Amx 13
Amx 13
EONEEhiihI
I-
11
12
5 ______ 1.6
NAII)NA
1 Ii~0'1 '' IAV AI ,
*0 THE 80iM CORPORATION
*.... .. 86 8 7 0 88
THE HUM CORPORATION* rl
p1801 Randolph Road, S.E. Albuquerque, NM 87106'0 (505) 848-5000
4.
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING DATA BASE DEVELOPMENT
FOR ARMORED COMBAT VEHICLES AND ANALYSES OF
THREE NATO TANK SYSTEMS Bi
VOLUME IV
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF THE 5p
I/DJ..
FRENCH AM4X-13 LIGHT TANK
July 3, 1986
-a
4.
BOM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
. o..
-
DTIC . S.%a
AU 6 986
- ' ,. - - . : ' ; * - .. :. . - - . . . . . - - - - .' " .- - .\ -
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Paqe
I HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ANALYSIS
OF THE FRENCH AMX-13 LIGHT TANK I-I
A. FRENCH AMX-13 I-i
1. Development 1-i
2. Description I-i
3. Current Status 1-3
B. HFEA OF THE AMX-13 TANK 1-6
1. General Boarding, Movement 1-6
2. Driver's Station 1-6
3. Commander's Station 1-13
4. Gunner's Station 1-18
5. Crew Integration, Safety, Health Hazards 1-23
6. Evaluator's Ratings 1-24
C. DISCUSSION 1-24
ATTACHMENTS
3 HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING DATA BASE FOR THE FRENCH
AMX-13 MBT 3-1
a.N
4 4
iii
I!4
THE BDM CORPORATION BDM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
i--
ivi
THE BDM CORPORATION BDM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
-'-5-
n-.'.
,-°
'' V
" .5-
. .. . .'. . .-
"
° '
" ' ' ' ' . . ..
.' '-,p" " - 2,, " "_ " " - " ,'
THE BDM CORPORATION BDM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
Lb
CHAPTER I
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ANALYSIS
OF THE FRENCH AMX-13 LIGHT TANK
A. FRENCH AMX-13
1. Development
The French Army began development of the AMX-13 light armor
vehicle, shown in Figure I-1, following the end of the Second World War.
Design work started in 1946 with the first prototype system completed in
1948/49. The AMX-13 entered service with the French Army in 1953. The
primary objective of the AMX-13 was to perform within the operational
environment as a tank destroyer or reconnaissance vehicle. It is
important to note that the original design intent of the AMX-13 was to
design the system to accommodate crews of only 5 feet, 8 inches in
stature.
2. Description
The hull consists of all-welded steel construction with a
maximum thickness of 1.575 inches (40 mm). The driver's station is posi-
tioned at the front of the hull on the left. Directly to the right is a
50FAM Model 8 GXB eight cylinder, water-cooled gasoline engine developing
250 hp at 3200 rpm. The turret is located toward the rear of the hull,
U
. with the commander's station located on the left and the gunner's station
located on the right.
The AMX-13 contains torsion bar suspension, five road wheels,
idler located at the rear, drive sprocket positioned at the front, and
three track support rollers. The first and fifth road wheel stations are
provided with a hydraulic shock absorber system. The gearbox is manual
and consists of five forward and one reverse gears with a Cleveland-type
differential system.
The turret is based on the French-designed oscillating type and
consists of two parts. The lower part is located on the turret ring and
consists of two trunnions on which the upper part located on top of the
turret Is mounted. The top of the turret can be elevated or depressed in
pm't
lm-
5
- -:
Vt' T.,
n*
*Air
conjunction with the gun system that is fixed. This type of design
enabled the French to install an automatic loader which reduced the crew
size to three. The gun is fed from two revolver magazines with a total
of 12 rounds for ready use. Empty cartridge cases are automatically
ejected through a hole located at the rear of the turret.
The French Army has refitted the AMX-13 vehicle with a new 90 mm gun
firing fin-stabilized rounds. A total of 34 90 mm rounds can be carried.
Secondary armament includes either a 7.5 mm or 7.62 mm machine gun (3600
rounds) that is mounted coaxially with the main armament system. Two
smoke dischargers are located on each side of the turret section.
The AMX-13 can be equipped with both infrared driving and
fighting systems, but is void of amphibious capability and NBC protection
systems.
3. Current Status
Currently, the AMX-13 serves Algeria, Argentina, Cambodia,
Chile, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, India, Indonesia,
Kenya, Lebanon, Morocco, Netherlands, Nepal, Peru, Salvador, Saudi
Arabia, Singapore, Switzerland, Tunisia, Venezuela, and Vietnam.
The driver's station is located in the front hull, left area.
The engine is mounted directly next to the driver's station to the right.
Figure 1-2 shows the AMX-13 from a front-left perspective.
The gunner's station is located on the right side of the
turret. The commander is positioned on the left of the turret. The main
gun occupies the space between the turret occupants. Figure 1-3 shows the
frontal view of the AMX-13 turret.
Like the other vehicles, the AMX-13 was inoperative during the
evaluation and was parked in a maintenance warehouse. The turret could
be operated using the manual elevation and traverse controls but was
restricted to just a few yards movement in either direction.
According to open source literature, elevation is limited to
+12.5 degrees, depression to -5.5 degrees, and elevation speed in the
powered mode to 5 degrees per second. The turret is traversable
360 degrees with a traverse rate of 533 mils per second.
1-3
V- -i
THE BDM CORPORATION BDM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
*-* . * . * * * J * * * *..
I
THE BDM CORPORATION BDM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
L-6
Nq
. . . . . ° • "" --. -
-, . -. -" -'" - '
BSlA - 8 6 -
0 6 0 8 -TR
CS
I-- 0
J e4
0 r 0 .
LU - N N N N -
C ~ aw -4 V
~0 0
I- Q
S.00 IJ I -aI
0~
LL 0'
CD. N -
LLp
LU 0- CL
(ACc c-
=0.L-
Lu CS 6
0= 0oL
CS n ~ c_ .
- -
-.
V E
00 .0
La.. 0W
o Z 0 S. SOdal
-Z V
2Z 0 5%-
- v. f% a1 - i- I
B Vu
LUm -a
r-8,
THE BDM CORPORATION BOM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
Head clearance with the seat in its full down position was
about 7 inches less than minimum standards. The station would accom-
modate only the ist percentile U.S. armor crewman without CVC helmet,
closed hatch.
Figure 1-7 presents a photographic view of the AMX-13 driver's
controls from the seated position. The seat lacked lumbar support alto-
gether and would likely introduce fatigue and back pain during extended
operations. With the seat fully down, the front of a 95th percentile
soldier's knee to the nearest forward object (the right lateral) is only
4.75 inches. The position of the knees could interfere with the control
of both right and left laterals.
1-9
.- ,.-
THE BDM CORPORATION BDM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
No seat restraint system was observed. The tight fit, however, would
prevent excessive lateral body movement.
Reflective glare on instrument panels was not a problem because
of the recessed position of displays and controls in the tank hull. The
right-most lateral blocked viewing of the display located to the
immediate right of the master panel.
The gear shift lever contacts the ceiling when shifted into
first, third, and fourth gears. Operation of the gear shift would be
very difficult with bulky handwear.
The most difficult operational feature of the driver's station
was free movement of the legs in open and closed hatch modes to operate
foot pedals. Only 18 inches was provided, measured between the hull
ceiling immediately in front of the driver, and the floor, with the foot
pedals and control panel in between. The bottom edge of the clutch pedal
is suspended 10.5 inches from the floor, leaving 6.5 inches clearance to
the ceiling. These workspace restrictions would probably interfere with
the most simple driving tasks for the full range of U.S. armor crewmen.
This design would require careful selection of the smaller stature
crewmen for efficient, safe, and effective operation. Maintenance within
such a restricted area would also be a serious problem for all but the
smallest sized crewmen.
Only one indicator light was observed. A large, red light .
occupied a position to the left of the control panel just beneath the
hatch rim, apparently a fire warning indicator. The position of the in-
dicator appeared adequate.
Dimensions of the hatch opening are shown in Table 1-2. The
oblong design measures 14 inches wide, narrow enough to require even the
1st percentile U.S. armor crewman to turn the shoulders to enter and exit
the station. Crewmen clad in arctic or NBC gear would find it even more
difficult to ingress/egress the station.
Figure 1-8 shows the driver's flat hatch design. The hatch
operates by swinging outward and back, as the photograph depicts. One in
the full open position, the hatch locks in place by a positive latch
mechanism. The hatch must also be locked down by the steel bar
!-1O
• ." . '%
° ° *o° o . , . ". ° .
THE BDMV CORPORATION BOM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
86.0608-rR-W.04
THE BDM CORPORATION BOM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
12
THE BDM CORPORATION BDM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
1-13
I
. .-
.V - . - - . . .W...
[-14
~~ .*** *.-- *-*. .. -. . . .
re THE BDM CORPORATION BOM/ABQ-86-0608- TR
'I..
' 4.
% *% 1 ...--
THE BDM CORPORATION BDM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
.'.t
clothing and 28 inches for crewmen garbed in arctic or NBC clothing. The
hatch would not accommodate a 5th percentile U.S. armor crewman with
arctic clothing.
The hatch cover swivels rearward and locks into place. Hatch
control is provided by a handle located at the rear of the commander's
head. The rear-most periscope in the cupola obstructs operation of the
" handle. Only 0.25 inch is provided for clearance between the handle and
the periscope, making operation very difficult, especially with arctic or
NBC handwear. Anthropometric accommodation of a seated individual, closed
hatch could not be estimated since the seat was not mounted.
Eight periscopes provide near-360 degrees unity vision. Peri-
scopes were not padded and present a safety hazard, especially during
cross-country operation. The cupola is fixed to the turret and cannot be
rotated independently.
A unique feature of the AMX-13 is the "iron sight" provided in
- front of the commander's and gunner's foremost periscopes. A cross hair
reticle is built into the periscope, occupying the right portion of the
viewing area. Using the periscope reticle, the crewmen aligns the front
iron sight (which can be folded down when not in use), with the target.
This sight arrangement provides the advantage of simplicity. However,
target accuracy with the sights could not be evaluated.
.l The commander's station, like the others in the AMX-13,
provides very limited space for all but the smallest crewmen. A number
of hazardous protrusions exist and ingress/egress is made extremely dif-
ficult because of the tight fit. It appeared to evaluators as though
French designers began with a limited area in which to place operational
equipment, and did so with little regard for the occupant.
a. Advantages
As mentioned previously, the iron sights provide a very
simple means for target engagement. However, the accuracy of this system
could not be measured. Another advantage of the human engineering design
of the commander's station is the reduced crew of three, making battle
b. Disadvantages
Generally, the greatest disadvantage attributable to the
design of the AMX-13 commander's station is the limited work space. An-
thropometric accommodation of the design restricts crew selection. Even
with smaller crewmen, the arrangement of control and display components
interferes with fundamental tasks.
4. Gunner's Station
The gunner's station in the AMX-13 is located to the right in
the turret. Table I-i provides selected dimensional measurements for the
gunner's seat. The seat back was not available for evaluation.
As Table 1-1 indicates, except for seat padding and static
elbow space, none of the measurements meet U.S. human engineering
standards. The gunner's seat pan represents the worse case of all other
seats evaluated in this report. m
The seat would accommodate less than the Ist percentile U.S.
armor crewman when considering hip breadth. Vertical seat adjustability
measured only 2.5 inches. Popliteal height (distance from top of seat
pan to floor) measured 23 inches. The maximum allowable height in U.S. u
standards is 19.8 inches. Without a foot rest, blood circulation in the
gunner's legs could be restricted causing pain and discomfort.
Once seated inside, adequate elbow room is provided for 95th
percentile individuals. However, free shoulder movement for only the
1st percentile U.S. armor crewmen is provided. Space allowed for leg and
knee movement is also inadequate. Head clearance falls about 4 inches
short of standards, accommodating only 25th percentile males. Boot
clearance, front of the seat to the nearest forward object measured
/.5 inches, leaving very little room for smaller crewmen.
The gunner's seat is generally inadequate and would not lend to
effective human performance, especially during long term operations.
Only two periscopes are provided for forward viewing, restrict-
ing the gunner's surveillance capabilities to about 120 degrees forward
vision. The periscopes are not padded and present a safety hazard. A
browpad measuring 1.5 inches square is located just above the primary
sight, as shown in Figure 1-12. The browpad would provide very little
_3
' U
* * . * . .
THE BDM CORPORATION BOM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
protection against the effects of main gun acceleration and was very un-
comfortable even during the static evaluation.
p'-L
...................
THE BDM CORPORATION BDM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
NU
-2 -°
UI
THE BDM CORPORATION
BOM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
-_m
.• . . . . . . . . . . . . :
THE 8DM CORPORATION BDM/ABQ-86-0608-TR U
A-p
and maintenance tasks. Even the smaller crewmen would find it difficult
to operate without incurring injuries from protrusions, lack of padding,
and the arrangement of the main gun recoil system. Outside visibility is
severely restricted and, in a one-on-one engagement with other tanks, the
AMX-13 would be at a great tactical disadvantage. Its greatest defense
qin combat, however, would remain speed and agility.
5. Crew Integration, Safety, Health Hazards
Identical fire control system displays/controls were not
observed at the commander's station. Operations with a disabled gunner
in a degraded mode may restrict battle capabilities to maneuver and pos-
- sibly command and control.
Considering the design of the crewstations, arctic and NBC ap-
parel would restrict more severely the abilities of the crew to perform.
Emergency ingress and egress likewise poses a problem, even for the smal-
ler stature crews. Donning and doffing arctic and NBC clothing without
E exiting the vehicle would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, und-
er any circumstance. Accessibility to items stowed in the interior of the
AMX-13 is extremely difficult, including the fire suppression system.
Decontaminating the interior of the vehicle would also present
a severe problem since a great many areas cannot be accessed by any but
the smallest stature soldiers. Even they would find the tasks difficult.
U Regarding stowage, some stowage space is available on the
outside of the turret by use of racks. Very little area is provided
- within the turret and hull for stowage of personal arms and ammunition,
• NBC gear, rations, water, and other essential items. Moreover, access to
items stowed inside would be very difficult. Extended operations could
tax crew members beyond reasonable human limits.
Access to the engine for repair and maintenance is possible
"' from the front right deck and from a removable panel at the driver's
immediate right. Access to the main gun and coax machine gun is made ex-
tremely difficult because of the lack of interior workspace for free el-
bow, arm, body, and hand movement. The general adequacy of interior work-
- space for performing checks and maintenance services was rated as ex-
tremely poor.
I
II
C. DISCUSSION
It may not be entirely fair to compare the French AMX-13 Light Tank
with the British main battle tanks. The operational requirements of the
AMX-13 are significantly different from the Centurion and Chieftain
vehicles.
First, the AMX-13 was designed to provide a high speed, low
silouette reconnaissance vehicle that could also defeat heavy armor.
However, the role of the AMX-13 apparently was not to engage heavy armor
in sustained combat.
-24 .
U
THE BDM CORPORATION BDM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
Al'
q0q
AMX-13
* GENE RAL.BOARDINGETC. 1 4 0 0 0 1
DRIVER STATION 4 4 3 7 0 1
COMMANDER STATION 3 7 3 4 2
CREW INTEGRATION 14 9 7 1 1 0
TOTAL=102 24 28 26 18 3 3
86-0608-TR G.03
.5
-. U .,'U - ,,'%
. 5 .. .....-
THE BDMV CORPORATION BOM/ABQ-86-0608-TR
ATTACHMENT 3
7-
Human Factors Engineering Data Base
File Name: AMR7
Evaluator's Rating Scales
- a~a~ ~-|
3 = Ineffective
2 = Very ineffective
1 = Extremely ineffective U
mNl
'. ,-.
-.-. ...-.-.-
.-.- '- '- '. - ' .. - " ."' - " .. . , . .. . '. . . " " - 2 '2 ' '
B .|
ii
- €
. . .. ****.-*'.
5
"
.0098 Main weapon, fire control, telescope, FOV, (degrees)
" 0140 Main weapon, fire control, range finder, MAG, [UNKNOWN]
0260 Main gun dead space, distance from front glacis (meters)
.1.%
" 2010 Alternate boarding paths? [YES, STEPS PROVIDED ON REAR FENDER
p -|
• .. . .. ... . . . . • .. .. .. . . .
U
2117 Dead weight drag, ease of dead weight drag from driver
station into turret, rating scale 2 [N/A]
2118 Dead weight drag, from driver station into turret, average
time, NBC garbed, [N/A]
2119 Dead weight drag, from driver station into turret, average
time, non-NBC garbed, [N/A]
2124 Dead weight drag, from cmdr station to outside, thru cmdr's
hatch, ease of, rating scale 2 [N/A]
2125 Dead weight drag, from cmdr station to outside, thru cmdr's
hatch, average time, non-NBC garbed, [N/A]
2126 Dead weight drag, from cmdr station to outside, thru cmdr's
hatch, average time, NBC garbed, [N/A]
i" "°-
hU
aU
ii
*. 3005 Dvr sta, seat back dimensions, [11 INCHES X 12.75 INCHES]
3010 Dvr sta, seat pan dimensions, IAW MIL-STD-1472C, Fig 50,
P[10.5 INCHES X 14 INCHES]
3016 Dvr sta, seat slope, IAW MIL-STD-1472C, Fig 50, [N/A]
. . . . " .* . . .. ..... , - - . -
3042 Dvr sta, MIL-STD-1472C, Table 28 measurement 2, abdominal,
seat back to steering device, [25 INCHES] U
'""'
."".-"t.-
.-
'.
.,,'"-''""
' ".- .'................................-.-...........,,.."........;
*. -.. ' ., ,. - . . . - . ,. - .. I- . . .. . . .,. -- , -" - u. . .. .
3082 Dvr sta, distance closest hand control from SRP [18 INCHES]
3098 Dvr sta, master caution light, distance, ngle from design
eye postion, (mm; in./degrees)
a' 3102 Dvr sta, primary display color, [WHITE AND TAN ON BLACK]
12
252L2 . -. -*':.-:.-- I
3142 Dvr sta, force measurement of primary hand control
(N; lbs)
" 3177 Dvr sta, NBC collective protection, bulk air dump provided?
Ves/lo; -ocation)
..-. *I. * * . .. . , . . - .
-
i
m
3210 Dvr sta, closed hatch, adequacy of upward viewing
through periscope, rating scale 1 (1-6)
3228 Dvr sta, time to install driver night vision device from
V stowed position, (seconds)
3234 Dvr sta, driver vision, open hatch, forward FOV, [180 DEGREES]
3238 Dvr sta, escape hatch provided other than primary hatch?
[NO]
U'
' ' " ' .'-z . . .'''. . . .'"""" "."',".-"' " """""''"" "" ' "'- -",: , .""' ""m ._''_-","'"
""""
- T O 7: °. •T.
3346 Dvr sta, ease of access to com hookup from normal seated
position, rating scale 2 [5]
3348 Dvr sta, com equip, ease of operation of com box w/arctic
handwear, rating scale 2 (1-6)
3350 Dvr sta, com equip, space between connector and bulkhead,
or connector and closest object, [1 INCH]
16i
(degrees C; degrees F)
3470 Dvr sta, impulse noise hazards, main gun/coax, rating scale
5 (1-6)
3472 Dvr sta, impulse noise, main gun firing, closed hatch, gun
pos forward, (A duration; B duration: peak pressure-dBA)
d 5 ... ~* . %*
3482 Dvr sta, whole body vibration, at SRP IAW TECOM TOP
1-2-610, X-axis, (RMS, 30 HZ; 50 HZ; 80)
3484 Dvr sta, whole body vibration, at SRP IAW TECOM TOP
1-2-610, Y-axis, (RMS, 30 HZ; 50 HZ; 80 HZ)
3486 Dvr sta, whole body vibration, at SRP IAW TECOM TOP
1-2-610, Z-axis, (RMS 30 HZ; 50 HZ; 80 HZ)
'a.-
'a.°
f..
a''
Human Factors Engineering Data Base
File Name: AMR3
Commander's Station
4000 Cmdr sta, seat, IAW MIL-STD-1472C, Fig 50, dimensions seat
pan, 1 x w, [9.75 INCHES]
4002 Cmdr sta, seat, IAW MIL-STD-1472C, Fig 50, seat padding
thickness, [1 INCH]
4004 Cmdr sta, seat, IAW MIL-STD-1472C, Fig 50,
back-rest-to-seat angle, (degrees)
4006 Cmdr sta, seat, IAW MIL-STD-1472C, Fig 50, seat slope,
(degrees)
4008 Cmdr sta, seat, IAW MIL-STD-1472C, Fig 50, distance from
seat front, top of padding, to floor, (mm; in.)
P19
4034 Cmdr sta, seat, MIL-STD-1472C, Table 28 measurement 2,
Abdominal, seat back to nearest forward object, (mm; in.)
4054 Cmdr sta, foot rest provided for arctic boot-sized foot?
[PLATFORM FOR FOOT REST]
• m I
clad 95th percentile male, rating scale 2 (1-6)
4070 Cmdr sta, ease of emergency egress, open hatch, NBC MOPP-4
clad 95th percentile male, rating scale 2 (1-6)
4072 Cmdr sta, average time to emergency egress from cmdr sta,
open hatch, non-NBC clad 95th percentile male, (no. trials;
seconds)
" 4074 Cmdr sta, average time to emergency egress from cmdr sta,
open hatch, NBC MOPP-4 clad 95th percentile male, (seconds)
4076 Cmdr sta, seat, capability to fold seat back for stand-up
operations? (Yes/No; comments)
4090 Cmdr sta, cupola provided with controls for manual traverse
-(of cupola)? [NO, NO TRAVERSE CAPABILITY]
a" 4092 Cmdr sta, force required to unlock cupola traverse lock,
(N; lbs)
p.
- . -. ... :
ioi
4098 Cmdr sta, ease of sighting and firing cmdr's weapon, open
hatch mode, rating scale 2 (1-6)
4100 Cmdr sta, average time to charge and sight cmdr's weapon
from seated position, open hatch, (no. trials; seconds)
4102 Cmdr sta, ease of access to ammunition for cmdr's weapon,
rating scale 2 (1-6)
4110 Cmdr sta, average time to acquire target using cmdr's GPS
extension, open hatch mode, non-NBC, daytime, (no. trials;
range in meters; seconds)
4120 Cmdr sta, average time to acquire target using cmdr's GPS
extension, open hatch mode, NBC MOPP-4, daytime, (no.
trials; range in meters; seconds)
4122 Cmdr sta, average time to acquire target using cmdr's GPS
extension, closed hatch, non-NBC, (no. trials; range in
meters; seconds)
4124 Cmdr sta, average time to acquire target using cmdr's GPS
extension, closed hatch, NBC MOPP-4, (no. trials; range in
meters; seconds)
4138 Cmdr sta, com equip, location of com hookup, [31 INCHES
FROM BACK TURRET WALL; RADIO EQUIPMENT, KNEE LEVEL FORWARD
OF COMMANDER BENEATH BREECH]
4146 Cmdr sta, com equip, space between connector and bulkhead
or nearest object, [.25 INCH]
4163 Cmdr sta, primary display; color (red, blue green, white,
green, etc.)
4176 Cmdr sta, indicator lights testable? [ONE YES; ONE NO]
4188 Cmdr sta, general, ease of control actuation for all cmdr's
controls, rating scale 2 [2]
114 U
Imll" .
'-l . ' . l . .
l"l . I. •. . + . I . . t1- . . .• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L + *
at mask (ft/min; cu ft/min)
4244 Cmdr sta, force required to unlock combat lock, (N; lbs)
" 4246 Cmdr sta, ease of transitioning from open to closed hatch,
rating scale 2 [2]
4248 Cmdr sta, time to transition from open to closed hatch mode
(seconds)
" 4252 Cmdr sta, space provided between top of turret and bottom
of hatch lip in 'pop-up' mode, (mm; in.)
4254 Cmdr sta, hatch make contact with any other equipment of
vehicle when open or partially open? (e.g., strike loader's
hatch, antenna mount, etc), [NO]
33-25
[NO]
4270 Cmdr sta, night vision device available for viewing through
periscopes/vision blocks? [YES, IR]
-- 6
v;rv w wd . VF JW ' .4 . W q V , . ,' E W " 'w wr.\ - :- ' k'. . . -~ , - -. -. '
4332 Cmdr sta, impulse noise, main gun firing, closed hatch, gun
pos forward, (A duration; B duration; peak pressure-dBA)
4342 Cmdr sta, whole body vibration, at SRP IAW TECOM TOP
1-2-610, X-axis, (RMS, 30 HZ; RMS, 50 HZ; RMS, 80 HZ)
4344 Cmdr sta, whole body vibration, at SRP IAW TECOM TOP
1-2-610, Y-axis, (RMS, 30 HZ; RMS, 50 HZ; RMS, 80 HZ)
4346 Cmdr sta, whole body vibration, at SRP IAW TECOM TOP
1-2-610, Z-axis, (RMS, 30 HZ; RMS, 50 HZ; RMS, 80 HZ)
4348 Cmdr sta, probability of ride vibrations causing visual
difficulties for cmdr, rating scale 7 (1-6)
""7
p.7.
Ig
Human Factors Engineering Data Base
File Name: AMR4
Gunner's Station
5000 Gun sta, seat, IAW MIL-STD-1472C, Fig 50, seat pan
dimensions, [9.5 INCHES X 10.75 INCHES]
5004 Gun sta, seat, IAW MIL-STD-1472C, Fig 50, seat padding
thickness, [1.5 INCHES]
5008 Gun sta, seat, IAW MIL-STD-1472C, Fig 50, seat slope,
(degrees)
5010 Gun sta, seat, IAW MIL-STD-1472C, Fig 50, distance from
seat front, top of padding, to floor, [23 INCHES]
5054 Gun sta, protective guard provided between leg and gun
breech? [YES]
5062 Gun sta, average time to emergency egress from sta, NBC
MOPP-4, 95th percentile male, (no. trials; seconds)
5 _N
F b
5116 Gun sta, average time to acquire target, manual mode, (no. .
trials; range of target; seconds)
5118 Gun sta, average time to lay on target, manual mode, (no.
trials; range of target; seconds)
-30 - -.
5136 Gun sta, quality of visual access to all controls and
displays, day and night operations, rating scale 3 [3]
5153 Gun sta, com equip, space between connector and bulkhead or
nearest object, [.75 INCH]
" 5154 Gun sta, speech intelligibility, gnr's com equip, CVC
helmet, MRT, non-NBC, (percent correct)
.1*
5169 Gun sta, illumination level, closed hatch, measured at
primary display/control position, (lx; ft-C)
5171 Gun sta, adequacy of control/display luminance, rating
scale 1 (1-6)
2
I . . . . . . . .
• ." ".-
. "'-..
." . "-" -. "-.-' -- .- -' - '.- " - . ' .. .- -... '_ ., , '." -' ' L 42 4 ' ., 4 ',4.
5206 Gun sta, ease of control actuation for all gunner's
controls, rating scale 2 [3]
5208 Gun sta, force required, worse case, control actuation, (N;
.' lbs)
[33
5456 Gun sta, hatch, combat lock provided? [NO]
5458 Gun sta, force required to unlock combat lock, (N; lbs)
5466 Gun sta, quality of vision through GPS, day mode, rating
scale 3 [4]
5468 Gun sta, quality of vision through GPS, night mode, rating
scale 3 (1-6)
5470 Gun sta, quality of vision through auxiliary sight, day -
mode, rating scale 3 (1-6)
4U
.... .,- U
A
-5- 5S -. ~A. ~ A .7. A2.. .. A .. .. .
5490 Gun sta chance of handedness or eye glasses interfering
with operations, rating scale 3 [3]
5540 Gun sta, impulse noise hazards, main gun/coax, rating scale
5 (1-6)
5542 Gun sta, impulse noise, main gun firing, closed hatch, gun
pos forward, .A duration; B duration; peak pressure-,IBA)
5552 Gun sta, whole body vibration, at SRP IAW TECOM TOP
1-2-610, X-axis, (RMS, 30 HZ; RMS, 50 HZ; RMS, 80 HZ)
5554 Gun sta, whole body vibration, at SRP IAW TECOM TOP
1-2-610, Y-axis, (RMS, 30 HZ; RMS, 50 HZ; RMS, 80 HZ)
5556 Gun sta, whole body vibration, at SRP IAW TECOM TOP
1-2-610, Z-axis, (RMS, 30 HZ; RMS, 50 HZ; RMS, 80 HZ)
6.
U'
Ul
~-.-- .* -- * - .-.- - - ---
Human Factors Engineering Data Base
File Name: AMR5
Loader's Station
6000 Ldr sta, seat, IAW MIL-STD-1472C, Fig 50, seat pan
dimensions, 1 x w, (mm; in.)
6004 Ldr sta, seat, IAW MIL-STD-1472C, Fig 50, seat padding
thickness, (mm; in.)
6008 Ldr sta, seat, IAW MIL-STD-1472C, Fig 50, seat slope,
*- (degrees)
6010 Ldr sta, seat, IAW MIL-STD-1472C, Fig 50, distance from
seat front, top of padding, to floor, (mm; in.)
*'7
U
6074 Ldr sta, seat, distance from SRP to nearest main gun round
stowed in ready rack, (mm; in.)
6076 Ldr sta, seat, distance from SRP to most distant main gun
round stowed in ready rack, (mm; in.)
6077 Ldr sta, main gun ammo, projectile separate from "
propellent? (Yes/No; comments)
6078 Ldr sta, ease of access and loading of main gun ammo,
rating scale 2 (1-6)
6079 Ldr sta, main gun ammo, type 1, (type/weight,
lbs;kg/length, mm; in.)
6080 Ldr sta, main qun ammo, type 2, "type/weight,
|U
,-i.-......................
" "
.. .-- ............. ..
, ",."--,', -. "....".........".-."..".............".."."-"-......."..."....""...".. '.........".. "."....-"...........".."..
lbs;kg/length, mm; in.)
6092 Ldr sta, main gun provided with stub case deflector?
(Yes/No; comments)
6094 Ldr sta, main gun provided with stub case box? (Yes/No;
comments)
6096 Ldr sta, distance from SRP to stub case box, (mm; in.)
6112 Ldr sta, danger posed by sliding doors of main gun ammo
bustle when accessing ammo, rating scale 5 (1-6)
6116 Ldr sta, ease of access to main gun ammo and operation of
mechanisms to stow or release ammo, rating scale 2 (1-6)
6120 Ldr sta, average time to access main gun ammo, load, lock
into breech, (no. trials; type ammo; seconds)
6128 Ldr sta, ease of main gun ammunition resupply through ldr's
hatch, rating scale 2 (1-6)
6138 Ldr sta, coax, ease of access to load, charge, clear jams
as required, non-NBC clad, rating scale 2 (1-6)
6140 Ldr sta, coax, ease of access to load, charge, clear jams
as required, NBC MOPP-4, rating scale 2 (1-6)
6142 Ldr sta, coax, average time to load, non-NBC clad, (no.
trials; seconds)
6144 Ldr sta, coax, average time to load, NBC MOPP-4, (no.
trials; seconds)
6454 Ldr sta, ease of access and operation of all ldr's controls
without being subjected to main gun recoil, rating scale 2
(1-6)
6460 Ldr sta, ease of loading secondary weapon (i.e., 7.62 MG,
.50 Cal MG, etc.), rating scale 2 (1-6) p
6462 Ldr sta, ease of installing secondary weapon (i.e., 7.62
MG, .50 Cal MG, etc.), rating scale 2 (1-6)
6464 Ldr sta, ease of dismounting secondary weapon (i.e., 7.62
MG, .50 Cal MG, etc.), rating scale 2 (1-6)
6470 Ldr sta, average time to mount secondary weapon from stowed
position, (no. trials; seconds)
6472 Ldr sta, average time to load secondary weapon, (no.
trials; seconds)
6474 Ldr sta, accuracy, secondary weapon, average scores,
(no.trials; no. rds per trial; percent rds on target)
6478 Ldr sta, effectiveness of Idr's periscopic vision, racing . .
?_10
** t, A . .- . - I.
scale 6 (1-6)
6514 Ldr sta, viewing distance from design eye position to most
distant display, (mm; in.)
6516 Ldr sta, viewing angle from design eye position to worse
case primary display, (degrees)
.. . . . . .. .-
..
-. -. - . ~.-. J~J. .-
41
etc.)
6534 Ldr sta, control provided with primary display for variable
luminance? (Yes/No; comments)
6536 Ldr sta, range of luminance for primary display, (display -
6584 Ldr sta, overall ease of control actuation for all ldr's
controls, rating scale 2 (1-6)
6586 Ldr sta, force required, worse case, ldr control actuation,
(N; lbs)
,3--2--- -
6594 Ldr sta, NBC collective protection, location of interface
point with which to hook into hose of individual vest/NBC
suit (text)
6662 Ldr sta, force required to unlock combat lock, (N; lbs)
6664 Ldr sta, adequacy of hatch entry padding, rating scale 1
(1-6)
6666 Ldr sta, ease of releasing hatch from secured, open hatch
I :-,i3
"
- "" .
" " ,.., .. ' . ="-" "* -. *- -" " "
." -' , .-. " " . ..- ,- ".." "" *" . ".*%"..' ';' ,..-. "
position, to closed hatch position, rating scale 2 (1-6)
6670 Ldr sta, average time to emergency egress ldr sta, from
clcsed hatch position, non-NBC, (no. trials; seconds)
6672 Ldr sta, average time to emergency egress ldr sta, from
closed hatch position, NBC MOP-4, (no. trials; seconds)
6684 Ldr sta, speech intelligibility, ldr com equip, CVC helmet,
non-NBC, MRT, (percent correct)
6686 Ldr sta, speech intelligibility, ldr com equip, CVC helmet,
w/NBC mask, MRT, (percent correct)
6688 Ldr sta, com equip, space between connector and bulkhead or
nearest object, (mm; in.)
6690 Ldr sta, quality of speech intelligibility, CVC helmet,
non-NBC, rating scale 2 (1-6) .
6710 Ldr sta, heater, station designed for equal distribution of "
heat? (Yes/No; comments)
;-44
6714 Ldr sta, ventilation, non-NBC; effectiveness of fresh
outside air ventilation system, rating scale 6 (1-6)
6716 Ldr sta, ventilation, non-NBC; air flow rate/volume at 'S
6740 Ldr sta, impulse noise hazards, main gun/coax, rating scale
5 (1-6)
6742 Ldr sta, impulse noise, main gun firing, closed hatch, gun
pos forward, (A duration; B duration; peak pressure-dBA)
6750 Ldr sta, seat vibration, prob of degrading tas'-
performance, rating scale 7 (1-6)
6752 Ldr sta, whole body vibration, at SRP IAW TECOM TOP
1-2-610, X-axis, (RMS, 30 HZ; RMS, 50 HZ; RMS, 80 HZ)
. 6754 Ldr sta, whole body vibration, at SRP IAW TECOM TOP
1-2-610, Y-axis, (RMS, 30 HZ; RMS, 50 HZ; RMS, 80 HZ)
6756 Ldr sta, whole body vibration, at SRP IAW TECOM TOP
1-2-610, Z-axis, (RMS, 30 HZ; RMS, 50 HZ; RMS, 80 HZ)
p.
2-45
U
Human Factors Engineering Data Base
File Name: AMR6
Crew Integration, Safety, Health Hazards
9.7
donning/doffing of NBC/arctic garb, rating scale 1 [1]
-U-
-T---'. -7-7,7 - -
°-
7096 Toxic fumes, level of CO, turret, main gun firing, closed
hatch, 6 rnds, (PPM: COhB)
7098 Toxic fumes, level of CO, turret, main gun firing, closed
hatch 10 rnds, (PPM; COhB)
7100 Toxic fumes, level of S02, turret, main gun firing, closed
hatch, 6 rnds, (PPM)
7102 Toxic fumes, level of S02, turret, main gun firing, closed
hatch, 10 rnds, (PPM)
7104 Toxic fumes, level of N02, turret, main gun firing, closed
hatch, 6 rnds, (PPM)
7106 Toxic fumes, level of N02, turret, main gun firing, closed
hatch, 10 rnds, (PPM)
7108 Toxic fumes, level of NH3, turret, main gun firing, closed
hatch, 6 rnds, (PPM)
7110 Toxic fumes, level of NH3, turret, main gun firing, closed
1 (1-6)
7' -7 !
i
(Yes/No; comments)
%I
scale 1 (1-6)
-a
IL A
.. 'p . . . . . . .- . . ~. . - . -"
UNCLASSIFIED
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE ("€ben ).t. Fnfered)
BDM Corporation
1801 Randolph Rd
Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87106 62716A
11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE
Unclassified
17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abetract entered in Block 20, If different from Report)
19 KEY WORDS (Continue on reveree side If necessary mid Identify by block number)
ANTHROPOMETRY CENTURION
ARMORED VEHICLE CHIEFTAIN
DATABASE AMX 13
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING
MAIN BATTLE TANK
20 ABSTRACT CCnottno wi rv ,*si e If nslceos.. y id Identitfy by block n mbe '
Ii,.
• II
"
- - -&- -- : .:-, -- ,--.- s-.-- % - --. **-. -
d a.. . -'-' ' - " ' " . . " "" ' " " ' . - . - . " " ' ' - " . . . " " l ' , . " " . .. . ."
'-~'~ -~ -~ -~ - ~
*1I
.1
S. I