Lecture3 Serviceability
Lecture3 Serviceability
CIV2226
Dr. Ye Lu
Lecture #3 (week 4)
Previously on this topic…
Strength Check
Rd >= Ed (Design capacity >= Design action effects)
Rd = φ Ru
Ed =1.2 G + 1.5 Q
Serviceability Check
Long term load, Ed = G + ψl Q
Short term load, Ed = G + ψs Q
Simplified Method for Continuous Beams
tf
d
D
Ast
bw
bef : Effective width of flange
bw : Width of web
b =bef = bw
Ast : Area of tensile reinforcement
tf : Thickness of flange
D: Overall depth
d: Effective depth (from extreme compression fibre to resultant tensile force)
Review of Beam in Bending
A. b*h*d
h
B. b*h*d/2
h/2
C. b*h*d/4
d N.A.
Review of Beam in Bending
b
Which one is correct for I = ?
I: Second Moment of Area
A. b*h3/8 h N.A.
B. b*h3/12 h/2
C. b*h3/6
I = b*h3/12+b*h*d2
h
h/2
d N.A.
Review of Beam in Bending
ε σ
y
N.A.
ε σ
Stress and strain distribution
UDL: w
EI
∆=?
Simply Supported Beam
Mid-Span Deflection:
a) uncracked
b) cracked
N.A.
dn
D d
n Ast
Ast
dn
D d
εst σst
εct σct
Ast n Ast (n-1) Ast
st n
2 2
D
bD × + ( n − 1) A st d
dn = 2
bD + ( n − 1) A st
Calculate Ig
2
1 D
Ig = bD 3 + bD d n − + ( n − 1) Ast ( d − d n ) 2
12 2
b εc σc
dn
D d
εst σst
εct σct
Ast n Ast (n-1) Ast
σc =
Md n M (D − dn )
Calculate stress σ ct =
Ig Ig
ε st d − d n σ st E s d − d n
=
=
ε ct D − d n σ ct E c D − d n
M (d − d n )
σ st = n
Ig
d
D
jd=d-kd/3
C
εst σst
1
b d n = n A st ( d − d n ) dn = kd ; p = Ast/bd
2
Determine the N.A.
2
1 d 1
I cr = bd n + bd n ( n ) 2 + n Ast ( d − d n ) 2 = bd n + n Ast ( d − d n ) 2
3 3
Calculate Icr
12 2 3
M dn ε st d − d n σ st E s d − d n M (d − d n )
Calculate stress σc = = = σ st = n
I cr εc dn σ c Ec d n I cr
Doubly Reinforced Fully Cracked Section
M dn
σc =
b (n-1) Asc I cr
M (d n − d sc )
dsc σ sc = n
I cr
Asc dn=kd
d
D
M (d − d n )
σ st = n σ c = n
I cr
Ast n Ast
1
b d n + ( n − 1) Asc ( d n − d sc ) = n Ast ( d − d n )
2
Determine the N.A.
2
1
I cr = bd n + n Ast ( d − d n ) 2 + ( n − 1) Asc ( d n − d sc ) 2
3
Calculate Icr
3
Stiffness (EI) Change with Bending Moment
EIcr
EIg
EIcr
EIg
12 2 3
b b
dn=kd
D d
n Ast
Ast
2
1 D
Ief < Ig I g = bD 3 + bD d n − + (n − 1) Ast ( d − d n ) 2
12 2
b
D d
Ast n Ast
Effective Ief
Ig,
Ig,
0.6Ig,
dn=kd
Ast / bw d
3.1.7.2
g
Short Term Deflection (Mid-Span)
Short term load, w = G + ψs Q
Continuous beam:
Continuous beam
Mm
Stiffness (EI) Change with Location
The EI value will vary along the length of a beam because of different
bending moments.
AS3600 p114 or Textbook p108
Ec: the concrete elastic modulus, bef: the effective width of the flange (Textbook P141)
≤
Fd,ef = effective design load per unit length, taken as:
= (1.0 + kcs) G + (ψs + kcs ψl) Q for total deflection
or
= kcs G + (ψs + kcs ψl) Q for additional deflection, which
occurs after the addition or attachment of partitions.
kcs = Long term deflection factor
∆ / Lef = deflection limit
Crack Control of Beams
1) Check reinforcement ratio (Clause 8.6)
A D
2
f ct' , f
OR p = st ≥ p min = α b
bw d d f sy
c s
bw
c <=100 mm
s <=300 mm
Crack Control of Beams
3) Check tension stress in bars
C
jd
Ms = T j d = Ast fst jd
fst = Ms / (Ast jd) < the larger stress from tables 8.6.1 (a) and (b)
Ms is determined by short term load (G + 0.7 Q )
Assume j ≈ 0.9
3) Check tension stress in bars
3) Check tension stress in bars
Serviceability Design - Summary
• Step 1: Locate neutral axis
• Step 2: Define Icr and Ig
• Step 3: Define Ief with Mcr
• Step 4: Determine serviceability load combinations
(short term and long term)
• Step 5: Serviceability check
Serviceability Design - Summary