- 8. 9 2.39 2.48 16 A-16
ous chert).
Mississippian or Pennsylvanian
I
Deaner sand _______________ Deaner field, Oklaboma ___ l2,522 __ --------~ 981
!1-----·rr!·----lrrl
12.5 2.35 2.47
Kingwood sand _________________ do _____________________ 2,659 _________ _
Red sand __________________ Osage County, Okla ______ Subsurface ___ _
15.9 2.27 2.43 98
98
T-2
T-2
T-2
14.0 2.36 2.50
Pennsylvanian
Olean Formation (sand- I Rock City, N.Y----------1 Outcrop(?) ___ _ 2 14.4 15.8 15.1 9 A-6
stone). I'd
Allegheny Formation Bakerton, Pa ___ ----------1 ~ 500----------•----------·----------·---------- 1.4 2. 70 2. 71 17 A-16 0
(sandstone).
A~~~f~~ge). Formation _____ do_____________________ ~ 500 __________ , __________ , __________ , _________ _
1.8 2. 76 I 2. 78 17 A-16
~
0
m
K a~~w-ii a--F-orm-ati 0u.- g~;~e~r!~klin: Pa======== ~1ft_-_-_~====== --------3- r----
-7~8-,-- ---i2:o -,----iii:a·- 2.66 17 A-16 8
1-::~::::
2. 29 17 A-16 ~
(sandstone).
Do. ____________ ------- _____ do _________ ----________ 0-20____ ____ __ _ 2 __________ ____ ------~- ________ _ 2.46 16 A-16
~
County, l'llew Hebron,
and Parker pools,
Illinois.
Upper Partlow sand ______ _ North Johnson poo1,,504-56L _____ _ 15 15.5 23.4 20.8 ---------- ---------- 118 A-6
Bartlesville sand-----------
Illinois.
Anderson County, Kans._ ----------------1----------•----------•----------
Various fields, Kansas ____ _ 695-1, 183 _____ _
17.5 ---------- ---------- 84 N INow "Burbank"
sand.
~
0
Do. ___ ----------------
Peru sand------------------ Sedan and Cunningham 197-208 _______ _
82
14
7.0
14.4
24.8
22.4
20.4
17.5
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
123
123
A-9
A-9
Do.
~
fields, Kansas. m
Wayside sand ____________ _ Montgomery County, 586-631 ___ -- --- '- --------- ·-- -------- '-- -------- 9. 7 2. 47 2. 56 98 T-2
Kans.
Do ____ ---------------- Jefferson field, Kansas ____ _ 243-424 _______ _ 16 15.7 23.0 20.0
~
---------- ---------- 123 A-9 t;j
1-l
1--\
TABLE I.-Sandstone, siltstone, quartzite, chert, and conglomerate-Continued ~
1-l
I:\:)
Porosity (percent) Average bulk Method
Source of Number density (gcm-3) of
Stratigraphic unit Locality material or of Reference porosity Remarks
depth (feet) samples
Min- Max-
I
Averng•
Dry I Wat.,. deter-
mination
imum
I imum saturated
Pennsylvanian-Continued
c
Ozark Plateau, Ark _______ Outcrop _______ 0
Atoka Formation (sand-
stone).
15 4. 7 19.8 11.5 2.32 2. 44 20 T-2
z~
DO--------------------- Arkansas Valley, Ark _____ ______ do ________ 23 0 20.6 7. 6 2. 43 2.51 20 T-2 !;::0
DO--------------------- Ouachita Mountains, Ark. ______ do ________ 13 0 10.4 5. 5 2. 50 2. 55 20 T-2 1-l
Sandstones------- ___ ---- ___ Ozark Plateau, Ark _______ ------dO-------- 2 13.8 18.1 16.0 2.26 2.42 20 T-2 b:l
~
Do ••• ----------------- Arkansas Valley, Ark _____ ------dO-------- 12 5.4 10.7 8.2 2.42 2. 51 20 T-2
DO--------------------- Ouachita Mountains, Ark_ ------dO-------- 12 .9 9. 6 4. 6 2. 52 2. 57 20 T-2
Armstrong sand ___________ W. Duncan field, Okla- ""2, ooo ________ 63 ---------- ---------- 26.7 ---------- ---------- 121 N-1 11 wells. 1-l
0
Bartlesville sand ___________
homa.
Creek and Osage Coun- 1, 57o-2, 267---- 14 13.5 38.7 20.1 2.17 2.37 98 T-2 z
Ul
ties Oklahoma.
Do .• ------------------ Cusii'lngfield Oklahoma ___ 2, 639-2, 680••.. 2 28.9 32.0 30.5 2.20(1) 2. 49(1) 98 T-2 ~
Do _____ ---------------- Pershing field, Oklahoma __ 1, 988-2, 132.... 10 7. 6 16.0 13.3 2.31 2.44 98 T-2 0
Do •••• ___ --- __________ Various fields, Oklahoma __ 813-6, 592 ______ 587 3.3 33.7 17.4 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9
Basal Pennsylvanian sand_ Pauls Valley field, Okla- Subsurface. ___ 6 5. 9 12.3 8.8 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9 C'l
homa. J::zj
Booch sand ________________ Various fields, Oklahoma __ 2,913-(?) _____ --
Burbank sand _____________
5 17.5 25.4 22.1 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9 0
Burbank field, Oklahoma. 2,92o-2,970----- 2 15.2 15.7 15.4 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9
Burgess sand ______________ S. Moore pool, Okla- 7,791-7,795_____
homa.
1.8 35 17 ---------- ---------- 104 N-1 ~J::zj
Do.--- ____ ----- ________ Washington County, ... 1,650 ________ 2 16.4 22.0 19.2 2.24(1) 2. 40(1) 104 N-1
Cisco Formation ___________
Okla.
West Red River field, ... 1,550________
~
Oklahoma.
6 22.6 26.1 24.6 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9
~
Cleveland sand ____________
~
Osage County, Okla _______ Subsurface ____ 1 ---------- ---------- 17.7 2.21 2.39 98 T-2
Coffeyville Formation _____ do _________ 16.8 2.14 2.31 17 A-16
Turley, Okla.-------------
(sandstone).
Cromwell sand.----------- Hughes County, Okla _____ _____ do _________ 1 12.1 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9
DO--------------------- Little River field, Okla. ...3,220 ________ 22 16.2 23.2 19.9 ---------- ---------- 9 A-6
homa.
DO--------------------- Kanawa field, Oklahoma •• ... 2,300 ________ 6 16.6 22.6 19.0 ---------- ---------- 9 A-6
Deese Formation (sand- Southwest Antioch field, ... 6,550 ________ 1 15 ---------- ---------- 128 N-1
stone). Oklahoma.
DO--------------------- VelmaoUfield, Oklahoma_ 3,33o-4,32Q _____ 21 ---------- ---------- 132 N-1
Dutcher sand ______________ South Depew field, Okla- 2,410 __________ 2 -----14:6- -----18:2- 16.4 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9
homa.
DO---------------------
Gilcrease sand_____________
Slack fieldi Oklahoma _____ 2,575-2,613-. .•.
Francis fie d, Oklahoma___ ,..2,500 •••.....
5 9. 9 14.9 10.8 ---------- ---------- 98 T-2
2 27.3 27.5 27.4 ---------- ---------- 9 A-6
Holdenville field, Okla- ,.,3,200 _______ _ 2 16.8 16.8 16.8 9 A-6
Do..... ----------------
-homa.
Do...• ________________ _ Sasakwa, Okla ____________ _ :::::2,830________ 2 18.1 18.3 18.2 9 A-6
Glenn sand _______________ _ Creek County, Okla ______ _ 21.4 ---2~12--- ---2~33--- 98 T-2
1,514-1,592----- 1 ---------- ----------
0) He:.ldton sand zone _______ _ Healdton field, Oklahoma_ 849-1,356 ______ 92 2.3 35.8 23.8 123 A-9 lot!
~ Hewitt sand ______________ _ Hewitt field, Oklahoma __ 1,408-1,135..... 3 17.3 21.7 19.5 --Ti3(i5 ---i32(i5 98 T-2 0
t.:l Hickman sand ____________ _ Burbank field, Oklahoma 2, 782-3,005_____ 84 6. 1 32. 7 20.4 2.15 2. 35 98 T-2
Tulsa, Okla ______________ _ ~
~ Holdenville Shale (sand-
I
Subsurface ____ ---------- ---------- ---------- 17.0 2. 50 2. 67 17 A-16 0
1 stone).
c, Hoover sandstone.... _____ _ Laverl!-e dist~ict, Okla ____ -1 8,353-8,362.....
:::::4,200 __ ------~----------~----------~---------- 18 114 N-1 re1-3
JTo'ba' Fonnation ________ _ Supenor well, Caddo 6 3. 8 7. 8 6. 55 (2) A Shaly, limy.
County, Okla. 1-1
9,448-9,492...__ 39 4. 7 8. 7 6. 90 (2) A Do.
10.215-10.224...
Deese Formation. __ . ______ '----- do.... _---------------- 13,083-13,095...
3
7
9. 5
2. 1
10. 9
6. 3
10.17
4.36
(2)
(2)
A
A
Do.
Do. ~t:::!
15,075-15.085... 8 7. 2 9. 2 8. 20 (2) A Do.
A Do.
l
Layton gas sand___________ Pawnee and Creek Coun-
16,953-16.956...
853-1, 525
1 ---------- ----------
Humphr~y s~nd ___________ Velma oil field, Oklahoma_ Subsurface •. __ ---------- ---------- ----------
2 22. 1 26.3
28.2
17
24.2 2. 02 I 2. 26
(2)
132
98
N-1
T-2
ttl
d
ties. Okla. t'4
Lower part of Dornick Velma pool, Oklahoma ___ _ :::::5,000 ________ ---------- ---------- ---------- 21 39 N-1 ~
Hills Formation and :::::5.300 _____ --- ---------- ---------- ---------- 19 39 N-1
Springer Formation. ""'6,100... --- 3, 500 ---------- ---------- 16 39 N-1 t:::!
l2j
39 N-1
""'6,600... ·- ---------- ---------- ----------
""'7,100... --- ---------- ---------- ---------
Medrano sand ____________ _ Caddo County, Okla.. ___ _ 4,596-5,823_____
14
12 39 N-1 z
lfl
242 2. 2 25. 5 17.3 123 A-ll
Middle Rowe Formation __ Cement field, Oklahoma._ 3.346-3,354..... 17 3. 4 28.9 22.9 123 A-9 8
Morrow Series (sandstone)_ Laverne district, Okla- Subsurface ____ ---------- ---------- ---------- 14 114 N-1 1-1
homa.
Olympic sand _____________ _ Olympia pool, Oklrhoma. ""'1,800 ________ ~----------~ 11.91 21. 7 18 150 N-1 0
20.5 84 N ~
Peru sand ____ ------------- ~~r1~ee;v~feun~rid~k~iria:· -71~72o======== -------17- -----14~7- -----2o~2
DO---------------------
18.6 123 A-9
homa. lfl
Sandstone. __ -------------- Garber field, Oklahoma___ 1,784-1,800-----
Do _____ ---------------- Stone Bluff field, Okla- 1,144-1,162-----
2 10.3 16.4
1 ·----------·----------
13.4
16.5
2. 25(1)
2. 22
I 2. 41 (1)
2. 38
98
98
T-2
T-2
l2j
t:::!
homa.
Sl;lminole Formation Tulsa, Okla.------------__ Subsurface. ___ ,-------- __ ,__________ ,------- __ _
(sandy zone).
20.5 2. 26 2. 47 17 A-16
5
~
Si~s sand ___ --------------~ Velma field, Oklahoma ... _~-:.:-- dO---------~----------~----------~---------- 18-20 132 N-1
Skinner sand ______________ West Chandler field, Ok- -4,120________ 1 ---------- ---------- 12.1 123 A-9
lahoma.
Stray sand----------------- Osage County, Okla ______ 1,536 or
deeper.
15.2 2.37 I 2.47 98 T-2
~
Third Deese sand__________ Southwest Antioch field, ""6,500 _______ _ 400 ·----------·---------- 15.5 111 N-1
~
Oklahoma. 0
Thomas sandstone_________ Southwest Randlett field, ""1,600.- ------ ,__ - ------- 21.8 25.8 22.2 26 N-1 Shaly. C')
Oklahoma. ~
Tonkawa sandstone________ Laverne district, Okla- Subsurface •. __ •---------- , __________ ,_____ ----- 18 114 N-1 lfl
homa.
Tucker sand.-------------- Washingtop County, 1,355-1,37L .•• 16 5.3 20.6 16.5 123 A-9
Okla. t-r_j
Vpper Rowe Formation ___ Cemept ffelq, Oklahoma •• 3,379-3,393.---- 22 15.7 26.2 23.3 12.3 . 4.-9 1--L
· fQo.tnotel! o,p J?· E~·l:i, ~
~
~
~
TABLE 1.-Sandstone, siltstone, quartzite, chert, and conglomerate-Continued
""
~
Strawn Group (sand) _____ _ Langston-Kleiner field, ""'3,500 ________ Many ---------- ---------- 15.2 ---------- ---------- 126 N-1 8 wells.
Texas.
Weber Sandstone .• --------~ Rangely field, Colorado___ 6 19 _____ ,.. ____
5,60Q-6,300..... ---------- ---------- 117 N-1 Calcareous.
Weber Sandstone (quartz- .•... dO---------------------
ite).
"'='5,800________ 10 11.1 13.6 12.2 ---------- ---------- 128 N-1
~
Weber Sandstone __________ ..... dO--------------------- 5,943-6,429..... 36 0. 4 15.6 9.8 ---------- ---------- 57 A-9 Fine sandstone,
hard.
~
Bell sand ••. --------------- Lance Creek field, Wyo-
ming.
5,776-5,936__ __ _ 2 7.5 10.5 9.0 ---------- ---------- 157 T-2 2 wells. ~
4,615-4.625 ____ _
Converse sand _____________ -----dO---------------------
Leo sand ______ ...... ------ _____ dO--------------------- 5,160-5.723 ____ _ 7 2. 9 16.9
13.5
8. 6
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
157
157
T-2
T-2
Second Leo sand ___________ ..... dO--------------------- 5,244-5,275.. ... 1 ,----------,----------
---------- ---------- 5. 9 ---------- ---------- 157 T-2
Tensleep Sandstone________ Big Medicine Bow field,
Wyoming.
7,016-7,474.. __ _ 3 9. 8 19.5 15.0 ---------- ---------- 157 T-2
DO--------------------- Elk Basin field. Wyoming. 10.7 ---------- ---------- 145 N-1
DO--------------------- Longs Creek. Wyo _______ _ 5,955--5.956..... 2 ---------- ----------
<::::4,000.------ -,----------,----------,----------
13.7 ---------· ---------- 76 A-5
Do--------------------- Salt Creek field, Wyoming.
~:~~~~i;~~t=== ________:_ -----~~~~- -----~~~~-
14.8 ---------- 157 T-2
DO--------------------- Steamboat Butte oil field,
Wyoming. 12-13 ========== 11 N-1
Pennsylvanian and Permian
~
9 3.8 23.5 11.7 72 A-3
Do_____________________ Aktyubin area, U.S.S.R._ 1, 150-4,430 ____ _ 9 11.8 ----i4i"" ---2:53""" 108 T
Do _____________________ .•••• do_____________________ 7,61G-8,510 ____ _ 14 3.9 2.50 2.54 108 T
~
18.5 108 IT
Triassic
Outcrop _______
Amherst sandstone_------- Connecticut Valley-------
Stockton Formation (sand- New Jersey--------------- _____ do ••••••••• 1 ----------
5 1.3 ----------
7. 9
23
4.0
1.92 2.15
---------- ----------
18
43
A-12
T-1
~
0
stone). Q
Outcrop(?) ____
Santa Rosa Sandstone .•••• Guadalupe County, N.
Mex. 1 --------·- ----·----- 18.0 2. 17 2. 35 98 T-2 ~
U2
Shublik Formation________ Barrow, Alaska........... 2,651-2,766•••.• 2 9.3 16.0 12.7 ---------- ---------- 175 A
trJ
1-l
CJl
~
TABLE !.-Sandstone, siltstone, quartzite, chert, and conglomerate-Continued 1-L
C)
Triassic-Continued (")
Bunter Sandstone_ --------1 Great Britain_------------~ Quarry, out- 18 5.8 30.8 20.4 2.09 2.29 105 A-2
z0t-3
crop. !;tl
H
Do____________________ Caldy Grange, Great Outcrop ______ _ 14.8 2.22 2.37 105 A-2 3 in from fault. to
Britain. 0
Do __ -------------- _________ do __ ------------------ _____ do __ ------ 1 ·----------·---------- 15.5 2.21 2.36 105 A-2 1 ft from fault. t-3
Do __ ------------------ _____ do __ ------------------ _____ do __ ------ 1 22.5 2.02 2.25 105 A-2 2 ft from fault. H
Do __ ------------------ _____ do __ ------------------ _____ do __ ------ 1 25.5 1. 94 2. 20 105 A-2 12 ft from fault. 0
Do ___ ----------------- _____ do __ ------------------ _____ do _______ _
Keuper Sandstone_________ Great Britain __ ----------- _____ do __ ------
1
16 16.5 28.6
25.5
22.6
1. 94
2.02
2. 20
2. 25
105
105
A-2
A-2
25 ft from fault. z
Ul
Do.------------------- Caldy Grange, Great Brit- _____ do.------- 1 16.5 2.18 2.35 105 A-2 3 in from fault.
ain. t-3
Do_------------------- _____ do __ ------------------ _____ do __ ------ 1 ---------- ---------- 18.0 2. 14 2. 32 105 A-2 1 ft from fault. 0
Do __ ------------------ _____ do_------------------- _____ do __ ------ 1 ---------- ---------- 20.1 2. 08 2. 28 105 A-2 2 ft from fault.
Do __ ------------------ _____ do __ ------------------ _____ do________ 1 ---------- ---------- 22. 5 2. 02 2. 25 105 A-2 12 ft from fault. Cl
1:;1
Do __ ------------------ _____ do __ ------------------ _____ do.------- 1 ---------- ---------- 22.6 2. 01 2. 24 105 A-2 24 ft from fault. 0
Bunter Sandstone.-------- Near Hanover, Germany__ In place _______ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 2. 25 14 ---------- Torsion balance.
Buntsandstein_____________ Germany_---------------- Outcrop_______
Do ______ -------------- _____ do_------------------- Quarry--------
1 ---------- ----------
39 7. 7 26.4
20.5 2. 09 2. 30
18.3 ---------- ----------
56
72
T-3
A-3 ~1:;1
Keuper Sandstone ______________ do _________________________ do________
Sandstone _________________ Cantons of Basel-Land, _____ do________
Basci-Stadt, Schwyz
and St. Gallen, Switzer-
11
7
12.1
3. 6
28.3
21.1
19.9 ---------- ----------
11.1 2. 42 2. 53
72
63
A-3
T-4 Dips 0°-20°. e
[/2
t-3
land.
~
Jurassic
Jones sand_________________ Schuler field, Arkansas __ _ 7, 50Q-7, 700 ____ 1__________ 1 0 35 20.2 ---------- ---------- 163 N-1
Do __ ------------------ _____ do __ ------------------ 7, 564-7. 632____ 62 5. 4 29.2 20.9 ---------- ---------- 41 N-1 11 we'll.
~: ~~=~: ~~6==== -------~~- ------~~~-
Do_------------------- Various fields, Arkansas __ _ 27.3 15.3 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9
Morgan sands _____________ Schuler field, Arkansas ___ _
Morrison
(sandstone).
Formation Long Park, Montrose 239-313________
Do _________________________County, Colo.
do ___________________ _
62 4. 9
26
24.1
16
18.6
---------- ----------
---------- ---------- (3)
(3)
163 N-1
A-9 IWoll so•tod.
215-284_------- 22 5.2 27.8 17.9 ---------- ---------- A-9 Moderately
well sorted.
Do ____________________ l_____ do __ ------------------' 229-267-------- 3 11.7 16.7 14.5 ---------- ---------- (3) A-9 Poorly sorted.
Morrison Formation (silt- !•..•• do _____________________ , 2()()-247-------- 22 7.1 27.3 15.6 (3) A-9 Do.
stone).
l
Morrison Formation ______ _ Cisco dome, Utah _________ Outcrop ______ _
Do.------------------ __ Two structures Wyoming_ 8,255 -8,400 ____ , 6 1.9 11.1 6.
4. 0 ,----------,----------
---------- ----------
166
157
T-2
T-2
Very limy,
2 wells.
Nugget Sandstone ________ _ Stramboat Butte oil field, ""5,200 ________ ---------- ----------,----------,
8.7 24.9 ---------- ---------- ---------- 11 N-1 '"d
Wyoming. 0
Nugget Sandstone (quartz- Afton quadrangle, Wyo- ---------------- 1? '----- _____ ,- --------- 8.2 2.46 2.54 110 T-2 ~
itc). ming. 0
Nug·g9t Sandstone.--------- F~emont 9~>Unty, Wyo ___ ----------------~----------~----------~---------- 24.9 84 N U1
~
Sundance Formatwn_ ----- B1g Med1rme Bow field, 5,165-5,855_____ 24 6. 0 23.2 12.9 123 A-9
Wyoming,
Do____________ --------- _____ do_____________________ 5,419 _--------- 12.6 157 T-2
Do _____________________ Iles dome, Colorado_______ ""3,250 _______ _ 16.8 123 A-9
1 ,----------,----------
---------- ----------
~
Do_____________________ Iles dome and Lance 3,316-3,955____ _ 11 2. 3 22.1 11.8 157 T-2 5 wells.
Creek fields, Colorado
and Wyoming.
Sundance Formation, ba- Lance Creek field, Wyo- 3,200-4,400••••• 1 Many 20 30 25 40 N-1
~
sal part. ming.
Sundance Formation ______ Quealy and Lance Creek 4,051-4,300____ _ 3 19.1 24.9 22.5 157 T-2 2 wens.
fields, Wyoming.
Do_____________________ Salt Creek field, Wyo- 2,717-2,944 ____ _ 4 4.5 17.6 11.7 157 T-2 Do.
ming.
Preuss Sandstone __________ Afton quadrangle, Wyo- Outcrop_______ ,__________ ,__________ ,_________ _
mlng.
3.4 2.59 2.62 110 T-2
~
Stump Sandstone _______________ do __________________________ do _________ __________ ---------- ----------
Kingak Shale______________ Barrow, Alaska ___________ 1,739-2,430_____ 1
5.0 2.58 2.63 110 T-2 z
~
20 8. 5 25.0 15.8 175 A
Do_____________________ Simpson, Alaska__________ 6,153-6,269_____ 3 17 23 19.0 175 A
Dogger sandstone__________ Wesendorffield, Germany_ Subsurface(?)_ ---------- ---------- ---------- 23 124 N
124 N
San~~~~~================= l~~¥~%r~~~;;~;~~::::: -8~~¥rii::::::: -------T -----~~~:- -----~~~~-~----HI"J===~:~~===j===i:ii=== 72
56
A-3
T-3 Fine sandstone,
uniform.
~
Cretaceous ~
Raritan
(gravel).
Formation New Jersey--------------- 185------------ 31.9 1.67 1.99 143 T-5 ~
Raritan Formation (sand- _____ do_____________________
stone).
Outcrop and
water well.
41.7 48.4 45.6 1.43 1.89 143 T-5 Medium sand.
~
~
DO-------------------- __ ----do _____ ---------------- Pit .. ---------- 2 39.9 44.8 42.3 1.49 1. 91 143 T-5 Flue sand.
Raritan(?) Formation _____ do.-------------------- _____ do. _______ _ 1 ·----------·---------- 41.5 1. 54 1.96 143 T-5 Very coarse
(sandstone). sand.
T-5 Fine gravel.
sanfs~=~=:::::::::::::::::: ·i5a:r~~olliiiY.~-:N:c:::::::: -6~4st~~5ii{_::::l 2~ ~-----T5-~----·aa~9-
35.7 1. 75 2.11 143
~
26.6 ---------- ---------- 142 N-1 0
Do--------------------- .•••• dO--------------------- 7,021-7,20L____ 15 12.8 32. 6 25.5 ---------- ---------- 142 N-1
~
Eutaw Formation (sands). _____ do _____________________ 3,657-4,285_____ 8 15.9 41.2 32.1 ---------- ---------- 142 N-1
DO--------------------- Gilbertown field, Ala-
bama.
Tuscaloosa Group__________ Brookhaven oil field,
Mississippi.
3,30Q-3,4()() _____ ---------- ---------- ----------
10,135-10,545---·----------·----------·----------
30
24
26
26
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
36
174
174
174
N-1
N-1
N-1
N-1
I
Pilot zone.
Smith zone.
Arrington zone.
t_;j
1-L
Footnotes on p. E25. ~
TABLE !.-Sandstone, siltstone, quartzite, chert, and conglomerate-Continued ~
~
Porosity (percent) Average bulk Method 00
Source of Number density (gcm-3) or
Stratigraphic unit Locality material or of Reference poro~ity Remarks
depth (feet) samples
Min- Max- I Average Dry I Water-
df'ter-
mination
imum
I imum saturated
Cretaceous-Continued
C':l
Sturgis wne sand__________ Fouke field, Arkansas_____ ""'3,600. _______ ---------- 15 31i 0
27.3 ---------- ---------- 135 N-1
Trinity GrOUP-------------
Dees sand _________________
Miller County, Ark_______ Subsurface____
Rodessa field Louisiana ________ do_________
2
3
28. 7
13.1
29.9
24.9
29.3
17.9
---------- ---------- 123
123
A-9
A-9 ~~
Gas Sand__________________ Monroe gas field, Loui- ""'2,150. ___ ____ 5 14.3 40.3 27.8 ---io4c45 ---2~29(4) 98 T-2 ~
siana. ttl
Hill sand__________________
Tokio sand________________
Rodessa field, Louisiana___ Subsurface____
Claiborne Parish La ___________ do_________
2
2
18. 0
29.3
22.8
30.7
20.4 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9 0
30.0 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9 8
~
DO--------------------- Pine Island field, Loui- _____ dO--------- 3 3. 2 18.4 13.3 ---------- ---------- 9 A-6
Trinity Group sand ________
slana.
North Lisbon field, Loui- _____ do_________ 2 20.3 26.4 23.4 ----------
_________ ... 123 A-9 ~
Ul
siana.
El.ledge sand _______________ New Hope field, Texas ____ ""8,200________ Many ~-----·----~---------- 10.8 ---------- ---------- 154 N-1 8
Hlll sand__________________ Carthage and New Hope 7,352-7,533----- 83 5. 4 26.1 15.6 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9 0
fields, Texas.
DO-----·--------------- New Hope field, Texas____ ""7,400________ Many ---------- ---------- 16.6 ---------- ----------
_____ ,.. ____ 154 N-1 ~
DO------------------·--
Lower Pettit sand_________
Ham Gossett field, 'l'exas __ ""6,500 ________ ---------- ---------- -·--------
Carthage field, Texas______ 5,885-6,164----- 32 3. 9 31.0
20
21.2
---------- 168 N-1 Calcareous. t;j
Paluxy Sandstone _________ Talco field, Texas _________ ""4,000 ________ ---------- ---------- ---------- 25
---------- ---------- 123 A-9 0
---------- ---------- 165 N-1 0
Pittsburg sand _____________ New Hope field, Texas____ 7,888-8,140----- 315 1. 7 20. 6 11.5
13.4
---------- ---------- 123 A-9 ~
DO---·--·--------------
Travis Peak Formation____
_____ dO--------------------- ""7,900________
Limestone County, Tex ___ 729-73L_______
Many ---------- ----------
2 13.5 14.3 13.9
---2~os ___ 2. 22
154
119
N-1
A-ll
t;j
~
DO----- ___ ------------_ -----do _____ ---------------- -----do.----- __ _
Lance Formation __________ -----do.-------------------- -----dO--------- 3 36.7 43.0 39.4 1. 66 2.05 143 T-5 Do.
DO--------------------- -----dO--------------------- -----dO--------- 1 ·----------·---------- 30.8 1.87 2.18 143 T-5 Do.
DO--------------------- _____ do ________ ------------- -----dO----- ___ _ 1 27.4 2. 01 2. 28 143 T-5 Siltstone.
Peay sand.---------------- Big Horn Mountains ___________ dO---------
DO--------------------- Jack Creek, Mont_ ____________ dO---------
1
1
5.1
5. 0
2. 52
2. 58
2. 57
2. 63
99
99
T-2
T-2
~
Second Cat Creek sand____ Fergus County, Mont__________ dO--------- 1 23.2 2.06 2.29 143 T-5 Fine sandstone. l;d
Third Cat Creek sand __________ dO--------------------- _____ dO--------- 1 25.8 1. 96 2.22 143 T-5 Do. 0
23.6 2. 06 2. 30 143 T-5 Do.
~
Virgelle Sandstone Mem- Yellowstone County, _____ dO--------- 1
ber of Eagle Sandstone. Mont.
DO--------------------- Fergus County, Mont__________ dO--------- 27.1 1. 93 2. 20 143 T-5 Do. rJ).
~
1-.4
~
TABLE !.-Sandstone, siltstone, quartzite, chert, ana conglomerate--Continued t:g
~
Source of Number
Porosity (percent) Average bulk
density (gcm-a)
I Method
of
0
Stratigraphic unit Locality material or
depth (feet)
of
I I "r,~~Y
Remarks
t-:·
samples Refuronoe
Min- Max- Dry Water- mination
imum
I imum
- -
saturated
-
Cretaceous-Continued
0
Adaville Formation (sand- Sublette County, Wyo____ 12, 726--12, 734 0
6 10.3 13.7 12.0 ---------- ---------- (4) A
stone).
Do __________________________ dO--------------------- 13,248--13,874 36 7. 7 16.5 12.2 ____ 4
----------
_____
(4) A ~
!Xj
DO--------------------- _____ dO--------------------- 14, 554--14,767 11 8.1 11.9 10.1 ---------- ---------- (4) A ~
Blair Formation (sand- _____ dO--------------------- 15,764-15,784 11 7.8 15.4 11.0 ---------- ---------- (4)
stone).
Blair(?) Formation (sand- _____ do_____________________ 16,683-16,880
stone).
15 4.3 10.4 7. 6 ---------- ---------- (')
A
A §
0
Frontier Formation (sand- _____ dO--------------------- 20,384--20,503
stone).
21 4.6 9. 5 7.4 ---------- ---------- (4) A
z
U1
Bear River Formation_____ Afton quadrangle, Wyo- ---------------- 7. 2 2. 48 2. 55 110 T-2 Quartzite.
DO--------------------- ---~~~~--- ---------------- ----------------, ~ ,------- ---~---------- 13.8 2.32 2. 46 110 T-2
1-3
0
~;~~g:ii,sifo~~= ---~
Do._ .. ---------------- Nieber dome, Wyoming__ _ 6. 8 ---------- ---------- 157 T-2
Lower Muddy sand_______ S. Glen Rock field, Wyo-
ming. ==I _____ .I========== I========== 20 ---------- ---------- 37 N-1
Upper Muddy sand. ___________ do __ ------------------
Mesaverde Formation _____ Beaver Creek structure, g;gg~~~~===
Wyoming.
:: 1·-------i-1 ::::::::::I:::::::::: 14
20.2
---------- ............................
---------- ----------
37
157
N-1
T-2
Newcastle Sandstone______ Lance Creek field, Wyo- 2,900-2,915 ____ _ 2 14.9 20.7 17.8 2.29(1) 2. 44(1) 98 T-2
ming.
Do. __ ----------------- Osage field, Wyoming ____ _ 40(?) _________ _ 12 11.3 26.0 16.7 2. 15(5) 2. 34(5) 98 T-2
Do._------------------ _____ do._------------------ 1,415-1,450----- 3 21.3 23.6 22.7 2. 04(1) 2.28(1) 98 T-2
Do._------------------ Weston, Crook and Car- Outcrop_______ 9 8. 8 24.8 21.2 2. 17(4) 2. 35(4) 98 T-2
bon Counties, Wyo.
Do __ ------------------ Weston County, Wyo _____ 1,435__________ 2 19.0 19.5 19.3 2.14 2. 33 98 T-2
Torchlight Sandstone Big Horn County, Wyo... Outcrop_______ 2 ---------- ---------- 29.4 ---------- ---------- 99 T-2
~ Member of Frontier 1-d
~ Formation. 0
~:..? First Wall Creek sand _____ Carbon County, Wyo .. ________ do________ 1 -------------------- 19.9 ---------- ---------- 99 T-2 ::0
~ Do._------------------ Lost Soldier field, Wyo- 289--313________ 2 17. 5 20. 1 18.8 2. 19(1) 2. 37(1) 98 T-2 0
1 ming. Ul
~ Do •. ------------------ Salt. Creek field, Wyo- 1,235__________ 1 ---------- ---------- 19.8 2.18 2. 38 98 T-2 ~
~ :mmg. ~
l
Do __ ------------------ Big Muddy field, Wyo- 3,04Q-3,187----- 6 17.4 23.4 20.5 2. 07 2. 29 98 T-2
ming.
Wall Creek Sandstone_____ Salt. Creek field, Wyo- 1,033-1,454----- 4 12.1 20.8 15.3 ---------- ---------- 157 T-2 2 wells. ~
m~ ~
Do __ ------------------ _____ do._------------------ ,1,500________ 1 ---------- ---------- 25. 8 1. 96 2. 22 99 T-2
Do._-------~---------- Natrona County, Wyo.___ OutcroP------- 1 ---------- ---------- 7. 6 2. 47 2. 55 99 T-2 Calcareous. 1:1:1
Wayan Formation________ Aft~n quadrangle, Wyo- _____ do.------- 1 ---------- ---------- 7. 7 2. 45 2. 53 110 T-2 ~
mmg, t"4
Ferron Sandstone Mem- Wasatch Plateau gas 4, 60Q-5, 100---- ---------- 1 21 12-15 ---------- ---------- 159 N-1 p::j
ber of Mancos Shale. fields, Utah.
Dak?ta Sandstone_.- _______ North ?f Chama, N. Mex_ Outcrop_______ 27 3. 9 24.5 17.0 ---------- ---------- 158 T-2 ~
Okpikruak Formatwn_____ Oumabk, Alaska __________ 9, 278-10, 468___ 10 2. 8 10.0 4. 8 ---------- ---------- 175 A Graywacke. trJ
Seabee Formation __ ------- Umiat, Alaska____________
Topagoruk Formation_____ B?-rrow, Alaska ___________
536-577--------
200-1, 916______
3
10
6. 1
24
17
29
11
25.9
----------
----------
----------
----------
175
175
A
A
z
Ul
DO--------------------- Fish Creek, Alaska ________ 2, 923-2,970---- 2 25 31 28.0 ---------- ---------- 175 A 1-4
DO--------------------- Oumalik, Alaska._________ 919--2, 7.'i6______ 24 .4 15. 0 8. 3 ---------- ---------- 175 A 8
DO--------------------- Simpson, Alaska__________ 133-983________ 22 30 38 35.0 ---------- ---------- 175 A ~
DO--------------------- Umiat, Alaska ____________ 100-3, 009______ 97 4 44 13.6 ---------- ---------- 175 A
Torok Formati_on__________ B?-rrow, Alaska___________ 1, 21Q-3, 198____ 44 6. 4 24.0 15.0 ---------- ---------- 175 A Do. ~
Tuktu Formatwn__________ Fish Creek, Alaska ________ 5, 481-6,010---- 8 6. 0 10.0 7. 8 ---------- ---------- 175 A Do.
DO--------------------- Oumalik, Alaska__________ 3, 244-3. 756____ 10 6. 0 16.0 10.9 ---------- ---------- 175 A Do. r:/2
DO--------------------- B!lrrow, Alaska ___________ 2, 094-2, 095____ 1 ---------- ---------- 24.0 ---------- ---------- 175 A Do. trJ
Tuluga Member (former Fish Creek, Alaska________ 1, 633-1,640---- 2 28 33 30. 5 ---------- ---------- 175 A ~
usage) of Schrader Bluff ~
Formation.
Basal quartz sand__________ Bellshill Lake field, Al- ,3, 100________ 25 ---------- ---------- 26. 6 ---------- ---------- 130 N-1
berta, Canada. z
Ellerlie quartz sands.______ White Mud oil field, ,4, 100 ________ ---------- ---------- ---------- 25.5 ---------- ---------- 77 N-1 8
. . Alberta, Canada.
VIkmg sandsto~e __________ Alberta, Canada __________ Subsurface____ 2 17 22 20 ---------- ---------- 128 N-1
>
::0
Guasare formatwn_________ La Paz field, Venezuela___ 1, 80Q-2, 300____ 22 24 N-1 ~
Eudower sandstone. _______ Germany _________________ Outcrop_______ 2 12.5 15.9 14.2 2. 26 2. 40 56 T-3
~~~~~~~-~s:~~~~=::::::::: :::::~~::::::::::::::::::::: -~~~d~~::::::::
1
ig ~: ~ ~g: ~ i~: ~ :::::::::: :::::::::: ~~ 1=~ ~
Valendis sand-------------- Emlichheim field, Ger- Subsurface ____ ---------- 25 39 ---------- ---------- ---------- 124 N 0
many. p::j
DO--------------------- Lingen field, Germany _________ dO--------- ---------- 12 15 ---------- ---------- ---------- 124 N w.
Wealden sands_____________ Nienhagen and H!inigsen ---------------- ---------- 25 30 ---------- ---------- ---------- 124 N
fields, Germany, t;j
~
Footnotes on p. E25. 1--1--
TABLE 1.-Sandstone, siltstone, quartzite, chert, and conglomerate-Continued ~
~
~
Porosity (percent) Average bulk Method
Source of Number density (gcm-3) of
Stratigraphic unit Locality materinl or of Reference porosity Remarks
depth (feet) samples
Min- Max- I Average Dry IWater-
deter-
ruination
-
imum
-
I imum saturated
Paleocene
0
I
Fort Union Formation _____ North of Buckley, Mont__, Outcrop ______ _
-------= 0
---------- 1----------1
22.6 2.09 2.32 143 T-5 Fine sandstone.
Lebo shale Member of Rosebud County, Mont_ _______ do ________ _
Fort Union Formation
---------- 27.7 1. 93 2.21 143 T-5 Do. ~~
(sandstone). 1-4
Lebo shale Member of j _____ do _____________________ j _____ do ________ _
---------- ---------- 40.1 1. 65 2.05 143 T-5 Siltstone. ttl
Fort Union Formation
(siltstone).
Tongue River Member of _____ do __________________________ do ________ _ 7 9. 4 36.6 27.3 1.96 2. 24 143 T-5 Fine stonestone.
§
Fort Union Formation.
Do _____ -------------- _____ .do __________________________ do ________ _ 3 31.4 53.6 40.0 1. 63 2.03 143 T-5 Very fine sand- ~
UJ.
stone.
Do ________ ------------- _____ do __________________________ do ________ _
Tullock Member of Fort _____ do __________________________ do ________ _ 1 ----------
2 26.7
----------
36.6
26.2
31.7
1. 91
1. 87
2.17
2.19
143
143
T-5
T-5
Siltstone. 8
Very fine sand- 0
Uniori Formation. stone.
Do __________________________ do_____________________ _____ do ________ _ 29.8 1. 92 2.22 143 T-5 Siltstone.
Do __________________________ do ________ ------------- _____ do ________ _ 0
34.0 1. 73 2.07 143 T-5 Medium sand- tz:l
==========I========== I stone. 0
Knight Conglomerate______ Afton quadrangle, Wyo- ---------------- 1(?) ---------- ---------- 7.4 110 T-2 Sllstone. 1-3
ming. ...q
Lyre Formation___________ Olympic Peninsula, Wash_ Outcrop_______ 4 7.4 9. 7 8. 7 21 A
Gatchell sand ______________ Pleasant Valley field, .,9,150________
California.
Many ---------- ---------- 15 162 N-1
~
Cl
Chorro sands_------------- Infantes field, Columbia__ ""'2,200--~2,600 ---------- 15 22 ----------~----------~---------- 4 N
~
24 N
24 N
Venezuela. ========== ==========
Punta Gorda sands _____________ do_____________________ ""'4,000 ________ ---------- ---------- ---------- 18. 5 24 N
Upper sands _______________ La Paz field, Venezuela ___ ,1,600 ________ ---------- ---------- ---------- 26 24 N
Tabla sands _______________ Los Manueles field, Vene- 6,000-7,500 ____ ---------- ---------- 20 8-10 24 N 1.::'
zuela. J::o:J
Sandstone _________________ Isle of Wight______________ Outcrop______ 1 •----------·---------- 33.8 1. 73 2.07 105 A-2 Banded sandstone. 2:
re
1-3
Eocene and Oligocene . ...q
,,7,000-~ 1~,0001 ~an; 1---~---=---1----~~----115-20 0
Merecure Formation ______ , Anaco field, Venezuela ____ 1=-------+------=--1 541 N-1
I ~
Sandstone-----------------1
Eocene to Miocene
w:S~·field,-~~l;:~~--~~1~500--15,~~4--~~~~-=~--~~-~~-------1~~-------~~
Oligocene
15
----------1-------=-I 1561 ~=1 -,- r:n
J::o:J
1.::'
~
t2j
~
Sands _____________________ _! Saxet field, Texas---------1 ""5,800--------1 Many 7 45 31 120 N-1 Medium to
coarse. ~
B~= l=====a~~-~==================
,6,300 ________ 1 Many I 20 I 31 23 120 N-1 Do.
""6,900 _------- Many 21 34 28 120 N-1 Do. pj
===================
B zone sands ______________ La Cara field, Colombia... 1,100--2,000. ____ ---------- ---------- ---------- 22 4 N
Sandstone_________________ Cantons of Freiburg, Lu- Quarry-------- 6 1. 5 13. 9 5.8
--T53---~--T59 __ _ 63 T--4 Dip low to 25°,
0
a
zem, Vaud, and Zug, in part cal- ~
Switzerland. _____ do ________ _ careou.q, [/').
Do.--------------------1 Cantons of Unterwalden, 4 .8 4.1 2.3 2.64 I 2.66 63 I T--4 I Dip 15°-50°,
Vaud, and Wallis, calcareous.
Switzerland. t:r;j
~
~
TABLE 1.-Sandstone, siltstone, quartzite, chert, and conglomerate-Continued
t?j
Porosity (percent) A veral!e bulk Method ~
Source of Number density (gem-a) of ~
Stratigraphir unit Locality material or of Reference porosity Remarks
depth (feet) samples
Min- Mu- I........ Dry IWater-
deter-
ruination
imum
I imum saturated
Oligocene(?)
Frio Clay (sand)___________ Am('lia field, Texas _______ _ 6, 694-6. 785 ____ ---------- ---------- ---------- 30 65 N-1 n
Do._------------------ Anahuac field ____________ _ 6, 960-7, 078____ 22 23. 4 37. 1 30. 4 123 A-9 0
Frio Clay (sand No. 1)____ South Cotton Lake field, ""'6, soo________ __________ __________ __________ 3o-35 170 N-1
Texas.
Frio Clay (sand No.2) _________ do ___________________ _ ""'6, 5oo ________ ---------- __________ ---------- 3o-35 170 N-1
~
~
Marginulina sand _______________ do __ ------------------ :::,;6, 500 ________ ---------- ---------- ---------- 25-30 170 N-1 1-1
Sand in Frio Clay--------- La Rosa field, Texas _____ _ :::,;5, 900 ________ ---------- ---------- ---------- 32 50 N-1
qt:d
~
Oligocene and Miocene
.....
0
z00
Am~rilloF san_d ___________ , Guario dome, Venezuela __ , ..,6, 500. ..::;-----~----------~----------~----------~22-26 541 N-1
Oficma formatiOn (sands). Anaco fields, Venezuela ___ ..,4, 50o- -9,500 ---------- ---------- ---------- 18-20
Do.------------------- Greater Oficina area, 3, OOD-7, 700____ Many ---------- ---------- 21-30
Venezuela.
54 N-1
69 N-1 IAverage of aver-
ages, 26 per-
~
0
cent. ~
l'l:i
0
Miocene c
IIl
Kirkwood Formation ______ , New Jersey---------------~ =800 _________ _ 5 30.2 44.3 38.0 1. 63 I 2. 01 143 T-5 Fine to gravelly. l'l:i
Catahoula Sandstone______ Gulf coast, U.S.A _________ 232-248 _______ _
Do __ ------------------ Saxet field, Texas--------- ..,4, 400 _______ _ Many
2 40.0
29
40.9
42
40.5
35
81
121
N-2
N-1 Medium to ~
Fleming Formation of for- Gulf coast, U.S.A_________ 346-1, 852 _____ _ 9 31.3 50.1 41.2 81 N-2
coarse. ~
mer usage.
Lombardi sand ___________ _ San Ardo field, California. ...2, 100 ________ 1_________ _ 8 N-1
~
~~. o ~----23~2-·c::::::::c::::::::
40
Modelo Formation, lower Santa Monica Mountains, Outcrop_______ 2 22.4 80 T-2 Graywacke.
part. Calif.
Miocene A-2 sand _______ _
Salinas Shale (sandstone) __
Wasco field, California ___ _
Santa Barbara County,
13,095-13, 130 __
Outcrop_______
1----------1 12 l
24 ~----------~----------~----------
1 ---------- ---------- 33. 3 1. 78 2. 11
156
98
N-1
T-2 Dip 55°.
Calif. 10,008-10, 178__ __________ 18 I 20 __________ __________ _________ _
~~~;~~~ ~!~tz~~~~::::::::j.=-~l_oJc!~ -~~1~:-~~~!~~~~~:::
28 N-1
... w, ooo_______ 2 __________ __________ 21.9 2. 08 2. 30 76 A-5
Stevens sand, F-1 section.. South Coles Levee field, 9, 294-9,438 1 103 1 3. 8 24.9 1 18.9 1---------- 1---------- 57 A-9 I Standard
Calif. deviation, 4.1
Stevens sand.--.-----------~ Ten ~action field, Cali-~ ""8, 100 ________ 1 Many
forma.
15 I 30 20 90 I
N-1
percent.
Precambrian
(")
Grenville Marble __________ , Ontario, Canada __________ , Quarry ________ , 0
0.01 1 1.06 1 0.351 2. 771 2. 771 1121 A-2
91
~
Cambrian ~
ttl
Bonneterre Dolomite ______ Near Bonne Terre, Mo. __ Subsurface ____ ------------------------------ 3.3
Do __________________________ do __________________________ do ___________________ ---------- ---------- -------- __
2. 66 2.69 16 A-16
A-16 I Galena bearing.
~
1-j
3.30
2. 61
----------
2. 70
16
110 T-2 0
Gallatin Limestone ________ Afton quadrangle, Wyo- Outcrop ___ --- ---------- ---------- ---------- 8. 6
ming. z
U1
Gros Ventre Formation _________ do __________________________ do _________ ---------- ---------- ---------- 11.0 2.40 2. 51 110 T-2
Ophir Formation (lime- Ophir, Utah.------------- Mine __________ ---------- ---------- ---------- .26 2. 78 2. 78 173 A-16 8
stone). 0
0
Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician t:.1
0
Group (lime-~
Arbuckle Various fields, Kansas _____ l2,887-4,202 _____ 1 261 1. 21 19.81 10.3 ----------1----------1 1231 A-9
~t:.1
st'E~~:------------------- Woodrow field, Oklahoma. ""1,900. ------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 2-8 ---------- ---------- 95 N-1
1
~
Lower Ordovician
~
~
Ellenburger Group (lime- Riley Mountain, Llano Outcrop _____ _ 12 0.1 0. 7 0.5 2.69 2. 70 62 T-2 Sublithographic. ~
stone). County, Tex.
Ellenburger Group 0 dolo- _____ do __________________________ do ________ _ 23 1.1 12.6 4.3 2. 72 2. 76 62 T-2 Micro-
mite). granular.
Do _________________________ .do __________________________ do ________ _ 11 1. 3 7.1 3.6 2. 73 2. 77 62 T-2 Fine grained.
Do _________________________ .do __________________________ do ________ _ 2.6 2. 78 62 T-2 Medium
6 1.7 4.3 2. 75
Do __________________________ do _________________________ .do ________ _ grained.
2 2.6 5.0 3.8 2. 73 2. 77 62 T-2 Coarse grained.
Ellenburger Group (cherty _____ do __________________________ do ________ _
limestone). Group (cal- _____ do __________________________ do ________ _
1 ---------- ---------- .4 2.69 2.69 62 T-2
Ellenburger
citic dolomite).
---------- ---------- .8 2. 74 2. 75 62 T-2
Ellenburger Group (dolo- _____ do __________________________ do ________ _
mitic limestone).
---------- ---------- 1.5 2. 75 2. 77 62 T-2
Do ________________ -----
!
Do •...••.•.•••••••..••. p.,moin Bwdn, W"'t
---~~~------- _------ ____ ___
Bg::::::::::::::::::::: :::::~g:::::: :::::::::::::::
I ~s.soo ........
8,857-8,893 _____
~:~~~=~:~~t:::
l
~ r-------r--------1
36 ---------- ----------
36 ---------- ----------
36 ---------- ----------
u
3. 30 r--------r--------1
---------- ----------
1. 51 ---------- ----------
1. 79 ---------- ----------
T4
7
7
7
A-4
A-4
A-4
I porosity.
MakU
All porosity.
Matrix porosity
Fracture and
vug porosity.
'"d
0
~
0
Ordovician Ul
81-<j
Trenton Limestone (medi- Rose Hill field, Virginia ___
urn crystalline).
Subsurface ____ ---------- ---------- ---------- 1.2 ---------- ---------- 102 N-1 Producing, 2
wells.
_____ do _________
---------- ---------- ~t:;::j
Trenton Limestone (finer _____ do _____ ---------------_ .6 102 N-1 Producing, 1
crystalline). well.
_____ do _________
Kingsport Formation Mascot, Term _____________
(dolomite).
3 ---------- ---------- .7 2.84 2.85 172 A-16
Do ____ ---------------- Jefferson City, Term ______ 56-285 _________ 7 0.4 2.3 1.3 2. 78 2. 79 172 A-16 td
Martinsburg Shale (lime- Sand Hill well, Wood
County, W. Va ____________ 9,416_- -------- 1 ---------- ---------- .6 2. 71 2. 72 (1) A-15 c:t
stone). t'4
_____ do _____________________ 9,577-9,664 _____ 6 .3 2. 7 .9 2.67 2.68 (1) A-15 p;j
Trenton Limestone (quartz-
itic).
Black River Limestone ____ _____ do ________ ---------- ___ 9,791-10,511__ __ 35 .1 1.4 .4 2. 70 2. 70 (1) A-15 t:;::j
Beekmantown Group _____ do _____________ ----- ___ 10,531-11,945 ___ 56 .1 1.1 .4 2.80 2.80 (1) A-15 l::':l
(dolomite). z
Prairie du Chien Group Wisconsin _________________ Quarry-------- 4 11.1 13.4 12.4 2.43 2.55 22 A-1 Ul
(dolomite).
Trenton Limestone (dolo- _____ do _____ --- _____________ _____ do _________ 2 .9 1.2 1.0 2.81 2.82 22 A-1 81-<j
mite).
Kimmswick Limestone ____ Dupo pool, Illinois ________ 401-445 ________ 44 1.9 17.0 10.8 ---------- ---------- 118 A-6 0
Do _________ ----------- _ _____ do _____________________ =600 __________ 4 11.6 16.5 15.8 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9 1-:rJ
Viola Limestone ___________ Cunningham field, Kan- 4,048-4,051_ ____ 3 2. 9 3.1 3.0 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9
sas. Ul
Simpson Group ____________ _____ do _____________________ 4,051-4,117----- 36 5. 7 22.3 13.3 123 A-9 l::':l
Bighorn Dolomite __ ------- Afton quadrangle, Wyo- Outcrop _______ 8.6 -----2:59- -----2:68- 110 T-2 t:;::j
~
ming.
Beekmantown Group Ontario, Canada __________ Quarry-------- 4 1.3 12.6 4.6 2.66 2. 71 112 A-2 4 locali tie~.
(limestone, dolomote). _____ do _____________________ _____ do _________
~
Black River Group (lime- 11 .07 1.67 .46 2. 72 2. 72 112 A-2 10 localities.
stone).
>
Silurian ~
~
Brassfield Limestone ______ Piqua, Ohio _______________ ---------- ---------- 1. 3 2.8 ---------- 173 A-16 Dolomitic.
_____ do _____________________ do _________ ----------
Quarry--------
_____ 0
Do ____ ----------------
Niagara Group (dolomite)_ Maple Grove, Ohio _______ _____ do _________ 2. 7
8. 6
2.6
2. 4
----------
----------
173
173
A-16
A-16 ~
_____ do _________ --------2- -----3:4-- -----4:o--
DO--------------------- Gibsonburg, Ohio _________
Do _____________________ Lucky, Ohio ______________ _____ do _________ 2 3.0 8.5
3. 7
5.8
2.6
2.5
---------- 173
173
A-16
A-16
Ul
Red Mountain Formation Bessemer, Ala _____________ 1,400.--------- .9 2.83 ----T84- 172 A-16
(limestone). t;j
Do __________________________ do_____________________ Mine _________ ---------- ---------- A-16 Limonitic.
---------- .6 2.92 2.93 172 t-.0
-;:a
Footnotes on p. E34.
TABLE 2.-Limestone, dolomite, chalk, and marble-Continued ~
~
Porosity (percent) Average bulk Method 00
Source of Number density (gcm-a) of
Stratigraphic unit Locality material or of Reference porosity Remarks
depth (feet) samples
Min- Max- I Average Dry I WaW-
deter-
mination
-------------
imum
I imum saturated
Silurian-Continued
(")
Niagara Dolomite _________ Wisconsin _________________ Quarry _______ 141 l 0. 5 6. 7 I 2.9 2. 74 2. 77 22 A-1
I 63 localities.
0
Guelph Dolomite__________
Niai!'ara Group (limestone,
Ontario, Canada _______________ do_________
_____ dO--------------------- _____ do_________
3
6
14.6
4. 4
15.9
13.4
15.4
9.1
2.41
2.54
2.56
2.63
112
112
A-2
A-2 localities. ~
l;l::J
dcbmite). ~
Salina Dolomite___________ W. Becher pool, Ontario __ 1,850-1,925 _____ __________ __________ _________ _ 10 127 N-1 t:x:l
-----i6i" ----T64-
Limestone_________________ Various localities, Great ---------------- 1
Britain.
4 1 1. 4 1 6. 3 2.8 105 A-2
§
0
Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian z
'{]).
8
Hunton Group (limestone)-~ Hollow pool, Kansas _____ _ Subsurface ___ _
6,947-7,296 ____ _ 1 1----------1----------1 23. 6 ,----------,---------- 1231
97 A-9
N-1
0
H¥x;;~~~~~~~~-~-~i~-~~~~c- -~~~~~~~-~~-~~1~:--~~:~~-
349 0. 10 14 ---------- ---------- ----------
"'='7,000 _______ _ 0
56 .5 18.2 97 N-1
Hunton Group, Bois _____ dO--------------------
d' Arc, Harragan, and
"'='7,000.- ------ 545 1.9 16.7 ---- -7~a·-,::::::::::1:::::::::: 91 N-1 8 wells.
l"'..
0
Henryhouse Limestone. @
l"'..
Devonian ~
~
~
Columbus Limestone _____ _ Barberton, Ohio.--------- Quarry--------~ 3~----------~---------- 0. 7 2.69 2. 70 172 A-16
Do __ ------------------ Columbus, Ohio __ -------- _____ do __ ------ ---------- ---------- ---------- 5.4 2.60 2.65 17 A-16
Spore, Ohio ___________________ .do __ ------ 4 5. 2 6. 4
Delaware Limestone ______ _
Devonian Limestone ______ _
5.8 2.5 ---------- 173 A-16
Crawford-Main pool, Illi- 2,935-2,948_____ 14 3. 8 11.8 8.1 ---------- ---------- 118 A-6
Dundee Limestone (dolo-
mite).
nois.
Coldwater field, Michigan ,.3,750 _______ _ 16 ,__________ ,_________ _ 2.5 ---------- ---------- 33 N-1 I Matrix porosity.
Rogers City Limestone _____ do____________________ ""'3,750. _------
(dolomite).
39 ·----------·---------- 4.2 ---------- ---------- 33 N-1 Do.
Ouray Limestone__________ Rattlesnake field, San 7,005-7,015 ____ _
Juan County, N.Mex.
6 1.4 2. 7 2.0 ---------- ---------- 71 N-1
Jetre~s6n-:DoiOffiite~~======= -A:ito~
0 1
-<itiad.I-iillii"e-,--wy.<>-:.- -~~~~~~~'_ !~--:~~=
4 7.6 12.9 10.0
6.2 ----T65- -----if7i- 71
110
N-1
T-2
I Porous zone.
1 . __ - - - - - - - · - - - - - - - - - - · - - - - - - - - - -
ming.
!
D-3 zone dolomite _________ Leduc field,
Canada.
Alberta, ,4,850-5,400 _____ ,__________ ,__________ ,_________ _ 13
861 N-1
D-3 zone ____ -------------- _____ do __________ ---------- 5,15Q-5,300 ____ _ 25 2. 5
3. 5 ,____ 6. 8
6 ,------~6--r-----2~7-
---------:,::::::::::
------ 1--------- ----------
160
160
N-1
N-1
Dense matrix.
Entire matrix.
Limestone __ ---------------1 Various loc.alities, Ger- ·---------------- 1.9 ---------- 72 A-3 '"d
many. 0
~
0
Mississippian r.Jl
~
fields, Montana.
Do_------------------- Afton quadrangle, Wyo- ---------------- 3.6 2.61 I 2. 65 110 T-2
ming.
Rundle Formation:
l
~
Upper porous zone _____ Turner Valley field, Al-· ""6,900- ------- 48.· 2.0 19.6 10.8 55 N-1 Dolomite, lime-
berta, Canada. stone.
Lower porous zone __________ do ____________________ _ 10.4 55 N-1 Do.
Upper porous zone __________ do ____________________ _ 4,5t0-6,730
~
""7.!100 ________
_____ ,----------
84 ·,----------,----------
1 20 10 92 T-2 Dolomitic.
Lower porous zone __________ do ____________________ _ 5,020-6,970 _____ ---------- 1 20 10 92 T-2 Do.
!;1;1
Pennsylvanian 0
Larurln• I
and """"'" City Ellingwood fi'ld,
Formations. KamruLI ~3,340. _______ 1 •1 6.21 25.31 12.6
~----------~-- --------1 1231 A-9 ~
Canyon reef limestone_____ Scurry field, Texas________ .,6,800________ 2,109 0 31.6 6.3 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9
Crinoidallimes~one________ Todd Deep field, Texas___ .,5,800 ________ ---------- ---------- ---------- 11.7 ---------- ---------- 78 N-1 t:;j
Marble Falls Lunestone ___ Erath County, Tex _______ 3,363-3,461_____ 3 7.3 20.7 15.3 ---------- ---------- 119 A-ll
~
~
TABLE 2.-Limestone, dolomite, chalk, and marble-Continued t?;j
~
Average bulk Method
0
Porosity (percent)
Source of Number density (gcm-3) of
Stratigraphic unit Locality material or of Reference porosity Remarks
------------ ~--~~
Carboniferous
c
~
Carboniferous limestone___ Midlands, England_______ Outcrop______ _ 24 2.2 14.9 5. 7 2.52 2.58 113 T-2 30 percent
MgCOa.
;
Limestone_________________ Micheldean, Great Brit- _____ do ________ _ 2 9.0 9.4 9.2 2.45 2.53 105 A-2
ain.
Do ____________________ Hilton, Great Britain _____ Outcrop ______ _ 105 A-2 Under Whinsill.
1 ---------- ---------- 2.2 2.59 2.61
Do_____________________ Germany ___ -------------- Quarry-------- 2 .6 1.3 1.0 ---------- ---------- 72 ---------- 2localities.
foo-l
Permian 0
I ~
Brown dolomite ___________ Moore County, Tex_ ______ l3,574-3,614 ____ _
Limestone_-- ___ ----- ___________ do~---- _______ --------- 3,614-3,644 ____ _
15
8
3.2
6.3
27.1
12.2
11.7
8. 5
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
(2)
(2)
A-10
A-10
Pe.-moable.
Imp3rmeable. 1-3
Permian limestone _________ Big Sp ings field, Texas ___ ""9,000. ______ _
Rex chert Member of Afton quadrangle, Wyo- ----------------1
5
----------
11.9 22.2
---------- ----------
17.9
17.0 ---·-raa· -----i5o- 123
110
A-9
T-2
Dolomite(?). 0
Phosphoria Formation. ming.
Zechstein__________________ Germany ___ -------------- Outcrop ______ _ 1 ---------- ---------- 3.1 2.64 2.67 r 56 T•3 ~
Do ____ ---------------- Various localities, Ger- Quarry-------- 3 4.1 21.3 12.3 ---------- ---------- ~ 72 A-3 0
~
. many.
Dolomite__________________ Aktyubin area, U.S.S.R... Subsurface ___ _ 4 ---------- ---------- 4.1 2. 62 2.66 108 T
Limestone.----- ____ ------- _____ do ______________ ------- _____ do ________ _ 1 ---------- ---------- 5. 2 2. 75 2.80 108 T
~
MarL--------------------- Kungur salt basin, _____ do ________ _ 5 ---------- ---------- 7.6 2. 62 2. 70 108 T
U.S.S.R.
Do ____________________ Aktyubin area, U.S.S.R. _______ do ________ _
14 ---------- ---------- 8.4 2.53 2.61 108 T
~
Paleozoic(?) ~
Cockeysville Marble _______ , Cockeysville, Md _________ , QuarrY--------1----------1=---1----=1 0.6 l 2.87 J 2.88 1721 A-16 I Dolomitic.
Triassic
~
land.
Marble_------------------- Can ton Gran b ii nden, _____ do _________ 2 2.1 2.9 2.5 2.64 2.67 63 T-4
Switzerland.
Jurassic
~
Reynolds ooli~~------------ Cairo field, Arkansas ______ , ""7,800 _-------~----------~----------~---------- 17 ---------- ---------- 61 N-1 Porous.
Reynolds Oollt1c, Member Dorcheat pool, Arkansas__ 9,018-9,093 _____ ----------
of Smackover Formation.
2 20 12 ---------- ---------- 152 N-1
~
Reynolds oolite____________ Schuler field, Arkansas ___ _ 7,650-7, 750-----1----------~----------1
Reynolds oolitic limestone_ Various fields, Arkansas __ 7,25Q-7,650_____
Smackover Formation __________ do ____________________ _ ""7,850________
4 16.4
23
20.0
16.7
18.0
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
163
123
N-1
A-9 ~
150 0 23.9 14.5 ---------- ---------- 123 A-9 t::;
Do _____________________ McKamie-Patton pool, ""9,300 ______ __1 N-1
1, 767 ---------- ---------- 14.2 ---------- ---------- 133 l_:lj
Arkansas.
Do _____________________ McKamie field, Arkansas-~9,120-9,38L ___ _ 14 0 16.4 7.5
-----2:75- -----2:75- 123 A-9 z
~
Twin Creek Limestone ____ Aft~n quadrangle, Wyo- ----------------1----------·----------·---------- 0.2 110 T-2
mmg.
Carmel formation (lime- Near Huntington Utah ___ 5-20 __________ _ .2 4.6 2.0 2. 65 2.67 173 A-16
stone).
Inferior oolite _____________ _ Cotteswolds, England_____ Outcrop ______ _ 3 5.5 24.0 13.4 2. 33 2.46 105 A-2 0
Oolite ________ ----- ________ _ Clove Hill and Lock- _____ do ________ _ 2 14.3 18.3 16.3 2.25 2.41 105 A-2 b;l
hampton Hall, England.
New Red marL __________ _ Leamington, England __________ do _________
Do ____________________ _ England __________________ Deep boring__ l1
4
I
30· 0
4. 8
I
34·
10.0
4 32.2
7.5
---------- ---------- 141
141
A-2
A-2
'(]).
l_:lj
Portland limestone_------- Great Britain _____________ Outcrop_______ 1 ---------- ---------- 8.6 -----2~54- -----2~63-
73 A-2 t::l
White Lias_--------------- 'riverton, England _____________ do_________
Limestone __________ ------- St.
1 ---------- ----------
Marcet anticline, ""6,000 ________ ---------- ---------- 18-20
France.
9.4
10
2.44 2.53
---------- ----------
105
134
A-2
N !
s<?le~~oieii--:Liillestoiie=====l-~~~~:-~=-~================ -ouicrop-(?5====
I
5.0 72 A-3
-----2~57- -----2~61- (!) A-15
231 ,----------,----------
1. 2 5. 7 3. 9
Limestone_________________ Cantons of Aargau, Basel- Quarry-------- 114 .4 25.6 3.6 2.63 2.66 63 T-4 Dip 8° or more,
Land, Bern, Freiburg. or not recorded.
Neuenberg, Solothurn,
St. Gallen, Tessin, =xl
Vaud, and Zurich, 0
Switzerland.
Do ____________________ _l Mostly from Canton J _____ do ________ _ 18 .9 10.7 5.4 2. 57 I 2.63 63 I T-4 Dip 7° or less.
a
Schaffhausen, Switzer- gj
land.
No. 3l~mestone ____________ , Dukhan field, Qatar_ -----1
5,600-6,600 _____ , Many---~----------~----------
No. 4limestone _________________ do_____________________ 5,6oo-6,600 ________ do _____ ---------- ----------
16
21
381 N-1
38 N-1 t_:g
CJ.:)
Footnotes on p. E34. }--'-
~
CJ-j
TABLE 2.-Limestone, dolomite, chalk, and marble-Continued ~
- - - - -
imum
I imum l A - saturated
(")
~
Cretaceous
!
Dees oolitic limestone ______ Rodessa field, Louisiana ... ~5,450 ________ , 74 8.0 32.0 ~0 123 A-9 ~
~
Dees Coquina limestone ________ do __ ------------------ :::::: 5,450________ 20 7.0 29.7 m2 123 A-9 to
Kilpatrick zone____________ Sugar Creek field, Louis!- ~4,520 ________ ---------- 14 23 ~ 27 N-1
ana.
Sligo Formation_---------- Haynesville field, Louis!- ::::::5,300________ •----------·----------·---------- mo 1 N-1
~
~
ana, Arkansas. 0
Caddo limestone___________ Eastland County, Texas __ 2,913(?) _______ 1
Glen Rose Limestone______ Bell County Texas _______ _ 20.5-33.5_ -----
21
10
4.21
16.0
4.4
18.8
~3
~8
2. 58
2.21
2.62
2.37
99
119
T-2
A-ll
z
[/).
Do __ ------------------ Ham Gossett field, Texas_ 5,700-6.200.--- ---------- ---------- ---------- ~ 168 N-1
Glen Rose ("Bacon") _____ do._------------------ 6,400-6,500.--- ---------- ---------- ---------- 6 168 N-1 f-3
Limestone. 0
Do ____________________ New Hope field, Texas ____ _ 7,237-7,426. ___
Do._------------------ _____ do __ ------------------ ::::::7,300 ________ Many
61 I 1. 2l 23.3
---------- ----------
tl9
m9
123
154
A-9
N-1 0
Do __ ------------------ Pickton field, Texas ______ _ :::::: 7,900________ w 164 N-1 19 wells. tz.l
380 ---------- ---------- 0
RodesEa Formation (lime- Ham Gossett field, Texas_ 6,600-6,800.--- 1---------- ---------- ---------- M 168 N-1
~
stone).
Niobrara Formation Pickston, S.Dak.--------' Subsurface ___ _ 15 ·---------- ·----------·---------- 1. 63 16 A-16
(chalk).
I
Bear River Formation Afton quadrangle, Wyo- •----------------·----------·----------•----------
(sandy limestone). ming.
4.6 2.61 2.66 110 T-2 es
~
to~ 51-----=~=~-~-----=~~=-
P~terson Limestone __ ----- _____ do __ ------------------,-::.:------:.::-----~----------~----------~---------- 110 T-2
Limestone _________________ La Paz field, Venezuela ___ ~4,ooo-~s,ooo ---------- ---------- ---------- 48 N-1
Chalk_-------------------- Balmoral, Great Britain___ Outcrop_----- 1 ---------- ---------- 1 9. 1 2. 44 2. 53 105 A-2 Altered by
basalt.
~
Do __ ------------------ Various localities, Great ~-----do __ ------~ 31 17.61 42.8 28.8 1. 94 2.23 105 A-2
Britain.
Do __ ------------------ Germany_---------------- Quarry_------ 3 2. 3 7. 0 72 A-3
Senonian chalk __ ---------- Reitbrook field, Germany_ Subsurface ____ ---------- ---------- ----------
Limestone __ ------------- __ Cantons of Bern, Neuen- Quarry_------ 29 .4 18.3
5. 8,----------,----------
25
4.3
---------- ----------
2.60 2.65
124
63
N
T-4 Folded rocks;
berg Schwyz, St. Gal- dip 10° or
len, Unterwalden, Vaud, more.
and Wallis, Switzerland.
Globigerina limestone Ain Zalah field, Iraq_ -----1 Subsurface ____ ,---------- •---------- •---------- 0-11 ·----------·---------- 38 N-1
(marly).
F.!oc:ene
Green River Formation Rifle, Colo ________________ Mine ________ _ 11 0. 2 12.0 2. 9 2.23 2.26 172, 173 A-16
(marlstone). "'tt
Green River Formation _____ do __ ------------------ ______ _do _____ _ 3 ·----------·---------- 1.6 2.10 2.12 16 A-16 0
(limestone). ~
Limestone, porous.-------- Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall ""4, 000 _______ _ 4 1---------- L_ ________ l_________ _ll. 84-1. 89 17 A-16 0
Islands.
Limestone, hard ________________ do __ ------------------
Limestone _________ ·------- Cantons of Bern, Schwyz,
St. Gallen, and Vaud,
Switzerland.
""4, 000 _____ ---
Quarry-------- ~ ,-------:n------2:6T ____ i:7-- ~: ~~ ,-----2:7o-
17
63
A-16
T-4 I Dip 20°-80°. ~
~
I:!
Miocene
lXI
Limestone, sandy ••. -------1 Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall I 1, 100-2,687 ___ _
Island.
2 '---- ------ '- --------- '- --------- 1. 21 17 A-16 g
p:j
Limestone, porous _________ ---------------------------- ----------------~ 2 ~----------~----------~----------~ 1. 83 17 A-16
Limestone, semiporous _____ ---------------------------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 2. 39 17 A-16
~
Limestone, hard ___________ ---------------------------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 2. 25-2.51 17 A-16
Limestone_________________ Canton Schaffilausen, Quarry-------- 1 ---------- ---------- 18.3 2. 24 -----2:42" 63 T-4
Switzerland.
~
Asmari limestone __________ Masjidi Sulaiman field, Subsurface ___ _ 140 ·---------- 22.8 5.6 88 A Well D.
Iran.
19.3 A Well H.
B~ ==================== ============================ =====~~ =====::T·-----27"1------i:i"
6.6 88
13.0 88 A Dolomite, o-10
Do _________________________________ -------- ___________ .do _______ _ 12 1. 5 12.0 ·----------·----------·---------- 88 A
percent.
Dolomite, 11-25 ~
percent.
·I---------r-------r··-----
Do_- __________________ -------- __________ ---------- _____ do _______ _ 8 2. 5 88 A Dolomite, 26-50 00
t>j
percent. I:!
Do __ ------------------ ---------------------------- _____ do._------ 2 13.0 a ---------- ---------- ----------
15.8 88 A Dolomite, 51-75
Do ___ ----------------- ---· ------------------------ _____ do __ ------ 7 4.2 16.1 ---------- ---------- ---------- 88 A
percent.
Dolomite, 75
percent.
5
! IOutcroP-------~
Quaternary
~
Calcareous tufa ____________ Cantons of Freiburg, St.
Gallen, and Unter-
walden, Switzerland.
'I 7. 0 I 27. •J 19. ·J 2. 00 I ~I ~I
2. N I t:d
0
a
P:t
00
t;j
~
TABLE 2.-Limestone, dolomite, chalk, and marble-Continued t?j
Ct-.j
Porosity (percent) Average bulk Method ~
Sourre of Number density (gcm-3) of
Stratigraphir unit Locality material or of Reference porosity Remarks
depth (feet) samples det!'r-
Min-
imum
Max-
imum
I Average Dry Isaturated
Water- mination
----- ----
I ----
~
Marble ••••..•••••••.•••••• Eastern U.S.A. (31locali- Mostly 100 0.4 0.8 0.6 2. 74 2. 75 82 T-2
ties). quarry.
Do._------------------ Missouri__________________ Quarry_.----- 4 ---------- ---------- 2.1 2.66 2.68 82 T-2 ~
Do __ --------·-···--··· California. _____________________ do._------ 4 ---------- ---------- .6 2. 84 2. 85 82 T-2 1-4
Do •• ------------------ Tokeen...t Alaska.---------- _____ do •• ------ 3 ---------- ---------- .5 2. 72 2. 72 82 T-2 td
Do._------------------ Tiree, ureat Britain .• ---- Outcrop ______ _ 1 ---------- ---------- 1.0 2.65 2.66 105 A-2
§
Oolitic limestone ___________ , Great Britain _____________ , Outcrop. ____ _
Dolomite._---------------- Micheldean, England __________ do __ ------
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
20.3
8.6
2.16
2.54
2. 36
2.63
73
73
T-2
T-2 ~
Ul
Limestone _________________ Buxton, Darby, England. _____ do _______ _ ---------- ---------- 14.1 2.31 2.45 73 T-2
8
0
t E. C. Robertson, written communication, 1962.
2 Phillips Petroleum Co., written communication. 0
t:e.l
0
~
TABLE 3.-Shale, claystone, and slate
Source of Number
Porosity (percent) Average bulk
density (gcm-3)
Method
of ~
StratigraphiC' unit Locality material or of Reference porosity Remarks ~
depth (feet) samples
Min- Max- IAverage Dry I w,,,_ deter-
mination ~
imum
I imum
sa_t~~a~~ ------- -----
Precambrian
lite).
!
Goodrich Quartzite (argil-~ Ishpeming, Michigan _____ Mine ________ _ 3
1----------1···----- --~---- ------ 2.85
171 A-16
Negaunee Iron-Formation •••• .dO-------------------- 1,000 .••••••••• 2 ---------- ---------- 0. 6 2.93 2. 94 172 A-16
(white slate).
Nonesuch Shale (siliceous)_ White Pine, Michigan____ Mine •••.•••••• 6 1.5 1. 7 1. 6 2. 76 2. 78 16 A-16
Cambrian
Gros Ventre Formation Afton quadrangle, Wyo- OutcroP-------·----------·----------·---------- 11.1 2. 38 2.49 110 T-2
(shale). ming. '"d
Ophir Formation (shale)___ Ophir, Utah.------------- Subsurface ___ _ 2 ·----------·---------- .9 2. 81 2. 82 173 A-16 0
Ophir Formation (silicified _____ do.------------------- _____ do._------ 1 .6 2.80 2.81 173 A-16 ~
shale).
Ophir Formation Oime-
stone, shale).
••..• do.------------------- _____ do._------ .6 2. 92 2.93 173 A-16 I
Mln,,.liz,d.
0
~~
Ordovician
Martinsburg Shale _________ , Bangor, Pennsylvania.- --1 Quarry --------1----------1----------1----------1 1.01 2. 741 2. 751 1721 A-16 I Slate. ~
ttl
~
Silurian
Shale----------------------~ Various localities, Great I Outcrop ______ _ 2. 0 I 10.1 5.2 2. 54 I 2. 59 105 A-2
l::::l
Britain. tz:j
Wenlock Shale:
Weathered _____ ------- Malvern, England.------- _____ do ________ _
Unweathered __________ .•••• do _______________ ------ j_ ____ do ________ _
14.1 141 A-2 z
UJ.
5. 8 141 A-2
Devonian
~
Slate. _____ ----------------1 Various localities, Ger-1 Quarry --------1 34 I Rooting ffiate.
~
721 A-3
Do_____________________ H~:,nb~eat Britain_______ Outcrop ______ _
191
2
1. 71
1.3
13.0
3. 5
I
. 1----------1----------l,
2. 4 ---------- ---------- 141 A-2
r/2
tz:j
l::::l
Devonian and Mississippian ~
tz:j
~
991
Cha~~~~~:~-~~-~1~-------~~===i ~:!,~~~~l&vfif~t~~~==::l ~~e~~f~~~::::j--------~-~------~~~-~------~~~-~------~~~-
Cbattanooga Shale, silty ________ do __________________________ do_________ 2 1. 6 1. 7 1. 7 ~:2. ~~30 1-----~~~~-
2. 32
17
17
T-2
A-16
A-16
Hamilton shale.----------- Hannibal, Mo .. __ -------- Outcrop______ 1 ---------- ---------- 11.3 2. 32 2. 43 67 T-2
Mississippian ~
0
(shale).
I
Maxville Limestone Muskingum County, Subsurface ___ _
Ohio.
I 3 '---- ------.---------- ·--- ------- 2.56 171 A-16 ~
r/2
Shale overlying Keener Monroe County, Ohio_____ 1,445-1,475 ____ _ 2 9. 7 11.0 10.4 2.43 2. 54 98 T-2
sand.
Ridgetop Shale (silty) _____ Near Smithville, Tenn____ ""150 _________ _ 6 ·----------·----------·---------- 2. 71 17 A-16 ~
~
~
TABLE 3.-Shale, claystone, and slate-Continued ~
~
~
Pennsylvanian
Shale ______________________ Ponca City and Garber 17 2.25 2.42 6 N From graph.
1,000- -------- _,_ --------- ,_ ------ ___ ,__ --------
areas, Oklahoma.
m
'"d
Permian ~
I ~
Wellington Formation
(shale).
Selma, Kans ______________ , Outcrop ______ ,
Triassic ~
U2
!
Ankareh Shale _____________ Afton quadrangle, Wyo-~ Outcrop _______ ,__________ •----------•----------
ming.
9.2 2.40 2.49
110 I T-2 ~
W(~~a1~ ~de . For~~tion _____ do ___ ----------------- _____ do ___ -----~----------,---------- •---------- 16.1 2.24 2.40 110 T-2 0
~
Clay, nonplastw (Brockel- Heidelberg, Germany----- ---------------- 1 •---------- •---------- 18.0 2. 21 2.39 115 T-2 Weak folding,
schiefer). U2
1::":1
Jurassic
~
Morrison Formation (clay-~ Long Park, Colo __________ l203-245..•.. ----
,.. '1·--------l·-------1 (') I ~
6 8.8 20.3
stone). A-9
Kimmeridge clay __________ Oxford and Filey, Eng- Outcrop ______ _ 2 19.0 30.7 24.8 ---------- ---------- 141 A-2
land.
LiB$. clay_----------------- Bath and Robin Hoods _____ do._------ 3 22.5 27.7 24.4 ---------- ---------- 141 A-2 ~
Bay, England, l;:d
0
Footnotes on p. E40.
~
~
~
~
TABLE 3.-Shale, claystone, and slate-Continued t-;j
C;.j
Porosity (percent) Average bulk Method
00
Sourr.e of Number density (gem-S) or
Stratigraphic unit Locality material or or Reference porosity Remarks
depth (feet) samples
Min- Max- I
Average Dry I Water-
detrr-
ruination
imum
Cretaceous
I imum sat~rat~d
------ -~~-- ~--~ ----
Middendorf Formation Aiken and Richland Outcrop ______ _ 2 39.0 42.3 40.7 1.55 1.96 67 T-2 c
0
(white clay). Counties, S.C.
Graneros shale _____________ Hamilton County, Kans •• _____ do________ 2 24.6 25.2 24.9 1.99 2.23 67 T-2 Not weathered. z1-3
Graneros(?) shale ___________ ••••• do ____________________ 3, 029-3, 950____ 3 9. 2 11.6 10.6 2.37 2.47 67 T-2 Ransom well. ~
Do ___ ----------------- _____ do ___ ----------------- 4, 485-5, 006____ 3 8. 7 9. 6 9.1 2.46 2.55 67 T-2 Do. 1-1
Pennsylvanian(?) shale _________ do.------------------- 5, 355-5, 440.... 3 7. 7 8. 4 8.1 2. 52 2. 61 67 T-2 Do. b:l
Mentor Formation (shale)_ Falun, Kans.------------- Outcrop_______ 2 22.9 23.3 23.1 2.06 2.29 67 T-2 c:l
Adaville Formation (mud- Afton quadrangle, Wyo- ..••• do •••••••• -------------------- ---------- 23.0 2.07 2.30 110 T-2 1-3
1-1
stone). mlng. 0
Ad a vIlle Form at ion .•••• do.-------------------
(shale).
.•••• do •• ------ ---------- ----------·---------- 11.9 2.34 2.46 110 T-2
z
r.JJ
Do.·------·---........ Sublette County, Wyo •• __ 13, 620 ________ _ 7.8 ---------- ---------- (2) A Permeability,
0.1 md.
13, 694 ________ _ 1-3
5. 7 ---------- ---------- (2) A Permeability,
<O.l md.
0
Hilliard Formation (shale)_ Afton quadrangle, Wyo- Outcrop(?) ____ ---------- 13.9 26.8 1.98-2.28 2.25-2.42 110 T-2 0
ming. t_:lj
Shale •• ---------·-·-------- Black Hills, Wyo., Mont. ---------------- 3 32. 5 37. 6 34.5 1.80 2.14 129 T-2 Dip 1°-5°. 0
Do._.----------------- .•••• do •• ------------------ ---------------- 3 25. 4 26. 0 25.6 1.99 2. 24 129 T-2 Dip 5°-10°. c
Do.------------------- _____ do ••• ----------------- ---------------- 1 ---------- ---------- 23.8 2.00 2.24 129 T-2 Dip 33°, ~
Do._--------·--------- ••••• do __ ------------------ ·--------------- 1 ---------- ---------- 35.8 1. 56 1.92 129 T-2 Dip 45°, t_:lj
25.3 1. 99 2. 24 129 T-2 Dip 50°,
Do._------------------ •..•. do ___ ----------------- ---------------- 1 ---------- ----------
Wayan Formation (clay) __ Afton quadrangle, Wyo- ---------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ming.
25.3 1. 80 2.05 110 T-2 ~
Wayan Formation (mud- _____ do_____________________ ,----------------,. ---------•-- ---·----, ---------- 28.6 1.90 2.19 110 T-2 ~
stone). ~
England.
I
Gault clay----------------- Aylrsford and Folkestone, Outcrop ______ _ 3 18.9 28.1 24.0 ---------- ---------- 141 A-2 to<~
---------- ----------
Outgr~p(?)::::
Specton clay--------------- England.----------------- .••• do ________ _ 13.6 141 A-2 Weathered.
l
Gosauschichten____________ Austria(?)_________________ 3
---------- ----------
1 ,----------,----------
.8 4. 7
8
2. 2 -----2:61" 2.63
141
115
A-2
T-2
Unweathered.
Folded.
Pale1cene
- -- • --- ------ "
Clay, plastic_______________ , Baden, Germany_ --------1 Pit____________ , 1 1----------1----------1 26.0 1 1. 90 1 2.161 1151 T-2 ~
Oligocene and Miocene
~1:1
Shale, undisturbed and Eastern Venezuela •• ______ 291-922________ 6 31.3 35.8 33.5 1. 73 2.06 68 T-2 WellsAB, CD,
~
nearly horizontal. _____ do_____________________ 1,637-1,920_____ EF.
Do. ___________ --------- _____ do_____________________ 2,031-2,996 _____ 3 27.4 28.7 28.0 1.93 2. 21 68 'l'-2 Wells AB, EF.
Do _____ ---------------- _____ do _____________________ 3,015-3,973 _____ 9 22.9 28.9 25.4 2.00 2. 25 68 T-2 WellAB.
9 17.8 25.6 21.1 2.14 2. 35 68 T-2 Do. ~
Do _____________________
•• ------------------- _____ do _____________________ 4,336-4,849_____
Do _____________________ _____ do _____________________ 5,007-5,502 _____ 3 14.2 17.8 16.3 2. 22 2.38 68 T-2 Do.
4 12.8 14.6 13.5 2.32 2.46 68 'l'-2 Do. 1:1
Do _______________ ------ ____ .do _____________________ 6,013-6,175 _____ 1:<.1
9.1 ________
10.6..,_
Do _____________________ _____ do _____________________ 6,523___________
3
1 ----------
9.6
12.1
2.42 2.52
---------- ----------
----------
68
68
'l'-2
T-2
Do.
Well GH. z
~t-<1
Do••••• ________________ ____ .do_____________________ 7, 749-7, 994.•• __ 2 10.3 10.4 10.4 ---------- 68 T-2 Do.
Miocene
0
Kirkwood Formation ______
Do._------------------
Yorktown, N.J. ___________ 4________ ------
_____ do ___ ----------------- lL ____________
1
1
----------
----------
----------
----------
51.9
40.3
1.30
1. 62
1.86
2.02
67
67
T-2
T-2
I
Yellow day.
Yellowigh clay.
~
U2
1:<.1
13.------------ 1 ---------- ---------- 38.6 1. 70 2.0~ 67 T-2 Blue clay.
1:1
Shale in Steven!'l sand ______ S. Coles Levee field. Cal!L 9,437-9,439 _____ 1 ---------- ---------- 8.0 -·-------- ---------- 57 A-9
I ~
Temblor Formation.------ Kettleman Hills, CaliL .. 6,25Q-9,332 _____ Many ---------- :<3 ----T76- 59 N
Clay, nonplastic ___________ 7. 0 -----2~6r 115 T-2
Austria.------------------ Mine.-------- 1 ---------- Slight folding.
Do._.----------------- ••••• do.------------------- Subsurface.--- 1 ---------- ---------- 22.5 2.01 2 24 115 'l'-2 Above coal.
I
Clay (plastic) ______________ ••••. do._------------------ Pit____________
Do ____________________ Near Egger, Austria ______ ----------------
1(?)
2
----------
42.0
----------
45.0
24.0
43.5
1. 90
1.43
2.14
1.87
115
115
T-2
T-2
Miocene(?)
Do.
~~~-- ~~---~··---
Pliocene
Clay (plastic in Congeria I Austria ___________________ , Pit ____________ , 26.0
I Ull Ull I 2.06 1151 T-2 I
Impure.
beds). 21 1.80
c
0
~
Tertiary
~ R. A. Cadigan, W. H. Caraway, G. L. Gates, and F. C. Morris, written com- 2 Superior Oil Co., written communication, 1959; F. R. Hays 1951, A petrographic
munication, 1955. study of deeply buried sandstones from the Superior Pacific Creek unit No. 1 well,
Sublette County, Wyoming: Unpublished dissertation~ Univ. Cincinnat~,
TABLE 4.-Unconsolidated materials
~
_____ do _____________________ _____ do _________ diameter.
Beach sand.--------------- 9 38.7 44.8 42.9 ---------- ---------- 51 T-7 Adjacent to
boulders.
Do _____________________ ~ Beach, Mass ________ _____ do. ________
Do _________________ ---- arblehead Beach, Mass. _____ do _________ 4 41.1 43.6 42.9 ---------- ---------- 51 T-7
Do _____________________
Do _____________________ _____ do ••
_____ do. ________
------------------- _____ do _________
_____________________
1
1
----------
----------
----------
----------
42.1
42.9
---------- ----------
---·------ ----------
51
51
T-7
T-7
Fine, wet.
Fine, dry. ~
Do _____________________ _____ do _____________________ _____ do _________ 1 ---------- ---------- 39.0 ---------- ---------- 51 T-7 Coarse, damp. z
w.
1 ---------- ---------- 34.0 ---------- ---------- 51 T-7 Coarser, damp.
---------------------------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
~
Band,Doartificially packed •••
_____________________ _____________ ,.. __ 1 ---------- 37.9 51 T-7 Wet.
----------------------------
Cape May Formation Runyon, N.J. _____________ Mostly pits •• _
1
8
----------
30.8
----------
45.3
37.0
40.1
----------
1. 50
----------
1.90
51
143
T-7
T-5
Dry.
Fine to medium
(sand). grained.
DO--------------------- Pleasantville, N.J. ________
Absecon,
!_ ___________
~
0-3~----------
N.J.------------ 0-2 4
4 25.5
30.8
30.0
39.9
27.7
36.6
1. 74
1.63
2.02
2.00
143
143
T-5
T-5
Poorly sorted.
Medium grained.
~
DO--------------------- _____ do _____________________ ____________
Cape May Formation 2 23.4 27.4 25.4 1. 83 2.08 143 T-5 Loose. w.
(gravel). !_ _____________ t>:l
Princeton, N.J. ___________ ---------- 53.2 1. 25 1. 78 143 T-5 Recent(?) t:::1
Silt
Sand ••_______________________
---------------------- 2-6 ____________ 1 ----------
Sand and graveL __________ Pine Old Bridge,
Island, N.J --------·-- 122-692________
La ___________
Sands ______________________ Gulf coast, U.S.A _________ 63-84__________
Terrace graveL------------ Various localities, Mon- Surface ________
4
19
2
43.6
24.9
36.4
46.6
40.1
40.8
45.0
32.4
38.6
1. 47
----------
----------
1. 92
----------
----------
143
81
81
T-5
N-2
N-2
Do.
5
~
4 23.6 27.1 25.0 2.03 2.28 143 T-5
tan a.
GraveL ____________________ Yellowstone River, Rose- _____ do _________ ---------- 20.2 2.19 2. 39 143 T-5
1 ----------
bud County, Mont.
Gravel (clinkered shale Tongue River, Mont______
_____ do _________
1 ---------- ---------- 29.3 1.36 1. 65 143 T-5 ~
and sandstone). ____ .do _____________________ _____ do _________ l;tl
Sand, very fine._----------
Fergus County, Mont_____ _____ do _________ 1 ---------- ---------- 49.9 1. 36 1. 86 143 T-5
0
GraveL-------------------- Clark 1 ---------- ---------- 25.1 1. 89 2.14 143 T-5
~
County, Idaho ______ 56Y-I----------- 1 ---------- ---------- 42.4 1. 51 1. 93 143 T-2
Clal>o::::::::::::::::::::: Jefferson County, Idaho __ 2~------------ 1 ---------- ---------- 62.9 1.00 1. 63 143 T-2
Surface materiaL.--------- Rogers Dry Lake, Calif___ Surface ________ 2 37.8 38.3 38.1 ---------- ---------- 98 T-2
Upper clay member ________ Mojave River, Calif_______ Outcrop _______
1 ---------- ---------- 43.1 1.55 1. 98 98 T-2 Above gravel
bank. ~
Lower clay member ________ ••.•• dO--------------------- _____ do _________ 1 ---------- ---------- 35.7 1. 73 2.09 98 T-2 Below gravel ~
bank. 1-'
t:r_j
~
TABLE 4.- Unconsolidated materials-Continued
~
44 49 87 T-5 Do.
50 54 87 T-5 Do.
Clay_______________________ Old lakebed, Sewerby, _____ do.________ 1 49.5 141 A-2 '(JJ
England. ==========
Boulder clay _______________ Bridlington, England ••.•. _____ do ________ _ 3 23.4 25.5 24.8 141 A-2 Pleistocene. 1-3
Do _____________________ Balby, England ________________ do ________ _ 2 23.9 24.1 24.0 141 A-2 Do. 0
Alluvial clay--------------- Orgreave, England _____________ do ________ _ 1 ·----------·---------- 30.2 141 A-2 Do.
Glacial clay ________________ Mecklenburg, Germany ___ Railroad cut •• 4 37 51 45 116 A Porosity by 0
l:?'j
water content. 0
Glacial fine sand.----------1 Pomerania, Germany _____ , 12-13_________ _ 42 1. 52 1. 94 116 T-2
18-19.. --------
25 __ --- --------
45
39
1.46
1. 63
1. 91
2.02
116
116
T-2
T-2 ~l:?'j
42--44_________ _
Coarse sand _______________ J San Diego, Calif •• --------1 Sea floor sedi- 3 ·----------·---------- 38.3 2.08 64 I A-7
ments, from "d
O-lin. below 0
depositional p;j
surface. 0
Medium sand ___________________ do ••.------------------ _____ do_________ 3 __________ ---------- 40.9 ---------- 2.00 64 A-7 [/).
Fine sand _______________________ do __________________________ do_________ 54 ---------- ---------- 46.2 ---------- 1. 93 64 A-7 ::3
5L~~r~~~~~~~ ~~~= ~~:~~~~~~====~= =~~~~~~~: ::: ::::~~~~~~~ :: ~: 'i ~=~~ ==~=~- ~~~~ ~~: ~=~
47.7 ---------- 1. 92 64 A-7 ~
51.2 ---------- 1.86 64 A-7
61.3 ---------- 1. 68 64 A-7
60.9 ---------- 1.69 64 A-7
~t::;!
~~~~~~ft~~~~\:fa:Y:======= =====a~===================== =====a~=========
65.6 ---------- 1.60 64 A-7
: ========== ========== 74.7 ---------- 1. 44 64 A-7
Fine sand ••. --------------- Channel Islands region, Sea bottom ____ ---------- ---------- ---------- 29.5 ---------- ---------- 153 N t:d
California. c:l
~~~~~~=: ==== === ==== :: == ==-illifs~n:iii;-e-r~-;;e~r ciin-ai- -iti~~~i:iottolli: 1: == ::: === =1-----77~ 2-1----- ss~ 4- ----------
---------- ----------
66 153 N t'l
Street, New York City,
---------- ---------- 89 A-7
~
N.Y. t::;!
Do ____________________ J Hudson River at Jersey
City, N.J.
Mud on a
submerged .._2 '----------~---- ------1 89 A-7
zt".l
crate.
Silt_ ______________________ _J Hudson River-------------' 50ft below 55 1---------- ---------- 70 A-7 183 percent Ul
1-1
riverbed. through No. t-3
200 sieve. ~
·~I
Newly deposited materiaL' Mississippi River Delta---~----------------~----------~----------~----------
Mud.---------------------- Seacoasts, U.S.A __________ ---------------- ----------
Soft mud._________________ Clyde Sea, Great Britain __ 0-2.5 em in 9
40
80
>OO
87 ~~ ~---------l--------1
----------
82
---------- ·---------
---------- ----------
139
106
A
A
A
0
1%_1
mud. C/l
22.5-25 em in 9 72 80 75 ---------- ---------- 106 A t".l
mud. t::;!
~
~
~
l::t'
0
0
&1
~
~
~
TABLE 5.-0ther rock types rg
~
Altered basalt............. Oil fields, Texas••••..••••• Subsurface ____ ---------- 21. 7 35.6 ---------- ---------- ---------- 138 N
18. Born, W. T., and Owen, J. E., 1935, Effect of moisture upon velocity of elastic
waves in Amherst sandstone: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v.
19, p. 9-18.
19. Bownocker, J. A., 1915, Building stones of Ohio: Geological Survey of Ohio,
4th ser., Bull. 18, 160 p.
20. Branner, G. C., 1937, Sandstone porosities in Paleozoic region in Arkansas:
Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 21, p. 67-79.
21. Brown, R. D., Jr., Snavely, P. D., Jr., and Gower, H. D., 1956, Lyre forma-
tion (redefinition) Northern Olympic Peninsula, Washington: Am. Assoc.
Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 40, p. 94-107.
22. Buckley, E. R., 1898, Building and ornamental stones of Wisconsin: Wis-
consin Geol. and Nat. History Survey Bull., v. 4, p. 401-403.
23. Bybee, H. H., 1948, Hitesville consolidated field, Union County, Kentucky:
Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 32, p. 2063-2082.
24. Caribbean Petroleum Company, staff, 1948, Oil fields of Royal Dutch-Shell
group in Western Venezuela: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull.,
v. 32, p. 517-628.
25. Carver, G. E., 1948, Arcadia-Coon Creek oil pool, Oklahoma and Logan
Counties, Oklahoma, in Howell, J. V., ed., Structure of typical American
oil fields, v. 3: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, p. 319-340.
26. Cipriani, D., Jr., 1956, Southwest Randlett field, Cotton County, Oklahoma,
in Petroleum Geology of Southern Oklahoma, v. 1: Am. Assoc. Petro-
leum Geologists, p. 311-318.
27. Clark, C. C., 1938, Sugar Creek field, Claiborne Parish, Louisiana: Am.
Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 22, p. 1504-1518.
28. Clark, R. W., 1940, Paloma oil field, Kern County, California: Am. Assoc.
Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 24, p. 742-744.
29. Cook, G. H., 1878, Report on the clay deposits of Woodbridge, South Amboy
and other places in New Jersey: Geol. Survey of New Jersey, p. 284-285.
30. Corps, E. V., 1949, Digboi oil field, Assam: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists
Bull., v. 33, p. 1-21.
31. Cox, H. M., 1953, Williston Basin: Mississippian reservoir characteristics
and proved reserves: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 37, p.
2294-2302.
32. Crego, W. 0., and Hanagan, J. M., 1951, Report on the Mamou field pressure
maintenance project: Am. Inst. Mining Metall. Engineers Trans., v.
192, p. 263-268.
33. Criss, C. R., and McCormick, R. L., 1954, History and performance of the
Coldwater oil field, Michigan: Am. Inst. Mining Met all. Engineers
Trans., v. 201, p. 23-29.
34. Crutchfield, J. W., and Bowers, E. F., 1950, Performance of Lower Pawelek
reservoir, Falls City field, Karnes County, Texas: Am. Inst. Mining
Metall. Engineers Trans., v. 189, p. 335-344.
35. Culbertson, J. A., 1940, Downdip Wilcox Eocene of Coastal Texas an.
Louisiana: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 24, p. 1891-1922
36. Current, A. M., 1948, Gilbertown oil field, Choctaw County, Alabama, in
Howell, J. V., ed., Structure of typical American oil fields, v. 3: Am.
Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, p. 1-4.
37. Curry, W. H., Jr., and Curry, W. H., III, 1954, South Glenrock, a Wyoming
stratigraphic oil field: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 38, p.
2119-2156.
38. Daniel, E. J., 1954, Fractures reservoirs of Middle East: Am. Assoc. Petro-
leum Geologists Bull., v. 38, p. 774-815.
POROSITY AND BULK DENSITY OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS E49
39. Davis, W. B., 1951, A study of the Dornick Hills-Springer sand reservoir,
Velma pool, Oklahoma: Am. Inst. Mining Metall. Engineers Trans.,
v. 192, p. 29-36.
40. Elkins, L. F., French, R. W., and Glenn, W. E., 1949, Lance Creek Sundance
reservoir performance-a unitized pressure-maintenance project:
Am. Inst. Mining Metall. Engineers Trans., v. 179, p. 222-248.
41. Elliott, G. R., 1944, Geologic factors in unitized pressure maintenance, Jones
sand reservoir, Schuler field, Arkansas: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists
Bull., v. 28, p. 217-230.
42. Esarey, R. E., 1927, Tri-County oil fields of southwestern Indiana: Am.
Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 11, p. 601-610.
43. Fancher, G. H., Lewis, J. A., and Barnes, K. B., 1933, Some physical character-
istics of oil sands, in Third Pennsylvania Mineral Industries Conference,
petroleum and natural gas section, Proc: Pennsylvania State Coll. Mineral
Industries Expt. Sta. Bull. 12, p. 65-171.
44. Fentress, G. H., 1955, Little Beaver field, Colorado, a stratigraphic, structural,
and sedimentation problem: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 39,
p. 155-188.
45. Fettke, C. R., 1926, Core studies of the Second sand of the Venango group
from Oil City, Pa., in Petroleum Development and Technology in 1926:
Am. lnst. Mining Metall. Engineers, Petroleum Div., p. 219-234.
46. - - - 1934, Physcial characteristics of Bradford sand, Bradford field, Penn-
sylvania, and relation to production of oil: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists
Bull., v. 18, p. 191-211.
47. ---1938, Oriskany as a source of gas and oil in Pennsylvania and adjacent
areas: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 22, p. 241-266.
48. Fichter, H. J., and Renz, H. H., in Mencher, E., and others, 1953, Geology
of Venezuela and its oil fields: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 37,
p. 690-777.
49. Finn, F. H., 1949, Geology and occurrence of natural gas in Oriskany sand-
stone in Pennsylvania and New York: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists
Bull., v. 33, p. 303-335.
50. Fisher, Barney, 1941, La Rosa field, Refugio County, Texas: Am. Assoc.
Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 25, p. 300-317.
51. Fraser, H. J., 1935, Experimental study of the porosity and permeability of
clastic sediments: Jour. Geology, v. 43, p. 910-1010.
52. Frost, V. L., 1940, Ramsay oil pool, Payne County, Oklahoma: Am. Assoc.
Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 24, p. 1995-2005.
53. Fuller, M. L., 1906, Total amount of free water in the earth's crust: U.S.
Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 160, p. 59-72.
54. Funkhouser, H. J., Sass, L. C., and Hedberg, H. D., 1948, Santa Ana, San
Joaquin, Guario, and Santa Rosa oil fields (Anaco fields) Central Anzoategui,
Venezuela: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 32, p. 1851-1908.
55. Gallup, W. B., 1951, Geology of Turner Valley oil and gas field, Alberta,
Canada: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 35, p. 797-821.
56. Gary, N., 1898, Priifung natiirlicher Gesteine in den Betriebsjahren 1895/96
bis 1897/98: Koniglichen technischen Versuchanstalten zu Berlin, Mitt.,
v. 5, p. 243-294.
57. Gates, G. L., Morris, F. C., and Caraway, W. H., 1950, Effect of oil-base
drilling fluid filtrate on analysis of ores from South Coles Levee, Calif., and
Rangely, Colo., fields: U.S. Bur. Mines Rept. Inv. 4716.
58. Geikie, A., 1903, quoted in Fuller, M. L., 1906, Total amount of free water in
the earth's crust: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 160, p. 59-72.
E50 CONTRIBUTIONS TO GEOCHEMISTRY
59. Gester, G. C., and Galloway, John, 1933, Geology of Kettleman Hills oil
field, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull.,v. 17, p. 1161-1193.
60. Glenn, W. E., 1950, A study of reservoir performance of the First Grubb pool,
San Miguelito field, Ventura County, California: Am. Inst. Mining Metall.
Engineers Trans., v. 189, p. 243-260.
61. Goebel, L.A., 1950, Cairo field, Union County, Arkansas: Am. Assoc. Petro-
leum Geologists Bull., v. 34, p. 1954-1980.
62. Goldich, S. S., and Parmelee, E. B., 1947, Physical and chemical properties
of Ellenburger group Llano County, Texas: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol-
ogists Bull., v. 31, p. 1982-2020.
63. Grubenmann, U., and Niggli, P., and others, 1915, Die naturlichen Bausteine
und Dachschiefer der Schweiz: Beitr. Geologie Schweiz, Geotechnische
Serle, no. 5, 423 p.
64. Hamilton, E. L., and Menard, H. W ., 1956, Density and porosity of sea-floor
surface sediments off San Diego, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum
Geologists Bull., v. 40, p. 754-761.
65. Hamner, E. J., 1939, Amelia oil field, Jefferson County, Texas: Am. Assoc.
Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 23, p. 1635-1665.
66. Hartmann, F., 1926, Die Bestimmung des Raugewichts und der Porositat
feurefester Steine nach dem Quecksilber- und nach dem Wasser-Verdran-
gungsverfahren: Berichte der FachausschU.Sse des Vereins deutscher
Eisenhuttenleute, Ber. Nr. 82, 9 p.
67. Hedberg, H. D., 1926, The effect of gravitational compaction on the struc·
ture of sedimentary rocks: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 10,
p. 1035-1072.
68. Hedberg, H. D., 1936, Gravitational compaction of clays and shales: Am.
Jour. Sci., 5th ser., v. 31, p. 241-287.
69. Hedberg, H. D., Sass, L. C., and Funkhouser, H. J., 1947, Oil fields of the
Greater oficina area, Central Anzoategui, Venezuela: Am. Assoc. Petro-
leum Geologists Bull., v. 31, p. 2089-2169.
70. Hewett, B. H. M., and Johannesson, S., 1922, Shield and compressed air
tunneling: New York, McGraw-Hill, p. 291-295.
71. Hinson, H. H., 1947, Reservoir characteristics of Rattlesnake oil and gas
field, San Juan County, New Mexico: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists
Bull., v. 31, p. 731-771.
72. Hirschwald, J., 1912, Handbuch der bautechnischen Gesteinprufung: Berlin,
Borntraeger, 923 p.
73. Holmes, Arthur, 1930, Petrographic methods and calculation (revised ed.)
London, Murby & Co., p. 52.
74. Howell, J. V., 1948, Geology of Benton field, Franklin County, Illinois: Am.
Assoc. Petroleum Geologists _Bull., v. 32, p. 745-766.
75. Hubbard, W. E., and Thompson, W. C., 1926, The geology and oil fields of
Archer County, Texas: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 10,
p. 457-481.
76. Hughes, D. S., and Kelly, J. L., 1952, Variation of elastic wave with saturation
in sandstone: Geophysics, v. 17, p. 739-752.
77. Hunt, W. C., 1950, Preliminary report on Whitemud oil field, Alberta,
Canada: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 34, p. 1795-1801.
78. Imbt, R. F., and McCollum, S. V., 1950, Todd Deep field, Crockett County,
Texas: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 34, p. 239-262.
79. Ingham, W. I., 1948, Powell's Lake oil field, Union County, Kentucky: Am.
Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 32, p. 34-51.
POROSITY AND BULK DENSITY OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS E51
80. Jakosky, J. J., and Hooper, R. H., 1937, The effect of moisture on the direct
current resistivities of oil sands and rocks: Geophysics, v. 2, p. 33-35.
81. Jones, P. H., and Buford, T. B., 1951, Electric logging applied to ground
water exploration: Geophysics, v. 16, p. 115-139.
82. Kessler, D. W., 1919, Physical and chemical tests on the commercial marbles
of the United States: U.S. Bur. Standards Tech. Paper no. 123, 54 p.
83. Koch, E., in Konigsberger, J., 1925, tJber die heute mit der Drehwage von
Eotvos bei Feldmessungen erreichbare Genauigkeit und iiber den Ein-
flusz der geologischen Bescha:ffenheit des Terrains hierauf: Zeitschr.
prakt. Geologie, v. 33, p. 169-175.
84. Krumbein, W. C., and Sloss, L. L., 1951, Stratigraphy and sedimentation:
San Francisco, Freeman & Co., p. 91.
85. Lafferty, R. L., 1938, The Oriskany in West Virginia: Am. Assoc. Petroleum
Geologists Bull., v. 22, p. 175-188.
86. Layer, D. B., and Members of Staff, Imperial Oil Limited, 1949, Leduc oil
field, Alberta, a Devonian coral-reef discovery: Am. Assoc. Petroleum
Geologists Bull., v. 33, p. 572-602.
87. Lee, C. H., 1919, Water in the major valleys in Ellis, A. J., and Lee, C. H.,
Geology and ground waters of the western part of San Diego County,
California: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 446, p. 121.
88. Lees, G. M., 1933, Reservoir rocks of Persian oil fields: Am. Assoc. Petroleum
Geologists Bull., v. 17, p. 229-240.
89. Lewis, J. V., 1924, Fissility of shale and it relations to petroleum: Geol. Soc.
America Bull., v. 35, p. 557-590.
90. Lietz, W. T., 1949, The performance of the Ten Section oil field: Am. Inst.
Mining Metall. Engineers Trans., v. 186 p. 251-258.
91. Littlefield, Max, Gray, L. L., and Godbold, A. C., 1948, A reservoir study of
the West Edmond Hunton pool, Oklahoma: Am. Inst. Mining Metall.
Engineers Trans., v. 174, p. 131-164.
92. MacKenzie, W. D. C., 1940, Paleozoic limestone of Turner Valley, Alberta,
Canada: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 24, p. 1620-1640.
93. MacQuown, W. C., Jr., and Millikan, W. E., 1955, Little Beaver, Badger
Creek, Middlemist field area, Colorado: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists
Bull., v. 39, p. 630-648.
94. Mansfield G. R., 1927, Geography, geology and mineral resources of part of
southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 152, p. 210.
95. McBee, William, Jr., and Vaughn, L. G., 1956, Oil fields of the central
Muenster-Waurika arch, Jefferson County, Oklahoma and Montague
County, Texas in Petroleum geology of Southern Oklahoma: Am. Assoc.
Petroleum Geologists, v. 1, p. 355-372, 402 p.
96. McClellan, H. W., and Haines, R. B., 1951, San Miguelito oil field, Ventura
County, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geoligists Bull., v. 35, p.
2542-2560.
97. McGee, D. A., and Jenkins, H. D., 1946, West Edmond oil field, central
Oklahoma: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 30, p. 1797-1829.
98. Melcher, A. F., 1921, Determination of pore space of oil and gas sands: Am.
Inst. Mining Metall. Engineers Trans., v. 65 p. 469-497.
99. - - - 1924, Texture of oil sands with relations to the production of oil:
Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 8, p. 716-774.
100. Merrill, G. P., 1908, Stones for building and decoration: New York, John
Wiley & Sons, 551 p.
E52 CONTRIBUTIONS TO GEOCHEMISTRY
101. Michaux, F. W., and Buch, E. 0., 1936, Conroe oil field, Montgomery
County, Texas: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 20, p. 736-
779.
102. Miller, R. L., 1948, Rose Hill oil field, Lee County, Virginia, in Howell, J. V.,
ed., Structure of typical American oil fields: Am. Assoc. Petroleum
Geologists, v. 3, p. 452-479.
103. Minor, H. E., and Hanna, M. A., 1933, East Texas oil field: Am. Assoc.
Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 17, p. 757-792.
104. Moore, C. A., 1941, Coring the Burgess sandstone: World Oil, v. 126,
June 16, p. 38-43.
105. Moore, C. C., 1904, The study of the volume composition of rocks, and its
importance to the geologist: Geol. Soc. Liverpool Proc., v. 9 (190Q-1904)
p. 129-162.
106. Moore, H. B., 1931, The muds of the Clyde Sea area: Marine Bioi. Assoc.
[Great Britain] Jour., v. 17, new ser., p. 325-358.
107. Moulton, G. F., and Bell, A. H., 1929, Three typical oil fields of the Illinois
region, in Structure of typical American oil fields: Am. Assoc.
Petroleum Geologists, v. 2, p. 115-141.
108. Nevolin, N. V., Galakfionov, A. B., and Serova, A. D., 1959, Geologicheskoye
stroyeniye aktyubinskogo priural'ya [Geology of the Aktyubin area
adjacent to the Urals]: Prikladnaya Geofizika, no. 22, p. 129-156.
109. Nutting, P. G., 1930, Physical analysis of oil sands: Am. Assoc. Petroleum
Geologists Bull., v. 14, p. 1337-1349.
110. Nutting, P. G., quoted in Birch, Francis, Schairer, J. F., and Spicer, H. C.,
eds., 1942, Handbook of Physical Constants: Geol. Soc. America
Spec. Paper 36, p. 25-26.
111. Ockershauser, T. E., 1951, The Southwest Antioch Gibson sand unit: Am.
Inst. Mining Metall. Engineers Trans., v. 192, p. 199-204.
112. Parks, W. A., 1912, Report on the building and ornamental stones of Canada,
v. 1: Canada Dept. Mines, 376 p.
113. Parsons, L. M., 1922, Dolomitization of the Carboniferous limestone of the
Midlands: Geol. Mag. [Great Britain], v. 59, p. 51-63.
114. Pate, J. D., 1959, Stratigraphic traps along north shelf of Anadarko Basin,
Oklahoma: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 43, p. 39-59.
115. Petrascheck, W., and Wilser, B., 1926, Uber den Wassergehalt und die
Verfestigung von Tongesteinen: Berg und Huttenm. Jahrb., v. 74, pt.
2, p. 57-65.
116. Pfeiffer, H., and Dienemann, W., 1928, Geologische, chemische und phy-
sikalische Untersuchungen von Erdrutschen durch die Preuszische
Geologische Landesanstalt: Preusz. Geol. Landesanstalt Jahrb., v. 49,
p. 304-319.
117. Pickering, W. Y., and Dorn, C. L., 1948, Rangely oil field, Rio Blanco
County, Colorado, in Howell, J. V., ed., Structure of typical American
oil fields: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, v. 3, p. 132-152.
118. Piersol, R. J., Workman, L. E., and Watson, M. C., 1940, Porosity, total
liquid saturation and permeability of Illinois oil sands: Illinois Geol.
Survey, Rept. Inv. no. 67, 72 p.
119. Plummer, F. B., and Tapp, P. F., 1943, Technique of testing large cores
of oil sands: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 27, p. 64-84.
120. Poole, J. C., 1940, Saxet oil and gas fields, Nueces County, Texas: Am.
Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 24, p. 1805-1835.
121. Putman, D. M., 1956, The West Duncan field, in Petroleum Geology of
Southern Oklahoma: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, v. 1, p. 319-326.
POROSITY AND BULK DENSITY OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS E53
122. Pye, W. D., 1944, Petrology of Bethel sandstone of south-central Illinois:
Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 28, p. 63-122.
123. Rall, C. G., Hamontre, H. C., and Taliaferro, D. B., 1954, Determination
of porosity by a Bureau of Mines method: A list of porosities of oil
sands: U.S. Bur. Mines Rept. Inv. 5025, 24 p.
124. Reeves, Frank, 1946, Status of German oil fields: Am. Assoc. Petroleum
Geologists Bull., v. 30, p. 1546-1584.
125. Reeves, J. R., 1936, Hebron gas field, Potter County, Pennsylvania: Am.
Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 20, p. 1019-1027.
126. Roark, G. E., and Lindner, J. D., 1955, Effects of extensive well fracturing
on a water flood operation in the North Texas Strawn sand: Am. Inst.
Mining and Metall. Engineers Trans., v. 204, p. 16-21.
127. Roliff, W. A., 1949, Salina-Guelph fields of southwestern Ontario: Am.
Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 33, p. 153-188.
128. Rose, Walter, and Bruce, W. A., 1949, Evaluation of capillary character in
petroleum reservoir rock: Am. Inst. Mining Metall. Engineers Trans.,
v. 186, p. 127-142.
129. Rubey, W. W., 1930, Lithologic studies of fine-grained Upper Cretaceous
sedimentary rocks of the Black Hills region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof.
Paper 165-A, p. 1-54.
130. Rudolph, J. C., 1959, Bellshill Lake field, Alberta: Am. Assoc. Petroleum
Geologists Bull., v. 43, p. 880-889.
131. Russell, W. L., 1926, Porosity and crushing strength as indices of regional
alteration: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 10, p. 939-952.
132. Rutledge, R. B., 1956, The Velma oil field, Stephens County, Oklahoma, in
Petroleum Geology of Southern Oklahoma: Am. Assoc. Petroleum
Geologists, v. 1, p. 260-281, 402 p.
133. Schauer, P. E., Jr., 1957, Fractional balance evaluation of pressure mainte-
nance, Smackover lime gas condensate reservoir, McKamie-Patton field,
Arkansas: Am. Inst. Mining Metall. Petroleum Engineers Trans., v.
210, p. 108-113.
134. Schneegans, Daniel, 1948, Gas-bearing structures of southern France: Am.
Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 32, p. 198-214.
135. Schwartz, C. B., 1948, Fouke oil and gas field, Miller County, Arkansas, in
Howell, J. V., ed., Structure of typical American oil fields: Am. Assoc.
Petroleum Geologists v. 3, p. 5-23.
136. Schwarz, 187D-71, quoted in Prinz, E., 1923, Handbuch der Hydrologie 2d
ed.: Berlin, Julius Springer, p. 133.
137. Sebring, Louie, Jr., 1948, Slick-Wilcoxfield, Dewitt and Goliad Counties,
Texas: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 32, p. 228-251.
138. Sellards E. H., 1932, Oil fields in igneous rocks in Coastal Plain of Texas:
Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 16, p. 741-768.
139. Shaw, E. w., 1915, Discussion of "The role and fate of connate water in oil
and gas sands," by Roswell H. Johnson: Am. Inst. Mining Metall.
Engineers Bull. 103, p. 1449-1459.
140. Shaw, E. W., quoted in Meinzer, 0. E., 1923, The occurrence of ground water
in the United States: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 489, p. 8.
141. Sorby, H. C., 1908, On the application of quantitative methods to the study
of the structure and history of rocks: Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour.,
v. 64, p. 171-233.
142. Spangler, W. B., 1950, Subsurface geology of Atlantic coastal plain of North
Carolina: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 34, p. 10Q-132.
E54 CONTRIBUTIONS TO GEOCHEMISTRY