Holy Child V Sto. Tomas Facts
Holy Child V Sto. Tomas Facts
Tomas
FACTS
Petitioner school assails the petition for certification election filed by private respondent Pinag-Isang
Tinig at Lakas ng Anakpawis – Holy Child Catholic School Teachers and Employees Labor union
(HCCS-TELU-PIGLAS). There are approximately 120 teachers and employees in the proposed
bargaining unit.
Petitioner alleges that respondent violates Art. 245 of the Labor Code and lacks the personality to file a
petition for certification elections. The case of Toyota is cited by the petitioner and argues that the
members of the union are an inappropriate bargaining unit and lacks mutuality of interest, there being a
mixture of rank-and-file and managerial or supervisory employees.
o Among the 120 members, some are vice-principals, department heads, coordinators,
supervisors, and other non-teaching personnel along with regular teaching staff.
Respondents counter that petitioner failed to substantiate its claim that some of the members are
managerial or supervisory employees. In any case, the qualifications of the member employees may be
threshed out in an inclusion-exclusion proceeding.
Respondents also state that the teaching and non-teaching personnel have similar working conditions.
Med-Arbiter: denied the petition for certification election on the ground that the bargaining unit sought to
be represented is inappropriate.
SOLE: set aside the ruling of the Med-Arbiter and directed the conduct of two separate certification
elections. Recognized the difference between the teaching and non-teaching personnel but stated that
the inappropriateness of the bargaining unit is not a ground for a petition for certification election.
o Cited the case of University of the Philippines v Ferrer-Calleja, where the SC did not order the
dismissal of the petition of the UP Worker’s Union composed of academic and non-academic
personnel.
CA: no grave abuse of discretion on the part of the SOLE. Toyota inapplicable since the vice-principals,
department heads, coordinators, and supervisors are not managerial employees.
o While the CA agreed with the petitioner that the work of teaching and non-teaching personnel
do not coincide, they nevertheless found that the SOLE appropriately ordered the conduct of
two separate certification elections based on the ruling in UP v Ferrer-Calleja.
ISSUES + RULING:
Does mixture of employees in the same bargaining unit render the labor organization illegal? NO.
SC first invoked the “Bystander Rule,” that certification elections are the sole concern of the employees.
The employer is merely a bystander that lacks the personality to dispute the election and has no right to
interfere therein.
As to the mixture of employees in one bargaining unit, there is no provision in the law that renders the
union illegal for having such mixture in the bargaining unit it represents.
The Court looked at the past laws that governed this situation.
o RA No. 875, Section 3 provided:
“Individuals employed as supervisors shall not be eligible for membership in a labor organization
of employees under their supervision but may form separate organizations of their own.”
o While Sec. 11, Rule II, Book V of the Omnibus Rules provides:
“Members of supervisory unions who do not fall within the definition of managerial employees
shall become eligible to join or assist the rank and file organization.”
o Art. 245 of the Labor Code and Sec. 1 of Rule II, Book V of the Rules meanwhile state:
“Supervisory employees shall not be eligible for membership in a labor organization of the rank-
and-file employees but may join, assist or form separate labor organizations of their own”
o As part of the petition for certification election, RA 6715 required the
(c) description of the bargaining unit which shall be the employer unit unless circumstances
otherwise require; and provided further, that the appropriate bargaining unit of the rank-and-file
employees shall not include supervisory employees and/or security guards
By that provision, any questioned mingling will prevent an otherwise legitimate and duly
registered labor organization from exercising its right to file a petition for certification election.
It was under the last provision that Toyota was decided, prohibiting the certification election of a union
that had managerial/supervisory and rank-and-file employees as the bargaining unit.
o However, after Toyota was decided, DO No. 9, s. 1997 was issued, which deleted the
requirement that petition for certification election should indicate that he bargaining unit of rank-
and-file employees has not been mingled with supervisory employees. It provided:
Sec. 4. Forms and contents of petition. - The petition shall be in writing and under oath and shall
contain, among others, the following: x x x (c) The description of the bargaining unit.”
The SC ruled in the later case of Tagaytay Highlands that a labor organization has been registered, it
may exercise all the rights and privileges of a legitimate labor organization. Any mingling between
supervisory and rank-and-file employees in its membership cannot affect its legitimacy for that is not
among the grounds for cancellation of its registration, unless such mingling was brought about by
misrepresentation, false statement or fraud under Article 239 (now 245) of the Labor Code. The Court
abandoned the ruling in Dunlop and Toyota in that case.
o Moreover, the employer cannot collaterally attack the legitimacy of the union by praying for the
dismissal of the petition for certification election.
o The determination of whether union membership comprises managerial and/or supervisory
employees is a factual issue that is best left for resolution in the inclusion-exclusion
proceedings, which has not yet happened in this case so still premature to pass upon.
There is also a difference between the concept of “bargaining unit” and “union”; the inappropriateness
of the bargaining unit does not remove the legitimacy of the union.
o The Labor Code defines “union” as "any union or association of employees which exists in
whole or in part for the purpose of collective bargaining or of dealing with employers concerning
terms and conditions of employment.”
o Meanwhile, a bargaining unit is a "group of employees of a given employer, comprised of all or
less than all of the entire body of employees, which the collective interests of all the employees,
consistent with equity to the employer, indicated to be best suited to serve reciprocal rights and
duties of the parties under the collective bargaining provisions of the law."
Did the SOLE commit GADLEJ in ruling that there should be 2 collective bargaining units in this case? NO.
Factors that determine an appropriate bargaining unit: (1) will of employees (Globe Doctrine); (2) affinity
and unity of employees’ interest, such as substantial similarity of work and duties, or similarity of
compensation and working conditions; (3) prior collective bargaining history; and (4) employment
status, such as temporary, seasonal and probationary employees.
Basic test of a bargaining unit’s acceptability: The combination which will best assure to all employees
the exercise of their collective bargaining rights.
o Law and jurisprudence, provide that the commonality or mutuality of interest is the most
fundamental standard of an appropriate bargaining unit. This standard requires that the
employees in an asserted bargaining unit be similarly situated in their terms and conditions of
employment relations. This commonality or mutuality may be appreciated with greater certainty
if their areas of differences with other groups of employees are considered.
In UP v. Ferrer-Calleja, it was held that 2 separate bargaining unit was warranted because, the
dichotomy of interests, the dissimilarity in the nature of the work and duties as well as in the
compensation and working conditions of the academic and non-academic personnel dictate the
separation of these two categories of employees for purposes of collective bargaining. The formation of
two separate bargaining units, the first consisting of the rank- and-file non-academic personnel, and the
second, of the rank-and-file academic employees, is the set-up that will best assure to all the
employees the exercise of their collective bargaining rights.
Combining two disparate groups of employees under a single collective bargaining unit may deny one
group of employees the appropriate representation for purposes of collective bargaining; in a situation
where the teaching personnel are more numerous and largely have better academic preparations, the
interests of the non-teaching personnel may simply be relegated to the background and may possibly
be sacrificed in the interests of the dominant majority. In short, a ruling to the contrary may have the
effect of denying a distinct class of employees the right to meaningful self-organization because of their
lesser collective bargaining presence.
Distinctions between teaching personnel and non-teaching personnel:
1. The teaching personnel are more concerned with promoting and ensuring a healthy learning
environment for students, while non-teaching personnel are involved in the management and
running of the school.
2. Teaching personnel are paid a basic salary and additional pay for advisory class and additional
load, while non-teaching personnel are only paid a basic salary.
3. In terms of working hours, the non-teaching personnel (maintenance) render an additional 1⁄2
workday on a Saturday.
4. The Manual of Regulations for Private Schools categorically provides that the employment of
teaching and non-teaching academic personnel shall be governed by such rules as may from time
to time be promulgated in coordination with one another by the Department of Education while the
conditions of employment of non- academic, non-teaching personnel shall be governed by the
appropriate labor laws and regulations.
These facts convinced the Secretary of Labor that because of the dominance of the distinctions – which
she appreciated as questions of facts based on her labor relations expertise – the collective bargaining
interests of the employees would be best served if two separate bargaining units would be recognized,
namely, the teaching and the non-teaching units. In making this recognition, she was duly supported by
law and jurisprudence, citing and relying as she did on our ruling in University of the Philippines.