Soybean Oil

SOYBEAN
Scientific name: Glycine max

Common name: Soybean
It comes from the Fabaceae family and its edible seed. The soybean is economically
the most important bean in the world as it provide vegetable protein for millions people and
become ingredients for hundreds of chemical products. The origin of this tree is in China.
The soybean is an erect branching plant and can reach more than 2 metres (6.5 feet)
in height. The self-fertilizing flowers are white or a shade of purple. Seeds can be yellow,
green, brown, black, or bicoloured, though most commercial varieties have brown or tan
seeds, with one to four seeds per pod. In the United States the majority of soybean crops
are genetically modified for resistance to the herbicide glyphosate. The soybean may be
cultivated in most types of soil, but it thrives in warm, fertile, well-drained, sandy loam. The
crop is planted after all danger of frost is past.
Soybeans are usually harvested mechanically, after the leaves have fallen off the
plant and the moisture content of the seed has dropped to 13 percent, permitting safe
storage. Like other legumes, the plant adds nitrogen to the soil by means of nitrogen-fixing
bacteria and historically has been an important soil-enriching crop, though this practice is
not common in most industrial agriculture systems.
SOYBEAN OIL
Soybean oil which known as Glycine max is a vegetable oil that extracted from the
seed of the soybean. It’s one of the most common oil that been used in cooking and widely
been used on United States. Almost all margarines and shortening contains soybean oil and
also frequently used in mayonnaise, salad dressing, frozen food, imitation dairy and meats
product.
Soybean oil has a little flavour, which is an advantage because it won’t interfere with
the taste of the food. It’s also have natural taste and nearly imperceptible odour support
and enhance the natural flavours of prepared food.
Besides, soybean oil works well with other ingredients including other fats and oils,
making it very suitable for use in salad dressings, sauces and baked goods. Soybean oil also
available with AOM (active oxygen method) stability levels ranging from 15 to over 300
hours, and it is a proven performer in the wide range of applications required by snack food
manufacturers, bakeries, foodservice providers and more.
Liquid soybean oil is used in 100 percent formulations for cooking oil and to create
mayonnaise, salad dressings and sauces. It can turn two ounces of olive oil into a whole pint
of flavoured oil for dressings. The distinctive olive oil aroma will be evident, even though the
bulk of the dressing's oil component comes from inexpensive soybean oil.
Compared to other vegetable oils, soybean oil has good emulsifying ability, making it the
first choice of the general food industry.
Relationship between Soybean Oil towards the health.
Soybean oil has many benefits especially on health. Let’s take a close on their benefits:
 It can control the cholesterol levels.
Soybean oil can seriously decrease the chances of getting atherosclerosis and other
heart conditions such as heart attacks and strokes. The good balance of fatty acid that
have in soybean oil means that our body can get necessity fatty acid in diet including
those which regulate cholesterol levels. Omega-3 fatty acids can reduce dangerous
cholesterol levels and counteract the negative impact.
In addition, the other fatty acids like stearic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid are also
found in balanced quantities. The fatty acid composition of soybean oil, as well as the
powerful plant sterols, such as β-sit sterol, can actually cause a reduction in cholesterol
storage in the gut by 10-15% – not what you normally expect to hear from a ‘fatty’ acid.
 It can treat Alzheimer
Alzheimer is one of the terrible disease that affects millions of people around the world.
This disease will result in the cognitive deterioration of a person’s brain as neural
connections fail and die, thereby making everything from remembering the past to
performing simple tasks a challenge.
So, soybean oil which contain impressively high level of vitamin K, has been consistently
connected with improving the symptoms of Alzheimer’s and even reversing the effect in
some cases. The vitamin K will acts as an antioxidant against free radicals, keeping them
from damaging the neural cell in our body.
 Can Boost Bone Health
Vitamin K also have another important function which is osteotrophic potential that can
stimulate the promote healing of bones. While this is often associated with calcium,
vitamin K (which have plenty in soybean) can also stimulate bine development in a very
positive way. If we want to prevent condition like osteoporosis, we can consume
Soybean oil which is often a natural result of the aging process.
 Improves Vision
Omega-3 fatty acids, which make up to 70% of the total fatty acid content in soybean oil
can helps to protect the cell membranes. This includes the very fragile and dangerous
area of the skin and eyes, which are common entrance points for bacteria and other
foreign materials. The omega-3s also promote better vision by acting as antioxidants and
neutralizing free radicals that can cause macular degeneration and cataracts.
 Skin Care
The high content of Vitamin E in soybean oil can acts as a powerful antioxidant while
similarly protecting the skin from damage caused by free radicals. Vitamin E also can
directly associated with improving the appearances of blemishes, reducing acne
scarring, protecting the skin against the sunburn, and stimulating the regrowth of new
skin cells to promote healing. It’s also associated with general antioxidant activity in the
rest of the body, which boosts the immune system and helps eliminate free radicals that
cause certain conditions like cancer, premature aging, cognitive disorders and heart
diseases.
EXTRACTION PROCESS OF SOYBEAN OIL
There are two methods of soybean oil production, one is mechanical way, which is a
traditional method that use screw press machine to squeeze oil out from seeds and
kernels; the other way is chemical method that extract oil with solvents. Both two oil
production methods have advantages and disadvantages. The previous one is natural
and healthy but the oil yield is much lower, however, oil yield of the solvent extraction
method is much higher.
To produce soybean oil, the soybeans are cracked, adjusted for moisture content,
heated to between 60 and 88 ºC (140–190 °F), rolled into flakes, and solvent-extracted
with hexanes. The oil is then refined, blended for different applications, and sometimes
hydrogenated.
Soybean Oil Production Process
Cleaning Section of Soybean Oil Production:

The soybeans are first cleaned, dried and dehulled prior to oil extraction. The soybean
hulls needs to be removed because they absorb oil and give a lower yield. This de-hulling
is done by cracking the soybeans and a mechanical separation of the hulls and cracked
soybeans. Magnets are used to separate any iron from the soybeans.
The soybeans are also heated to about 75°C to coagulate the soy proteins to make the
oil extraction easier.
Extraction Section of Soybean Oil Production:

First the soybeans are cut in flakes which are put in a percolation extractors and
immerged with a solvent, normally hexane. Counter flow is used as extraction system
because it gives the highest yield. After removing the hexane, the extracted flakes only
contain about 1% of soybean oil and is used as livestock meal or to produce food
products such as soy protein. The hexane is separated from the soybean oil in
evaporators. The evaporated hexane is recovered and returned to the extraction
process. The hexane free crude soybean oil is then further purified.
Solvent Extraction Workshop View:

Purification Section of Soybean Oil Production:
The crude soybean oil still contains many oil-insoluble and oil-soluble impurities that
needs to be removed. The oil-insoluble material are removed with filtration and the
soluble materials is removed with different processes including degumming (removing
of phosphatides), oil refining (washing with alkaline solution to remove free fatty acids,
colorants, insoluble matter and gums) and bleaching (with activated earth or activated
carbon to remove colour and other impurities.
Refining Workshop View
Hydrogenation Section of Soybean Oil Production (optional):

This process will increase the stability of the soybean oil and will make it less liquid.
However, this process will create more saturated fats and will reduce the favourable
unsaturated fats. In addition, trans fats are produced which can cause health problems.
Hydrogenated soybean oil is used in foods that require more solid fat such as
margarines.
Examples of Soybean Products
Soybean oil Soy Milk

Tofu that come from Soybeans Cosmetic product based on Soybeans
Soy Candle Soy Shampoo
Side effects of Soybean Oil

Beware of soy allergy, which can also happen in very young infants fed soy-based formula.
Allergic reactions may also manifest when consuming the oil.
Through the risks and negative effects, these people better off avoiding soybean oil and
other vegetable oils for cooking, as well as totally eliminating processed foods from their
diet. This way we can avoid dangerous fats of all kinds, mostly trans-fat coming from
partially hydrogenated soybean oil.
These are example of side effects that the people might get when they consuming
soybeans.
1. Allergy
2. Breast cancer
3. Prostate cancer
4. Gout
The Economics of Soybean

During 1700 in Europe, Soybean become one of the important beans in the world
which provide both oil and protein. Due to its importance in the food industry, soybean
become an investable asset and be trade in the future contracts. China and Japan become
the leading importers while United States, Brazil and Argentina become the leads in
exporting the soybean.
Two products been produced by soybean which are soybean meal and soybean oil.
Each of these product have their own supply and demand market. When trading soybeans,
they usually use term “crush spread”. This “crush spread” contract enable the trader to
purchase one contract of soybeans and sell one contract of soybean oil and one contract of
soybean meal. Its enables the trader to hedge against supply and demand factors.
Soybean price have steadily increase since 2000 and the price was affected by many
factors. First of all, since the US is a leading producer of soybean, a higher dollar value
lowers the expected exports because importers will have to pay a higher price. This in turn
leads to weaken soybean prices. Crude oil prices also affect soybean prices. This correlation
between crude oil and soybean is growing continuously with the growing importance of
soybean in the biofuel sector. The relationship between these two commodities is positive.
Therefore, high crude oil prices are favourable for soybean prices, due to the profitability of
biofuel production.
Soybean also have an impact on other grains such as, an increase in soybean price
can give negative impact to other grains. It’s a substitute good for corn and wheat. Thus,
soybean will affects their supply and demand chains, which in turn affect the global grain
system.

Soybean Oil

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SOYBEAN

Scientific name: Glycine max

 It can treat Alzheimer

EXTRACTION PROCESS OF SOYBEAN OIL

Cleaning Section of Soybean Oil Production:

Extraction Section of Soybean Oil Production:

Solvent Extraction Workshop View:

Refining Workshop View

Hydrogenation Section of Soybean Oil Production (optional):

Examples of Soybean Products

Soybean oil Soy Milk

Soy Candle Soy Shampoo

Side effects of Soybean Oil

The Economics of Soybean

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