Animal Diversity Pearson
Animal Diversity Pearson
Diversity
Blastocoel
Cleavage Cleavage
Endoderm
Ectoderm
Gastrula Gastrulation
Blastopore
• Many animals have at least one larval stage
• A larva is sexually immature and morphologically
distinct from the adult; it eventually undergoes
metamorphosis
Single cell
Stalk
LE 32-4
Reproductive cells
Hollow sphere
Colonial protist, of unspecialized Beginning of cell Infolding Gastrula-like
and aggregate of cells (shown in specialization “protoanimal”
identical cells cross section)
Neoproterozoic Era (1 Billion–524 Million Years Ago)
Radial symmetry
• The two-sided symmetry seen in a shovel is an
example of bilateral symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
• Bilaterally symmetrical animals have:
– A dorsal (top) side and a ventral (bottom) side
– A right and left side
– Anterior (head) and posterior (tail) ends
– Cephalization, the development of a head
Coelom
Body covering
(from ectoderm)
Tissue layer
lining coelom
Digestive tract and suspending
(from endoderm) internal organs
(from mesoderm)
Coelomate
• A pseudocoelom is a body cavity derived from the
blastocoel, rather than from mesoderm
Body covering
(from ectoderm)
Body covering
(from ectoderm) Tissue-
filled region
(from
mesoderm)
Archenteron
Coelom
Mesoderm Blastopore Blastopore Mesoderm
Schizocoelous: solid Enterocoelous:
masses of mesoderm folds of archenteron
split and form coelom form coelom
Fate of the Blastopore
Digestive tube
Mouth Anus
Mouth develops Anus develops
from blastopore from blastopore
Concept 32.4: Leading hypotheses agree on major
features of the animal phylogenetic tree
Bilateria
Eumetazoa
Metazoa
Ancestral colonial
flagellate
• One hypothesis of animal phylogeny is based
mainly on molecular data
“Radiata”
Bilateria
Eumetazoa
Metazoa
Ancestral colonial
flagellate
5 Points of Agreement
Apical tuft
of cilia
Mouth
Anus