Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LM G7 Music
LM G7 Music
Department of Education
Republic of the Philippines
Music and Art – Grade 7
Learner’s Material
First Edition, 2014
ISBN: 978-971-9990-62-8
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Unit 2
Lesson 1: Music of the Mindoro ................................................................... 20
Lesson 2: Music of the Palawan................................................................... 24
Lesson 3: Music of the Visayas .................................................................... 30
Unit 3
Lesson 1: Vocal Music of Mindanao ............................................................. 40
Lesson 2: Gong Music of Mindanao ............................................................. 45
Lesson 3: Lute Music of Mindanao ............................................................... 50
Lesson 4: Bamboo Music of Mindanao ........................................................ 55
Unit 4
Lesson 1: Vocal Music of the 20th Century .................................................. 62
Lesson 2: Instrumental Music of the 20th Century
Filipino Composer ........................................................................................ 69
Lesson 3: Philippine Popular Music ............................................................. 74
Lesson 4: Philippine Theater Arts and Festivals ........................................... 79
iii
Table of Contents
Art
Unit 4: Sculpture
Module 7: Sculpture .............................................................................................. 234
Lesson 1: Early Forms and Traditional Sculpture in the Philippines ........... 236
Lesson 2: Philippine Sculpture during Spanish Period ............................... 243
Lesson 3: Sculpture during the American Period up to Present ................. 248
Module 8: Visual Arts in Philippine Drama and Festivals ....................................... 258
Lesson 1: Traditional and Modern Philippine Drama.................................. 260
Lesson 2: Philippine Festivals ................................................................... 265
iv
Unit I
OverviewThe lesson is an overview on the music of the highlands and
lowlands of Luzon. Through the lessons, one will discover how the people
from the different parts of Luzon express their feelings towards each other
and the environment, their history, and their supernatural beliefs through the
medium of the voice and / or musical instruments. A group performance
inspired by examples of music from Luzon will culminate the educational
experience.
3
Lesson 1: MUSIC OF THE HIGHLANDS – Cordillera Music
Fill up the thinking clouds according to the questions being asked. Do this in
your notebook.
What I want to know
What do I know about the Cordillera
about the Cordillera region?
region?
_____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
What I’ve learned
_____________________ _____________________
about the Cordillera _____________________
_____________________
region? _____________________
_____________________
_____________________ _____________________
______________________
_____________________ _____________________
______________________
_____________________ _____________________
______________________
_____________________ _____________________
______________________
_____________________
______________________
____________________ 4
______________________
______________________
______________________
Activity 2
Describe the sound of the hudhud, a chanted epic poetry. Fill in the
columns below in terms of the elements of music. Do this in your
notebook.
Musical Elements
Timbre
Dynamics
Rhythm
Pitch
Form
Activity 3
Listen to the following instrumental music from the Cordillera region. Try to
identify the instrument being used. Classify them according to the Hornbostel-
Sachs system of musical instrument classification.
Activity 4
Based on the discussion about the music of Cordillera, fill in the boxes below
with details. Do this in your notebook.
5
Activity 5
Performance Rubrics
hesis
6
rights on land ownership, “mega-tourism”, militarization, and the shift from
manual farming to machine-processed farming. Despite all these, several
non-governmental organizations and international organizations like
UNESCO ensure the protection not only of the rich culture and tradition of the
Cordillera region but also of their people.
Resources
Readings:
http://www.cpaphils.org/cordillera.htm
http://www.koleksyon.com/filipinoheritage/phil-music/pre-colonial-indigenous-
music.asp http://www.intangible.org/Features/kalinga/pages/page1.html (with
audios and videos already)
http://folklore.philsites.net/stories/heroism1.html
http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00015 (with audios and
videos already)
http://www.unesco.org/bpi/intangible_heritage/phillipines.htm
Maceda, Jose (1998). Gongs and Bamboo. Quezon City: University of the
Philippines Press.
Recordings:
Hudhud- “Aliguyon the Animation”:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zv9mc5JNeg4
“Hudhud hi Aliguyon (Hudhud chants of the Ifugao)”:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRu0F_LGP9I
Mambayu- “1-17 Kalinga Mabayu (rice-pounding song)”:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0yLA37Mhz4
Bagbagto- “1-16 Ibaloy Bagbagto (children’s song)”:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKuvbJEtvB4
Tongali- “1-03 Kalinga tongali (bamboo nose flute)”:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkmF3mIAi5Y
Saggeypo-“1-11 Kalinga saggeypo (bamboo pipes in a row)”
Tongatong-“1-10 Kalinga tongatong (bamboo stamping tubes)”:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PjFND2gFjo
Bungkaka-“1-08 Kalinga bungkaka (bamboo buzzers)”:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lb_gKCSLDu0
Gangsa- “1-02 Kalinga gangsa topayya (flat gongs played with the hands)”:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HrbFjYbMiE
“1-01 Kalinga gangsa pattung/palook (flat gongs played with sticks)”:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8azfI8CLbQ
7
Lesson 2: MUSIC OF THE LOWLANDS OF LUZON 1:
Liturgy and Devotional Music
Kyrie Eleison?
Gloria in Excelsis Deo?
Credo Inunum Deum?
Sanctus Dominus Deo Sabaoth?
Agnus Dei Quitolis Peccata Mundi?
Activity 1
Answer the following questions. Write your answers in the boxes. Do this in
your notebook.
8
Activity 2
These terms below are in the Latin language and refer to parts of the Catholic
Mass. Can you find out the Filipino and English translations for these?
Activity 3
Listen to the following songs that are used in different religious
festivals. Name the religious festival that the song is associated
with. Write the answers in your notebook.
Activity 4
9
Group Activity
Option 1: Create a video presentation on the
following topics:
- Palestrina of the Philippines
- Las Piñas Bamboo Organ compared with
other pipe organs in the world
10
Rubrics for News Casting
Need to Know: Want to see, feel, and hear the Spanish era’s influence on our
Religious Music first-hand? Try visiting these places:
Las Pinas Bamboo Organ - St. Joseph Parish, Las Pinas P. Diego Cera
Avenue, Poblacion, Las Pinas City, Philippines 1744 (+632) 510 2829
San Agustin Church: General Luna Street, Intramuros, Manila
(+632) 527 2746 or (+632) 527 4052
The music for liturgy and devotional music of the Lowlands of Luzon
reflects the impact of Spanish colonization which lasted for almost three
centuries, and how the introduction of Christianity affected the religious
practices of the ethno-linguistic groups. Efforts from the youth and education
sector are joining forces in maintaining these cultural traditions through the
Hispanic-influenced music which are undergoing a transformation into present
day versions.
11
Readings:
Mirano, Elena Rivera. (1992). Musika An Essay on the Spanish Influence on
Philippine Music. CCP Special Publications Office.
http://www.nhi.gov.ph/downloads/ca0002.pdf
http://www.himig.com.ph/features/49-marcelo-adonay
http://bambooorgan.org
http://bambooorgan.org/home.htm
http://www.bambooman.com/bamboo_organ.php
Recordings:
Gloria from Pequena Misa Solemnis (composed by Marcelo Adonay, performed
by Novo Concertante) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8aTQhio9Pc
Canticorum Jubilol/Da Pacem Domine (performed by Tiples de Sto. Domingo,
CCP) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFFnWd3GHmA
Bamboo Organhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uv2y_goeYxE
Pastores, A Waray Christmas Tradition
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBxZaiD0roU
Panunuluyan (Maytinis)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mqMSFv5S3c&feature=related
Komedya Ilokana by Ed Antonio http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fsw_z0-
JW3Y
Inay (Senakulo 2010) http://youtu.be/KdbqViEEuGU
Philippine Pasyon (Passion of Christ)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOeIbLIV0L4
Salubong 2010: Sta. Maria, Bulacan
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnHNCdjIwoE&feature=related
Dalit a Pakibat – Dalit 71 “Dalit at Pangadi na ning Metwat’ Mebyasa keng Ginu”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0abuN_bKAQA
Flores de Mayo 2009 Dios te Salve Minalin amanuningbie.com.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPY6hIAnuQE
12
Lesson 3: MUSIC OF THE LOWLANDS OF LUZON 2:
Activity 1
Look at the following images below. Describe the similarities of each picture.
The pictures below depict the ways Filipinos (before, and some up to now)
convey their love through music. These practices manifest influences dating
from the Spanish era in the Philippines.
13
Picture Description
14
Activity 2
Source: http://japanfocus.org/-Susan-
Brownell/2754
Since not everybody could afford to buy an instrument of their own, some people
sought to make an improvised symphonic band.
Musikong Bumbong
Photo by Nestor Santiago.
Date Taken: 1993,
Place Taken: Obando, Bulacan
Source: http://www.imagesphilippines.com/viewimage.php?id=976
Activity 3
15
Activity 4
Instrument Description
Instrument name:
Size:
Shape:
Number of strings:
Function in the ensemble:
Instrument name:
Size:
Shape:
Number of strings:
Function in the ensemble:
Instrument name:
Size:
Shape:
Number of strings:
Function in the ensemble:
Instrument name:
Size:
Shape:
Number of strings:
Function in the ensemble:
Instrument name:
Size:
Shape:
Number of strings:
Function in the ensemble:
Group Activity
One vocal form will be assigned to your group. Prepare for a short skit (about
5-7 minutes long) set in the Spanish era, incorporating the music assigned to
you. You may have a musical accompaniment on any instrument of the
Rondalla and / or improvised musical instruments.
16
Performance Rubrics
Category 5 4 3 2 1
Able to sing Able to sing Able to sing Able to sing a Could not
Melody the songs in the songs in the songs in few parts of follow the
the correct the correct the correct the songs in melodic
pitch without pitch with pitch with the correct lines.
any mistakes. only a few several pitch but with
mistakes. mistakes. a lot of wrong
notes.
Can sing the Sound quality Sound quality Sound quality Weak tone
whole piece in is is is airy and production
Timbre the prescribed inconsistent inconsistent breathy.
sound quality. in some parts in most parts
of the song. of the song
but is clear
and
beginning to
be focused in
some parts.
17
can do, as seen in the performance of the Philippine Constabulary Band in
1904. Lastly, it showed the resourcefulness of Filipinos as seen in the
musikong bumbong ensemble.esources
Readings:
Baes, Jonas. Westernized Musical Traditions in the Philippines.
http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-
a/article.php?igm=1&i=162
Canave-Dioquino, Corazon. The Lowland Christian Philippines. Music
Cultures and Regions.
Mirano, Elena Rivera.(1992). Musika An Essay on the Spanish Influence
on Philippine Music. CCP Special Publications Office.
Santos, Ramon P. Art Music Form. http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-
and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?igm=1&i=147
Hiyas Philippine Dance Company.http://philippineculture.ph/filer/Hiyas-
descriptions-of-dances.pdf
Doon po sa Nayon.
http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Cynthia/dances/sa_nayon.htm
Rural/Barrio Suite. http://pw1.netcom.com/~ntamayo/folkdance.html (with
audio)
Recordings:
Philippine Cultural Heritage “HARANA”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98HBr8HkIDA
Mutya ng Pasig- Conching Rosal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wF6-
i-ROnXU
FilAm Veterans Rondalla in Newark CA. (Leron-leron Sinta)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2Meg05In_wUPGO - Philippine Folk
Song LERON LERON SINTA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fuF_sxZJ5MA
Pamulinawen - Music Notation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBiRSRJiWyE
Kundiman Mabuhay Singers (Jocelynang Baliwag- Kundiman)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fsBAarQO3g
Pandanggo sa Ilaw Instrumental - Philippine Folk Dance
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHKRilht39Y
Celso Espejo Rondalla – Magtanim ay di Biro (Planting Rice)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=keKTkl90FD4
18
Unit II
Overview
The lesson is an overview on the music from Mindoro, Palawan, and
the Visayas. Through the lessons, one will discover how the people from
these places express their feelings towards each other and the environment,
their history, and their supernatural beliefs through the medium of the voice
and / or musical instruments. A group performance inspired by examples of
music from Mindoro, Palawan, and the Visayas will culminate the educational
experience.rStandard
19
Lesson 1: Music of the Mindoro
Activity 1
Draw three (3) things that you can find in Mindoro. Do this on a separate sheet of
paper.
Draw three (3) things that you want to know about Mindoro. Do this on a separate
sheet of paper.
20
Activity 2
21
Activity 3
Complete the concept map by writing details regarding the music of Mindoro
on the books. Do this in your notebook.
Musical Forms
Issues
Group Activity
One specific topic or theme will be assigned to your group. Make a poem of
12 lines following the format of the ambahan (7 syllables per line). Perform
the poem as a chant. sessment
Performance Rubrics
Synthesis
22
The music of the Mangyans of Mindoro helps us discover the way of
life of the Mangyan with themes about nature, family life, working in the field
as well as the spiritual dimension. While there is a lot of vocal music in the
form of songs and chanted poetry, there are also bamboo instruments such
as jew’s harps, lutes, and flutes. The challenges facing the music of the
Mangyan of Mindoro is the threat of industrialization (illegal logging) and
marginalization resulting from encroaching neighboring ethno-liguistic groups
(Tagalog). However, non-governmental organizations have been put up to
protect and preserve the Mangyan way of life including Mangyan music. SY
N
Readings:
http://www.mangyan.org
http://phch.eccmanila.org/tribal.html
Maceda, Jose (1998). Gongs and Bamboo. Quezon City: University of the
Philippines Press.
Recordings:
Nostalgia in a Denuded Rainforest (Jonas Baes, NCCA) – Recordings and
Background Information on the music of Iraya Mangyan.
(Mangyan instrumental music: bangsi/flute, subing/jew’s harp):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JlT1C45zKPc
(ambahan): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PPu89zCScI&feature=related
(Iraya Mangyan igway lullaby):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmRNuODRpkY&feature=mfu_in_order&list
=UL
(Hanunoo lullaby):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmRNuODRpkY&feature=mfu_in_order&list
=UL
(Hanunuo kalutang/sticks):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=raKyqAHrfTk&feature=related
(Hanunuo gitgit/fiddle):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMyZ3K63E-M&feature=related
(Modern Mangyan song):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTinJUZ5-UE&feature=related
(Mangyan Tigian Dance Ritual – a ritual done for the purpose of seeking truth
and justice):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3wMRdJjkNc&feature=related
23
Lesson 2: Music of the Palawan
Activity 1
Trace the big fish in the next page then cut out its shape using an art paper.
Write the things that you know and want to learn about Palawan at the back
of the fish. Put them all together to create fish curtains for the classroom.
24
Activity 2
Fill in the boxes with things that you know and want to learn about Palawan.
Activity 3
Soundscape: Can you imagine yourself on this shore from the Underground River in
Palawan? What sounds do you hear? If you were to imitate these sounds, how would
you do it? Will you use your voice? Will you use instruments?
As a group, recreate the sounds that you can hear from the Underground River.
25
Activity 4
Activity 5
Group Activity
26
Extension Activity (Optional): Write the words of your composed kulial on the 1st
box. Then decode your own kulial composition using either the Palawan or
Tagbanua alphabet. Write your coded kulial on column 2.
Performance Rubrics
esis
27
The music of Palawan expresses reverence for the spiritual as well as
the natural physical world through the epic chants, nature songs, and
instruments. The human experience of contrasting emotions is also shown in
love songs. Music is used not only as an expressive emotive medium but also
as an avenue for creativity in the context of a cultural and world view among
Tagbanuas, Palaw’an, and the Batak people of Palawan.
Recordings / Videos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7a-Hh6VPuc&feature=related (kulial /
symbolic lovesong)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zytxR8X8E9Q&feature=related (basal /
gong and drum ensemble)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGhnUjYvcMU&feature=related (babarak /
ring flute)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1QTjPLRb6k&feature=related (aruding /
Jew’s harp)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2dR1e7BGFUo (Kudaman epic excerpt)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zaf18Y9jVuI&feature=related (dance
theatre)
28
Lesson 3: Music of the Visayas
For vocal music, the balitao and composo are accompanied by the
guitar and / or rondalla instruments. It includes an introduction to the binanog
music ensemble of Panay Bukidnon, Tultogan bamboo of Maasin, Iloilo, and
rondalla of Silay-on, Negros. Viewing and listening of the said instrumental
and vocal music is included. Making improvised instruments from bamboo
materials and / or playing simple folk songs on selected rondalla instruments
will culminate the learning experience.
29
Activity 1
Guess Who?
Identify and say something about the following celebrities from the Visayas.
http://questing.wordpress http://nilaeslit.word
.com/category/ press.com
http://specials.sun
http://www.sharelike.me
star.com.ph
http://listal.com http://atthewomb
.com
30
Activity 2
Have you been to any of these festivals? Can you imagine how the music
makes the festival exciting? Identify the festivals and which part of the
Visayas it is celebrated.
Activity 3
Dandansoy
Ili-ili Tulog Anay
Bulak Ug Kaibug
Usahay
31
Matud Nila
Rosas Pandan
Si Pilimon
Binanog
Ati-atihan
Tultugan
Activity 4
Fill-up the boxes with things you have learned about the vocal and
instrumental music of the Visayas.
Group Activity
As a group, compete with the other groups in your class by performing any
given Visayan songs using available instruments. Singing is highly
encouraged.
32
3 = Dynamic levels fluctuate but can be discerned. Phrasing is usually
consistent and occasionally sensitive to the style of music being sung.
Sometimes performs with nuance and style that is indicated in the score or
which is suggested by the instructor or peer.
2 = Attention to dynamic levels is not obvious. Phrasing is rarely consistent
and / or rarely sensitive to musical style. Just sings the note.
1 = No sense of dynamics or phrasing and a low degree of independent
musicianship; severe technical flaws overshadow the expression.
Category 5 4 3 2 1
Melody Able to sing Able to sing Able to sing Able to Could not
the songs in the songs in the songs in sing a few follow the
the correct the correct the correct parts of the melodic
pitch without pitch with pitch with songs in lines.
any only a few several the correct
mistakes. mistakes. mistakes. pitch but
with a lot of
wrong
notes.
Rhythm Able to Able to Able to Had a lot of Rhythmic
interpret all interpret the interpret the difficulty in patterns
the notes notes and notes and following were not
and rests rests but with rests but the followed.
correctly or 1-3 mistakes. with rhythmic
without difficulty. patterns.
mistake.
33
Timbre Can sing the Sound quality Sound Sound Weak
whole piece is quality is quality is tone
in the inconsistent inconsistent airy and production
prescribed in some parts in most parts breathy.
sound of the song. of the song
quality. but is clear
and
beginning to
be focused
in some
parts.
Dynamics Improper use Improper Improper Dynamics
Dynamics was of dynamics use of use of was not
properly in 1 - 2 parts dynamics in dynamics used
used in all of the songs. 3 - 4 parts of in most properly
parts of the Dynamics the songs. parts of the at all.
song. was properly Dynamics songs.
used in the was properly
rest of the used in the
song. rest of the
song.
34
Readings:
35
Magos, Alice. Kinaray-a, Hiligaynon, Ilonggo and Aklanon Speaking
People. http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-
a/article.php?igm=4&i=248
Maceda, Jose. “Means of Preservation and Diffusion of Traditional
Music: The Philippine Situation” in Asian Music 2:1, 14-17.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/833808?seq=2
Muyco, Christine. Tayuyon Music of the Panay Bukidnon of Western
Visayas. National Commission for Culture and the Arts.
Muyco, Christine. “(Re)Opening a Cultural Memory: The Bamboo
Instruments of the Panay Bukidnon” in Humanities Diliman
http://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/humanitiesdiliman/article/view/1485
National Commission for Culture and the Arts (2001). Philippine Cultural
and Artistic Landmarks of the Past Milllenium. Manila: National
Commission for Culture and the Arts.
Scott, William Henry (1992). Looking for the Prehispanic Filipino.
Quezon City: New Day Publishers, pp. 104-156.
Traditional Forms of Music:
http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-
a/article.php?igm=1&i=161
Recordings / Videos:
36
Unit IIIview
The lessons in this unit are about the music from Mindanao. Through
the lessons, one will discover the socio-cultural influences and distinct
religious beliefs of the people of Mindanao. A group performance inspired by
examples of music from Mindanao will culminate the educational experience.
37
Lesson 1: Vocal Music of Mindanao
Activity 1
Exploring Mindanao
38
Activity 27
The culture of Mindanao is as varied and colorful as the geography and the
peoples who live in Mindanao. Before learning the music, let us find out what
you already know by naming the pictures and describing each of them. You
may also write what you want to know. Do this in your notebook.
1 2
Activity 3
39
2. Calasiao singing Pokpok Alimpako
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePSdnktzO-g
3. Zamboanga Chavacano songs “No Te Vayas” and “Zamboanga
Hermosa”: http://www.zamboanga.net/Song&MusicofZamboanga.htm
4. Hans Brandeis Videos on the Music of Mindanao:
http://user.cs.tu-berlin.de/~brandeis/Videos_MindanaoLumad.html
a. What is the function of the music? What do you think is the message of
the music?
b. How were the varied musical elements (timbre, dynamics, rhythm, pitch,
form) used in bringing about the message of the music?
Activity 4
Darangen No Te Vayas
Activity 5
40
Performance techniques Musical context
Activity 6
Group yourselves into 10 members per group. Study some of the songs from
Mindanao with the help of the video resources (UNESCO, Brandeis, etc). Pay
particular attention to the function of the song and how the song is performed
in the socio-cultural setting. Be ready to perform the song in class next
meeting.
ssment
Performance Rubrics
is
41
The vocal music of Mindanao strongly reflects the natural and spiritual
life of the cultural communities in the area: Lumad, Christian, and Muslim
Filipinos. Its various forms reveal the creativity of Filipinos as they vividly
express their emotions respond to events and reveal their world view.urces
Readings:
Dioquino, Corazon C. Indigenous Music of the Philippines.
http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-
a/article.php?igm=1&i=158
Interactive Map of the Philippines and Major Ethnic Groups:
http://www.kipas.nl/Groups.htm
Maceda, Jose. The Music of the Maguindanao of the Philippines.
http://media.smithsonianfolkways.org/liner_notes/folkways/FW04536.pdf
Santos, Ramon P. Traditional Forms of Music.
http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-
a/article.php?igm=1&i=161
Recordings:
Darangen epic UNESCO:
http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00
159#video
Calasiao singing Pokpok Alimpako :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePSdnktzO-g
Zamboanga Chavacano songs “No Te Vayas” and “Zamboanga
Hermosa”: http://www.zamboanga.net/Song&MusicofZamboanga.htm
Hans Brandeis Videos on the Music of Mindanao:
http://user.cs.tu-berlin.de/~brandeis/Videos_MindanaoLumad.html
42
Lesson 2: Gong Music of Mindanao
http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Asia/Philippines/Southern_Mindanao/Davao/Dabaw/photo589039.htm
Film Viewing
Go online and watch the video Kulintang by Danonga
Kalanduyan and Pangalay Dance.
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsX0z82FTeI&feature=relat
ed).
43
Describe the performance of the group in the video.
Gong ensembles have varied functions but are mostly used for celebrations
and rituals. The gong ensembles in Mindanao are mainly divided into two
types:
1) Kulintangan, Kwintangan - Gongs in a row
2) Tahunggo, Agung, Salmagi, Blowon Semagi - Suspended gong
ensembles in various names according to each tribe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kulintang_09.jpg
Activity 2
Guided Viewing
44
Activity 3
Kulintang Music
Activity 4
Using the structural model presented by Jimenez (p. 7), play the Sinulog
I excerpt below by Butocan (Jimenez, p.10) on improvised instruments. Some
may dance the Pangalay as the music is being performed.
Drum Sinulog
Lyre: Put markers on tones 1 – 8: E F# G# A B C# D# E
3 3 3 3
3x 3x 3X
5 5 4 4 4 5 6 5 5 4
3 3 2 3 4 3 2 3 3
56 7 7 7 6
2 3 3 5
45
Performance Rubrics
esis
The gong music of Mindanao reflects the natural and spiritual life of
the Lumad and Muslim Filipinos as well as the influence of the Malay trade
and Islam in the development of gong-chimes. Its many types show the
creativity of Filipinos as they express their emotions, their life events, and
their world view.
sources
46
Readings:
Recordings:
47
Lesson 3: Lute Music of Mindanao
Music Listening
Listen to the short audio clip called “Cosmo Canyon” by Diwa
De Leon. What do you think is the instrument he was playing?
Describe the instrument.
48
Activity 2
Film Viewing
Boat lutes are an important part of the music history of the Philippines.
The major names of the boat lutes are:
1. Kudlung
2. Kudyapiq
Some trace the origin of the name from the Indian kacchapi and Sanskrit
kacca which means turtle. The scales used by the instrument varies with a
scale with whole steps used for music inspired by nature (D,E, F#, A, B, C#,
E, F#, G#, B, C#, E) and music with half steps inspired by human emotions
(D, E, F, A, B, C, E, F#, G#, B, C#, E) (Maceda 1998).
Below is a picture of the Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan Samoan Sulayman
playing the boat lute.
http://vimeo.com/16808604
49
Activity 3
Activity 4
Activity 5
Using a two-string guitar or an available boat lute, try improvising using
drone and melody.
Try to produce percussive effects with your thumb while doing the drone
and melody if you can.
If your improvisation is
about nature, use the
scale without half steps
(D,E, F#, A, B, C#, E,
F#, G#, B, C#, E).
Use the lyre or piano for
tuning your boat lute /
two-stringed guitar.
http://www.tikboy.com/posts/the-bobodsil-kayumatan/
50
Performance Rubrics
Proficient Approaching Developing Basic
Proficiency
Focused and Focused and Focused tone but Unfocused
clear tone clear tone in inconsistent in the tone, erratic
throughout the the normal extreme ranges rhythm,
piece ranges unstable
Some repeated pitch,
Accurate Isolated errors errors in rhythm, inconsistent
rhythm and in rhythm, pitch, pitch and phrasing,
secure pitch and phrasing phrasing and
Consistent and More obvious Discernible dynamics.
sensitive dynamic levels, dynamic levels Needs work
phrasing with more on nuances
nuances as Follows the
Well-defined nuances with
indicated in the reference to
dynamic levels, score or as indicated in the
with creative music score or as style and
suggested by context
nuances as the teacher with suggested by the
indicated in the reference to teacher with
music score or style and reference to style
as suggested content and context
by the teacher
with reference
to style and
content
esource
51
Readings:
Brandeis, Hans. A Preliminary Study of the Symbolic Meanings of
Philippine Boat Lutes (Abstract only).
http://user.cs.tu-berlin.de/~brandeis/ICTM-Abstracts-e.html#symbolism
Maceda, Jose (1998). Gongs and Bamboo. Quezon City: University of
the Philippines Press.
Plucked Instruments of the Philippines:
http://www.atlasofpluckedinstruments.com/se_asia.htm
Table of Instruments in the Philippines:
http://www.kipas.nl/Instruments/Classification.htm
Recordings:
52
Lesson 4: Bamboo Music of Mindanao
Suggested Activities
Activity 1
An Introduction to Bamboo
Read the introduction of Rivera’s Report on “Philippine Bamboo
and Rattan.” Aside from the products she mentioned, can you
think of other uses for bamboo in music?
53
Activity 2
According to Philippine legends, the first man and woman were borne out of
bamboo. Bamboo is not only abundant in our country, it is also considered among
early Filipinos as a spiritual connection from our physical world to the spiritual
world (Santos, 2008). Many bamboo instruments were made for this purpose while
some bamboo instruments were also used for entertainment and personal
expression. Different manners of playing bamboo instruments include:
Blowing (aerophones)
54
Plucking (chordophes)
1. Gabbang
2. Agung a Tamlang (Slit Drum)
3. Tumpong (flute)
4. Sludoy (Bamboo zither)
Activity 3
Activity 4
In groups of five per group, make your own bamboo instrument/s using the
templates on aerophones, idiophones, or chordophones. Present your
instrument in class by reporting on its specifications, manner of playing, and
perform one improvisation.
55
AssessPerformance Rubrics
Proficient Approaching Developing Basic
Proficiency
Focused and Focused and Focused tone Unfocused
clear tone clear tone in but inconsistent tone, erratic
throughout the the normal in the extreme rhythm,
piece ranges ranges unstable
pitch,
Accurate rhythm Isolated errors Some repeated inconsistent
and secure in rhythm, errors in rhythm, phrasing and
pitch pitch, and pitch, and dynamics.
phrasing phrasing
Consistent and Needs work
sensitive More obvious Discernible on nuances
phrasing dynamic dynamic levels with reference
levels, with to style and
Well-defined more nuances Follows the
dynamic levels, nuances context
as indicated in
with creative the score or indicated in the
nuances as as suggested music score or
indicated in the by the teacher as suggested by
music score or with reference the teacher with
as suggested by to style and reference to
the teacher with content style and context
reference to
style and
content
56
Rubrics for Designing an Instrument Substitute
57
Readings:
Recordings:
58
Unit IView
Music flourished even more during the 20th Century in the Philippines.
This is the time when music of the west influenced Philippine music and
theater. Through the music and theater, one will discover how Filipinos love
their country and how they learned to express different forms of their love
through music and performance.
59
Lesson 1: Vocal Music of the 20th Century
Suggested Activities 1
Activity 1
http://www.himig.com.ph/features/64-the-
philippine-constabulary-band
60
2
http://philippine-painting.com/featured/harana
http://choralnet.org/view/295626
http://www.flickr.com/photos/starcatch/3911826148/sizes/m/in/photostream/
61
Activity 2
Activity 3
Music Listening
Listen to the two (2) songs. Fill in the boxes as you analyze their
similarities and differences. Do this in your notebook.
Also Known As
Year of Composition
Political Patron
Timbre
Melodic Contour
Rhythm: Time
Signature
Rhythm: Tempo
Harmony: Key
Signature
Musical Form
Lyrics description
62
Activity 4
Performance Rubrics
Synthes
is
63
Music, even without the words, can tell us stories about a particular
time, place, person, and event – much more, music with words. This is clearly
heard from the songs “Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan” of Julio Nakpil and
“Lupang Hinirang” of Julian Felipe. Two of the most well-known songs by our
National Artists for Music – “Sa Ugoy ng Duyan” (San Pedro) and “Payapang
Daigdig” (De Leon) are examples of Philippine solo and choral music. By
listening and singing these songs, we take part in the stories behind each
one, making it a story of our own.
Ernani Joson Cuenco (1936 – 1988) – proclaimed National Artist for Music
in 1999; He was an award-winning film scorer in the early 1960s, working in
collaboration with National Artist for Music, Levi Celerio. He was also a
teacher and a seasoned orchestra player.
64
“Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan” – with music and lyrics written by Julio
Nakpil in 1896. Nakpil later changed the title to “Salve Patria.” This work was
commissioned by Andres Bonifacio, but Emilio Aguinaldo preferred the work
of Julian Felipe. It was first played to commemorate the eighth anniversary of
Rizal’s execution on December 30, 1904.
Readings:
65
Lubang, Danalyn T. Tamang Pagkanta ng Pambansang Awit. The
Varsitarian. (Vol LXXXi, No. 13).
http://www.varsitarian.net/filipino/20100507/tamang_pagkanta_ng_pamba
nsang_awit. retrieved on 06/13/2012 - 11:46.
Musika Natin: Lucio San Pedro. http://www.musikanatin.com/lucio.php.
Santos-Viola, Carlos N. Julio Nakpil: A Patriot and a Musician.
http://julionakpil.blogspot.com/.
THE NATIONAL ARTISTS OF THE PHILIPPINES.
http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca/org-awards/org-awards-national-artist-
list.php.
THE NATIONAL ARTISTS OF THE PHILIPPINES GUIDELINES.
http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca/org-awards/org-awards-national-artist-
guidelines.php.
Supreme Court E-Library. Executive Orders. [Executive Order No. 236,
September 19, 2003]
http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/index10.php?doctype=Executive%20Orders
&docid=a45475a11ec72b843d74959b60fd7bd645fae1093b5c5.
Supreme Court E-Library. Executive Orders. [Executive Order No. 435,
June 8, 2005]
http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/index10.php?doctype=Executive%20Orders
&docid=f50a99f950ea0dd2453e89f5c9d6a397455a4894e8228.
Tiongson, Nicanor (Ed.). (1994). CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art (Vol.
6: Philippine music). Manila: Cultural Center of the Philippines.
Recordings:
Kundiman Art Song – Nasaan Ka Irog? – Sylvia La Torre.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8-NqGJJYkeE.
Lupang Hinirang Ang Pambansang Awit ng Pilipinas.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qB5r4Q6Q1Fg&feature=related
Payapang Daigdig (A Peaceful World) – The Himig Singers.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7zp9Z8_pU0
Sa Ugoy ng Duyan (With English Translation).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v-zGeYwR6Vwtg
66
Lesson 2: Instrumental Music of the 20th Century
Filipino Composer
67
Activity 2
Activity 3
68
Performance Rubrics
ynthesis
New Music – originating from the term neue musik (German) that was coined
by Paul Bekker in 1919. This refers to contemporary classical / serious music
69
Orchestral – music that is arranged for and meant to be played by an
orchestra. A basic orchestra is composed of four sections of instruments:
strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion.
Solo – music that is meant to be performed by a single performer.
Readings:
Belleza, M.G. and Maceda, J. (1977). Udlot-udlot – Isang Bagong
Musika na Maituturo sa High School. from Musika Jornal (vol 1). QC.
Kagawaran ng Pananaliksik sa Musika Dalubhasaan sa Musika
Pamantasan ng Pilipinas.
Defeo, Ruben. (2004). Jose Maceda’s lifelong quest for traditional
Filipino music;. http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=249534
Features: Lucrecia Roces Kasilag. http://www.himig.com.ph/features/32-
lucrecia-r-kasilag
Maceda, Jose. (1977). Ang mga Kaisipan sa Musika sa Timog-
Silangang Asya from from Musika Jornal (vol 1). Quezon City:
Kagawaran ng Pananaliksik sa Musika Dalubhasaan sa Musika
Pamantasan ng Pilipinas.
Music – National Commission for Culture and Arts: Antonino
Buenaventura. http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca/org-
awards/music/antonino_buenaventura.php
Music – National Commission for Culture and Arts: Antonio Molina.
http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca/org-
awards/music/antonio_molina.php.
THE NATIONAL ARTISTS OF THE PHILIPPINES.
http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca/org-awards/org-awards-national-
artist-list.php.
THE NATIONAL ARTISTS OF THE PHILIPPINES GUIDELINES.
http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca/org-awards/org-awards-national-
artist-guidelines.php.
Santos, Ramon P. (1977). Bagong Kamalayan sa Kontemporaryong
Musika sa Pilipinas from Musika Jornal (vol 1). Quezon City: Kagawaran
ng Pananaliksik sa Musika Dalubhasaan sa Musika Pamantasan ng
Pilipinas.
Supreme Court E-Library. Executive Orders. [Executive Order No. 236,
September 19, 2003]
70
http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/index10.php?doctype=Executive%20Orde
rs&docid=a45475a11ec72b843d74959b60fd7bd645fae1093b5c5.
Supreme Court E-Library. Executive Orders. [Executive Order No. 435,
June 8, 2005]
http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/index10.php?doctype=Executive%20Orde
rs&docid=f50a99f950ea0dd2453e89f5c9d6a397455a4894e8228.
Tiongson, Nicanor (Ed.). (1994). CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art
(Vol. 6: Philippine music). Manila: Cultural Center of the Philippines.
Yan, Carrie B. (2011). Lucrecia Kasilag: First Lady of Philippine Music.
http://www.globalpinoy.com/gp.topics.v1/viewtopic.php?postid=4d22ca8
0b77ec&channelName=4d22ca80b77ec.
Recordings:
http://www.onlinevideodownloader.com for youtube videos
http://www.himig.com.ph/cart and follow instructions on getting tracks
from CDs.
2010 Udlot-udlot Senri Expo Park 1.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBkZy5DAgSY
2010 Udlot-udlot Senri Expo Park 2.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwxw5ACuHYU.
Antonio Molina – MALIKMATA – Enzo.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7o_Mhb84BAY
Dularawan (excerpts). (1969). Pagdiriwang, A Song/Dance/Theater in
Two Acts recorded live at the CCP Theater for the Performing Arts on
September 8, 1969 [CD].
Mindanao Sketches - A Village Festival Dance by UP Orchestra – Pt .
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uVx5B14Opg.
Mindanao Sketches - Offering to the Gods by UP Orchestra.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPBBEXcBvD4.
Mindanao Sketches.wmv. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sqbz7cd-
z08: Mindanao Sketches.(1983). From The Best of Philippine Classics
[CD].
71
Lesson 3: Philippine Popular Music
Activity 1
Do you know the foreign artists in the next page? Name some of their songs
and describe their type of music.
72
www.thesilvertongueonline.com
www.kidzworld.com
www.lifestyle-rebels.com
www.myplay.com
www.metro.co.uk
www.billboard.com
73
Activity 2
Did you know that before your favorite artists became famous,
we already had our own set of popular artists? Listen to the following songs:
(You may also view these through www.youtube.com)
APO Hiking Society – “Batang-bata Ka Pa”
Aguilar, Freddie – “Anak”
Cayabyab, Ryan – “Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika”
Magalona, Francis – “Mga Kababayan”
Radioactive Sago Project – “Alak, Sugal, Kape, Babae, Kabaong”
Answer the questions as you listen to the songs. You may create a table to
aid you in analyzing the songs:
1. What musical instruments were used in the songs?
2. What is the message of each song?
3. How were the musical elements used in bringing out the message of
the songs?
Activity 3
74
Activity 4
Group Activity
Stage a class variety show showcasing different genres of Philippine popular
music. Take note: no two genres should be repeated, or at least, each song
must be distinct in nature. You may include a genre that has not been
discussed but be sure to consult your teacher first. Choose an original
Philippine music (as much as possible, avoid revivals) and give an
introduction, including the title, artist (composer, artist, and songwriter (all, if
possible), and a short description of the lyrics’ message. Live accompaniment
on guitar, piano and / or rhythmic instruments, is highly encouraged, but
minus-one accompaniment may be used.Assessment
Performance Rubrics
Synthesis
75
Folk rock – a style of music combining folk and rock elements. It is a genre
term that was originally coined in the USA and / or UK during the 1960s.
Fusion – a style of music infusing world music elements
Genre – a distinct style of music
Hip hop – a style of music incorporating complex, stylized rhythms that is
often accompanied by rapping. It belongs to a subculture that also goes by
the same name, hip hop.
Novelty song – comical popular songs that may be for a current situation,
holiday, or just a can just be a dance fad
Pop – refers generally to music that is easily accessible by the public through
mass media, and is also subject to selling
OPM – Original Pinoy music or original Philippine music; a label used for
original popular songs by Filipino artists
Readings:
Lockard, Craig A. (1998). Dance of Life: Popular Music and Politics in
Southeast Asia. (pp. 114-161.) United States of America: University of
Hawaii Press.
Mariano, Vicente D. (ed). (2009) Sining-Bayan: Art of Nation Building
Social Artistry Fieldbook to Promote Good Citizenship Values for
Prosperity and Integrity. JAPI Printzone.
http://apohikingsociety.org/
http://www.joeyayala.com/
http://www.blafi.org/
Tiongson, Nicanor (Ed.). (1994). CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art (Vol.
6: Philippine music). Manila: Cultural Center of the Philippines.
Recordings:
APO – Batang-bata ka Pa.
http://www.apohikingsociety.org/popup_batakapa.shtml.
Aguilar, Freddie – Freddie Aguilar Anak (Orginal Version).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-n-2lPzH7Do.
Ayala, Joey – Mariano, Vicente D. (ed). (2009) Sining-Bayan: Art of
Nation Building Social Artistry Fieldbook to Promote Good Citizenship
Values for Prosperity and Integrity. JAPI Printzone. (Complementary CD)
Cayabyab, Ryan – KAY GANDA NG ATING MUSIKA (Hajji Alejandro).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6MixeXSX5g.
De Leon, Diwa – Panorama.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eA9z8UPtCus.
Magalona, Francis - FRANCIS MAGALONA - MGA KABABAYAN [MY
FELLOW COUNTRYMEN].
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBaYmRHLES8.
76
Radioactive Sago Project – Radioactive Sago Project. Alak, Sugal, Kape,
Babae, Kabaong. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3ZVQ9FMsmY.
Villame, Yoyoy – History of the Philippines.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCoEPnprS7Q.
The lesson will show you how to appreciate the Philippine theater
arts. As you go through this unit, you will learn about komedya, moro-moro
and zarzuela. Through the lesson, one will learn to appreciate Filipino stage
performances. Staging your own performance of the discussed theatrical
compositions culminates the educational experience.
77
Activity 1
Group Activity
Get 10 of your classmates.
In 10 minutes create a scene depicting a Philippine holiday using all the
members of your group as part of the tableau.
Each participant’s acting skills will be assessed.
Activity 2
Guided Viewing
1. Watch the interview on “Kababayan LA”. Based on the video
clip, what is Moro-Moro?
2. Describe the costumes that the actors and actresses are wearing in the
stage performance:
3. Watch the video of “SDA Modern San Dionisio Komedya / Moro-Moro.”
How do they deliver their lines? What is the role of the music in the
performance?
4. Watch the video of Walang Sugat Part 1 by Tanghalang Ateneo. Describe
the musical elements and singing style used.
5. Among the sample theater performances, which of these did you like?
Why?
6. Can you see yourself performing in a Komedya or Sarsuela? Give at least
3 reasons.
Activity 3
OPTION 1:
1. Create a story in the style similar to a Moro-Moro or Zarzuela.
2. Use music, props, and stage designs to enhance the show.
3. Video recording of the performance is highly encouraged.
OPTION 2:
78
Performance Rubrics
Theater arts in the Philippines have been alive since the early 1600s.
komedya / moro-moro performances played an active role in converting the
early Filipinos to Christianity. Komedya was often performed in town fiestas
as part of the entertainment and to teach Hispano-Christian values. To add
flavor to the stage performances, the stories were incorporated with magical
forces and creatures. As the years went by, the zarzuela emerged as another
theatrical form. It incorporated more singing and dancing. These types of
theatrical performances are currently being revived by Filipino theater groups
based in different parts of the country as well as with Filipinos abroad.
79
Moro-moro – a type of secular komedya that was popular in the 1600s.
Stories revolve around kings, queens, princes, princesses, animals, and
supernatural beings. It is believed to be an offshoot of chivalric-poem called
awit and legendary religious poem called corrido. Most of the time, the theme
of the play depicts battles between the Christians and Moros.
Zarzuela – originated from Spain and was made popular in the Philippines in
the 1800’s. The performances consist mostly of singing and dancing with
stories showing love and social issues. Walang Sugat is one of the most
famous zarzuelas in the country.
Readings
http://isangharaya.wordpress.com/2012/01/22/rip/
http://www.panitikan.com.ph/criticism/themoromoroinperspective.htm
http://www.sacred-texts.com/asia/pft/pft48.htm
Video Recordings
Moro-moro / Komedya interview-
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1J03lKFqkZw
SDA Modern San Dionisio Komedya/Moro-Moro in Los Angeles
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWdfQYDWH9s
Tanghalang Ateneo’s –Walang Sugat
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-kxFEnA6FvY&feature=relate
80