Sohar University

Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Program
Chemical Engineering Program
Civil Engineering Program

Laboratory Manual

HEAT TRANSFER
CHEM3000/MECH 3408
Level 3

Course Coordinator:
Dr. Youssef Touhami

Teaching assistants:
Mrs. Suad Abou Hour

Year: 2016-2017
 Laboratory
Manual MECH FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SOHAR UNIVERSITY
3408/CHEM3000

Page
No Contents
Number
1 General instructions 3
2 Safety precautions 4
3 Instructions for lab experiments 6
4 Guidelines for writing lab report 7
5 Experiment# 1 Conduction Heat Transfer
6 Experiment# 2 Free And Forced Convection Heat Transfer
7 Experiment# 3 Radiation Heat Transfer
8 Experiment# 4 Boiling Heat Transfer
9 Experiment# 5 Jacketed Vessel Heat Exchanger
10 Experiment# 6 Tubular Heat Exchanger
11 Experiment# 7 Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger

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 Laboratory
Manual MECH FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SOHAR UNIVERSITY
3408/CHEM3000

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

In chemical industries, many operations are assisted with heat addition or heat rejection, e.g.,
petroleum processes involve a variety of heat exchangers and reactors whose performance is
very much affected through heat transfer. The process heat transfer lab is designed to
familiarize the students with the science of heat transfer so that they are able to apply the
basic fundamentals for the smooth running of process equipment.

This lab manual is common to Mechanical, Chemical, and Civil programs in level-3, Faculty
of Engineering, Sohar University. Students are encouraged to learn to do all experiments
following the same general methods and procedures presented in this manual, and to
document them in lab reports using similar styles and format. This will help perfect
laboratory and reporting skills useful for students to professionally integrate into industrial or
research laboratory establishments

The exercises in this manual are designed to give the students an introduction to laboratory
procedures for performing experiments in Heat Transfer lab. The purpose is to provide
students with a deeper understanding of theoretical principles by observing phenomena, by
measuring physical characteristics and by comparing measured versus calculated results. This
“hands-on” experience is essential to an engineering technology student.

In addition to following the procedures given for a lab, each student will be required to
submit a lab report documenting the experiment and the results. Documenting laboratory
results in a clear and concise manner is just as important as conducting an experiment
properly. The laboratory discipline and the reporting principles presented herein will extend
directly to any engineering test lab in industry.

A goal of the Faculty of Engineering is training students to work well in teams in the pursuit
of a common objective such as a lab experiment. Thus students have to learn to organize
themselves into team groups, and to allocate responsibilities among themselves.

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 Laboratory
Manual MECH FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SOHAR UNIVERSITY
3408/CHEM3000

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

It is important that each student should read the safety precautions and procedure
followed before coming to the lab.

I. All equipment and instrumentation shall be handled carefully to avoid damage

during experimental operations. At no time shall any equipment be relocated from its
position in the Lab. Any anomalies encountered with equipment during an experiment
shall be brought to the instructor’s attention immediately.
II. No repairs or attempted repairs shall be performed on any lab equipment; including
instrumentation, fixtures, and especially pressurized systems or components. Only the
equipment specified in the Equipment List for each procedure shall be used. When
given in test procedures, the sequence of steps specified in each procedure is
mandatory. No steps shall be performed out of sequence.
III. Operational areas shall be maintained clean and orderly, free of trash or combustible
materials.
IV. Food and beverage are not permitted in the Lab.
V. Smoking is prohibited.
VI. Equipment taken from storage racks or cabinets shall be returned to designated
storage locations. The area where the lab was conducted shall be cleaned, and
returned to the condition found when entering the lab to begin the procedure.
VII. Should an unsafe condition develop during the experiment, report to the instructor
to prevent injury to team members or damage to lab equipment.
VIII. Upon observing a hazardous or potentially hazardous condition that could occur if
uninterrupted operation is allowed, ANYONE participating in or observing the
experiment can issue a “STOP” command.
IX. Keep fingers and loose items of clothing away from all moving parts
X. Liquids like tea, coffee etc are need to be kept well clear of the equipment
XI. No joking, playing or horsing around in the laboratory
XII. For any queries contact the concerned staff member.

If any emergency arises call on the following numbers

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 Laboratory
Manual MECH FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SOHAR UNIVERSITY
3408/CHEM3000

EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS:

Emergency Help:

Fire
Department:

Campus Security:

STUDENT NAME: ____________________________

STUDENT ID NUMBER: _______________________

SEMESTER AND YEAR: ____________________

Heat Transfer Lab/2016-2017 Page 5

 Laboratory
Manual MECH FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SOHAR UNIVERSITY
3408/CHEM3000

INSTRUCTION FOR LAB EXPERIMENTS

1- A team consisting of 4 to 6 students will perform each experiment.

2- Lab reports are due at the start of the lab period of the following week. (E.g. the report
for a lab conducted on 8/10 is due at the start of the lab period on 15/10).

3- All students are expected to read the experiment thoroughly before starting the lab
work. Questions about procedures or precautions should be resolved by asking your
laboratory instructor before the experiment. Each group must prepare their own report.

4- Lab groups will consist of groups. Grades will be based on participation, accuracy of
data recording and reduction, completion of tasks for lab procedures and the report
itself.

5- The marks allotted for Lab work is out of 10 and Laboratory reports are graded on a
scale of 0 to 10.

6- When students have finished the experiment, they must clean their apparatus and leave
their bench clean and tidy.

7- Your reports are due at the start of the following lab period. If it is not available
at that time it is at least one day late.

8- The lab exam will be conducted at the end of the semester. It is a two hours written
examination and having a weight of 10.

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 Laboratory
Manual MECH FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SOHAR UNIVERSITY
3408/CHEM3000

GUIDELINES FOR WRITING LABORATORY REPORT

A lab report is the perfect place to start practicing technical writing. Each student will be
responsible for preparing a report after completing each laboratory exercise. The required
content and format of the report are given in the following sections.
 Cover page
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Theory
 Equipments used
 Procedure
 Observation and calculations
 Results, analyses and discussion
 Conclusions
 References
 Appendices: sample calculation

Cover Page
The report shall have a cover page with the following information provided:
 Experiment Number.
 Title of experiment.
 Laboratory Manual
 Course title
 Date of submission
 Student’s name
 Student ID

A standard cover page is shown in the following page,

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 Laboratory
Manual MECH FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SOHAR UNIVERSITY
3408/CHEM3000

Sohar University
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Program
Chemical Engineering Program
Civil Engineering Program

HEAT TRANSFER
CHEM3000/MECH 3408

Lab Experiments # ...

Title

Student’s Name 1:…………………………………………..…….. SID…………………..

Student’s Name 2:…………………………………………..…….. SID…………………..

Student’s Name 3:…………………………………………..…….. SID…………………..

Student’s Name 4:…………………………………………..…….. SID…………………..

Student’s Name 5:…………………………………………..…….. SID…………………..

Group:…………………………………………..……..
Objectives

Date:…………………………………………..………..
Heat Transfer Lab/2016-2017 Page 8
 Laboratory
Manual MECH FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SOHAR UNIVERSITY
3408/CHEM3000

Objectives
Objective is the aim of the experiment to be done in the laboratory. The objective or
objectives of the experiment should be stated at the beginning of the report. One or two
sentences are usually sufficient to summarize the purpose of the experiment.

Theory
For an engineering lab class this will probably involve one or two explanations, and a
statement of key mathematical expressions. Unless you have been asked to do so, there is no
point in writing out standard derivation from textbooks.

Equipments Used
This section should include a brief description of the test apparatus and instrumentation that
was used. Where appropriate, a schematic diagram should be included that identifies the
major components of the test system.

Procedure
A description of the procedure that was used to obtain the test results shall be provided.
Summarize the detailed steps that were used; do not repeat the detailed steps in this section.
There is a well established tradition of using the passive voice when describing experimental
procedure

Results and analysis

Experimental results should be presented in a clear and concise manner. The way you
describe the outcome of your experimental results and theoretical relationship is important.
Test results obtained from the experiment shall be
• Tabular
• Graphs (the use of Excel is preferred)
• Digital photographs
• A combination of the above.

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 Laboratory
Manual MECH FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SOHAR UNIVERSITY
3408/CHEM3000

Conclusions
This section summarizes your conclusion regarding the results. If the results differ from those
expected, provide an explanation based on an analysis of the data. Examine any assumptions
that were used that could be adversely affecting the results. Consider experimental error as a
cause of the differences. The conclusions should be based on (1) the experimental results, and
(2) supporting technical rationale and analysis.

References
Give references used like books, web site and other documents etc.
a. Books
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., and Author, C. C. (year). Title of book: Subtitle. (Edition [if not
first]). Place of publication: Publisher.
Example
Holtz, R. D. and Kovacs, W. D. (1981). An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1st
Edition, Prentice Hall.
b. Thesis
Author, I.N. (YEAR). Title of Thesis. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University.
Example
Jones, H. C., Cross, W & Smith, K. M. (1999). Get your dissertation done. Baltimore:
University of Baltimore Press.
c. Journal or Conference Papers
Author(s) Year, ‘Article Title’, Journal Name, vol. Volume, no. Issue, pp. Pages.
Example:
Seaman, C.B., Mendonca, M.G. & Kim, Y.M. 2003, ‘User evaluation and evolution of a
prototype management tool’, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 29, no. 9, pp.
838-51.
d. Websites
Author. (Date published if available; n.d.-no date- if not). Title of article. Title of web site .
Retrieved date. from <URL>.
Example
United Nations Environment Programme (2001). Environmental Aspects of Phosphate and
Potash Mining. Retrieved January 2008. From
www.mineralresourcesforum.org/docs/pdfs/phosphate_potash_mining.pdf

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