Engineering

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Engineering (disambiguation).

The steam engine, a major driver in the Industrial Revolution, underscores the importance of
engineering in modern history. This beam engine is on display in the Technical University of
Madrid.
Engineering is the application of mathematics, science, economics, empirical evidence,
social knowledge, and practical knowledge to invent, innovate, design,
build, maintain, research, and
improve structures, machines, tools, systems, components, materials, processes,
solutions, and organizations. See glossary of engineering.
The discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized fields of
engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of applied
mathematics, applied science, and types of application.
The term engineering is derived from the Latin ingenium, meaning "cleverness"
and ingeniare, meaning "to contrive, devise"

Definition[edit]
The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD, the
predecessor of ABET)[2] has defined "engineering" as:
The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures,
machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in
combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or
to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions; all as respects an
intended function, economics of operation and safety to life and property. [3][4]
History[edit]
Main article: History of engineering

Relief map of the Citadel of Lille, designed in 1668 by Vauban, the foremost military engineer of
his age.
Engineering has existed since ancient times, when humans devised inventions such as
the wedge, lever, wheel and pulley.
The term engineering is derived from the word engineer, which itself dates back to 1390
when an engine'er (literally, one who operates an engine) referred to "a constructor of
military engines."[5] In this context, now obsolete, an "engine" referred to a military
machine, i.e., a mechanical contraption used in war (for example, a catapult). Notable
examples of the obsolete usage which have survived to the present day are military
engineering corps, e.g., the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
The word "engine" itself is of even older origin, ultimately deriving from
the Latin ingenium (c. 1250), meaning "innate quality, especially mental power, hence a
clever invention."[6]
Later, as the design of civilian structures, such as bridges and buildings, matured as a
technical discipline, the term civil engineering[4]entered the lexicon as a way to
distinguish between those specializing in the construction of such non-military projects
and those involved in the discipline of military engineering.
Ancient era[edit]
The Ancient Romans built aqueducts to bring a steady supply of clean and fresh water to cities
and towns in the empire.
The pyramids in Egypt, the Acropolis and the Parthenon in Greece, the Roman
aqueducts, Via Appia and the Colosseum, Teotihuacán, the Great Wall of China,
the Brihadeeswarar Temple of Thanjavur, among many others, stand as a testament to
the ingenuity and skill of ancient civil and military engineers. Other monuments, no
longer standing, such as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and the Pharos of
Alexandriawere important engineering achievements of their time and were considered
among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
The earliest civil engineer known by name is Imhotep.[4] As one of the officials of
the Pharaoh, Djosèr, he probably designed and supervised the construction of
the Pyramid of Djoser (the Step Pyramid) at Saqqara in Egypt around 2630–2611
BC.[7] Ancient Greece developed machines in both civilian and military domains.
The Antikythera mechanism, the first known mechanical computer,[8][9] and the
mechanical inventions of Archimedes are examples of early mechanical engineering.
Some of Archimedes' inventions as well as the Antikythera mechanism required
sophisticated knowledge of differential gearing or epicyclic gearing, two key principles in
machine theory that helped design the gear trains of the Industrial Revolution, and are
still widely used today in diverse fields such as robotics and automotive engineering.[10]
Ancient Chinese, Greek, Roman and Hungarian armies employed military machines
and inventions such as artillery which was developed by the Greeks around the 4th
century B.C.,[11] the trireme, the ballista and the catapult. In the Middle Ages,
the trebuchet was developed.
Renaissance era[edit]
The first steam engine was built in 1698 by Thomas Savery.[12] The development of this
device gave rise to the Industrial Revolution in the coming decades, allowing for the
beginnings of mass production.
With the rise of engineering as a profession in the 18th century, the term became more
narrowly applied to fields in which mathematics and science were applied to these ends.
Similarly, in addition to military and civil engineering, the fields then known as
the mechanic arts became incorporated into engineering.
Modern era[edit]
The International Space Stationrepresents a modern engineering challenge for many
disciplines.
The inventions of Thomas Newcomen and James Watt gave rise to modern mechanical
engineering. The development of specialized machines and machine tools during the
industrial revolution led to the rapid growth of mechanical engineering both in its
birthplace Britain and abroad.[4]

Structural engineers working on NASA's Mars-bound spacecraft, the Phoenix Mars Lander
John Smeaton was the first self-proclaimed civil engineer and is often regarded as the
"father" of civil engineering. He was an English civil engineer responsible for the design
of bridges, canals, harbours, and lighthouses. He was also a capable mechanical
engineer and an eminent physicist. Smeaton designed the third Eddystone
Lighthouse (1755–59) where he pioneered the use of 'hydraulic lime' (a form
of mortar which will set under water) and developed a technique involving dovetailed
blocks of granite in the building of the lighthouse. His lighthouse remained in use until
1877 and was dismantled and partially rebuilt at Plymouth Hoe where it is known
as Smeaton's Tower. He is important in the history, rediscovery of, and development of
modern cement, because he identified the compositional requirements needed to obtain
"hydraulicity" in lime; work which led ultimately to the invention of Portland cement.
The United States census of 1850 listed the occupation of "engineer" for the first time
with a count of 2,000.[13] There were fewer than 50 engineering graduates in the U.S.
before 1865. In 1870 there were a dozen U.S. mechanical engineering graduates, with
that number increasing to 43 per year in 1875. In 1890, there were 6,000 engineers in
civil, mining, mechanical and electrical.[14]
There was no chair of applied mechanism and applied mechanics at Cambridge until
1875, and no chair of engineering at Oxford until 1907. Germany established technical
universities earlier.[15]
The foundations of electrical engineering in the 1800s included the experiments
of Alessandro Volta, Michael Faraday, Georg Ohm and others and the invention of
the electric telegraph in 1816 and the electric motor in 1872. The theoretical work
of James Maxwell (see: Maxwell's equations) and Heinrich Hertz in the late 19th century
gave rise to the field of electronics. The later inventions of the vacuum tube and
the transistor further accelerated the development of electronics to such an extent that
electrical and electronics engineers currently outnumber their colleagues of any other
engineering specialty.[4] Chemical engineering developed in the late nineteenth
century.[4] Industrial scale manufacturing demanded new materials and new processes
and by 1880 the need for large scale production of chemicals was such that a new
industry was created, dedicated to the development and large scale manufacturing of
chemicals in new industrial plants.[4] The role of the chemical engineer was the design of
these chemical plants and processes.[4]

The Falkirk Wheel in Scotland

Aeronautical engineering deals with aircraft design process design while aerospace
engineering is a more modern term that expands the reach of the discipline by
including spacecraft design. Its origins can be traced back to the aviation pioneers
around the start of the 20th century although the work of Sir George Cayley has recently
been dated as being from the last decade of the 18th century. Early knowledge of
aeronautical engineering was largely empirical with some concepts and skills imported
from other branches of engineering.[16]
The first PhD in engineering (technically, applied science and engineering) awarded in
the United States went to Josiah Willard Gibbs at Yale University in 1863; it was also
the second PhD awarded in science in the U.S.[17]
Only a decade after the successful flights by the Wright brothers, there was extensive
development of aeronautical engineering through development of military aircraft that
were used in World War I. Meanwhile, research to provide fundamental background
science continued by combining theoretical physics with experiments.
In 1990, with the rise of computer technology, the first search engine was built
by computer engineer Alan Emtage.

Main branches of engineering[edit]

For a topical guide to this subject, see Outline of engineering.
Hoover Dam
Engineering is a broad discipline which is often broken down into several sub-
disciplines. Although an engineer will usually be trained in a specific discipline, he or
she may become multi-disciplined through experience. Engineering is often
characterized as having four main branches:[18][19][20] chemical engineering, civil
engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering.
Chemical engineering[edit]
Main article: Chemical engineering
Chemical engineering is the application of physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering
principles in order to carry out chemical processes on a commercial scale, such
as petroleum refining, microfabrication, fermentation, and biomolecule production.
Civil engineering[edit]
Main article: Civil engineering
Civil engineering is the design and construction of public and private works, such
as infrastructure (airports, roads, railways, water supply, and treatment
etc.), bridges, tunnels, dams, and buildings.[21][22] Civil engineering is traditionally broken
into a number of sub-disciplines, including structural engineering, environmental
engineering, and surveying. It is traditionally considered to be separate from military
engineering.[23]
Electrical engineering[edit]
Main article: Electrical engineering
Electrical engineering is the design, study, and manufacture of various electrical and
electronic systems, such as Broadcast engineering, electrical
circuits, generators, motors, electromagnetic/electromechanical devices, electronic
devices, electronic circuits, optical fibers, optoelectronic
devices, computer systems, telecommunications, instrumentation, controls,
and electronics.
Mechanical engineering[edit]
Main article: Mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering is the design and manufacture of physical or mechanical
systems, such as power and energy systems, aerospace/aircraft products, weapon
 systems, transportation products, engines, compressors, powertrains, kinematic chains,
vacuum technology, vibration isolation equipment, manufacturing, and mechatronics.
Other branches[edit]
Main article: List of engineering branches
Beyond these "Big Four", a number of other branches are recognized, though many can
be thought of as sub-disciplines of the four major branches, or as cross-curricular
disciplines among multiple. Historically, naval engineering and mining engineering were
major branches. Other engineering fields sometimes included as major branches [citation
needed] are manufacturing engineering, acoustical engineering, corrosion

engineering, instrumentation and

control, aerospace, automotive, computer, electronic, petroleum, environmental, system
s, audio, software, architectural, agricultural, biosystems, biomedical,[24] geological, textil
e, industrial, materials,[25] and nuclear engineering.[26] These and other branches of
engineering are represented in the 36 licensed member institutions of the
UK Engineering Council.
New specialties sometimes combine with the traditional fields and form new branches –
for example, Earth systems engineering and management involves a wide range of
subject areas including engineering studies, environmental science, engineering
ethics and philosophy of engineering.

List of engineering branches

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Engineering is the discipline and profession that applies scientific theories, mathematical
methods, and empirical evidence to design, create, and analyze technological solutions
cognizant of safety, human factors, physical laws, regulations, practicality, and cost. In
the contemporary era, engineering is generally considered to consist of the major primary
branches of chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical
engineering.[1] There are numerous other engineering subdisciplines and interdisciplinary
subjects that are derived from concentrations, combinations, or extensions of the major
engineering branches.

Contents
[hide]

 1Chemical engineering
 2Civil engineering
 3Electrical engineering
 4Mechanical engineering
 5Interdisciplinary
 6See also
 7References
Chemical engineering[edit]
Chemical engineering is the application of chemical, physical and biological sciences to the
process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.

Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

 Genetic engineering (of whole

genes and their chromosomes)
 Immunology and
Biomolecular Focuses on the manufacturing biomolecular/biochemical
engineering of biomolecules. engineering
 Engineering
of DNA and RNA (related to
genetic engineering)
 Metallurgical engineering, works
with metals
 Ceramic engineering works with
raw oxide materials (e.g. alumina
oxide) and advanced materials that
are polymorphic, polycrystalline,
Materials Involves properties of matter (material) oxide and non-oxide ceramics
engineering and its applications to engineering.  Polymer engineering works
with polymermaterials
 Crystal engineering works with the
design and synthesis of molecular
solid-state structures
 Biomaterials engineering works
with natural and living systems
Molecular Focuses on the manufacturing
engineering of molecules.
Focuses on the design, operation, control  Petroleum refinery
and optimization of chemical processes. engineering works on the
These include natural and man-made manufacture of refined products
materials, interaction of materials with  Plastics engineering works on the
Process machines, safety and health, energy plastics products
engineering conservation and waste and pollution
 Paper engineering works on paper
control. This extends to plant design and
products
layout, machine and wet process design
 Textile engineering works on fiber,
and improvement and designing and
creating products. textile and apparel products.

Applies scientific knowledge, natural

laws and physical resources in order to
Corrosion design and implement materials,
engineering structures, devices, systems and
procedures to manage corrosion.
Generally related to metallurgy,
 Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

corrosion engineering also encompasses

non-metallics including ceramics.
Corrosion engineers often manage other
not-strictly-corrosion processes
including cracking, brittle fracture,
crazing, fretting, erosion and more.

Civil engineering[edit]
Civil engineering comprises the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and
natural built environments.

Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

 Ecological engineering, the design, monitoring and

construction of ecosystems
 Fire protection engineering, the application of
engineering to protect people and environments
from fire and smoke
 Sanitary engineering, the application of engineering
methods to improve sanitation of human
communities
 Wastewater engineering, Wastewater engineering is
a type of engineering that comes from civil
engineering and environmental engineering. A
wastewater engineer determines the best way to
transport or collect rainwater for human populations.
The application of
Wastewater engineering also deals with the
engineering to the
Environmental transportation and cleaning
improvement and
engineering of blackwater, greywater and irrigation water.
protection of the
Wastewater treatment and water reclamation are
environment.
areas of concern in this field. Wastewater engineers
map out topographical and geographical features of
Earth to determine the best means of collection.
They use sonar scanning in wells to determine
volumes of water that can be used for human
consumption. Using these types of data they are able
to provide a means of collecting water. After
collecting the water, it is their job to transport it to
where it can be made available for use.
 Municipal or urban engineering, civil engineering
applied to municipal issues such as water and waste
management, transportation networks, subdivisions,
communications, hydrology, hydraulics, etc.
Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

Concerned with the  Mining engineering, the exploration, extraction and

behavior of earth processing of raw materials from the Earth
Geotechnical
materials at the site of
engineering  Foundation (engineering), the engineering of below
a civil engineering
ground foundations that support superstructures
project.
 Earthquake engineering, the behavior of structures
subject to seismic loading
The engineering of  Wind engineering, the analysis of wind and its
Structural structures that support effects on the built environment
engineering or resist structural  Architectural engineering, application of
loads. engineering principles to building design and
construction
 Ocean engineering, the design of offshore structures
An engineering
discipline that
involves the science,
technology and
practice of extracting
and processing
minerals from a
naturally occurring
environment. Mining
engineering is closely
related to many other
disciplines like
mineral processing
and metallurgy,
geotechnical
Mining engineering and
engineering surveying. A mining
engineer manages all
phases of mining
operations – from
exploration and
discovery of the
mineral resource,
through feasibility
studies, mine design,
development of plans,
production and
operations, to mine
closure.
With the process of
mineral extraction
some amount of waste
Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

material and other

byproducts are
generated which are
the primary source of
pollution in the
vicinity of mines.
Mining activities by
their nature cause a
disturbance of the
natural environment in
and around which the
minerals are located.
Mining engineers must
therefore be concerned
not only with the
production and
processing of mineral
commodities, but also
with the mitigation of
damage to the
environment both
during and after
mining as a result of
the change in the
mining area.

 Traffic engineering, a branch of transportation

engineering focusing on the infrastructure necessary
for transportation
The use of engineering
 Highway engineering, a branch of engineering that
Transport to ensure safe and
deals with major roadways and transportation
engineering efficient transportation
systems involving automobiles. Highway
of people and goods.
engineering usually involves the construction and
design of highways.
 Railway systems engineering
 Hydraulic engineering, concerned with the flow and
conveyance of fluids, principally water; intimately
related to the design of pipelines, water supply
Prediction, planning, network, drainage facilities (including
Water resources development and bridges, dams, levees, channels, culverts, storm

engineering management of water sewers) and canals.
resources.  River engineering, is the process of planned human
intervention in the course, characteristics, or flow of
a river with the intention of producing some defined
benefit—to manage the water resources, to protect
 Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

against flooding, or to make passage along or across

rivers easier.
 Coastal engineering, the study of the processes
ongoing at the shoreline and construction within the
coastal zone, often directed at combating erosion of
coasts or providing navigational access.
 Groundwater engineering, involves the analysis,
monitoring and often modeling of groundwater
source to better understand how much remains and
if the water can be used for e.g. recharging
reservoirs and irrigation.

Electrical engineering[edit]
Electrical engineering comprises the study and application
of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism.

Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

 Control engineering, focuses on

The creation of physical devices and the modeling of dynamic systems and
abstract methods that make it possible the design of controllersusing electrical
to conduct electricity, magnetism and circuits, digital signal processors and
light, through low power electrical microcontrollers
circuits deemed electronic circuits as  Telecommunications engineering,
well as through communication focuses on the transmission and
channels, in such a manner so as to processing of information through
make it possible to control, that is to communications channels that are
actuate, on other external entities that created by making use of applied
can be mechanical, electrical, electromagnetism in the physical world
chemical and even biological in and are oftentimes divided in wired and
Electronic nature, even to the point of wireless.
engineering automation and thus achieving a  Digital electronics systems engineering,
manipulation over those natural covering topics such
phenomena so as to concede to them as microelectronics which is better
an specific form so that they understood as hardware
abstractly represent something, in a engineering plus software engineering,
processing action that is which in turn covers topics such
called program and therefore they as embedded systems, digital signal
become abstract signals of processing, digital image
information, which can be subject of processing, real time operating
further processing and even end-user systems and ultimately computing and
presentation in what is known as a result, originally computer
as computing. engineering is a branch
of electronics as well.
 Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

 Software engineering, the application

of a systematic, disciplined,
quantifiable approach to the
development, operation and
maintenance of software and the study
of these approaches; that is, the
application of engineering
The design and control of computing and computer science to software.[2]
Computer
devices with the application of  Hardware engineering, designing,
engineering
electrical systems. developing and testing various
computer equipment. Can range from
circuit boards and microprocessors to
routers.
 Network engineering, designing,
deploying and maintaining computer
networks, such as corporate networks
or the Internet.
The generation, transmission and
distribution of electricity and the
Power design of devices such as
engineering transformers, electric generators,
electric motors, high-voltage
engineering and power electronics.
The design of instruments and
Optical
systems that utilize the properties of
engineering
electromagnetic radiation.

Mechanical engineering[edit]
Mechanical engineering comprises the design and analysis of heat and mechanical power for
the operation of machines and mechanical systems.

Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

Concerns the
manipulation and
control of vibration,
Acoustical
especially vibration
engineering
isolation and the
reduction of
unwanted sounds.
Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

Concerns dealing
with different
manufacturing
practices and the
Manufacturing
research and
engineering
development of
systems, processes,
machines, tools and
equipment.

Field specific to the

mechanical aspects
of optical systems.  Fiber optics
Includes design,  Laser systems
Optomechanical packaging,
 Telescopes
engineering mounting and
 Cameras
alignment
mechanisms  Optical instrumentation
specific to optical
systems.[3]

Concerns heating
or cooling of  Air conditioning
Thermal processes,
 Refrigeration
engineering equipment, or
 Heating, ventilating
enclosed
environments.
Is a field of
engineering that
involves the design,
development and
testing of sport
equipment. The
equipment used by
Sports
athletes has always
engineering
gone through
technological
design and
development based
on current
knowledge and
understanding.
Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

The design,  Automotive engineering, bicycles, motorcycles,

manufacture and automobiles, buses and trucks
operation of the  Naval architecture, marine vehicles and structures
Vehicle
systems and  Aerospace
engineering
equipment that engineering, airplanes, helicopters, drones and spacecraft
propel and control  Marine engineering, boats, ships, oil rigs and other
vehicles. marine vessels or structures,oceanographic engineering

Field of
engineering that  Geothermal power plants
designs, construct  Coal-fired power plants
and maintains  Hydroelectric power plants
Power plant
different types  Diesel engine (ICE) power plants
engineering
of power plants.  Tidal power plants
Serves as the prime  Wind turbine power plants
mover to produce  Solar power plants
electricity.

Energy efficiency,
energy services,
facility
management, plant
engineering,
environmental
compliance and
energy production.
Energy
Energy efficiency
engineering
of buildings and
manufacturing
processes,
employing
advances in
lighting, insulation
and heating/cooling
properties.

Interdisciplinary[edit]
Discipline Scope Major specialties

 Aeronautics, the design and development of aircraft

Aerospace systems such and air traffic control systems
Aerospace
as aircraft, spacecraft an  Astronautics, spacecraft ,with an emphasis on
engineering
d ground control spacecraft systems, ground control systems
systems, primarily on and orbital mechanics
 Discipline Scope Major specialties

the systems level. Often

categorized
within vehicle
engineering.

 Aquaculture engineering, cultured aquatic species

and their production systems
 Biomechanical engineering
 Bioprocess engineering, products from biological
Farm power and materials
machinery, biological  Biotechnical engineering
material processes,  Ecological engineering, ecosystems
Agricultural
bioenergy, farm  Food engineering, food processing, food machinery,
engineering
structures and packaging, ingredient manufacturing, instrumentation
agricultural natural and control.
resources.  Forest engineering
 Health and safety engineering
 Natural resources engineering
 Machinery systems engineering
 Information & electrical systems engineering
 Automation/control systems/mechatronics/robotics
 Computer-aided drawing and design (CADD)
Systems integration,  Construction
Applied
manufacturing and  Electronics
engineering
management.[4]  General
 Graphics
 Nanotechnology
 Bioinstrumentation, devices and tools used in the
diagnosis and treatment of disease.
 Bioinformatics, digital tools to collect and analyze
Medicine and healthcare biomedical data, such as DNA
biology, biocompatible  Biomechanics, motion, material deformation,
prostheses, diagnostic transport of chemical substances across biological
and therapeutic devices membranes and flow inside the body. Artificial heart
ranging from clinical valves, artificial kidneys and artificial hips.
Biomedical
equipment to micro-
engineering  Biomaterial, materials implanted in the body
implants, imaging
 Biomedical optics
equipment such
as MRIs and EEGs,  Biosignal processing, recording and processing
tissue regeneration and biological signals for diagnostic and therapeutic
pharmaceuticals purposes, such as cardiac signals, speech
recognition and brain activity
 Biotechnology, use of living systems to make useful
products such as pharmaceuticals and foods
 Discipline Scope Major specialties

 Clinical engineering, hospital-related products,

including data management, instruments and
monitoriing systems
 Medical imaging, MRIs, EEGs, ultrasound, PET
 Neural engineering, replacement/restoration of lost
sensory and motor abilities, neurorobots, neuro
electronics.
 Pharmaceutical engineering, pharmaceuticals and
pharmaceutical delivery
 Rehabilitation engineering, products that aid
individuals with physical and other impairments, to
improve e.g., mobility, seating and communication
 Bioacoustics
 Biochemical engineering, processes that involve
biological organisms or molecules such
as bioreactors
 Biosystems engineering
 Biomedical engineering, the application of
engineering principles and techniques to the medical
and biological sciences
 Biotechnical engineering
 Biomolecular engineering
Biological  Bioresource engineering
engineering  Bioprocess engineering
 Cellular engineering
 Genetic engineering, manipulate genes in organisms
 Food and biological process engineering
 Health and safety engineering
 Microbiological engineering
 Molecular engineering
 Protein engineering, protein synthesis
 Systems biology
 Synthetic biology
 Tissue engineering
 Architectural engineering
 Mechanical engineering
internal environment  Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
Building
and environmental  Refrigeration
services
impact of buildings and  Public health
engineering
other structures engineering: water services, drainage and plumbi
ng
 Electrical engineering
 Discipline Scope Major specialties

 Lighting, including artificial and emergency

lighting, low voltagesystems, containment,
distribution, distribution boards and switchgear
 Lightning protection
 Security, video and alarm systems
 Escalators and lifts
 Fire engineering, including fire detection and fire
protection
 Building façade engineering
 Energy supply
– gas, electricity and renewable sources
Energy efficiency,
energy services, facility
management, plant
engineering,
environmental
compliance and energy  Solar engineering, photovoltaic systems, solar
Energy production. Energy thermal systems
engineering efficiency of buildings
 Wind engineering, wind turbines
and manufacturing
processes, employing
advances in lighting,
insulation and
heating/cooling
properties.
Railway systems,
Railway
including wheeled
engineering
and maglev systems
 Manufacturing engineering, tools, equipment and
processes
 Component engineering, optimal compents to be
subsequently assembled into products.
 Systems engineering, logistics, team coordination,
Industrial Logistical and resource machinery control
engineering management systems
 Construction engineering, buildings and other
structures
 Safety engineering, safe operation and safe failure
modes
 Reliability engineering, product durability
 Robotics
Mechanical and  Instrumentation engineering
Mechatronics
electrical engineering
engineering  Optomechatronics engineering
hybrid
 Biomechatronics engineering
 Discipline Scope Major specialties

 Avionics, the design of electronics and systems on

board an aircraft or spacecraft
Management of
Engineering
engineers and
management
engineering processes
Military weapons and
Military
vehicles, such as  Combat engineering
engineering
artillery and tanks
 Molecular engineering
Nanoengineerin Nanometer  Materials science
g scale devices  Instrumentation engineering
 Electronics
 Medical physics
Nuclear Terrestrial and marine
 Nuclear fuel
engineering nuclear power plants
 Radiation protection
 Reservoir engineering, the flow of fluids in
underground reservoirs
Petroleum Oil and natural gas,
 Drilling engineering, well-drilling and fitting
engineering including oil refining
 Production engineering, surfacing and refining well
fluids
 Cryptographic engineering Cryptographic
Engineering is the discipline of using cryptography to
solve human problems. Cryptography is typically
applied when trying to ensure data confidentiality, to
authenticate people or devices, or to verify data
Software integrity in risky environments.
engineering the
 Information engineering, (IE) or information
application of a
engineering methodology (IEM) is a software
systematic, disciplined,
engineering approach to designing and developing
quantifiable approach to
information systems. It can also be considered as the
the development,
generation, distribution, analysis and use of
Software operation and
information in systems.
engineering maintenance of software
 Teletraffic engineering Telecommunications traffic
and the study of these
engineering, teletraffic engineering, or traffic
approaches; that is, the
engineering is the application of traffic engineering
application of
theory to telecommunications. Teletraffic engineers
engineering
use their knowledge of statistics including queuing
and computer science to
theory, the nature of traffic, their practical models,
software.
their measurements and simulations to make
predictions and to plan telecommunication networks
such as a telephone network or the Internet. These
tools and knowledge help provide reliable service at
lower cost.
 Discipline Scope Major specialties

 Web engineering focuses on the methodologies,

techniques and tools that are the foundation of Web
application development and which support their
design, development, evolution and evaluation. Web
engineering is multidisciplinary and encompasses
contributions from diverse areas such as systems
analysis and design, software engineering,
hypermedia/hypertext engineering, requirements
engineering, human-computer interaction, user
interface, information engineering, information
indexing and retrieval, testing, modeling and
simulation, project management and graphic design
and presentation.
Systems engineering is
an interdisciplinary field
of engineering that
focuses on how to
design and manage
Systems engineering deals with work-processes,
complex engineering
optimization methods and risk management tools. It
projects over their life
overlaps technical and human-centered disciplines such
Systems cycles. Issues, such as
as control engineering, industrial engineering,
engineering reliability, logistics and
organizational studies and project management. Systems
coordination of different
engineering ensures that all likely aspects of a project or
teams, evaluation
system are considered and integrated into a whole.
measurement and other
disciplines become
more difficult when
dealing with large or
complex projects.
Textile engineering
courses deal with the
application of scientific
and engineering
principles to the design  Apparel engineering
and control of all  Fabric engineering
aspects of fiber, textile  Industrial & production engineering
and apparel processes,  Textile engineering management
Textile
products and machinery.
engineering  Textile fashion & design
These include natural
 Textile machinery design & maintenance
and man-made
materials, interaction of  Wet process engineering
materials with  Yarn engineering
machines, safety and
health, energy
conservation and waste
and pollution control.
Discipline Scope Major specialties

Additionally, students
are given experience in
plant design and layout,
machine and wet
process design and
improvement and
designing and creating
textile products.
Throughout the textile
engineering curriculum,
students take classes
from other engineering
and disciplines
including: mechanical,
chemical, materials and
industrial engineering.