Professional Documents
Culture Documents
IELTS For Academic Purposes - Bandscore Booster
IELTS For Academic Purposes - Bandscore Booster
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Malcolm Mann & Steve Taylore-Knowles
The McGrow·Hill Companies
Exclusive rights by McGraw-Hill Education (Asia), for manufacture and export. This book cannot be re•
exported from the country to which it is sold by McGraw-Hill. This International Edition is not to be sold or
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Published by McGraw ESL/ELT, a business of Tbe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the
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Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the
United States.
10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 0 l
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CTP SLP
Author acknowledgements
A team of highly talented people has enabled this project to be realized, and the authors are enormously
grateful to everyone involved.
At McGraw-Hill, particular thanks must go to Sue Jones (for her belief in us, her continual support and
encouragement, and her incredible ability to get things moving), Michael Peluse (for his trust, support,
clarity, organisational skills and ability to see the big picture) and Anne-Sophie Vignolles (for her wonderful
advice, support, feedback and exceptional project management skills).
At Hyphen, particular thanks must go to Emma parker and Paul Shaw (for their detailed and perceptive
feedback, their expertise and experience, and their unfailing sense of humour whenever things got
tough). We would also like to thank the many consultants from around the world who have commented
on the manuscript throughout all the stages of its production. Their input has been invaluable.
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THE ARTS
Reading
~Wordbank
Vocabulary from the Word bank on page 19 of the Student's Book
Write a word from the Wordbank in each gap. The first letter of each word is given to
help you.
H~ Othervocabulary
Other vocabulary from the Reading section on pages 18 and 19 of the Student's Book
e The words in italics are in the wrong sentence. Find the correct words and write them
on the lines.
1 We're going to get a local artist to paint a/an instrument of
my grandmother. I
porlYait
2 There's an interesting portrait on tonight about space travel.
3 Her very first role was in a school performer when she was eleven
years old.
4 A novel in a musical has to be able to sing and dance as well as act.
5 Tolstoy's play'War and Peace' is over 1,300 pages long!
6 Every child should learn to play a musical documentary, in my opinion.
Vocabularyboost:phrasal verbs
0 Choose the correct word.
NEW DIRECTIONS
Those of you who are interested in (1) _B_ art should make a note of the dates of
New Directions, a collection of paintings and photographs from some of the art world's
most promising young artists. From July 1st to August 12th, this (2) offers a rare
opportunity to see challenging works from tomorrow's stars. Held at the A 1 Studio, a large
private (3) ,it promises to surprise, delight and shock. According to the (4) ,
which lists over two hundred works, 'this could be the biggest thing in art for over one
hundred years'. Okay, it's a pretty big claim, but there are some exciting artists here and
works range from computer-generated images to good old-fashioned oil (5) .
Contact A 1 Studio to book a place.
~~~Other vocabulary
Other vocabularyfrom the Listeningsectionon page 20 of the Student's Book
(8) (10)
criticise (12)
(9) (11)
drama
dramatise (14) (15)
(13)
(16)
(17) (18)
- emotion
emotionless (19)
emotive
(20)
unforgettably
forget - forgettable
unforgettable
A The rainy season in Japan runs from the beginning of June to the middle of July.
B I'm on holiday for the next fortnight, but we can meet when I get back.
C The results for the last quarter show that sales have increased.
D I think the 70s was a great decade for art and design.
E Picasso was probably the most famous artist of the 20th century.
F Many countries held celebrations in 2000 to mark the start of a new millennium.
1 two weeks:
2 1,000 years:
3 ten years:
4 three months (used in financial contexts):
5 100 years:
6 part of the year with different weather:
Use the correct form of the verb in brackets to fill in the gaps. Use contractions
(I've, etc.) where possible.
1 They haven't announced how much the concert tickets are yet
2 I've been writing short stories I was about eight years old.
3 I haven't read the book yet - I've only bought it!
4 We haven't been to the Edvard Munch exhibition and it closes next week.
S Have you entered a screenplay ompetition?
6 cI've never heard of Broken Social Scene . Are they a new band?
7 Have you finished decorating the cake ? That was fast!
8 The programme's only been on about five minutes.
• n CD, 2 Listen to this IELTS candidate answering questions in Part 1 of the Speaking
Module. Decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE.
1 She has been playing the piano for 3 years. TRUE /CfALSi;)
2 She has been playing the guitar since she was 7 years old. TRUE I FALSE
3 She has been playing the trumpet for a long time. TRUE I FALSE
4 She has just finished reading War and Peace. TRUE I FALSE
S She hasn't decided yet what to read next. TRUE I FALSE
The tickets were really expensive because l@I such we decided not to get them.
2 The tickets were really expensive because I and I but we decided to go anyway.
3 The tickets were really expensive because I so I and they're one of the biggest bands in
the world.
4 The tickets were really expensive but for concerts such I so I and as this they usually are.
Vocabularyboost:word patterns
0 Use the correctform of the verbsin bracketsand add any necessary words to complete
the sentences.
Underlinefive mistakes in the passive voicein this text. Rewriteeach verb form
correctlyin the space below.
From the data which has presented in this table, it can see that the cinema is becoming
less popular with young people aged 14-18. Although the cinema was mention as a leisure
activity by 68% of 14- to 18-year-olds ten years ago, today the figure is only 59%. In contrast,
70% of 19- to 23-year-olds who questioned said that they go to the cinema at least twice a
month. In the next age group (24- to 37-year olds), the cinema was been chosen by 65% of
those asked.
1 15 presented
I
3 5
2 4
Completethe text by putting the verbs provided into their passive forms.
The data which (1) 1s F17rov1ded/hasbeen Iprovided (PROVIDE) in the table shows that
modern art (2) (CONSIDER) by many people to be
shocking. Over 75% of the people who (3) (ASK) to take
part in the survey said that they (4) ------------(SHOCK) by a piece of
modern art in the past. At the same time, modern art (5) _
(DESCRIBE) as 'important' by over half of the people surveyed (53%).
Traditional art (6) (PREFER) by those over 50, with 85%
saying that more exhibitions should (7) (ORGANISE)
by local museums. The percentage of over-50s who believed that young people would
(8) (ATTRACT) to such exhibitions was high at
79%. However, when young people themselves (9) -----------•
(INTERVIEW) as part of the survey, only 38% thought that youngsters could
(10) (INTEREST) in traditional art by such means.
Choose the word or phrase which means the same as the word or phrase in italics.
1 There has been a gradual increase in the number of people attending the ballet.
(A steady) B stable
2 The percentage attending concerts has declined from 46% to 41 %.
A fallen B risen
3 This represents a considerable increase on the data from ten years before.
A slight B significant
4 The figures show a drop over three years of around 5%.
A decrease B rise
5 The sharp increase in the first two years was followed by a gradual fall in numbers.
A sudden B steady
6 The number of people choosing this option has stayed constant over ten years.
A fallen slightly B remained stable
1 2
time
I time
a steady
>
tleclt'11e(ollowetl by> a shaYJJ i11cYease
I i
3 4
time time
s 6
time time
1 The number of people visiting the cinema less than once per month has dropped
GignificantlY}/ slightly.
2 There has been a considerable I a slight fall in the number visiting the cinema
once per month.
3 The number of people who go to the cinema from one to three times per month has risen
considerably I slightly.
4 The data show a slight I considerable increase over ten years in the number visiting the
cinema more than three times per month .
A This is a small picture that presents information, such as a warning, clearly and simply.
You might see one of these in a guidebook.
B This is a painting or a photograph of a person. You might see this in a biography of
that person.
C This is a drawing which is funny or which makes a political point. You might see one of
these in a newspaper.
D This is a quick drawing, usually with a pencil. You might see this in somebody's notebook.
E This is a picture which goes with text and shows you what something being described
looks like. You might see one of these in a children's storybook.
F This is a picture which shows you how a device or a process works. You might see one of
these in an instruction manual.
.. Vocabularyboost:prepositions
4D Choose the correct word.
C) Find words or phrases in the Reading text which have a similar meaning to those below.
0 These adverbs appear in the Reading text. Choose the best meaning for each one.
1 A large number of words are common to both English and French. (paragraph 1)
2 If you invent something, you should take out a to stop other people
making money from it. (paragraph 4)
3 If you a business, you start it with someone else. (paragraph 4)
4 Which of washing powder do you usually buy? (paragraph 4)
5 Most car manufacturers produce a number of different . (paragraph S)
6 If you make your on something, you have an effect on it. (paragraph 6)
7 If something's , you can't see it at all. (paragraph 6)
8 Her collection of magazines was destroyed in the fire. (paragraph 6)
Match to make phrases. If more than one phrase is possible, write all the possibilities.
1 welfare A benefit TA E F
2 national B countries
3 developing c care
4 unemployment D insurance
s health E rights
6 human F system
~ ~ ~ Other vocabulary
Other vocabulary from the Reading section on pages 28 and 29 of the Student's Book
12 SOCIETIES SOCIETIES 12
Vocabulary boost: word formation
POLITICS
1 Many people don't trust po/itt'cians , but I think they are generally honest.
2 '
The country has faced a number of problems recently.
3 He was very active when he was younger.
ORGANISE
The of the protest claimed that 50,000 people were involved.
2 The government is so that nobody believes it will win the next election.
3 This problem can only be solved by a large , like the United Nations.
LEGAL
1 I don't think they should handguns in this country.
2 I'm sorry. I didn't know it was to park here.
3 All passengers are required to complete the immigration form.
ECONOMY
1 The situation seems to be getting worse everywhere.
2 are predicting that things will get worse before they get better.
3 We need to find more ways of producing energy.
SOCIETY
1 It's not easy to solve problems, like poverty.
2 There's a big problem with behaviour and minor crime in this area.
3 In some countries, it's acceptable to ask someone how much they earn.
Vocabularyboost:phrasal verbs
13 SOCIETIES SOCIETIES 13
Listening
~Wordbank
Vocabularyfrom the Wordbankon page 30 of the Student's Book
Write a word from the Wordbankin each gap. The first letter of each word is given to
help you.
1 You should learn about the habits and customs of a place before you visit.
2 I wish I hadn't v to help at the Student Welfare Service.
3 The university c for the needs of students very well.
4 The biggest i the plan faces is a lack of money.
5 I couldn't believe how r Amy was to the governor.
6 I didn't really f in when I went to university.
~H Othervocabulary
Other vocabularyfrom the Listeningsectionon page 30 of the Student's Book
- Vocabularyboost:topic vocabulary
e Match each word to the correctdefinition
.
14 SOCIETIES SOCIETIES 14
G) Choose the correct word.
- Vocabularyboost:phrases
0 Write a verb from below in each gap. You need to use some verbs more than once.
15 SOCIETIES SOCIETIES 15
Speaking
~ Grammarbank:Talking about the past
Grammar Reference, Section 3, pages 99-100 of the Student's Book
Each verb in bold is in the wrong tense. Write the correct tense on the line.
Rewrite each sentence using the phrase given. Make as many sentences as you
can each time.
5 Wendy and Miguel knew each other for a year and then I met them.
had known
6 Liza and I started talking about Dan and then he came into the room.
were talking
16 SOCIETIES SOCIETIES 16
~Wordbank
Vocabularyfrom the Wordbankon page 31 of the Student's Book
t') CD, 3 Listen to these people talking about a new law. Decide whether each
speaker agrees or disagrees with the law.
~ ~ ~ Other vocabulary
Other vocabularyfrom the Speaking section on page 31 of the Student'sBook
(6) (7)
reside
(8)
- Vocabularyboost:placesto Live
0 Match each word or phrase to the correctdefinition.
17 SOCIETIES SOCIETIES 17
6 villa F a house that shares a wall with one other house
18 SOCIETIES SOCIETIES 18
Writing
~ Grammarbank:Concedingand contrasting
Grammar Reference, Section4, page 100 of the Students' Book
1 The gang made very careful plans. They were still arrested.
The gang werestt!I arrested, despdemak1n3 very car~{u/plans (DESPITE).
2 Karl was under eighteen. They still sent him to prison.
They (THOUGH).
3 He wore a disguise. The police still caught him.
In (FACT).
4 Jane had lots of money. She still stole a mobile phone.
Jane
--------------------(SPITE).
5 I locked the car. It was still stolen.
The car (ALTHOUGH).
6 Crime is dropping in this area. It's still a major problem.
Crime (EVEN).
19 SOCIETIES SOCIETIES 19
~Wordbank
Vocabularyfrom the Word bank on page 32 of the Student's Book
2 Crime seems to be falling, but most people the belief that it's on the
increase.
3 The police the conclusion that the crime was committed by an employee.
4 The government the view that the law needs to be changed.
5 I've gradually to the conclusion that prison doesn't work.
~~~Other vocabulary
Other vocabulary from the Writing sectionon pages 32 and 33 of the Student'sBook
1 What this problem needs is a new affroach (CAPAPROH) based on scientific research.
2 Many in the local (MCNOYITMU) are angry at the failure to prevent crime.
3 At this prison, we try to help the (FEFSNODRE) understand how victims feel.
4 He was sentenced to 100 hours of community (VSEERIC).
5 You can't blame the (CMIRCASESTCNU) you grew up in for your behaviour.
6 The prison is home to approximately 500 (IASNTEM).
7 The government hasn't done enough to (ACKETL) crime.
8 The woman was (NVDCTEICO) after a trial that lasted for three months.
G) Choose the word from Exercise F which goes with each group of words.
1 limited
- results - resources - vocabulary - power
2
- job - meal - wage - clothes - education
3
- injury- crime - illness
4
- solution - protection - attempt
20 SOCIETIES SOCIETIES 20
- Vocabulary boost: crimes and criminals
0 Write a word from below in each gap.
0 Write the word for the person who commits each of these crimes.
0 t) CD, 4 Listen to this woman talking about a crime and decide whether the
statements are TRUE or FALSE.
21 SOCIETIES SOCIETIES 21
EXAM PRACTICE
Reading
Vocabulary from the Reading text on pages 34 and 35 of the Student's Book
1 Your ancestors are the people who lived a long time before you.
2 All the in the restaurant turned at the sudden noise.
3 The police are looking for two who were seen running away.
4 It was raining and the young man his jacket around the woman's shoulders.
5 Skiing my need to do something exciting every now and again.
6 Mrs Jarvis her son into the living room to explain his behaviour.
7 Your career begins to more importance in your life as you get older.
8 I don't think it's kind to about your friends like that.
0 Find words or phrases in the Reading text which have a similar meaning to those below.
22 SOCIETIES SOCIETIES 22
FUTURES
Reading
~Wordbank
Vocabulary from the Wordbank on page 39 of the Student's Book
1 All this vocabulary comes from the Unit 3 Reading worclhaMk (BROKDAWN).
2 We usually take things like electricity and running water for (DETRANG)
these days.
3 We've finished the research but we haven't analysed all the (TAAD) yet.
4 It's highly (YEKLIL) that humans will land on Mars within our lifetime.
5 Everyone should try to understand the (PENTOCC) behind Einstein's
Theory of Relativity.
6 (NEVIG) that there's no scientific evidence to prove they exist, it's amazing
that so many people believe in ghosts.
~H Other vocabulary
Other vocabulary from the Reading section on pages 38 and 39 of the Student's Book
1 If you could go back on !@time, which era would you choose to go back to?
2 Do you think aliens will ever try to make contact with I to humans?
3 We have so many means of I for communication at our disposal these days.
4 You can always rely on I from this news channel to give you the facts.
5 A small change in the design can make a big difference in I with practice.
6 You can't break the laws in I of physics!
2 Can you make sure the DVD player's connected the TV properly?
3 Scientists still haven't provided answers these questions yet.
4 I think you're referring astrologers rather than astronomers, aren't you?
5 You're not having doubts the experiment, are you?
22 FUTURES FUTURES
22
6 I'm not aware any scientific studies which show that telepathy is
a real phenomenon.
7 An inch is roughly equivalent 2.5 centimetres.
8 What are the chances seeing a shooting star tonight?
SPACE TOURISM
There are still a large number of (1) unanswered (ANSWER) questions regarding space
tourism, particularly to do with the everyday (2) (PRACTICAL), such as eating
or going to the toilet, of life in space. However, there is widespread (3) (AGREE)
both within the travel industry and the space technology industry that space tourism is a
(4) (POTENTIAL) enormous source of income. Although the first space
tourists are (5) (NECESSARY) extremely wealthy people - and will continue
to be for the foreseeable future - the long-term hope is that space tourism will become a
(6) (REAL) for all of us. In all (7) (LIKELY), that is exactly what's
going to happen.
- Vocabularyboost:phrasal verbs
e Choose the correct word.
Can you turn@/ out I down the PC when you've finished using it, please?
2 How did you come off I up I over with such a brilliant idea?
3 I screamed when she suddenly turned into I round I out an alien at the end of the film!
4 I'm trying to work up I off I out how many days they've been in space so far.
5 Scientist have narrowed off I down I out the possible landing sites to three options.
6 The design's really come up I on I off since I saw it last. Well done! You're
making progress!
23 FUTURES FUTURES
23
Listening
~Wordbank
Vocabulary from the Word bank on page 40 of the Student's Book
Write one word on each line to replace the wordsin italics. The first letter is given to
help you.
1 It's not very surprising that space missions cost billions of dollars. ha~
ya"'"/"'y,, _
2 I was worried at first that the telescope wouldn't be powerful enough. i _
3 Do astronauts often need to be helped to remember to get enough sleep? r _
4 The sizes of distant stars are usually approximate calculations because we can't measure
them accurately. e _
5 There are no present plans to build a space hotel on the Moon. c _
H~ Other vocabulary
Other vocabulary from the Listeningsectionon page 40 of the Student's Book
Q The wordsin italicsare in the wrong sentence. Find the correct words and write them
on the lines.
1 It takes just over 365 days for the Earth to complete one galaxy of the Sun. oYbd
2 Our Sun is an average-sized universe. _
3 A/an orbit is a group of billions of stars spinning around a central point. _
4 The galaxy we live in is called the Milky System. _
5 The star is all space, and everything that exists within it. _
6 The planets, including Earth, and the Sun they go around, are known collectively as the
Solar Way. _
If you want to talk about periods of time in the history of the universe, you can use
~qa/achc years.
2 If two objects , they hit each other.
3 If there is a/an between two objects, they hit each other.
4 If two organisations or galaxies , they join together to form one thing.
5 If two people are in , they share the same opinion.
6 If something is to you, it is near you.
24 FUTURES FUTURES
24
- Vocabularyboost:word formation
G) Completethe table.
Verb Noun
1 collide co/!t's1011
2 decide
3 conclude
4 permit
s invade
6 admit
7 persuade
8 exclude
9 divide
10 provide
- Vocabularyboost:word patterns
0 Change the form of the verb in bracketsand add any necessary wordsto complete
the sentences.
1 I'm not very keen 011 YeacltM q (READ) science fiction novels, to be honest.
2 Bad weather prevented the Space Shuttle (TAKE OFF).
3 Are people who wear glasses allowed (BECOME) astronauts?
4 How dare you accuse me (NOT KNOW) how old the Milky Way is!
5 I'm really looking forward (SEE) the new Batman film.
6 Why did they refuse (LEAVE) the spacecraft?
7 I don't deny (SEE) something strange, but I wouldn't say it was definitely
a UFO.
8 I don't really approve (SPEND) so much money on space research.
9 Using pencils saved the Soviet Union (HAVE) to invent a pen that worked in
zero gravity.
25 FUTURES FUTURES
25
Speaking
~ Grammarbanlc:Talkingabout the future
Grammar Reference, Section 5, pages 100-101 of the Student's Book
If a word or phrase in bold is correct, put a tick. If it's incorrect, rewrite it correctly,
including the different possibilities. Use contractions where appropriate.
Put each verb into the correct tense, including the different possibilities. Use
contractions where appropriate.
1 He'll have to renew his passport before he~qoes (HE I GO) abroad to study.
2 I won't know how well I've done in the IELTS exam until (I I GET)
my results.
3 The engines will stop as soon as the spacecraft (LAND).
4 Remember to keep an eye on the time while (YOU I DO) Task 1 of the
IELTS Writing module.
Write one or two words in each gap.
• 0 CD, S Listen to this IELTS candidate answering a question in Part 3 of the Speaking
Module. If he uses the verb tense correctly in each phrase, put a tick. If he uses it
incorrectly, put a cross and write the reason for your answer on the line.
1 'there aren't any teachers' _X_ he shouM havesatC/'there won't he... '
2 'the children are going to learn'
3 'children will still have used'
4 'things will have changed'
5 'blackboards will have been replaced'
6 'it will happen'
26 FUTURES FUTURES
26
~Wordbank
Vocabulary from the Word bank on page 41 of the Student's Book
Write a sentence using the word given so that it has a similar meaning to the
sentence before it.
1 I'd love to have the chance~o traveD/ of travelling round the world.
2 What are the chances to win I of winning the lottery?
3 There's a small chance they're going to offer I their offering me the job.
4 If I could study abroad, I'd jump at the I a chance!
5 She's taking the I a big chance by setting up her own business.
6 I ran into Doug with I by chance in the supermarket yesterday.
7 The chance is I chances are that my IELTS results will come tomorrow!
8 There's a fifty-fifty chance of I for the match being cancelled.
27 FUTURES FUTURES 27
Writing
~ Grammarbank:Using participles
Grammar Reference, Section 6, page 102 of the Student's Book
Each of these sentences is incorrect because the participle clause has a different
subject to the main clause. Rewrite them so the two clauses agree.
1 Having prepared the equipment, the experiment is started by the research team.
Havt'113p'eparectlhe eruifment, the researchteam starts the exferi'ment.
2 After connecting the cables, the equipment is turned on by an operator.
28 FUTURES FUTURES 28
~Wordbank
Vocabulary from the Word bank on page 42 of the Student's Book
29 FUTURES FUTURES 29
., ., ., Other vocabulary
Other vocabulary from the Writing section on pages 42 and 43 of the Student's Book
e Write one word on each line to replace the word or phrase in italics. The first letter is
given to help you.
1 When the batteries have been installed, the equipment is ready to be used. Oo.. :.;nc=e _
2 When the batteries have been installed, the equipment is ready to be used. A _
3 A little time after landing, the plane taxis slowly to the gate. S _
4 At this point, the ingredients are mixed together in a large bowl. s _
5 The liquid is pumped into a tank, in which it is left to cool. w _
2 short
3 high
4 low
5 deep
6 wide
7 narrow
8 large
30 FUTURES FUTURES 30
7 consider large in size or amount
31 FUTURES FUTURES 31
EXAM PRACTICE
Reading
Vocabulary from the Reading text on pages 44 and 45 of the Student's Book
0 Find verbs in the Reading text connectedto the idea of seeing the future.
1 If you have a sixth -~s~e~n~se~_, you are able to feel or see things without using the
normal five senses. (paragraph A)
2 A/An is a person who claims to be able to communicate with
dead people. (paragraph A)
3 If you have extrasensory , you are able to feel or see things without using
the normal five senses. (paragraph A)
4 If you experience , you have the feeling of repeating a past experience.
(paragraph A)
5 is the ability to see the future or communicate with dead people.
(paragraph A)
6 If you have a/an feeling about something, you think it's true even though
you have no evidence. (paragraph A)
7 is a sense of knowing what to do in a situation. (paragraph A)
8 If you have a/an , you see something that's going to happen in the future.
(paragraph C)
9 If you have a/an that something is going to happen, you suspect or feel
that it might happen, without having any real evidence. (paragraph C)
10 A is a situation with two aspects which seem to be illogical or opposites.
(paragraph E)
1 ,,_IJY,_o+-(o_u_n_d
se~ri_o:us, important (paragraph A)
2 : beyond what science can explain (paragraph A)
3 :connected to mysterious mental powers (paragraph A)
4 :ordinary, everyday, usual (paragraph A)
5 :very persuasive and convincing (paragraph B)
6 :strange, odd, unusual (paragraph B)
7 :with no pattern or planning (paragraph D)
8 : not changing, steady (paragraph D)
9 :out-of-date, no longer useable (paragraph E)
10 :low-quality (paragraph G)
31 ENVIRONMENTS FUTURES 31
ENVIRONMENTS
Reading
~Wordbank
Vocabularyfrom the Word bank on page 49 of the Student's Book
1 Not having a car, and not being able to afford taxis, I rely on -~,F-pu""'h""'/i"'""'ictransport to
get about.
2 Sir, you were driving at 80 kilometres per hour in an area where the limit
is 50 kilometres per hour.
3 The new energy lightbulbs use a lot less electricity than the old ones.
4 All the furniture is made from materials; all the wood and plastic fittings
come from old pieces of furniture.
5 It's very difficult to find housing round here; most of the properties are far
too expensive for us.
6 disposal isn't just about rubbish - it's also how you get rid of dirty water
and sewage.
7 No car is 100% friendly, but electric cars do a lot less damage than petrol
and diesel ones.
8 All company flights have to be neutral, so for every 1,000 miles we fly, the
company pays for a certain number of trees to be planted.
~ ~ ~ Othervocabulary
Other vocabularyfrom the Reading sectionon pages 48 and 49 of the Student's Book
With its lovely little square and the mountains in the background, it's one of the most
17idures1ue small towns I've ever visited.
2 It's that we start thinking about alternatives to oil as it's going to run out
one day.
3 I grew up on a pig farm, so it was a very way of life.
4 Flying business class may be more comfortable, but it's just not for a small
company like this; the tickets are extremely expensive.
5 This car does get through a lot of petrol but at least it's - it hasn't broken
down once in ten years.
6 I live in the city centre, so it's about as an environment as it's possible
to get!
7 As a secretary, you've got to be very otherwise the office can become
completely disorganised.
8 We live in a very area, which is great because we're not too far from the city
centre, and not that far from the countryside either.
32 ENVIRONMENTS FUTURES 32
e Write a verb from below in the correct form in each gap.
- Vocabularyboost:phrasal verbs
G) Choose the correct word.
- Vocabularyboost:word formation
0 Write the correct form of the word in bold in each gap.
With there being only several thousand left on the whole planet, the Giant Panda is a/an
encla>1jerecl (DANGER) species.
2 A number of animals such as the Giant Panda face (EXTINCT)
unless more is done to protect them.
3 The hurricane caused widespread (DESTROY).
4 Everyone knows everyone else in my (NEIGHBOUR).
5 I don't mind the (LIGHT); it's the thunder I don't like!
6 Animals brought up in zoos can't easily be released back into their natural
(SURROUND).
7 (INDUSTRY) waste is a major source of pollution in rivers and seas.
8 Don't worry! The dog's quite (HARM). He won't bite you!
9 We live in a built-up (RESIDE) area.
10 What's your (EXPLAIN) for climate change if it's not caused
by humans?
33 ENVIRONMENTS ENVIRONMENTS 33
Listening
~Wordbank
Vocabularyfrom the Word bank on page SO of the Student's Book
Write a word from the Wordbankon each line to replace the wordsin italics.
1 Air Krash is not a very appropriate name for an airline, is it? apt
2 The state of Hawaii is not physically connected to the mainland of
the USA. _
3 The plant-life is really green and healthy on this part of the island. _
4 Look at that enormous iceberg! _
S India and Bangladesh experience a powerful heavy and continuous rain every
six months. _
6 With temperatures falling to minus 60 degrees at night, the place is extremely difficult
to live in in the winter. _
H~ Other vocabulary
Other vocabularyfrom the Listeningsectionon page SO of the Student's Book
34 ENVIRONMENTS ENVIRONMENTS 33
G) Answer the questions.
0 Write a word from below in each gap to complete the table. Use a dictionary
if necessary.
(2) centimetres
(9) tons
0 n CD, 7 Have a guess! Write a number in each gap in the first column. Then listen
and write the actual number in the second column.
ENVIRONMENTS 35
Speaking
36 ENVIRONMENTS ENVIRONMENTS 36
36
• Write 'few' or 'little' in each gap. Then choose the meaning of the sentence from the
words and phrases in bold.
~ Wordbanlc
Vocabulary from the Word bank on page 51 of the Student's Book
37 ENVIRONMENTS ENVIRONMENTS 37
37
Writing
~ Grammarbank:Using modals
Grammar Reference, Section 8, pages 103-104 of the Student's Book
Write the correct form of the verb in each gap. Be careful! Some verbs might not
change form.
1 We ought --'t"""o-rff=et (GET) a guide book before we go on holiday.
2 We should (BUY) a guide book before we went on holiday.
3 There must (BE) at least 500 people at last night's meeting.
4 The hotel was nice, but it shouldn't (BUILD) so far from the sea.
5 Who knows what might (HAPPEN) if they discover a large meteor heading
towards Earth?
6 Who knows what might (HAPPEN) if dinosaurs hadn't become extinct?
7 Did you have (HAVE) a tour guide, or could you (LOOK)
round on your own?
8 You could (ARREST) if they'd caught you there without permission.
3 It would be a good idea for the council to renovate the old mill. OUGHT
4 You were wrong to buy a car that uses so much petrol. SHOULDN'T
5 If you have a solar-powered water heater, you aren't forced to use electricity to heat
the water. NEED
38 ENVIRONMENTS ENVIRONMENTS 38
38
~Wordbank
Vocabularyfrom the Wordbank on page 52 of the Student'sBook
~ ~ ~ Other vocabulary
Other vocabularyfrom the Writing section on pages52 and 53 of the Student'sBook
0 Write one word in each gap so the sentences have the same meaning.
1 The locations of the 5 new eco-towns have not been finalised yet.
a When choosing the best location for a new eco-town, a large number of factors have
to be consi'tlered .
b When choosing the best location for a new eco-town, a large number of factors have
to be into account.
39 ENVIRONMENTS ENVIRONMENTS 39
39
3 Coal from other parts of the world is cheaper than home-produced coal.
a As a , most British coal mines have closed in the past 30 years.
b For this , most British coal mines have closed in the past 30 years.
.. Vocabularyboost:word formation
C) Completethe table.
Verb Noun
1 accept acce12.ta11ce
j
2 acknowledge
5 challenge
7 confess
8 deny
9 dispute
10 permit
11 recognise
40 ENVIRONMENTS ENVIRONMENTS 40
40
EXAM PRACTICE
Reading
Vocabulary from the Reading text on pages 54 and 55 of the Student's Book
e Write a verb from the text in the correct form in each gap to complete the definitions.
ENVIRONMENTS
4141
REVIEW UNITS 1-4
0 Choose the correct answer.
1 Are you capable of I for holding your breath underwater for more than a minute?
2 You shouldn't have accused her for I of stealing without any evidence.
3 I've come to I at the conclusion that success isn't just about earning lots of money.
4 I really hope you succeed in I to persuading Adam to come with us.
5 You can always rely for I on Sabi rah - she won't let you down.
6 Do you really prefer staying in to I from going out?
7 Shall we take the car or are we going by I on foot?
8 Why would aliens want to make contact with I at humans?
&marks
0 Write a word from below in each gap.
&marks
Total score: I 50
~ ~ ~ Other vocabulary
Other vocabulary from the Reading section on pages 58 and 59 of the Student's Book
1 -+.P~la~n_
~e:_
onte of the very large objects like the Earth that go around the Sun
2 :an exploding star which can be seen in the night sky
3 :the Sun and all the objects that go around it
4 :a very large object that goes around a distant star
44 SCIENCES
e Write the verbsfrom below in the correct form in each gap.
1 Even with the naked eye, o/Jservatt"ons of Mars show that it's a dark red colour.
2 I don't accept the that exploring space is a waste of money.
3 He won the Nobel Prize in of his work on nuclear power.
4 The valley was created by a process of over millions of years.
5 We didn't have any that we would find life on the planet, but we did!
6 The of the ozone layer is perhaps the biggest problem facing us today.
1 I'm pleased to inform you that your to study medicine has been successful.
8 I'm sure we'll find a to the problem if we try hard enough.
SCIENCES 45
Listening
~ Wordbanlc
Vocabulary from the Word bank on page 60 of the Student's Book
Write a word from the Wordbankin each gap. The first letter of each word is given to
help you.
1 Now we've got w-'--i-+f~i , I can use my laptop anywhere in the house.
2 Scientists e that the universe is about 14 billion years old.
3 A 'flash drive' is ad that stores computer files.
4 My computer seems to take a very long time to b up.
5 It amazes me that some people lack even an e understanding of physics.
~~~Other vocabulary
Other vocabularyfrom the Listeningsectionon page 60 of the Student's Book
1 There's a hole in my jumper! Can you pass me that 11eetlle and cotton?
2 When we moved house, I used to stop things breaking when I packed.
3 I usually start the day with a cup of coffee and a of cornflakes.
4 I always take a with me when I go camping so I don't get lost.
5 I opened up part of the machine and hundreds of rolled out.
6 They use a huge to separate the metal from all the other rubbish.
- Vocabularyboost:phrasal verbs
G) (t CD, 9 Write one word in each gap. Then listenand check your answers.
46 SCIENCES
4 find : discover (information, etc.)
5 come with: think of (an idea, a plan, etc.)
6 carry : perform (an experiment, repairs, etc.)
1 They are working on a way of charging mobiles without the need to -----,;F-/Jf.~uv,+q_
them m
2 The government is planning to a study into alternative sources
of energy.
3 My car in the middle of nowhere and I had to walk to a garage.
4 Who first the idea of using a mouse to control a computer?
5 the TV and caught the end of the news report about the explosion.
6 We should the results of the experiment by the end of the week .
1 Ben insisted on coming with us, even though we didn't really want him to.
2 Being in charge of the experiment meant I checking the results.
3 Whether the experiment goes ahead or not the weather.
4 The scientist misleading the scientific community.
5 Professor Wang was very his achievements.
6 We need to the government the need to act now.
7 Many people experiments on animals and say it's cruel.
8 Do you the search for scientific truth, whatever the consequences?
9 If I'm right, the whole world could my research.
1O Every scientist has to assistants to help in their research.
11 She refused to reports that life had been discovered on Mars.
12 I don't research into nuclear weapons and think it should be banned.
SCIENCES 47
Speaking
~ Grammarbank: Using verbs + -ing/infinitives
Grammar Reference, Section 9, pages 104-105 of the Student's Book
Write the verbs in the correct column. Some verbs may go in more than one column.
aEimit afford allow cause choose consider deny encourage enjoy
fail hope intend let like make manage mind
offer plan refuse risk suggest tell tend wish
admit
SCIENCE AS A CAREER
48 SCIENCES SCIENCES 48
~Wordbank
Vocabularyfrom the Wordbank on page 61 of the Student's Book
I've always been interested in science, and I'm planning to follow a career in astronomy.
I find learning about the planets really interesting. Another interesting (1) a~pect of
it is that you get to study the history of the universe. As (2) as that, there's the
chance that you might discover something useful for mankind. It's also (3) _
pointing out that you can make a good living in astronomy if you're successful.
I'd also (4) to add that I think more people should study science subjects.
Most people don't understand very much about science and it's important because we
spend a lot of money on scientific research. In (5) to that, we need to be able
to control what scientists do and we can only do that if we understand their work. A
(6) point is that knowing more about science enriches your life.
- Vocabularyboost:phrases
0 Write a verb from below in each gap. You need to use some verbs morethan once.
1 If you J
pay attentt"on to
;;
your tutors, I'm sure you'll manage to understand the course.
2 Have you whether you're going to do a science degree or not?
3 The Earth's orbit creates seasons which the weather all over
the planet.
4 You shouldn't success in these exams . You
need to revise.
S Kwan me that he was confident his
experiment would succeed.
6 I suddenly realised I had in my calculations.
7 You need to your life and decide exactly what you want to achieve.
8 Do you think your genes in the kind of person you become?
49 SCIENCES SCIENCES 49
Writing
~ Grammarbank:Using relative clauses
Grammar Reference, Section 10, page 105 of the Student's Book
Write a word from below in each gap. You need to use some words more than once.
When there is more than one correct answer, write all the possible answers.
1 The person who/that I admire the most is the inventor, Thomas Edison.
2 The reason science is important is that it helps us understand the world.
3 Natural selection, was an idea developed by Charles Darwin, is
still controversial.
4 Yale, I studied, has world class research facilities.
5 One question scientists have yet to solve is how life started.
6 Albert Einstein, ideas revolutionised science, was born in 1879.
7 The day we landed on the moon was a day I shall never forget.
8 This is the very room nitrogen was first discovered.
In some sentences there is an extra word. Cross the extra word out. If a sentence
is correct, put a tick.
1 Medical science, which tt is one of the most popular courses, lasts four years.
2 The course which I applied for was cancelled, which it was very annoying.
3 Maths, which I did badly in at school, is now a big part of my working life.
4 Tony, who he was planning to be an engineer, failed all his exams.
5 The reason that I chose to study here was the fees, which they are quite low.
6 There's a woman on my course who she is brilliant at maths.
Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence using a relative clause. If there
are different ways of answering, write them too.
50 SCIENCES SCIENCES 50
~Wordbank
Vocabulary from the Word bank on page 62 of the Student's Book
~ ~ ~ Othervocabulary
Other vocabulary from the Writing section on pages 62 and 63 of the Student's Book
1 The study looked into the _A_ of young people towards science.
A attitude Bmood C emotion
2 The most obvious in the data is a gradual increase over time.
A fashion B motion C trend
3 A 2% of people were able to name a scientist working today.
A just B mere C minor
4 The ages of the participants from 16 to 29.
A covered B included C ranged
5 Ten per cent of the people asked preferred not to a preference.
A tell B state C utter
6 Science subjects were most popular with people in the 18-24 age .
A group B circle C set
51 SCIENCES SCIENCES 51
Vocabulary boost: word formation
(D Write the correct form of the word in bold in each gap.
PHYSICS
1 Most r;
physicists agree that the universe started with a Big Bang.
2 It's impossible to travel faster than the speed of light.
3 It's amazing to think that we can work out the laws behind nature.
CHEMISTRY
Although I studied chemistry at university, I never wanted to become a _
2 Silver and tin may look a little similar, but they're quite different.
3 Be careful when you are handling such dangerous _
BIOLOGY
1 There seems to be no reason why the animals are dying.
2 A number of think that life may have originated on another planet.
3 Mice and rats are very similar.
SCIENCE
1 To believe in UFOs without any real evidence is completely _
2 Do you accept the proof that climate change is caused by humans?
3 Is it possible to travel backwards in time?
0 (t CD, 10 Listen to these extracts from lectures. Write the subject of the lecture.
1 Speaker 1: !Jeolo!J,y
2 Speaker 2:
3 Speaker 3:
4 Speaker 4:
5 Speaker 5:
6 Speaker 6:
52 SCIENCES SCIENCES 52
EXAM PRACTICE
Reading
Vocabularyfrom the Reading text on pages 64 and 65 of the Student's Book
1 marine life (title) A animal with a soft body and a hard shell TH
2 mollusc (paragraph 1) B kind of plant or animal
3 creature (paragraph 1) c large fish with sharp teeth
4 species (paragraph 3) D very small living thing
5 albatross (paragraph 4) E animal
6 microbe (paragraph 4) F group of fish swimming together
7 school (paragraph 6) G large seabird
8 shark (paragraph 7) H general term for all life in the sea
0 Write a word from the text in the correctform in each gap.The paragraphand first
letter of the word are given to help you.
1 Technology means that the Antarctic is much more auess1ble than it used to be.
2 As it passes over the waterfall, the water over 500 feet.
3 We're hoping to take a around the Mediterranean this summer.
4 As I swam nearer to the beach, the water became enough for me to
stand up.
5 The effects of global warming are not to just one area.
6 I was walking across the frozen lake when I slipped and the ice _
53 THEMEDIA SCIENCES 53
6~ THE MEDIA
Reading
~Wordbank
Vocabularyfrom the Word bank on page 69 of the Student's Book
3 The man was found guilty of and ordered to stay away from Madonna.
4 Turn to page 4 for our amazingly photos ofTom Cruise!
5 Later in the programme, we'll bring you a/an on the situation in Paris.
6 The station broadcasts a five-minute news every hour.
~ ~ ~ Other vocabulary
Other vocabularyfrom the Reading sectionon pages 68 and 69 of the Student's Book
1 Everyone thought _A_ that the newspaper must have made a mistake.
A initially B primarily C essentially
2 He has built up a reputation for going after the truth behind a story.
A reluctantly B relentlessly C eternally
3 Her career as a celebrity came to a shameful end.
A inevitably B uncertainly C unsurely
4 Who came up with the of reality TV?
A concept B thought C image
5 I believe that even world-famous celebrities should be allowed some
A loneliness B secrecy C privacy
6 Frasier was a comedy that from 1993 to 2004.
A played Bran C showed
7 The BBC was in 1922.
A set B erected C established
8 People are afraid because a number of crimes have appeared in the media.
A high-powered B high-profile C high-level
9 The car crashed while being by paparazzi.
A tracked B imitated C pursued
10 The media have to the situation through irresponsible reporting.
A contributed B worsened C deteriorated
11 I think this issue needs to be seen in a context.
A longer B higher C wider
12 The court decided that the celebrity had been at in the case.
A blame B fault C responsibility
54 THEMEDIA SCIENCES 54
- Vocabulary boost: topic vocabulary
e Match each word or phrase to the correct definition.
G) Write a word or phrase from Exercise C in the correct form in each gap.
1 Don't miss our exclusi've on the recent story involving the Prime Minister.
2 It's my job to go through the each morning to see if there are any
good stories.
3 The the next day was 'MINISTER FOUND GUILTY'.
4 There's an interesting in today's paper on global warming.
5 In response to the question, the man said, 'No _
6 I can't stand reading the . They're just full of gossip.
7 In the , the newspaper demanded the resignation of the
person responsible.
8 There was a huge when the press found out what the politician had done.
1 someone whose job is to find out the facts of a news story: re11orler or _
2 someone who takes pictures to illustrate a news story: _
3 someone who regularly appears on a TV programme and talks to the
viewers: -----
4 someone employed by a news organisation to report back from another
country: _
5 someone who decides what stories a newspaper is going to cover each
day: _
6 someone who owns a newspaper and is in overall charge of it: _
~~~Other vocabulary
Other vocabulary from the Listening section on page 70 of the Student's Book
1 Speaker 1: scnpfwrder
I
2 Speaker 2:
3 Speaker 3:
4 Speaker 4:
5 Speaker 5:
I'm just watching the end of this programme while I wait for the news to come@! off.
2 As he investigated the case, he came across I to evidence that he knew would be a major
embarrassment to the government.
3 They broadcast a story about 'spaghetti trees' on April Fool's Day and people all over the
country were taken up I in.
4 Global Media is trying to take off I over one of its smaller rivals, but the shareholders
have rejected their latest offer.
5 I was taken out I aback at the way the interviewer spoke to the politician.
6 The government have been looking into the broadcasting industry and have put down I
forward some interesting suggestions.
7 The minister looked very uncomfortable when the interviewer brought off I up what had
been happening in his personal life.
8 I know you're watching this programme, but do you mind if I turn out I over for a second
to catch the end of the football match?
The director ---F/l-'-'u'-'-t+'fo'-'-r-'-'w:...;;a;::_r.-'-'d his ideas for the show but they were impractical
because they would have been too expensive to film.
2 The interviewer was clearly when the celebrity told him that her
private life was none of his business.
3 I saw a new item about a couple of fraudsters who have been old
people all over the country.
4 I wish you would just decide which channel you're going to watch instead of
all the time.
5 When I saw Ryan, I decided not to the recent stories in the
newspaper about him.
6 While I was reading the paper, I an article that mentioned the place
where I work.
7 Channel Eight has just two other channels and plans to completely
change their schedules.
8 There's no point ringing Grandma now because her favourite soap opera
ten minutes ago and she won't answer the phone.
Change the form of the verb in brackets and add any necessary words to complete
the sentences.
1 If you press this button, it chan_,qes (CHANGE) the channel on the TV.
2 You (RUIN) your eyes if you stay up watching TV all night.
3 If people watched less TV, they (DISCOVER) that there are many
more interesting things to do.
4 Matt (WATCH) a lot more TV if his parents didn't limit the amount
of time he can watch.
5 If we (NOT HAVE) a TV, I wouldn't be able to talk to my friends
about the cool shows we've seen.
6 I might watch TV more if they (MAKE) programmes aimed at
people like me.
7 If you (SPEND) all evening watching TV, you could have finished
your homework by now.
8 I don't think TV (INVENT) if radio hadn't been invented first.
9 Life would have been very different when I was a child if we (NOT
HAVE) a TV in our house.
10 If I worked in the media, I (MAKE) sure that children's programmes
were more educational.
however in spite of on the one hand on the other hand whereas while
MORAL PANIC
A moral panic happens when the general public becomes afraid of something because of
reports in the media. The media reports create the impression that a problem is getting
worse, (1) whereas/while statistics often show that the extent of the problem hasn't
changed, or even that the situation is improving.
(2) , the media have a responsibility to report the news. When a
particularly shocking crime takes place, it is understandable that they devote a considerable
amount of time to it. (3) , they also have a responsibility to present
what is happening in society accurately.
This doesn't happen in a moral panic. Public interest in the subject means that the media
cover similar cases, often (4) the fact that they would not normally
report on the incidents. This makes society seem dangerous, (5) much
people's own experience tells them that this type of crime is not particularly common.
(6) people would normally forget about an incident, the media
keep reminding them of it.
1 My view is that children these days _A_ for them too much.
A have their lives organised B have organised their lives
2 Parents should consider on their internet connection.
A having put a parental lock B having a parental lock put
3 We are at the start of next week and I can't wait.
A having installed satellite TV B having satellite TV installed
4 You should your car for you if it keeps breaking down.
A have someone check B have checked by someone
5 I need to my computer for me.
A get someone repair B get someone to repair
6 It's time we stricter controls on the media.
A had the government impose B got the government impose
1 Reporters usually have their woYk edited (edit I their work) before it is published.
2 Many people (influenceI their opinions) by what they read.
3 In my opinion, parents should (do I children) more exercise.
4 My view is that we need to (realise I parents) the harm TV
can do.
5 In most countries the media (impose I certainrules)
on them.
6 All editors should (check I the facts) before publishing
a damaging story.
1 The government has given money to the people who lost their jobs. That
alleviates the problem temporarily, but it doesn't solve the
underlying problem.
2 The government needs to the media over its handling of the case
and not just ignore the problem.
3 The fact that so much of the media is owned by very few people just
the problem of media bias and something should be done about it.
4 It should be clear to anyone who the situation objectively that the
media have done a good job in exposing corruption.
5 The only way we can finally the problem of media harassment of
celebrities is to introduce a new law.
~~~Other vocabulary
Other vocabulary from the Writing section on pages 72 and 73 of the Student's Book
1 It doesn't seem thoughtful /~easonabl~to expect the media not to report stories that
they know the public are interested in.
2 The media's inability to regulate themselves is the real cause I effect of a large number
of complaints.
3 There are various laws that exist to protect the rights of the individual, and
consequently I subsequently the media are careful about the claims they make.
4 The mistakes in the report were caused I due to poor journalism.
5 The number ofTV channels has increased recently as a result I reason of the changes
to the regulations.
6 The need to provide for their families places great commands I demands on people.
1 1941 _F_ A No major media company can buy another major media company.
2 1946 B Stations are allowed to broadcast as many advertisements as they like.
3 1970 c No media company can own a radio and television station in the
same market.
4 1985 D Stations are no longer required to present a balanced view.
5 1987 E There is no limit on the number of radio stations a media company
can own.
6 1996 F No broadcaster is allowed to reach more than 35% of the population.
DIRECT
1 The dt.redoY spends a long time discussing the script with the writer.
2 I'm concerned at the the current government is taking.
3 The connection isn't obvious, but the scandal led to a change in the law.
FORTUNE
1 The media have been very to avoid further rules being imposed on them.
2 , my application to work at the company was turned down.
3 The reporter said that the explosion was the result of an accident.
HARM
1 Do you think television has any effects on children?
2 In my view, TV is entertainment and does not affect children badly at all.
3 The news report said that all the people involved in the crash escaped _
PERSUADE
1 TV advertisers use all their powers of to get you to part with your money.
2 Although the argument seemed t I could see a number of points against it.
3 Due to the of the politician's speech, voters returned his party to power for
another term.
your opinion
2 someone's attention to something
3 sense of something
4 something in mind
5 control of something
6 someone's point
7 a question
--t~
ak~
e - your
'point , but I'm afraid I still don't agree with you.
2 We shouldn't allow a few large businesses to the media.
3 I'd like to to what it says on page 117.
4 Everyone had the opportunity to before the decision was made.
5 One role of the media is to help us a very confusing, fast-changing world.
6 The scandal about the President's ability to show strong leadership.
7 When you are talking about the media, you need to the effect the internet
has had.
0 Find words or phrases in the Reading text which have a similar meaning to those below.
The paragraph is given to help you.
1 I didn't believe I'd passed the exam until I finally had the ce_rl_t,_p_·ca_i-nl_e
my hand.
2 My dad says that too many people in this country rely on government
instead of trying to find a job.
3 If you get lost in the Australian , it can be very dangerous and even
life-threatening.
4 The of Australia are still struggling to achieve equality.
5 The are all the people who are affected by a situation or by a
decision and whose opinions should be taken into account.
6 All of dog are closely related and originally come from wolves.
7 The reporter asked the minister what his party's was
on immigration.
8 The USA consists of 50 and has a population of around 300 million.
9 The programmes produced by the station are of a very high _
10 From a local , very few people in this area will benefit from
the investment.
11 The signals are sent around the world by almost instantly.
12 I'd like to complain about the of the black community in your
recent documentary.
1 I know all the words but I still can't work out the meamnq (NAGMENI) of
J
the sentence.
2 You (MORF) the noun by adding -ion onto the verb.
3 I use my diary to (SEPERXS) how I really feel about the day's events.
4 Could you (YENVOC) my congratulations to the successful applicant?
5 The meeting was only a (LI PARAT) success as not many people turned up.
6 Sports such as boxing are based on a/an (RETINNHE) desire to be violent.
1 How can you learn a language without the aid of a teacher or book?
2 I quickly pulled my hand back the doorknob when I realised it had just
been painted.
3 There's a wide range linguistics courses available.
4 I usually use this dictionary my main source of reference.
5 They produce the sound knocking two animal bones together.
6 Language relies a shared understanding of meaning between speakers.
7 In English, the gerund is sometimes known the -ing form.
8 As I rested my bag the wall, I realised the book wasn't in it.
64 LANGUAGES
LANGUAGES 64
G) n CD, 13 Write a word from below in each gap. You need to use some words more
than once. Then listen and check your answers.
1 Adam speaks
I
French fluently so get him to get the train tickets.
2 I was playing with my friends in the park when my mum me in to
me that my grandfather had been taken to hospital.
3 I Lucy whether she wanted to come but she she couldn't.
4 I'll you on your mobile a bit later on.
5 A child of eight should be able to the time, shouldn't they?
6 If you me, that building's going to fall down soon.
7 No during the exam! If I hear anyone even , there'll
be trouble!
8 It was so windy on the cliff we had to to each other to be heard.
9 How do you 'goodnight' in Japanese?
1O I couldn't what it was at first, but as it got closer I saw it was a rat.
11 Don't out the answers. Just put your hand up and wait for me to
you what the answer is. Then you can me.
12 I was to our neighbours earlier, and apparently they're moving
house soon.
65 LANGUAGES
LANGUAGES 65
Listening
~ Wordbanlc
Vocabularyfrom the Wordbankon page 80 of the Student's Book
1 If you
I
e.01'nt something out, you mention it.
2 If you through a list, you start at the top and work down.
3 If you something out, you use your printer to make a copy of it.
4 If you things together, you combine them.
5 If you something off with something, you begin it in a certain way.
6 If you an idea across, you manage to convey it.
4 Quickly read the article and underline all the names of people. THROUGH
5 You have to communicate the idea to your children that no means no. ACROSS
~H Othervocabulary
Other vocabularyfrom the Listeningsectionon page 80 of the Student's Book
1 I've finished the main part of the essay but I've still got to write the
introduction (INTRODUCE).
2 Please read this (INFORM) sheet carefully before assembling
the product.
3 The (WRITE) transcript of a (SPEAK)
conversation always looks strange because we often don't speak in full sentences.
4 A cube is a three- (DIMENSION) object where all the sides are of
equal length.
5 Tomorrow night, Tony Hill will be giving an interesting (PRESENT)
on the history of ancient Persia.
6 During the ·(DEMONSTRATE), they showed us how to do
mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
66 LANGUAGES
LANGUAGES 66
- Vocabulary boost: gestures
G) (t CD, 14 Write a word from below in each gap. Then listen to a lecture on gestures
and check your answers.
GESTURES
Gestures around the world vary depending on culture. In Britain, a number of gestures are
used regularly.
British people often (1) nod their head to signify confirmation or approval. Basically,
this gesture means 'yes'. When people (2) their head, they are expressing the
opposite: negation or disapproval. Basically, then, this gesture means 'no'. When people in
Britain (3) - that is, they make a small audible click with the tongue - that
is also a sign of disapproval. Another sign of disapproval, often used by parents to small
children, is to (4) your finger. This involves a small sideways movement of the
index finger several times. To (5) is to move the whole hand sideways several
times. This is used for greetings and saying goodbye.
To (6) at someone - that is, to quickly close and then open one eye - usually
indicates that the person doing it recognises a shared secret or shared information between
them and the person they are doing it to. It's often considered a humorous, naughty or
cheeky gesture, and is usually only used informally.
If you (7) your eyes, you rotate both eyes upwards for a short time. This can be
used to express a number of negative emotions including boredom, disbelief, annoyance
and impatience.
1 The theatre got into financial trouble from the word@/ start and closed within a year.
2 What did I think of the film? Well, in I with a word, rubbish.
3 We're all human. In other I more words, we all make mistakes.
4 I didn't believe a/an individual I single word he told me.
5 They told me I was sacked, or words to I with that effect.
6 The politician accused the journalist of putting words into his ear I mouth.
7 Could you put in I over a good word for me when you see the boss tomorrow?
8 Spending the night alone in a dark cemetery would be too I very scary for words.
67 LANGUAGES
LANGUAGES 67
Speaking
If the word or phrase in bold is correct, put a tick on the line. If it is incorrect, rewrite it.
1 Who here they have written the essay? has
2 We did only just sit down when the fire alarm went off.
3 Students are given extra time if they have dyslexia.
4 When had they their oral interview?
S Grigori's been to his English class and won't be back for a couple of hours. _
6 Everyone is loving your accent, don't they?
7 What did Phil say when you told him you'd lied to him?
8 Who told you what time was it?
9 It's the first time I'm hearing of that language.
10 It was the first time I'd ever been abroad on my own.
68 LANGUAGES
LANGUAGES 68
~Wordbank
Vocabulary from the Wordbank on page 81 of the Student'sBook
- Vocabularyboost:metaphorical phrases
G) Choose the correctmeaning for each of the wordsor phrases in italics.
69 LANGUAGES
LANGUAGES 69
Writing
Each of the words or phrases in bold contains a mistake. Rewrite them correctly.
1 It was the first time I ever attempt to write a poem so it wasn't very successful.
I'd ever attempted
•
2 I'm translating this article all morning and I'm not even halfway through.
3 The Nobel Prize for Literature had never won by an Australian before.
4 The novel has been existing as a concept for several hundred years.
5 By the end of the year, more than 50,000 euros will give out to first-time playwrights.
Write each verb in the correct form. Use contractions where possible.
1 How many times have we 6een (we I go) to see that musical so far?
2 (I I sit) here for the past half an hour and I haven't written a
single word.
3 The textbook (fully I revise) to take changes in the exam
into account.
4 By the end of today, (I I write) more than 5,000 words.
5 (there I have) ever been a more ridiculous plot for a story?
6 Is it the first time (you I ever I have to) give a speech in public?
1 I've been learning Mandarin Chinese from /~I was five years old.
2 I've been finding out about the ancient Sumerian language for I since the past month
or so.
3 Have you before I ever wondered what the language of the first humans was like?
4 At that point I hadn't still I yet decided which language to choose.
5 I've never met a Scottish person already I before. Will I understand her accent?
6 I don't feel that I've done enough listening practice already I yet.
7 Have you finished writing the essay already I yet? That was very quick!
8 By I To the end of next week, we'll have been living here for a year.
9 I've done three IELTS practice exams so far I long.
10 Have you really ever I never had English lessons? That's amazing! Your English is
so good!
70 LANGUAGES
LANGUAGES 70
~ Wordbanlc
Vocabulary from the Word bank on page 82 of the Student's Book
• Choose the correct word or words. Be careful! More than one word may be correct.
~H Other vocabulary
Other vocabulary from the Writing section on pages 82 and 83 of the Student's Book
0 Write a sentence or short paragraph using the word in bold so that it means the same
as the first sentence.
98% of the population speak English but only 4.8% speak Maori.
1 (although)AlthouJh 18% ofthepopulatt"onspeak Enjf ish, on{y 4.8% speak MaOYt: /
18% ~(thepopulationspeak EnJ!tsh, althou3h on{y 4.8% ~peak /vtaori.
2 (however) _
3 (contrast) _
4 (hand) _
5 (while) _
6 (whereas) _
A minority of the population knows Maori and a minority knows New Zealand Sign Language.
7 (similarly) _
8 (equally) _
9 (way) ~
10 (likewise) _
71 LANGUAGES
LANGUAGES 71
- Vocabulary boost: topic vocabulary
0 The gaps in each pair of sentences can be filled with the same word. Write the word in
each gap.
1 I initially thought going on a cruise was a bad idea, but Shareen's ---+f_e_rs_u_a_d~e~d
me it's a good way to visit a number of different places.
2 I asked my neighbour to move his car because it was blocking mine but he
72 LANGUAGES
LANGUAGES 72
EXAM PRACTICE
Reading
Vocabularyfrom the Reading text on pages 84 and 85 of the Student's Book
73 LANGUAGES
LANGUAGES 73
8:] HISTORIES
Reading
~Wordbank
Vocabulary from the Word bank on page 89 of the Student's Book
~~~Other vocabulary
Other vocabulary from the Reading section on pages 88 and 89 of the Student's Book
1 It's hard to imagine that everything around us will@ventualli}/ lately disappear and be
replaced by something else.
2 We don't know whether ancient statues really resemble I copy the people they were
based on or whether they present an idealised image of them.
3 According to ancients I historians, the Silk Route was a key connection between the
East and the West.
4 In order to get at the truth behind a historical event, you need to use a range of different
ways I techniques.
5 Some of the portraits found on ancient Egyptian graves have a greatly I distinctly
modern look.
6 There are some really interesting old stone I rock houses in this area.
7 It was a key development in human history when we started to use tools I devices to
cut things and to hunt.
8 I expect early humans used sticks and rocks as simple weapons I attacks when they
were fighting.
9 The Incas of South America had a relevantly I relatively advanced civilization.
10 Wood was no good for cutting because you couldn't give it an edge I ending.
11 Steel is an alloy I a recipe consisting of iron and carbon.
12 Bronze I Silver is made by mixing copper with another metal, tin, and is used in the
medal you get for coming third in the Olympics.
74 HISTORIES HISTORIES 74
74
e Write a word from below in each gap.
Although the book was based on an earlier work, the writer made a number of changes
to the or~qiMa! story.
2 Nobody believes his theories that modern humans first
appeared in Europe.
3 The discovery offire must have had a/an effect on human societies
of the time.
4 There is a/an difference between us and the ancient Greeks.
5 I first became interested in history when I was at school and we learned
about ancient India.
6 This article seems to be a/an attempt to create fear in people's minds.
7 Be careful with that knife! It's really _
8 As you will no doubt remember from the lecture, most experts accept that
modern humans appeared around 200,000 years ago.
9 The development of farming was a/an advance in human history.
ABLE
1 Dr Fernandez has the remarkable aht!t'ty to make everything interesting.
2 Throughout history, people with a physical have faced fear,
misunderstanding and prejudice from other people.
3 He was to give the lecture today for personal reasons.
EDUCATE
1 Don't you think that history should be a part of everyone's ?
2 I believe that have a duty to make sure that what their students learn in
class is factually accurate.
3 Even though this video game is set in fifth century China, I really don't see that it has any
value at all.
EXPERT
1 He was reluctant to give me a firm answer to my question because it wasn't his area
of -----
2 I watched as the archaeologist removed the delicate pot from the ground.
EXPLAIN
1 Many things about the building of the pyramids remain _
2 For some reason, he suddenly changed his mind!
HISTORY
1 Working through the records was the only way to find what I wanted.
2 I'd like to thank you all for being here on this occasion.
75 HISTORIES HISTORIES 75
75
Listening
~ Wordbank
Vocabularyfrom the Word bank on page 90 of the Student's Book
take tfaee
time moment
about ready
recall remind
bound definite
H~ Othervocabulary
Other vocabularyfrom the Listeningsectionon page 90 of the Student's Book
1 My grandmother died -1!/_ old age when she was 103 years old.
2 He actually worked a waiter for a while before he became famous.
3 It was only after she'd gone university that she decided to be a writer.
4 Why do more men than women commit crimes?
5 Sumerian is considered be the most ancient written language we know about.
76 HISTORIES HISTORIES 76
76
6 Experts disagree the age of the stones.
7 The film is based a true story.
8 Bad historians criticise the actions of people in the past; good historians try to
understand them.
- Vocabularyboost:remembering
e Write a verb from below in each gap. If more than one verb is correct,write all
the options.
souvemY : something you buy or get on holiday or at a special event to help you
remember being there
2 : something that helps you remember the past, or remember to
do something
3 : looking back on the past with happiness
4 :something built to remind people of a person or event
5 :the ability to remember
6 :something you keep to remind you of a person or experience
0 0 CD, 15 Listen to six people talking. Match each person with what they are
talking about.
77 HISTORIES HISTORIES 77
77
Speaking
1 What do you do for the summer holidays this year? are you doinq , J
2 You've been practising for hours now and it's time you had a break. _
3 I go out this evening with friends and we're thinking of going to the cinema.
Write the verbs in the correct form in each gap. If there is more than one correct
answer, write all the possible answers.
At the moment at school, we are learm"n3 (LEARN) about the history of Africa
up to the start of the twentieth century.
2 I (WORK) hard all week so I (LOOK) forward
to going away for a couple of days this weekend.
3 The economic situation seems (GET) worse at the moment and
the government isn't doing enough to help ordinary people.
4 My brother (STUDY) history at university in Mexico now, but I
(HOPE) to do medicine.
5 (GO) on holiday next week and I (PLAN) to
visit Rome.
6 At the time I was born, my parents (LIVE) in America temporarily.
7 I (LEARN) English for about six years now, and I _
(HAVE) private lessons for the last two.
8 By the time I fell asleep, I (REVISE) for over five hours.
9 They haven't finished yet, but it looks like a new road (BUILD)
around the town.
10 Before we moved to this city, we (LIVE) abroad for three years.
0 CD, 16 Listen to this IELTS candidate and write a word or short phrase in each gap.
78 HISTORIES HISTORIES 78
78
~ Wordbanlc
Vocabulary from the Wordbank on page 91 of the Student's Book
• Write one word in each gap.
1 History isn't terribly important at school. Let me explain ----'-w'""'"h=a=t 1 mean. It should
be important, but I don't think it's emphasised enough in our educational system.
2 History is a bit of a waste of time because the world has changed so much that we can't
learn anything useful from it. I'd also to add that it's often presented in a
very boring way.
3 People don't think about history enough. What I'm to say is, people learn
about history at school and then completely forget about it when they're older.
4 My country has had a very difficult history and we've had a number of natural disasters.
If I just give you an example. We had a really bad earthquake a few
years ago.
~~~Other vocabulary
Other vocabulary from the Speaking section on page 91 of the Student's Book
1 I've always ~dmired)/ overlooked my father for the way he has worked hard to keep
a family.
2 The Roman Emperor ruled I managed over a vast empire that covered most of Europe.
3 There were complaints I protests outside the United Nations building involving
thousands of people.
4 If the leaders had acted differently, then perhaps war could have been
escaped I avoided.
- Vocabularyboost:phrases
0 Write a word from below in the correct form in each gap. You need to use some words
more than once.
1 The night before I'm about to take an exam, I always get very nervous.
2 The first time I got a low mark and an exam was a very
depressing experience.
3 History was never a strong subject of mine, but I finally the exam at the
second attempt.
4 I believe that you should advantage of all the opportunities that life offers.
5 Each of us has a responsibility to an example for the next generation.
6 It a long time to really gain an understanding of history.
7 Getting away from your books and getting some fresh air might you good.
8 I know he lost your book, but I'm sure he didn't it on purpose.
79 HISTORIES HISTORIES 79
79
Writing
~ Grammarbanlc:Making complexsentences
Grammar Reference, Section 13, page 107 of the Student'sBook
80 HISTORIES HISTORIES 80
80
• Write one word in each gap.
Archimedes, (1) who was born in Syracuse in about 287 BC, is considered to be one
of the greatest scientists and mathematicians (2) all time.
Archimedes invented numerous mechanical machines, including the screw pump,
(3) is named after him as the Archimedes Screw. One of the most famous
stories about Archimedes concerns his discovery, (4) in the bath, of how to
measure the volume and density of an irregular-shaped object. On (S) his
discovery, Archimedes is believed to have shouted 'Eureka]; (6) is Greek for
'I've found it!'. (7) to put on his clothes because of his excitement, he then ran
naked down the street. Archimedes died in approximately 212 BC (8) the Siege
of Syracuse, (9) he was killed by one of the Roman soldiers who had just
invaded the town and to (10) Archimedes had been disrespectful.
~Wordbank
Vocabularyfrom the Wordbank on page 92 of the Student'sBook
doubt Thomas
----
evidence
self- _
\.
~~~ Othervocabulary
Other vocabularyfrom the Writing sectionon pages 92 and 93 of the Student's Book
1 Contrary !{fontrary tc?)/ Against popular belief, slaves were not used to build the
Pyramids of Egypt.
2 There is some evidence to suggest this. AlthoughI However I Nevertheless, none of it
is conclusive.
3 While I AlthoughI However the quote 'Let them eat cake' is often attributed to Marie
Antoinette, there is no evidence at all that she actually said it.
4 This is, in my opinion I in my view I accordingto me, the most likely explanation.
5 In scientists'view I In the opinionof scientists I According to scientsits, this is the most
likely explanation.
6 One view that has been put ahead I forward I up by some academics is that the king
actually escaped in disguise.
81 HISTORIES HISTORIES 81
81
- Vocabulary boost: irregular verbs
become lead
begin leave
break lose
bring make
build put
buy read
catch say
choose see
come sell
cost send
deal set
do show
drive speak
eat spend
fight spread
find stand
forget steal
get take
give teach
go tell
have think
hear understand
hold win
keep write
82 HISTORIES HISTORIES 82
82
EXAM PRACTICE
Reading
Vocabulary from the Reading text on pages 94 and 95 of the Student's Book
C) Find words or phrases in the Reading text which have a similar meaning to those below.
1 Many scientists during World War II were unhappy about the m_t_!t_ta.. . ,ry,.u..s_e of
their research.
2 No country can hold a place in the world forever. Another powerful country
eventually appears to take its place.
3 Although I didn't get everything I wanted out of the meeting, I still considered it
a victory.
4 Electric cars are much more efficient than -------- cars.
5 Today's engines are very compared to the old, simple versions.
6 The man on the ground made a motion with his arms to tell the pilot
to start his engines.
7 The capital city is in the south of the country, on one of the
major rivers.
8 The design of the automobile was gradually over many years.
83 HISTORIES HISTORIES 83
83
REVIEW UNITS 5-8
0 Choose the correctanswer.
S I thought what you said about the war was in very bad _
A style B manners C sense D taste
6 Luck a large role in our victory.
A did B became C produced D played
FORENSIC SCIENCE
Forensic science is an important part of the modern-day war against crime. It often involves
the careful collection of (1) (EVIDENT) from the scene of a crime. If forensic
scientists are (2) (FORTUNE), they may find enough clues to be able to form a
good (3) (EXPLAIN) of what took place.
The forensic scientist interprets the clues, based on their (4) (EXPERT) in a
number of different areas. It takes real (S) (SCIENCE) skill to bring all the clues
together. They need to be (6) (KNOW) about things as diverse as the marks
a gun leaves on a bullet and the (7) (HARM) effects of various chemicals. It
involves separating the (8) (SIGNIFY) details from irrelevant ones. A forensic
scientist also needs to have the (9) (ABLE) to bring everything together into a
clear (1 O) (ARGUE) that can then be used in court.
10marks
G Rewriteeach sentence, starting with the wordsgiven.
1 Losing his job had a effect on him and it took him a long time to get over it.
2 Do you think alternative medicine can work in cases where medicine
has failed?
3 The operation was only a success and he may need to have another one.
4 Make sure you look before you go into the interview.
5 It seemed like an accident at first, but now I think it was _
6 That point of view seems very until you look at the actual facts.
7 Taking tough decisions is to being a good politician.
8 Scientists have to take very measurements during experiments.
&marks
Total score: I 50
KEV
6 Lee's been worrying
Unit 1 THE ARTS 7 Have you ever been
8 I've been trying
Reading Pages 2-3
Exe
Ex A
2 since 3 just 4 still S ever 6 before
2 released 3 bring
7 already 8 for
ExB
ExD
2 style 3 abstract 4 highlights/highlighted
2 TRUE 3 FALSE 4 FALSE S TRUE
S animation
Ex E
Exe 2 for 3 on 4 for S over
213G 4F SH 6C 7J SA 98 lOD
Ex F
ExD 2 many 3 a few 4 many Sa few 6 lots
2 specific 3 identifiable 4 animated
ExG
S traditionally 6 originates/originated
2 but 3 because 4 such
Ex E
ExH
2 writer 3 singer 4 musician S actor/actress
2 in having 3 to draw 4 of learning S to sell
6 painter 7 dancer 8 poet 9 creator
6 in getting 7 to go 8 at remembering
10 inventor
Ex F Writing Pages 8-1 O
2 spectator 3 listener 4 eyewitness
Ex A
S onlooker 6 audience
From the data which has presented in this
ExG table, it can see that the cinema is
2 documentary 3 play 4 performer S novel becoming less popular with young people
6 instrument aged 14-18. Although the cinema was
Ex H mention as a leisure activity by 68% of
2 on 3 up 4 out S up 6 out 14-18-year-olds ten years ago, today
the figure is only 59%. In contrast, 70% of
Listening Pages 4-S 19-23-year-olds who questioned said that
Ex A they go to the cinema at least twice a
2A 3A 4C SC month. In the next age group (24-37-year•
olds), the cinema was been chosen by 65%
ExB
of those asked.
2 colourless 3 colourfully 4 confusion
S/6 confused/confusing 7 confusingly 2 can be seen
8/9 critic/criticism 10/11 critical/uncritical 3 was mentioned
12 critically 13 dramatist 14 dramatic 4 who were questioned
1Sdramatically16/17 emotional/ S was chosen
unemotional 18/19 emotionally/ ExB
unemotionally 20 forgetful 2 Over 1,000 people were asked for
Exe their opinions.
3 The study was designed to discover
2 millennium 3 decade 4 quarter S century attitudes towards forms of entertainment.
6 season 4 Concerts were described as 'very
ExD enjoyable' by almost half of the
2 personalise 3 sympathise 4 advertise people surveyed.
S familiarise 6 fantasised 7 economising S This problem can be solved by
8 modernising encouraging more art education.
Ex E Exe
2 performance 3 conceptual 4 pop 2 is considered
3 were asked
Speaking Pages 6-7 4 were/had been shocked
Ex A S is/was/has been described
2 I don't often get 3 We're rehearsing 4 Are 6 is/was preferred
you studying S does have 6 Do you know 7 be organised
8 be attracted
Ex B
9 were interviewed
2 Have you already heard
10 be interested
3 The book has sold
4 I've ever seen ExD
2A 384A SA68
Unit 2 SOCIETIES
87 KEY KEY 87
2 of 3 of 4 for S with 6 for 7 of 8 to
ExK
2 TRUE 3 FALSE
Unit 3 FUTURES
88 KEY KEY 88
S invasion 6 admission (NB: 'admittance' ExB Ex I
also exists) 7 persuasion 8 exclusion 2 Taken/Having been taken 3 entering Noun Adjective
9 division 10 provision 4 given off S checking/having checked
size sizeable
Ex E 6 regulating 7 being placed 8 Having been
washed 9 Having made space spacious
2 .I 3 divisible 4 permissible S .I
6 accessible 7 sensible 8 .19 possible 1 o .I Exe spot spotless
11 horrible 12 responsible 13 .114 flexible 2 After connecting the cables, an operator substance substantial
1 S .I turns on the equipment.
extend extensive
Ex F 3 Wearing a mask, a skilled technician
spray-paints the wood. signify significant
2 (from) taking off 3 to become 4 of not
knowing/having known S to seeing 6 to 4 Looking at the map, we/I/etc., saw/ consider considerable
leave 7 seeing/having seen 8 of spending noticed/etc., (that) the town was six
9 (from) having kilometres away. Exam Practice Page 31
S Having been assembled, the furniture
Ex A
was/is put into position.
SpeakingPages 26-27 2 foreseeing 3 predict 4 forecast S sensing
ExD
Ex A ExB
2 as 3 of 4 like S of 6 into 7 of 8 in
3 will live/will be living/are going to live/ 2 medium 3 perception 4 deja vu
are going to be living Ex E S Clairvoyance 6 gut 7 Instinct
4 .I 2 The process consists of a number 8 premonition 9 hunch 10 paradox
S I'm going to work/I'll work/I'm working of stages.
Exe
I'm going to be working/I'll be working 3 The box is the same height as a human.
2 paranormal 3 psychic 4 mundane
6 .I 4 The machine is larger than a car engine.
S compelling 6 bizarre 7 random
7 We're not going (to go)/We aren't going S The skyscraper is shaped like an
8 consistent 9 obsolete 1 O poor
(to go)/We won't be going enormous cigar.fThe skyscraper is/has the
shape of an enormous cigar.
2
ExI get/I've
B got 3 lands/has landed 4 you Unit 4 ENVIRONMENTS
67 The wings
area is are triangular
divided in shape.
into four sections.
do/you're doing Reading Pages 32-33
8 All the furniture is made of wood.
Exe 9 The control panel is the size of/same size Ex A
2 be 3 won't have 4 be living/working/etc. as a small laptop. 2 speed 3 low 4 recycled S affordable
ExD 10 The interior is more colourful than 6 Waste 7 environmentally 8 carbon
2 .I 3 will still be using 4 .IS .I the exterior. ExB
6 it happens Ex F 2 essential 3 rural 4 cost-effective S reliable
Ex E 2F 3A 4E SB 6G 7C 6 urban 7 efficient 8 suburban
2 It's highly/very unlikely (that) it'll snow/to ExG Exe
snow tomorrow. 2 After 3 Shortly 4 stage S where 2 was fined 3 are adhered 4 is/was aimed
3 It's impossible to know for sure, but Shave been drawn up 6 aspire/aim
ExH
maybe there is life after death! 7 assume(d) 8 is anticipated/assumed
4 Perhaps our grandchildren will be able to Adjective Noun Verb
ExD
travel round the Solar System. elongate 2 out 3 down 4 away S out 6 off 7 up
S Do you think UFOs may be secret long length
lengthen ExE
military planes?
short shortness shorten 2 extinction 3 destruction
6 it's/There's a possibility/One possibility is
high height heighten 4 neighbourhood S lightning
(that) what you saw was a satellite.
6 surroundings 7 Industrial 8 harmless
7 She's highly/very unlikely to fail the low lowness lower
9 residential 10 explanation
exam. It's highly/very unlikely (that) she'll deep depth deepen
fail the exam.
wide width widen ListeningPages 34-3S
Ex F
narrow narrowness narrow Ex A
2 of winning 3 they're going to offer 4 the
large largeness enlarge 2 continental 3 lush 4 massive S monsoon
S a 6 by 7 chances are 8 of
6 inhospitable
ExG
Ex B
2 in 3 wish 4 believe S out 6 With
2 skyscraper 3 nickname 4 dune
S highlands 6 vegetation 7 per 8 northern
Writing Pages 28-30
Exe
Ex A
2 lOcm
2 produced 3 having examined 4 Having
3 4.5/4V2 m
S Given 6 driving 7 Having seen 8 being
4 7 m2
stirred 9 Having been transferred
s 21 g
6 2 kg
89 KEY KEY 89
710t 4 few - Not a lot of ExH
8 2.25/21.41 S little - They gave me some Verb Noun
9 50 kph/km/h/kmph 6 Few - Not many
acknowledge acknowledgement
10 18 °(
Ex E
ExD 2 than 3 didn't 4 prefer S rather 6 Would Positive: agreement
agree
2 100 Negative:disagreement
Ex F
3 1,000 3few-Some 2 Would, rather 3 Would, didn't/did 4 not
41,000 5 Do 6 rather, had
S m2
ExG
6m3
2 to bed 3 to work 4 for a swim 5 abroad
7 0 °(
6 camping 7 sightseeing 8 on a tour 9 by
8 100 °(
train/bus 10 on foot
Ex E
2inches Writing Pages 38-40
3/4 feet/yards
Ex A
S/6 pounds/stones
2 must 3 can't ... must 4 has 5 could 6 Do
7/8 pints/gallons
you need 7 couldn't
9 tonnes
10 Fahrenheit ExB
2 have bought 3 have been 4 have been
Ex F
built 5 happen 6 have happened
212
7 to have ... look 8 have been arrested
33
4 91.44 Exe
s 1,760 2 We must have made a mistake.
6 1,609.344 3 The council ought to renovate the
old mill.
4 You shouldn't have bought a car that
Speaking Pages 36-37
uses so much petrol.
Ex A 5 If you have a solar-powered water heater,
Always Always singular you don't need to use electricity to heat
countable uncountable the water.
book luggage ExD
fact advice 2 Having ... that 3 In/By 4 the ... hand
job furniture 5 Even 6 if 7 Despite 8 Although/Though/
programme housework While
sheep information Ex E
suitcase knowledge Phrase as used in writing section given
money first, other possibilities in brackets
news 2F 3A(D) 4B SG(D) 6E 7D(C/F) BC(F)
Ex F
Always plural Both countable
1 b taken
uncountable and uncountable
2 a happens b place
depending on
meaning 3 a result b reason
4 a same b Similarly/Likewise
clothes time S a Nonetheless b Nevertheless
groceries chocolate ExG
jeans glass 2 approve, telling 3 permitted 4 deny
scissors hair S confessed 6 recognise 7 question
trousers paper
8 challenge 9 comprehend 10 trust, accept
work
ExB
2 Are 3 is 4 many
Exe
2 - 3 the 4 - S the 6 a 7 the 8 the 9 The
10 - 11 the 12 - 13 a 14 - 1 San
16-17 the 18 the/-19The 20-
Ex D
2 little - They didn't give me a lot of
90 KEY KEY 90
Positive: 7 have been easy for you to organise
approval approve
Negative: disapproval the event on your own.
challenge challenge
Positi
ve:
comprehension
comprehend
Negati
ve:
incomprehens
ion confess
confession
deny denial
dispute dispute
permit
permission recognise
recognition
Positive: trust
trust Negative: distrust/
mistr
ust
91 KEY KEY 91
8 have taken the wrong turning back there. 7 object to 8 believe in 9 benefit from 4 Dr Carlisle, who was an expert in
D 1 O rely on 11 comment on 12 approve of genetics, has died./Dr Carlisle, who has
1 out 2 down 3 on 4 on Sin 6 up 7 up died, was an expert in genetics.
8 out Speaking Pages 48-49 S Hydrogen, which explodes easily, used to
be used in airships./Hydrogen, which used
E Ex A
to be used in airships, explodes easily.
1 of2 of3 to4 in Son 6 to 7 on 8with + -ing +full infinitive 6 I found an article which/that was all
F admit afford about working in science.
1 fortnight 2 funds 3 opponent consider choose ExD
4 nickname S famine 6 audience 7 valley deny fail 2 noticeable 3 central 4 prominent
8 objection enjoy hope S striking 6 essential
like intend
Unit S SCIENCES Ex E
mind like
2A 3048 SC
risk manage
Reading Pages 44-4S suggest offer Ex F
Ex A plan 2C 38 4C S86A
2 nuclear 3 originated 4 elements refuse ExG
S calculated 6 orbits tend PHYSICS 2 physically 3 physical
ExB wish CHEMISTRY 1 chemist 2 chemically
2 supernova 3 Solar System 4 exoplanet 3 chemicals BIOLOGY 1 biological
S position 6 brightness 7 mass 8 carbon + object + full +object+ bare 2 biologists 3 biologically SCIENCE
infinitive infinitive 1 unscientific 2 scientific 3 scientifically
9 hydrogen 1 O iron 11 helium
ExC allow ExH
let
2 expands 3 convert 4 demoted cause 2H 3A 48 SF 6C 7G 80
make
ExD encourage Ex I
suggest
2 application 3 calculation 4 conversion tell 2 archaeology 3 anthropology 4 anatomy
S destruction 6 erosion 7 expansion S psychology 6 meteorology
ExB
8 expectation 9 observation 1 O production 2 to pursue 3 to follow 4 to satisfy
11 recognition 12 solution Exam Practice Page S3
S applying 6 to succeed 7 to relax 8 to
Ex E become/becoming 9 working 10 to do Ex A
2 accusation 3 recognition 4 erosion 11 to commit 12 to stick 2A 3 E 4 8 S G 6 D 7 F 8 C
S expectation 6 destruction 7 application ExC ExB
8 solution 2 to check 3 asking 4 meeting S saying 2 census 3 coordinator 4 winch S vessels
Ex F 6 quitting 7 to send 8 to ring 6 contraption 7 barrels 8 database 9 sensor
2J 3G 4F SA 6H 78 80 9E 101 1 O fleet
ExD
2 well 3 worth 4 like S addition 6 further Ex C
Listening Pages 46-47 Ex E
Ex A 2 pay 3 have 4 take S give 6 make 7 make
2 estimate 3 device 4 boot S elementary 8 play (have/take a role in a play in
ExB the theatre)
2 magnet 3 ball bearing 4 Tissue paper Ex F
S needle 6 compass 2 made up your mind about 3 have an
ExC effect on 4 take, for granted S gave, the
2 tissue paper 3 bowl 4 compass S ball impression 6 made a mistake 7 take
bearings 6 magnet control of 8 play a role
ExD
Writing Pages SO-S2
2 on 3 down 4 out S up 6 out
Ex A
Ex E
2 why/that 3 which 4 wheres which/that
2 carry out 3 broke down 4 came up with
6 whose 7 when/that 8 where
S switched on 6 find out
ExB
Ex F
2 it 3 ./ 4 hes they 6 she
2 in 3 of 4 of S from 6 on
ExC
ExG
2 Iron, whose chemical symbol is Fe,
2 on 3 on 4 to S on 6 for
conducts electricity./lron, which conducts
ExH electricity, has the chemical symbol Fe.
2 was responsible for 3 depends on 3 I saw a documentary which/that
4 apologised for S proud of 6 convince, of explained how magnets work.
92 KEY KEY 92
2 plunges 3 cruise 4 shallow S confined
6 shattered
SS
Ex A
2 merged 3 harassment 4 candids update
6 bulletin/update
ExB
28 3A 4A SC 68 7C 88 9C 10A 11C 128
ExC
2A 3E 48 SF 6C 70 SH
ExD
2 press releases 3 headline 4 feature
S comment 6 tabloids 7 editorial 8 scandal
Ex E
1 journalist
2 photographer
3 presenter
4 correspondent
S editor
6 publisher
93 KEY KEY 93
Listening Pages S6-S7 3 have their children do/get their children Exe
Ex A to do
Place Language
2 commissioned 3 issues 4 rehearsals 4 have parents realise/get parents to
realise China Chinese
S genre 6 personnel
Shave/get certain rules imposed England English
ExB
6 have/get the facts checked/have France French
2 commissioning editor 3 director 4 actor
someone check the facts/get someone to
S producer Germany German
check the facts
Exe Greece Greek
Exe
2 sitcom 3 soap opera 4 talk show Italy Italian
2 have/get all our commercials made
S cartoon 6 documentary 7 drama series
3 has/gets most of its programmes made Japan Japanese
8 game show
4 have/get a newspaper delivered Korea Korean
ExD S have/get every story checked/have
2 across 3 in 4 over S aback 6 forward 7 up Poland Polish
someone check every story/get someone
8 over to check every story Portugal Portuguese
Ex E 6 had someone take/got someone to take Russia Russian
2 taken aback 3 taking, in 4 turning over ExD Spain Spanish
S bring up 6 came across 7 taken over 2 confront 3 compounds 4 analyses
8 came on Sweden Swedish
S resolve
Thailand Thai
Ex E
Speaking Pages S8-S9 Turkey
2 cause 3 consequently 4 due S result Turkish
Ex A 6 demands Vietnam Vietnamese
2 will ruin 3 would/might/could discover
Ex F
4 would/might/could watch S didn't have ExD
2A2 3C4B SD 6E
have/get their opinions
6 made 7 hadn't spent 8 would have been influenced
invented 9 hadn't had 1 O would make ExG
ExB DIRECT 2 direction 3 indirectly FORTUNE
2 own a TV in the UK, you have to buy a 1 fortunate 2 Unfortunately 3 unfortunate
TV licence. HARM 1 harmful 2 harmless 3 unharmed
3 read about the fire in the paper, I PERSUADE 1 persuasion 2 persuasive
wouldn't have known about it./read about 3 persuasiveness
it in the paper, I wouldn't have known ExH
a bout the fire. 2 draw 3 make 4 bear Stake 6 take 7 raise
4 children have a TV in their bedroom, they Ex I
might watch programmes for adults.
2 take control of 3 draw your attention
S Alice had known Johnny Depp was on
4 give their/an opinion S make sense of
the news, she would have watched it.
6 raised/raises a/the question 7 bear in
6 hadn't reported the story, the missing girl mind
wouldn't have been found.
7 wouldn't have become public if the press Exam Practice Page 63
hadn't got hold of the email.
8 the tabloids didn't make stories up, Ex A
people would trust them. 2 latter 3 mainstream 4 fringe S legendary
6 articulate 7 unique 8 rapid
Exe
2 On the one hand 3 On the other hand/ ExB
However 4 in spite of S however 6 While/ 2 handouts 3 outback 4 aborigines
Whereas S stakeholders 6 breeds 7 policy 8 states
9 standard 1 O perspective
ExD
11 satellite 12 portrayal
2 of 3 from 4 for S with 6 on 7 as 8 about
Exe
Ex E
2A 3E4B SD
2 describe ... as 3 confusing ... with 4 heard
about ... from S banned from 6 forgive ...
Unit 7 LANGUAGES
for 7 congratulated ... on 8 suffering from
Reading Pages 64-6S
Writing Pages 60-62
Ex A
Ex A
2 form 3 express 4 convey S partial
2B 3B 4A SB 6A
6 inherent
ExB
ExB
94 KEY KEY 94
2 from 3 of 4 as S by 6 on 7 as 8 against 2/3/4/S Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati, Punjabi,
Urdu (in any order) 6 Urdu 7 English
8 Punjabi 9 Dutch 10 Dutch 11 Flemish
Ex E
2 called ... tell 3 asked ... said 4 call Stell
6 ask 7 talking/speaking ... whisper/
whispering 8 shout 9 say 1 O tell/say
11 shout ... ask I tell 12 talking/speaking
95 KEY KEY 95
Stoo Zealand Sign Language.
9 A minority of the population knows
Ex F Maori. In the same/a similar way, a minority
2 gave 3 take 4 say S failed knows New Zealand Sign Language.
10 A minority of the population knows
Maori. Likewise, a minority knows New
Speaking Pages 6S-69
Zealand Sign Language.
Ex A
Ex F
2B 3A 4B SC 6B 7A SB 9B lOC
2 saying 3 speaker 4 swear S expression
ExB 6 sentence 7 lie
2 had only just sat down 3 ./ 4 did/do they
ExG
have S gone 6 loves 7 ./ S it was 9 I've
2 refused 3 regret 4 suspect S confessed
heard 10 ./
6 deny 7 apologise S accept 9 admit/
Exe accept 10 doubt/deny
2 a long story short 3 nutshell 4 is (that)
ExD Exam Practice Page 73
2A 3A 4B SB 6A 7B SB 9B lOA Ex A
2 distinguish 3 engage 4 manipulate
Writing Pages 70-72 S hypothesise 6 utter 7 correlates
Ex A S accelerates 9 omit 10 insert
2 I've been translating ExB
3 never been won 2 variation 3 milestone 4 discomfort
4 has existed S by-product 6 interaction 7 isolation
Swill have been given out S articulation 9 jaws 1 O spurt
6 had you been waiting Exe
7 will have finished
babbling cooing body
ExB
actions coughing growling which
2 I've been sitting
always grunting murmuring involve
3 has/had been fully/was fully revised
noise sighing snorting
4 I'll have written
squealing yelling
S Has/Had there
6 you've ever had to body actions
Exe which
sucking swallowing
sometimes
2 for 3 ever 4 yet S before 6 yet 7 already
involve noise
S By 9 far 10 never
ExD body actions
2 considerably 3 mainly/largely 4 which don't gesturing
pa rticu la rly I strikingly I noticeably involve noise
S largely 6 noticeably/considerably
Ex E Unit 8 HISTORIES
2 98% of the population speak English.
However, only 4.8% speak Maori. Reading Pages 74-7S
3 98% of the population speak English. In Ex A
contrast, only 4.8% speak Maori. \
2 eyewitnesses 3 precise 4 extensive
4 98% of the population speak English. On
S legend 6 shift
the other hand, only 4.8% speak Maori.
S While 98% of the population speak ExB
English, only 4.8% speak Maori./98% of the 2 resemble 3 historians 4 techniques
population speak English, while only 4.8% S distinctly 6 stone 7 tools S weapons
speak Maori. 9 relatively 10 edge 11 an alloy 12 Bronze
6 Whereas 98% of the population speak Exe
English, only 4.8% speak Maori./98% of the 2 fanciful 3 profound/enormous 4 vast/
population speak English, whereas only enormous/profound S junior 6 deliberate
4.8% speak Maori. 7 sharp S previous 9 enormous
7 A minority of the population knows ExD
Maori. Similarly, a minority knows New ABLE 2 disability 3 unable EDUCATE
Zealand Sign Language. 1 education 2 educators 3 educational
SA minority of the population knows EXPERT1 expertise 2 expertly EXPLAIN
Maori. Equally, a minority knows New 1 unexplained 2 inexplicable HISTORY
96 KEY KEY 96
1 historical 2 historic Hadrian's Wall would never have
Listening Pages 76-77
been built.
Ex A
ExB
2 takes/took 3 time 4 moment S about
2 were children allowed
6 ready 7 reminds S recall 9 bound
10 definite 11 led 12 were made
ExB
2 as 3 to 4 - S to 6 about/on 7 on
S - Exe
2 memorise/learn 3 commemorate 4
keep
S reminisce 6 jog 7 bring S recall/recollect
9 remind 10 recall/recollect
ExD
2 reminder 3 nostalgia 4 memorial
S memory 6 memento
Ex E
2A 3F 4B SC6E
97 KEY KEY 97
3 had the war ended 5 sophisticated 6 circular 7 located
come came come
4 did they have/were they able 8 refined
cost cost cost
5 had he become Exe
6 did a human walk deal dealt dealt 2 chill 3 condensed 4 suck 5 set
7 has there been do did done 6 converting 7 up 8 adapt
8 had/have they seen
drive drove driven
ExC Review Units 5-8 Pages 84-85
eat ate eaten
1 ever A
2 much ... that fight fought fought
1B2A3D4B5D6D7C8A
3 such find found found
B
4 even forget forgot forgotten 1 evidence 2 fortunate 3 explanation
5 more
got 4 expertise 5 scientific 6 knowledgeable
ExD get got 7 harmful 8 significant 9 ability
(gotten)
2 of3 which/that 4 while/when/made 10 argument
5 making 6 which 7 Forgetting/Failing give gave given
8 during/in/after 9 where/when 10 whom went gone/been
c
go
1 had I seen such a shocking sight!
ExE have had had 2 Robert to speak to Alan (for me).
Noun Verb Adjective hear heard heard 3 had gone to Moscow, we would have
held seen the festival.
hold held
belief 4 he spoke did I realise he was French.
believe believable kept kept
disbelief keep 5 me to apply to university.
disbelieve unbelievable
believer know knew known 6 they to agree, we could sign the
lead led led contract tomorrow.
doubt doubtful
doubt 7 watched the news, they would know
doubter leave left
what's I what was going on.
evident left lose lost 8 are having our new sofa delivered
evidence -
self-evident lost on Tuesday.
make made made
put put put 2 dominant 3 partial 4 conventional
Adverb Phrases
look/stare/etc. in read read read
disbelief say said said
unbelievably
contrary to
see saw seen
popular belief
sell sold sold
doubtless
doubting Thomas send sent sent
undoubtedly
set set set
evidently -
show showed shown
ExF speak spoke spoken
2 However/Nevertheless spend spent spent
3 While/Although
stand stood stood
4 in my opinion/in my view
5 In the opinion of scientists/According steal stole stolen
to scientists take took taken
6 forward teach taught taught
ExG tell told told
Bare Past Past think thought thought
infinitive simple participle
understand understood understood
be was/were been
win won won
become became become
write wrote written
begin began begun
break broke broken Exam Practice Page 83
bring brought brought Ex A
build built built 2 pump 3 mines 4 surface 5 pipe 6 vacuum
7 pause 8 fuel 9 hammers 10 vehicles
buy bought bought
ExB
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
98 KEY KEY 98
D
1 down 2 across 3 forward 4 on 5 up 6 up
7 over 8 up
E
1 to think 2 hadn't gone 3 have been
coming 4 be getting 5 waiting 6 to
be
7 did anyone ask 8 go
F
1 profound 2 conventional 3 partial
4 presentable 5 deliberate 6 persuasive
7 essential 8 precise
99 KEY KEY 99
AUDIOSCRIPT
l:fi:Q•Q (Listening Exercise E) Speaker 5: They were talking on the news about the new smoking
law, and everyone seemed to welcome it. Well, as far as I'm
Young woman: I've always been interested in art, even from a
very young age. We didn't have a gallery in my town, but I used concerned, it's an attack on personal freedom.
to go to the library and borrow all the books on fine art. I loved Narrator: Speaker 6
the beautiful paintings and sculptures and could look at them Speaker 6: There's a new law coming in, and it'll make it illegal to
for hours! As I got older, I began to travel around to see different smoke in public places. In my opinion, it's a shame they've waited
kinds of art. I remember the first time I saw somebody doing so long before introducing it, even if some people object to it.
performance art. It was a woman who covered herself in paint and
then danced around as she read poetry! It was a bit strange, but I
thought it was quite interesting.
l:f1:13'Q (Writing Exercise K)
Woman: It was unbelievable, really. I was coming home from
Later on, I became interested in conceptual art. The best
work one day the usual way in the car, and as I drove through the
conceptual art presents a really strong idea that makes you see
town centre, I saw that there were quite a few police cars outside
the world in a different way and maybe even shocks you. I saw one
a bank. I wondered what was going on. Well, I drove on and just as
piece that was just a pile of rubbish. You wouldn't normally think
I was pulling into my street, I noticed that there were more police
it was art, but it actually said a lot about the way we damage
cars there. It seemed strange, but I thought maybe they'd found
the environment.
evidence of a crime somewhere and they were investigating it.
I think my favourite kind of art, though, is pop art. I love the kind
Well, when I got out of my car, the police came over and said they
of images you see in comics or in adverts, and some artists can do
suspected me of being involved in a crime! I laughed and thought
really clever things with them.
they were joking, but they arrested me for robbing the bank! They
94 AUDIOSCRIPT
between them. The other system we're going to look at now is the @:fi:l31j(,j (Writing Exercise I)
imperial system. Narrator: Speaker 1
So, in the metric system the standard unit of length or distance Speaker 1: This range of mountains was formed when two large
measurement is the metre. In the imperial system, we measure plates of the Earth's crust collided with each other, forcing a large
in inches, feet, yards and miles. An inch is 2.54 centimetres. There amount of material up.
are twelve inches in a foot, and three feet in a yard. A yard is just Narrator: Speaker 2
a little bit shorter than a metre. It's actually 91.44 centimetres. In Speaker 2: It's clear from these bits of pottery that the ancient
terms of miles, there are 1,760 yards in a mile. A mile, by the way, Romans had very well-established trade routes with a number of
is considerably longer than a kilometre. It's just over 1,600 metres: different peoples.
1,609.344 metres, to be precise. Narrator: Speaker 3
In terms of weight, things get rather more complicated because Speaker 3: Of course, there are almost no tribes that have literally
the imperial gallon is different to the gallon used in the United had no contact with the outside world, but there are some where
States, so I think it's better [fade out] if we don't go into detail on that has been kept to a minimum.
that now ... Narrator: Speaker 4
Speaker 1: The heart pumps the blood into the aorta, and from
i:fi:IS.O (Speaking Exercise G) there it travels to tissues, bringing oxygen and taking away the
waste products.
Narrator: one
Voice: I think I'd better go home now. Narrator: Speaker 5
Narrator: two Speaker 5: We may feel as if we are in control of our thoughts, but
Voice: I'm tired. I think I'm going to go to bed, if you don't mind. it seems that this may be an illusion and there is a lot going on that
Narrator: three we are not aware of.
Voice: Right. I've got to go to work now. I'll see you this evening. Narrator: Speaker 6
Narrator: four Speaker 6: These clouds form at an altitude of 10,000 feet, where a
Voice: Do you fancy going for a swim this afternoon? region of warm air is forced upwards by a region of colder air.
@:fi:i3•Q
show in production, I tend not to get too involved and just leave
(Listening Exercise D) the people I've chosen to get on with it. Of course, at the end of
Youngwoman: I got a new computer a week ago. I got it home the day, I need to approve everything.
and couldn't wait to use it because it was much better than my old Narrator: Speaker 3
computer. I took it out of the box and plugged everything in. Then Speaker 3: I'm the one who decides exactly what we're going to
I switched it on. It worked fine for a couple of hours, and then it shoot on the day. It involves choosing the right camera angles, as
just broke down while I was surfing the internet. It completely died well as working with the actors to make sure they're comfortable
and I had no idea what was wrong with it. I tried everything to find with what they're doing. It's the decisions I make that really bring
out what the problem was, but it just wouldn't work. Eventually, the script to life.
I came up with the idea of using my old computer to connect Narrator: Speaker 4
to the internet to see if I could find some advice. I searched and Speaker 4: There's a lot of waiting between shots while
searched and finally I found a website with comments from people everyone gets things ready, followed by a few minutes of intense
who had had the same problem with that model of computer. It concentration. When I'm performing, I try to forget that all the
said that there was a problem with the processor and that I had to equipment is there and focus on what I'm trying to communicate.
take it to a computer shop so they could carry out repairs. It was I hate making mistakes with lines because I know that it means
so annoying! I finally got it back today. Let's hope it doesn't break everyone has to start again.
down again! Narrator: Speaker 5
Speaker 5: A large part of my job is making sure that we don't go
over budget. I have to approve all spending. I'm also responsible
for making sure that we keep to the schedule. Even just a few days
over can cost the company a lot of money.
AUDIOSCRIPT 95
@:f1:13'ifj (Writing Exercise F) disapproval. Basically, then, this gesture means 'no'. When people
Lecturer: I'd like now to look at the ways in which regulation of in Britain tut - that is, they make a small audible click with the
the media developed in the United States of America from the '40s tongue - that is also a sign of disapproval.
onwards. The first changes were brought about as a result of a rule Another sign of disapproval, often used by parents to small
which placed a limit on the ownership of radio and TV stations. children, is to wag your finger. This involves a small sideways
The rule prevented anybody from owning stations which could movement of the index finger several times. To wave is to move
be received by more than 35% of the people living in the country. the whole hand with the same movement several times. This is
Consequently, the power of media companies was restricted. Five used for greetings and saying goodbye.
years later, in 1946, more regulations were introduced, which this To wink at someone - that is, to quickly close and then open
time prevented large media companies from buying others of a one eye - usually indicates that the person doing it recognises a
similar size. shared secret or shared information between them and the person
This increasing regulation of the media continued over the next they are doing it to. It's often considered a humorous, naughty or
three decades. In 1970, the power of broadcasters was weakened cheeky gesture, and is usually only used informally.
further, due to a rule which prevented anyone from owning a radio If you roll your eyes, you rotate both eyes upwards for a short
station and a television station broadcasting to the same audience. time. This can be used to express a number of negative emotions
Other similar rules followed later in the '70s. including boredom, disbelief annoyance and impatience.
In the late '70s and early'80s, some people began to feel that
the extent of the regulation of the media was unreasonable and @:fi:Q•jfj (ListeningExercise E)
gradually the rules were relaxed. In '85 the rule that placed a limit Narrator: Speaker 1
on the total number of advertisements a station could broadcast Male: Hi Alan. Don't forget the time of the meeting this afternoon's
per hour was removed. Two years later, one of the biggest changes been changed and it's starting at three o'clock now. Okay?
happened when they got rid of the Fairness Doctrine. That rule
Narrator: Speaker 2
had required stations to show both sides of an argument, and
Female: Well of course when I was a child there was much less
once it had gone, stations were free to present stories how
crime and violence than there is now. I suppose we didn't have so
they liked. Almost a decade after that, in 1996, the rule limiting
much disposable income, but we were definitely happier. Life was
ownership of radio stations was lifted, which meant that large
so much better back then, you know.
companies were free to buy as many as they could afford.
Now, let's look at some of the changes that have taken place Narrator: Speaker 3
since 1996. Male: Actually Ellen gave me this book the last time I ever saw her,
so I have to say it's got a very special place in my heart.
@:frij•jfi (Reading Exercise D) Narrator: Speaker 4
Female: It's a funny thing, isn't it? I mean, ask me what I did on my
Male lecturer: So now let's come on to languages where you can't
birthday fifteen years ago and I can tell you. Ask me where I've just
simply take the name of the country and change the ending. Don't
put the car keys, and I haven't the faintest idea!
make the mistake - as many people do - of saying that in America
they speak American. They don't. They speak English, though it can Narrator: Speaker 5
be described as a form of English called American English. Likewise Male: This is the statue, with the names of all the people who died
in Canada, there's no such thing as Canadian in terms of language. in the accident on this plaque here. We have a small service once
Once again, it's English, though of course Canada has two official a year to remember them. It's very touching, even though it all
languages, the other being French. happened a long time ago.
Similarly, there's no such language as Indian. In India, more than Narrator: Speaker 6
24 languages are spoken widely. English is often used for official Female: I bet you can guess where we were when Brian got this.
purposes, and other recognised languages include Hindi, Bengali, Casablanca! Well, I know it's a bit predictable, but if you don't come
Gujarati, Punjabi and Urdu. back with one of these red hats after you've been to Morocco, no•
Urdu is also the national language of Pakistan, though English one's going to believe you actually went there, are they?
is recognised as the official language, and is the language used
in the constitution and often for business. There are a number
of regional languages in use in Pakistan too. Six main ones,
@:fi:i3•j[ij (SpeakingExercise C)
Young woman: Yes, I do enjoy learning languages. I suppose it's
including Punjabi.
about seven years now since I started learning English. I have
And what's the official language of the Netherlands, or Holland?
three lessons a week, plus all the homework, so it's quite hard but
It's Dutch. Forms or varieties of Dutch are also spoken throughout
I still enjoy it. In fact, I enjoy learning languages so much that I've
Belgium. These are often also known as Flemish.
recently started having German lessons. The grammar is quite
@:f1:13•j@i (ListeningExercise D) difficult, but I'm also learning a lot about the history of Germany,
which is very interesting. I think an understanding of the history
Female lecturer: Gestures around the world vary depending on and culture of a place really helps you learn the language. My
culture. In Britain, a number of gestures are used regularly. aim is to go to university somewhere like the United States and
British people often nod their head to signify confirmation do linguistics, so the more I know about different languages,
or approval. Basically, this gesture means 'yes'. When people the better.
shake their head, they are expressing the opposite: negation or
96 AUDIOSCRIPT
11:1.1 s
1=0H AC:AIJEIVIH: PlJHPOSES:
A SHOl~T ll\lTEl\ISl\fl: c:OUHSE
Malcolm Mann & Steve Taylore-Knowles
IELTSfor Academic Purposes is a concise, user-friendly course designed to be used intensively in the
weeks and months prior to taking the IELTS exam (Academic format). It is ideal for both classroom-based
learning and self-study.
ISBN: 978-007-126953- 7
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11
9 780071 269537
11