BINOMIAL THEOREM

(A) Binomial Theorem (Based on definition)

444 ...... 4 888

 ......
  89 666 ...... 67
1. Prove that the number  
n digits

( n 1) digits
is a perfect square of the number   
(n 1) digits
.

2. Find the number of terms

(i) (2x – 3y)9 (ii) (1 + 5 2 x)9 + (1 – 5 2 x)9 (iii) ( x + y )10 + ( x – y )10
(iv) (2x + 3y – 4z)n (v) (3x + y)8 – (3x – y)8 (vi) (1 + 2x + x 2)20

3. Expand by using binomial theorem

(i) (x 2 + 2a)5 (ii) (2x – 3y)4 (iii) (1 + x + x 2)3 (iv) (1 – x + x 2)4

 1
11
(v)  x   (vi) (x + y)5 – (x – y)5
 y

(B) Some important terms in the expansion of (x + y)n

4. If the coefficients of 2nd, 3rd and 4th terms in expansion of (1 + x)n are in AP, then the value of n is
(A) 2 (B*) 7 (C) 6 (D) 8

x 3 
10

5. The coefficient of x 4 in   2  is :
2 x 

405 504 450 405

(A*) (B) (C) (D)
256 259 263 512

6. The first three terms in the expansion of the (1 + ax)n (n  0) are 1, 6x and 16x2. Then the values of a and n
are respectively

2 3
(A) 2 and 9 (B) 3 and 2 (C*) and 9 (D) and 6
3 2

 x
n

7. If the coefficients of x 7 & x 8 in the expansion of  2  are equal , then the value of n is :
 3

(A) 15 (B) 45 (C*) 55 (D) 56

8. In the expansion of (1 + x) 43
if the coefficients of the (2r + 1) and the (r + 2)th terms are equal, the
th

value of r is :
(A) 12 (B) 13 (C*) 14 (D) 15

9. The coefficient of x n  2 in the expansion of (x  1) (x  2) .... (x  n) is

1 1
(A*) n (n + 1) (n + 2) (B) (n  1) (n + 2) (n + 3)
2 6

1 2
(C) n (n + 1) (D) none of these
3

 3x 
10
10. Find the set of values of ‘x’ for which 4th term is the greatest term in the expansion of  2   .
 8 
   64   64 
x  ,2  U  2, 
   21 
Ans.
21

x 2
n

11. Find the index ' n ' of the binomial    if the 9th term of the expansion has numerically the greatest
 5 5 
coefficient (n  N). Ans. n = 12 [5, 0]

12. Write the gerenal terms of following

 x 3a   4x 5 
12 9
(i) (x – y ) (iii)   2  (iv)   
2 2 6
1
(ii) (2x + )12
2
x a x   5 2x 

13. In the following expressions write the terms as indicated

 x 3a 
12
(ii)   2 
1
(i) (2x + )12 10th term
2
9th term
x a x 

 3 x 3 
7
 4x 5 
9

(iii)    (iv)  2 
6 
th
6 term 4th term from the end
 5 2x  x

1
(v) (2x – 1th term from the end
)25 11
x2

14. Find the middle terms

 2x 2 3   3
20 7
   3x  x 
(i) 
2x 
(ii) 
6 
(iii) (1 + x)2n
 3 

15. Find the coefficient of following terms

 1  2 
40 10
(ii) x in  x   in  3 x  3 
a
(i) x in (2x – )20
10
1 2 7 –15
(iii) x
x  x  3x 

 2 1   1  1
9 n 8
(iv) x 9 in  x   (v) x m in  x   (vi) x 4 in (1 – 2x 3 + 3x 5)  1  
 3x   x  x

1 111
(viii) x 5 in (2x 2 – )20
1
(vii) x7 in (ax 2 + )
bx x
16. If the coefficient of 2nd, 3rd and 4th terms in the expansion of (1 + x) n are in A.P. then prove that 2n2
– 9n + 7 = 0.

 
 
 2 1
2n
 ( 2n )! 
17. If x p occurs in the expansion of  x   , prove that its coefficient is   4n  p   2n  p  
 x  3  !  3  !
    
[Ex.13/MATHEMATICS-XI/Page-36.13]

 2 3
11
18. Prove that there is no term involving x in the expansion of  2x  
6
, where r  0.
 x
[Ex.14/MATHEMATICS-XI/Page-36.13]

19. Find the coefficient of x 40 in the expansion of (1+2x+x 2)27.

[Ex.15/MATHEMATICS-XI/Page-36.13]
20. Find the coefficient of x 5 in the expansion of the product (1+2x)6 (1–x)7.
[Ex.16/MATHEMATICS-XI/Page-36.14]

21. In the binomial expansion of (1 + x)n, the coefficients of the fifth, sixth and seventh terms are in A.P.
Find all values of n for which this can happen.
[Ex.25/MATHEMATICS-XI/Page-36.18]

22. If the coefficients of a r–1 , a r, a r+1 in the binomial expansion of (1+a) n are in A.P., prove that
n2 – n (4r + 1) + 4r2 – 2 = 0. [Ex.26/MATHEMATICS-XI/Page-36.18]

23. If a1, a2, a3, a4 be the coefficients of four consecutive terms in the expansion of (1 + x)n, then prove that

 
a1 a3 2a 2
a1  a 2 a 3  a 4 a 2  a 3 . [Ex.27/MATHEMATICS-XI/Page-36.18]

 a 1 a 1 
10

Determine the term independent of a in the expansion of  2 / 3  

 a1/ 3  1 a  a1 / 2 
24. .
a

10 . 9 . 8 . 7
24
Ans. 10C4 = = 210

25. Find the greatest term in the expansion of (x + y)18 when x = 2, y = 1.

18
Ans. C6. 212.

 3x 
10

26. Given that the 4th term in the expansion of  2   has the maximum numerical value, find the
 8 
range of values of x for which this will be true.
 64   64 
x   ,  2  2, 
   21 
Ans.
21

1
27. If x = , find the greatest term in the expansion of (1 + 4x)8.
3
57344
243
Ans. 6th term, i.e.,

28. Prove that the greatest coefficient in the expansion of (1 + x)2n is double the greatest coefficient in the
expansion of (1 + x)2n – 1.
1 1
29. Coefficient of in the expansion of (1 + x)n (1 + )n is
x x
n! 2 n! n! 2 n!
(n  1)! (n  1)! (n  1)! (n  1)! (2n  1)! (2n  1)! (2n  1)! (2n  1)!
(A) (B*) (C) (D)

30. Which of the following expansion will have term containing x 2 ?

 1     3 1  3 1
25 24 23 22
  3  1 3      
5  2x 5 5  2x 5
(A)  x 5  2x 5  (B)  2x 5  x 5  (C)   (D*)  
       
x x
       

 100 Cm ( x  3)100m .2m

100
31. Coefficient of x 53 in the expansion is
m 0
(A) 100C
47 (B) 100C53 (C*) – 100 C
53 (D) – 100C100

32. Coefficient of x m in (1 + x)m + (1 + x)m+1 +................+ (1 + x)n, m < n is

(A*) n+1Cm+1 (B) n–1Cm–1 (C) nCm (D) nCm+1

33. The coefficient of x 5 in the expansion of (2 – x + 3x 2)6 is

 (A*) – 4692 (B) 4692 (C) 2346 (D) – 5052

34. If the coefficients of 2nd, 3rd and 4th terms in expansion of (1 + x)n are in AP, then the value of n is
(A) 2 (B*) 7 (C) 6 (D) 8

 x
n
35. If the coefficients of x7 & x8 in the expansion of  2   are equal, then the value of n is:
 3

(A) 15 (B) 45 (C*) 55 (D) 56

36. In the expansion of (1 + x)43 if the coefficients of the (2r + 1)th and the (r + 2)th terms are equal, the value
of r is :
(A) 12 (B) 13 (C*) 14 (D) 15

37. If it is known that the third term of the binomial expansion x  x log10 x  5
is 106 then x is equal to :
(A*) 10 (B*) 10 –5/2 (C) 100 (D) 5

 k 1 
3n

38. The binomial expansion of  x  2k  , n  N contains a term independent of x :

 x 
(A) only if k is an integer (B) only if k is a natural number
(C) only if k is rational (D*) for any real k.

 3x 
10
39. Find the set of values of ‘x’ for which 4th term is the greatest term in the expansion of  2   .
 8 

  64   64 
Ans. x   ,2  U  2, 
 21   21 

40. In the expansion of the binomial expression (x + a)15, if the 11th term is the geometric mean of 8th & 12th
terms, which term in the expansion is the greatest.
Ans. (T 8)

 2/ 3 1 
30

In the expansion of  x   , a term containing the power x 13 :

 x
41.

(A) does not exist

(B*) exists and the co-efficient is divisible by 29
(C*) exists and the co-efficient is divisible by 63
(D*) exists and the co-efficient is divisible by 65 .

42. If n be an even positive integer and the greatest term in the expansion of (1 + x)n have the greatest co
efficient then x lies between ______ .
n n 2
< x <
n2
[ Ans. : ]
n
[ Hint : n is even  nCr is greatest fo r = n/2
T r + 1 is numerically greatest
T r + 1  T r and T r + 1  T r + 2 ]

 1
n
x occurs in the expansion of  x 3  4 
 x 
r
43. provided :

(A) 2 n  r is divisible by 5 (B) 3 n  r is divisible by 5

(C) 2 n  r is divisible by 7 (D*) 3 n  r is divisible by 7
 3 x
n

If the 6 term in the expansion of   

2 3
th
44. when x = 3 is numerically greatest then the possible

integral value(s) of n can be :

(A) 11 (B*) 12 (C*) 13 (D*) 14

 3 2
n

If in the expansion of  x   , a term with the power x2 exists and ' n ' is a double digit number
 x
45.

, the least value of ' n ' is :

(A*) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 13

(C) Multinomial theorem.

46. The sum of the coefficients of the polynomial (1 + x – 3x 2)2143 is............... [Ans. –1]

47. Coefficient of x1001 in (1 – x)901 (1 + x + x2)900 is

(A) 900C50 (B*) 0 (C) 900C48 (D) 900C100

48. The coefficient of x 6 in the expansion (1 + x 2 – x 3)8 is

(A) 80 (B) 84 (C) 88 (D) 92

49. Co-efficient of x 15 in (1 + x + x 3 + x 4)n is: [3, –1]

   
5 5 5 3

5  r. 3  r.
(A*) nC nC (B) nC (C) nC (D) nC nC
3r 5r 3r 5r
r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0

 1 
2n

If  a   
1
50.  = p0an + p1an + 1 + p2an + 2 + ....... , where a  0, find p2.
 a 1 a  1
Ans. 8n2

51. If (1 + x+ + x 2)n = a0 + a1x + a2x 2 + a3x 3 + ....................+ a2nx 2n

show that a0a1 – a1a2 + a2a3 – a3a4 + .................. + a2n–1 a2n = 0

52. If (1 + x + x 2)n = a0 + a1x + a2x 2 + a3x 3 + ................. + a2nx 2n and r is an integer such that 0 < r < n then
show that a0a2r – a1a2r+1 + a2a2r+2 – a3a2r+3 + .................+ a2n–2r a2n = an+r

53. If (1 + 2x + 2x 2)n = a0 + a1x + a2x 2 + a3x 3 + .................... a2nx 2x show that

 0,
 C  If n is even
if n is odd
a0a2n– a1a2n–1 + ................................a2na0 = 2n

n
n/2

=  ax
np

If n  N and (1 + x +
r
54. x2 + ..............+ x p) n r then show that
r 0

If 0 < r < nP and r is not multiple of P + 1 then ar – nc 1 ar–1 + nC2ar–2 – -------------------- = 0

a
2n

55. If n is a positive integer and if (1 + x + x 2)n = r xr

r 0

prove that

(ii) a0 + a1 + a3 + .................– an–1 =

(3n – an)
1
(i) ar = a2n–r
2
56. Sum of coefficients in the expansion of (1 – 2x + y + z)n , (x, y, z are variable) is
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C*) 1 (D) 2n

 1
8

The co-efficient of x in the expansion of (1 - 2x + 3x )  1   is.

 x
3 5
57.

(A*) 154 (B) 153 (C) 155 (D) 145

58. If (1 + x + x 2)n = a0 + a1x + a2x 2 + ...... + a2n . x 2n then a0 + a3 + a6 + ...... =
(A) 3n (B*) 3n  1 (C) 0 (D) 3

59. Show that the coefficient of x 5 in the expansion (1 + x + x 2)15 is 3 16C4 + 16C5 .

[ Hint :  (1  x)  x  2 15
= (1 + x)15 + 15
C1 (1 + x)14 x 2 + 15
C2 (1 + x)13 x 4 + ......
coefficient of x 5 in (1 + x + x 2)15
= coeff. of x 5 in (1 + x)15 + 15 coeff. of x 3 in (1 + x)14 + 15C2
coeff. of x in (1 + x)13
1

= 15C5 + 15 . 14C3 + 15C2 . 13C1

15
15 . 14 . 13 . 12 . 4 15
= C5 + + C2 . 13
1. 2 . 3 . 4

15
15 . 14 . 13 . 3
= C5 + 4 . 15C4 + 15
C2 . 13 = 15
C5 + 4 . 15C4 +
1. 2 . 3

= 15
C5 + 4 . 15C4 + 3 . 15C3 = 16
C5 + 3  15
C4  15
C3 
16 16
= C5 + 3 . C4 ]

60. If (1 + px + x 2)n = 1 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + ...... + a2n . x 2n , prove that

1 + 3 a1 + 5 a2 + 7 a3 + ...... + (4n + 1) a2n = (2n + 1) (2 + p)n .
[ Solution : Differentiate given equation w.r.t. x
n (1 + px + x 2)n  1 (p + 2x) = a1 + 2 a2 x + 3 a3 x 2 + ...... + 2n a2n x 2n  1 .
Put x =1
n . (2 + p)n = a1 + 2 a2 + 3 a3 + ...... + 2n a2n ...........(A)
also (2 + p)n = 1 + a1 + a2 + a3 + ...... + a2n ...........(B)
2  A + B gives the result ]

61. The coefficient of the least prime number power of ‘x’ in the expansion of (2 + x – x 2)5 is
(A) 160 (B*) 0 (C) 20 (D) 60

(D) Application of Binomial Theorem.

62. If 1 + 99n, n being an odd positive integer greater than 1, is divisible by 10m, then largest m is equal to
(A*) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
63. Let n be a positive integer. Then of the following, the greatest term is:

 1  1  1  1
4n 3n 2n n
(A*) 1   (B) 1   (C) 1   (D)  1  
 4n   3n   2n   n 
64. The square of any odd number is of the form:
(A*) 8n + 1 (B) 6n + 1 (C*) 4n + 1 (D*) 2n + 1
65. In the decimal system of numeration the number of 6-digit numbers in which the sum of the digits is
divisible by 5 is-
(A*) 180000 (B) 540000 (C) 5 × 105 (D) none of these
n
66. If Cr is divisible by n then possible set of (n, r) is:
(A) (12, 8) (B) (20, 12) (C) (30, 15) (D*) (32, 15)

3 1 
20

67. In the expansion of  4  4  [5, –1]

 6
(A*) the number of irrational terms is 19 (B*) middle term is irrational
(C*) the number of rational terms is 2 (D*) 9th term is rational


If 9   [5, –1]
n
68. 80 =  + f where I , n are integers and 0 < f < 1 , then :
 (A*)  is an odd integer (B)  is an even integer

(C*) ( + f) (1 – f) = 1 
(D*) 1  f = 9  
n
80

69. The number of positive integral solutions of the equation 20  x + y + z  50 is : [3, – 1]

(A) 50C3 – 20C3 (B) 51C3 – 19C3 (C*) 50C3 – 19C3 (D) 51C3 – 21C3

70. Show that the integer just greater than  3  12m contain 2 m+1 as a factor..

71. The digit in the unit place of the number 183 ! + 3183 is
(A*) 7 (B) 6 (C) 3 (D) 0

72. The least (positive) remainder when 1730 is divided by 5 is

(A) 2 (B) 1 (C*) 4 (D) 3

73. If O be the sum of odd terms and E that of even terms in the expansion of (x + a)n than prove that
(i) O2 – E2 = (x 2 – a2)n (ii) 4OE = (x + a)2n – (x – a)2n
(iii) 2(O + E ) = (x + a) + (x – a)
2 2 2n 2n

74. Evaluate the following

(i) ( 2 + 1)6 + ( 2 – 1)6 (ii) (3 + 2 )5 – (3 – 2 )5
(iii) (2 + 3 )7 + (2 – 3 )7 (iv) ( 3 + 1)5 – ( 3 – 1)5

75. Write down the binomial expansion of (1 + x)n+1, when x = 8. Deduce that 9n+1 – 8n – 9 is divisible by 64,
where n is positive integer. [Ex.29/MATHEMATICS-XI/Page-36.20]

76. Using binomial theorem, prove that 6n – 5n always leaves the remainder 1 when divided by 25.
[Ex.30/MATHEMATICS-XI/Page-36.20]

77. If a and b are distinct integers, prove that an – bn is divisible by (a – b), whenever n  N.
[Ex.31/MATHEMATICS-XI/Page-36.20]

78. Let R = (5 5 + 11)2n + 1 and f = R – [R] where [ ]. denotes the greatest integral function. Prove that Rf
= 42n + 1.
Ans. 4 2n +1

79. Find the term which does not contain irrational expression in the expansion of (5 3  7 2 )24 .

24 !
Ans.
14! 10!

80. If n be a positive integer then prove that the integral part P of (5 + 2 6 )n is an odd integer. If f be the

– f.
1
fractional part of (5 + 2 6 )n, prove that P =
1 f

81. If (9 + 4 5 )n = p +  where n and p are positive integers and  is a positive proper fraction, prove that
(1 – ) (p + ) = 1.

82. Find (i) Last digit (ii) Last two digits (iii) Last three digits of 3100 [Ans. (i) 1 (ii) 01 (iii) 001]

83. Find the last three digits of 17256

  1 1 
55
 
84. The number of irrational term in the expansion of  2 5  3 10  is
 
 
(A) 47 (B) 56 (C*) 50 (D) 48

85. Show that the integer just greater than  3  12m contain 2 m+1 as a factor..
86. The last two digits of the number 3400 are :
(A) 81 (B) 43 (C) 29 (D*) 01
[ Hint : 3400 = 81100 = (1 + 80)100
= 100C0 + 100C1 80 + ....... + 100
C100 80100  Last two digits are 01 ]

9  
n
87. If 80 = 1 + f where I , n are integers and 0 < f < 1 , then :
(A*) I is an odd integer (B) I is an even integer

(D*) 1  f = 9   
n
(C*) (I + f) (1  f) = 1 80

 3 x3 
11
 log
In the expansion of  x  3.2 
2

 
88. :

(A) there appears a term with the power x 2

(B*) there does not appear a term with the power x 2
(C*) there appears a term with the power x 3
1
(D*) the ratio of the coefficient of x 3 to that of x 3 is
3

 
15

In the expansion of  3   3 2 
17
89. , the 11th term is a :
 4 
(A*) positive integer (B) positive irrational number
(C) negative integer (D) negative irrational number .

3 
2
17
+ 3 2 =   2 .
2 
[ Hint : Note that
4

  3 
15 15

Hence we have  3   2 =   2
3
  2 
]
2

90. Let Pn denotes the number of ways in which three people can be selected out of ' n ' people sitting in
a row , if no two of them are consecutive .
If, Pn + 1  Pn = 15 then the value of ' n ' is :
(A) 7 (B*) 8 (C) 9 (D) 10
[Hint : Pn = n  2C3 ; Pn + 1 = n  1C3 ;
Hence n  1C3  n  2C3 = 15
n2
C3 + n  2C2  n  2C3 = 15 or n  2C2 = 15  n=8  C]

91. Find the digit in the unit's place of the number 171999 + 111999  71999 .

92. Number of positive integral solutions of the equation 20  x + y + z  50 is :

(A) 50C3 – 20C3 (B) 51C3 – 19C3 (C*) 50C3 – 19C3 (D) 51C3 – 21C3

93. The number of triplets (a, b, c) such that a  b < c, where a, b, c  {1, 2, 3, ......... n} is
(A*) nC3 + nC2 (B*) n+1C3 (C) n–1C3 (D) n–1C2 + n–1C3
(E) Properties of Binomial cofficients

94. The sum of the coefficients of all the even powers of x in the expansion of (2x 2  3x + 1)11 is :
(A) 2 . 610 (B*) 3 . 610 (C) 611 (D) none

Sn 1 15
95. If Sn = nC0 . nC1 + nC1 . nC2 + ...... + nCn  1 . nCn and if = then n is equal to ______ .
Sn 4
[ Ans. : 2 or 4 ]
2n !
 n  1 !  n  1 !
[ Hint : C0 C1 + C1 C2 + ...... + Cn  1 Cn = 2nCn  1 =

2 n  2 ! Sn 1 4 n2  6 n  2 15
   n = 2 or 4 ]
n !  n  2 !
Sn + 1 = = =
Sn n  2n
2
4

96. aC0 + (a + b)C1 + (a + 2b)C2 + ...... + (a + nb) Cn is equal to

(A) (2a + nb) 2n (B*) (2a + nb)2n – 1 (C) (na + 2b) 2n (D) (na + 2b) 2n – 1
97. The coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x) (1 – x)n is
(A) n – 1 (B*) (– 1)n (1 – n) (C) (– 1)n – 1 (n – 1)2 (D) (– 1)n – 1 n.
98. If m, n, r are positive integers such that r < m, n then
m
Cr + mCr – 1 nC1 + mCr – 2 nC2 + .... + mC1 nCr – 1 + nCr equals
n 2
(A) ( Cr) (B*) m + nCr (C) m + nCr + mCr + nCr (D) None of these

x 1
If x = nCn–1 + n+1Cn–1 + ....... + 2n–1Cn–1 then
n 1
99. is

(A) an integer iff n is odd integer (B) an integer iff n is an even integer
(C) never integer (D*) always integer

n
If a0, a1, a2 ......... an are in A.P. with common difference d and Cr =   for r = 0, 1, 2 ...... n, prove that C0a20
r
100.

+ C1a21 + C2a22 + ........ + Cna2n = 2n–2 [(a0 + an)2 – nd2]

101. The value of the expression n + 1C2 + 2 (2C2 + 3C2 + 4C2 +...... + nC2) is ______.
n  n  1 2 n  1
[ Ans.: ]
6

102. In the expansion of (1 + x)n (1 + y)n (1 + z)n , the sum of the co-efficients of the terms of degree ' r ' is
:
3
(A) n Cr (B) 3. nCr (C*) 3n
Cr (D) 3 . 2nCr

1 x 1  2x 1  3x
1  nC 1 2  C3
1  nx 1  nx 1  nx3
103. + nC 2 n
+ ...... to (n + 1) terms simplifies to ______

[ Ans. : zero ]

1 x 1  2x 1  3x
[ Hint : 1  nC1 2  C3
1  nx 1  nx 1  nx3
+ nC 2 n
+ ...... (n + 1) terms

 2 . nC2 3 . nC3 
 n C1    
x

1  nx 1  nx 2
...... n terms
1  nx  

  
 1 
n
 n  1 C0    ......
n1 1 n1 1
= 1 
nx
 
1  nx2
C1 . C2 .
 1  nx  1  nx  1  nx 

n1
 1   1 
n

= 1 
nx
  1  
 1  nx  1  nx  1  nx 
=0]

104. Let Pm stand for mPm . Then the expression 1 . P1 + 2 . P2 + 3 . P3 + ...... + n . Pn = [3, –1]
(A*) (n + 1) !  1 (B) (n + 1) ! + 1 (C) (n + 1) ! (D) none
[ Hint : T n = n nPn = n . n ! = n ! ((n + 1)  1) = T n = (n + 1) !  n !
Now put n = 1, 2, 3, ...... n and add ]
105. Prove that the coefficient of x r in expansion of
[(r – 2)x 2 + nx – r] (1 + x)n is n.nCr–2 ; n  N. [4, 0]
Sol. Coefficient of x in [(r – 2)x + nx – r] (1 + x)n
r 2

= (r – 2) × coefficient x r–2 in (1 + x)n + n × coefficient of x r–1 in (1 + x)n

– r × coefficient of x r in (1 + x)n
= (r – 2) nCr–2 + n nCr–1 – r nCr
 n.n–1Cr–3 + n nCr–1 – n.n–1Cr–1
 n (n–1Cr–3 + n–1Cr–2 + n–1Cr–1 – n–1Cr–1)
 n. nCr–2

C0 C1 C2 C3 Cn
106. The value of – + – + .......... + (–1)n (n  1) . 3 is [3, –1]
1 .3 2.3 3 .3 4 .3

3 n 1 1
n 1 3(n  1)
(A) (B) (C*) (D) none of these
3
107. If C0, C1, C2, ..........Cn are the Binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n. n being even, then C0
+ (C0 + C1) + (C0 + C1 + C2) + ......... + (C0 + C1 + C2 + ......... + Cn–1) is equal to [3, –1]
(A) n . 2n (B*) n . 2n–1 (C) n . 2n–2 (D) n . 2n–3

108. The sum of: 3.nC0  8.nC1 + 13.nC2  18.nC3 +.... upto (n+1) terms is [3, –1]
(A*) zero (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) none of these

  b ( x  3)
2n 2n
109. If a r ( x  2)r  r
r
& ak = 1 for all k  n, then show that bn = 2n+1 C
n+1. [6, 0]
r 0 r 0

a
n4
110. Let (1+x²)². (1+x)n = K .x
K
. If a1, a2 & a3 are in AP, find n. [6, 0]
K0

Ans. n = 3 or 4

 100   200   100   200   100   200  n

111. The value of     +     + .......... +     is , where nCr =   [3, –1]
 0   150   1   151   50   200  r 

 300   100   200   200 

2

(A*)   (B)   ×   (C)   (D) none of these

 50   50   150   150 

 10 10   10 CK 
 Cr   

10

The value of the expression  ( 1)K is – [3, –1]

112.   2K 
 r 0   K 0
(A) 210 (B) 220 (C*) 1 (D) 25

 
n  2r
n n
1
113. If an = n , the value of n is [3, –1]
r 0 Cr r 0 Cr
 n 1
(A) a (B) a (C) nan (D*) 0
2 n 4 n

1n 2 3 4 ( 1)n  1n 1
C1 nC2+ nC3 nC4 +..... + . nC n= n  1
n1
114. Prove that, [6, 0]
2 3 4 5

( 4n  1) !
Prove that, (2nC1)²+ 2. (2nC2)² + 3. (2nC3)² +... + 2n. (2nC2n)² =
{(2n  1) ! } 2
115. [6, 0]

116. If (1+x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x² +..... + Cn x n, then show that:

C3
(1  x)² +
C2 1
C1 (1x)  (1  x)3 ........ + ( 1)n1 (1  x)n
2 3 n

1
(1  x²) + (1  x 3) +........ + (1  x n)
1 1
= (1  x) +
2 3 n
117. If C0 , C1 , C2 , ...... are the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n , prove that

( 1) n Cn  1 
 2  2 + ........ +
1
1    ........ 
C0 C1 C2 1 1
(n  1)   
n  1
=

2
1 2 3 n 1 2 3

118. If C0, C1, C2,.....Cn denote the coefficients in the binomial expansion of (1 + x)n, prove that
(i) C1 + 2C2 + 3C3 +....+ nCn = n.2n–1 [Ex.1/MATHEMATICS-XI/Page-36.26]

 r . C
n n
i.e. r . C = n . 2n–1 or = n . 2n–1
r 1 r 0
r r

(ii) C0 + 2C1 + 3C2 +...+ (n+1) Cn = (n+2) . 2n–1.

(iii) C0 + 3C1 + 5C2 +...+ (2n+1)Cn= (n+1). 2n.

119. If C0, C1, C2, ...,Cn denote the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1+x)n, then prove that
(i) aC0 + (a + b) C1+ (a + 2b)C2 +...+ (a + nb) Cn = (2a + nb)2n–1
(ii) C3 + 2C4 + 3C5 +...+ (n – 2) Cn =(n – 4)2n–1 + n + 2, where n  3
[Ex.2/MATHEMATICS-XI/Page-36.27]
120. If C0, C1, C2, ...Cn denote the binomial coeffieicnts in the expansion of (1+x)n, prove that :
(i) C0 – C1 + C2 – C3 +...+ (–1) nCn = 0
(ii) C1 – 2C2 + 3C3 – 4C4 +...+ n(–1)n–1 Cn = 0
(iii) a – (a – 1) C1 +(a–2) C2 – (a – 3) C3 +...+ (–1) n(a – n) Cn = 0
(iv) aC0 – (a + d) C1 + (a + 2d) C2 – (a + 3d) C3 +...+ (–1)n (a + nd) Cn = 0
(v) C0 – 22C1 + 32C2 – 42C3 +...+ (–1)n (n + 1) 2Cn = 0, n > 0
[Ex.4/MATHEMATICS-XI/Page-36.29]
121. If C0, C1, C2,...Cn–1, Cn denote the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n, prove that:
n(n  1)
 2 . 2  3 . 3  ...  n . n 
C1 C C C
(i) C0 C1 C2 Cn1 2

C0 C1C 2 ...Cn1(n  1)n

(ii) (C0 + C1) (C1 + C2) (C2 + C3) (C3 + C4) ... (Cn–1 + Cn) =
n!
[Ex.5/MATHEMATICS-XI/Page-36.31]

122. If C0, C1, C2, ..., Cn denote the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n, prove that

2n1  1
C0    ...  n 
C1 C 2 C
(i) [Ex.7/MATHEMATICS-XI/Page-36.33]
2 3 n 1 n 1

C0     ...  ( 1)n n 
C1 C 2 C 3 C 1
n 1 n 1
(ii)
2 3 4
123. Prove that the coefficient of x r in the expansion of (x + 3)n – 1 + (x + 3)n – 2. (x + 2) + (x + 3)n – 3 (x + 2)2 +
............. + (x + 2)n – 1 is (3n – r – 2n – r). nCr.
Ans. (3n – r – nn – r). nCr

 a ( x  2)  b ( x  3)
2n 2n

and ak = 1 for all k  n then show that bn =

r r
2n + 1
124. If r = r C n + 1.
r 0 r 0
2n + 1
Ans. bn = C n + 1.

125. Evaluate
 1 

n
3r 7r 15r
( 1)r .nC  r  2r  3r  4r  .......... ...to m terms .
r 2 
r 0  2 2 2

2 mn  1
2 ( 2 n  1)
mn
Sol.

126. Prove that

n
C0 – 22 . nC1 + 32. nC2 – .................... + (– 1)n (n + 1)2. nCn = 0, n  2.

 1
n
127. The sum of the binomial coefficients in the expansion of  x 2   os 1024. Find the coefficient of x111 in
 x
the binomial expansion.
Ans. 120
128. Let ‘k’ and ‘n’ be positive integers and SK = 1K + 2K + 3K + 4K + 5K + ........................ + nK
show that
m + 1C S + m+1C S + m+1C S + .................+ m + 1 C S m+1 – (n + 1)
1 1 2 2 3 3 m m = (n + 1)

 1
 n Cr 
 (2)
 n  1 if n is even
n
 

r
129. Shwo that  r 2 C  =
r 0  r   1 if n is odd
 n2

q1  q  1  q  1
2 n

130. Given that Sn = 1 + q + q2 +....+ qn and n = 1 + +   + ...+   ,q1

2  2   2 
prove that
n+1C
1 + n+1C
2S 1 + n+1C
3S 2 + ..............+ n+1C
n+1Sn = 2n n

 1 x   1  2x   1  3x 
– nC 1   + nC   – nC   +..................= 0
131. nC
 1  nx   (1  nx )2  3  (1  nx )3 
   
0 2

132. If b1, b2, b3,.................bn are in G.P. with common ratio r (r  0) then prove that
nC b + nC b + nC b + ..............+ nC b
1 1 2 2 3 3 n n
= b1 + b1 (1 + r) + b1(1 + r)2 + ................+ b1(1 + r)n–1

133. Prove that

(i) C20 – C12 + C22 – C23 + ....................+ (–1)n Cn2 = 0 {n is odd}

(ii) C20 + C12 + C22 + C23 + ....................+ Cn2 = 2n

Cn

Show that  C
n
3
134. r is equal to the coefficient of x nyn in the expansion of ((1+x) (1 + y) (x + y))n
r 0

135. If (1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1 x + nC2x 2 + .............nCnx n, (x  N)

 
 n 
n 2
K 3  CK  1
show that   = n (n + 1)2 (n + 2)
 CK 1 
n
K 1 12

(2n – 1)! (n  2)
136. Prove that C02 + 2C12 + 3C22 + ................. + (n + 1) Cn2 = (n  1)! n!

137. If C0, C1, C2, .......Cn denote the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n, then prove that

(i) C1 + 23. C2 + 33. C3 + .............+ n3. Cn = n2 (n + 3) .2n–3

(ii) ab. C0 – (a – 1) (b – 1). C1 + (a – 2) (b – 2). C2 .......... + (–1)n (a – n) (b – n). Cn = 0

C1 C2 Cn 4n1  1
3C0 + 32. + 33 . + .................+ 3n+1.
n 1
(iv) =
2 3 n 1

(v) 1.C0 + 3C1 + 7.C2 + 13.C3 + .................to (n + 1) terms = (n2 + 3n + 4)2n–2

C0 C1 C2 Cn 3n 2  2n  5
(n  1)(n  2)
2 3 4 n+2
(n  1)(n  2)
(vi) .2 + .2 + 2 + ................. + 2 =
1.2 2.3 3 .4

(vii) C1 + 33. C3 + 53. C5+ ................ = 23. C2 + 43. C4 + ................. = n2(n + 3)2n–4 .

138. If C0, C1, C2,.................Cn denote the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n, then evaluate.
(i) C0 + C3 + C6 + ....................

(ii) C0 + C4 + C8 + .................

(iii) C0 + 22. C1 + 32. C2 + ................+ (n + 1)2. Cn

C0 C1 C2 Cn
n2
(iv) + + + ............... + .
2 3 4

139. The number of values of ' r ' satisfying the equation ,

39
C3 r 1  39
Cr 2 = 39
Cr2 1
 39
C3 r is :

(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

[ Hint : r = 3 or 5 ; r = 0 is not possible ]


n
2n
140. Find the sum of the series , (r + 1) Cr .
r  0

 (3)
k
r 1 3n
3n
141. Prove that . C2r - 1 = 0 where k = and n is even positive integer .
r 1
2


4n

142. Prove that ( 1) r 1 8nC =0.

2r  1

r 1

143. Prove that the coefficient of x r in expansion of [(r – 2)x 2 + nx – r] (1 + x)n is n.nCr–2 ; n  N.

Sol. Coefficient of x r in [(r – 2)x 2 + nx – r] (1 + x)n

= (r – 2) × coefficient x r–2 in (1 + x)n + n × coefficient of x r–1 in (1 + x)n
– r × coefficient of x r in (1 + x)n
 = (r – 2) nCr–2 + n nCr–1 – r nCr
 n.n–1Cr–3 + n nCr–1 – n.n–1Cr–1
 n (n–1Cr–3 + n–1Cr–2 + n–1Cr–1 – n–1Cr–1)
 n. nCr–2

n1

n
Cr
C r  n Cr  1
144. n =
r0

n n1 n n ( n  1)
2 ( n  1)
(A*) (B) (C) (n + 1) (D)
2 2 2
n1
r 1
[ Hint : LHS =  n1
]
r0

145. If 28C2r : 24C2r - 4 = 225 : 11 , then :

(A) r = 24 (B) r = 14 (C*) r = 7 (D) none

(F) Binomial Theorem for negative or fractional indices

146. In the binomial expansion of (1 + x)n, the coefficients of the fifth, sixth and seventh terms are in A.P.
Find all values of n for which this can happen. [6, 0]
Ans. 7 or 14

147. Given that the term of the expansion (x 1/3  x 1/2)15 which does not contain x is 5 m where m  N, then m
= [3, –1]
(A) 1100 (B) 1010 (C*) 1001 (D) none

148. 
The value of 52  6 43 3/2

 52  6 43 
3/2
is

(A*) 828 (B) 882 (C) 248 (D) 842

149. The co-efficient of x 401 in the expansion of , (1 + x + x 2 + ...... + x 9) 1 is : (x < 1)

(A) 1 (B*)  1 (C) 2 (D)  2

150. The remainder of 7103 when divided by 25 , is _______ .