Experimental Study On Pollution Control Concrete

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018 ISSN 2278-6856
Experimental Study On Pollution Control

Concrete
T.Subramani1, S.Sekar2, Kuriakose saji 3, Syam gopalakrishnan4, A.Arul prakash 5
1
Professor & Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation
(Deemed to be University), Salem, TamilNadu, India.
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation
3,4,5
UG Students, , Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation
Abstract: Our study involves experimental investigation of should be located so that contaminated storm water and
concrete by replacement of cement with TIO2 and charcoal process wastewater can be retained on-site.
powder. Now-a-days CO2 emission is greater in the atmosphere,
it creates harmful effects. The manufacturing of cement process Potential pollutants in batching plant wastewater include
emits large amount of CO2. Due to this reason we decided to cement, sand, aggregate sand petroleum products. These
reduce cement content up to 35% by adding the mineral
substances can adversely affect the environment by:
admixtures like TIO2 and Charcoal powder. We use M30 grade
of concrete. It is the result of cutting, drilling wood. It is  Increasing soil and water pH
composed of fine particles of wood, certain animals, birds and  Increasing the turbidity of waterways
insects which live in wood such as carpenter are also responsible (turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of a
for producing the wooden dust. In this paper main objective is to suspension).
study the partial replacement of the charcoal powder and  Increased turbidity results in less light
titanium dioxide with the varying proportion in the concrete and entering an aquatic environment. This in turn
to check the different properties of the concrete by comparing
affects the rate of photosynthesis by plants,
with the normal concrete. The replacement of cement with
certain charcoal powder and Tio2in concrete that makes the and reduces the visibility of aquatic
structure more light in weight. The workability, strength and test organisms. Turbidity can also clog fish gills,
are studied in this paper. The most important properties of smother bottom feeding flora and fauna and
concrete is the compressive strength. Also, increasing the generally decrease the amenity of an area.
charcoal powder in corporation caused decreases in unit
weights and compressive strength values of mortars with a 2. METHODOLOGY
parallel increase in water absorption values at all ages. The
Figure 1. Shows the methodology adopted in this study
replacement of cement with charcoal powder and Tio2gives the
properties and all the benefits in the actual production of
concrete.
1. INTRODUCTION
In many countries sources of natural sand for use as an
aggregate in construction are becoming scarce as sand pits
are exhausted and environmental legislation prevents
dredging. This is driving the need to source alternative
aggregates, such as those from construction and demolition
waste. One possible source of construction aggregate is
sand that has been manufactured from the surplus material
(crusher dust) that results when coarse aggregate is
produced in hard rock quarries. Coarse aggregate
production typically yields 25% to 45% crusher dust
depending on the parent rock, crushing equipment and
crushing conditions. Concrete batching plants must be
located in an area where they will not pose a hazard to the
environment or the amenity of the local community. Highly
alkaline wastewater, dust emissions and noise are the key
potential impacts associated with concrete batching plants.
These problems need to be considered when planning new
operations and major upgrades of existing sites. Plants Figure 1 Methodology
Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018 Page 149

3. MATERIAL COLLECTION  Specific Gravity:- Light Weight, Normal Weight

And Heavy Weight Aggregates.
3.1 Cement  Availability :-Natural Gravel and Crushed
Ordinary Portland cement was chosen so that the influence Aggregates.
of Tuticorin thermal power plant fly ash could be studied  Shape :- Round, Cubical, Angular,
without any other intervention. The 53 grade ordinary Elongated and Flaky
portland cement was chosen because of its greater fineness Aggregates.
which would have effective hydration and also secondary  Texture :- Smooth, Granular, Crystalline,
hydration. The properties of cement during hydration vary Honey combed and Porous.
according to:
 Chemical composition Conventional Coarse Aggregate from an established quarry
 Degree of fineness was used. The coarse aggregates used were of size 20 mm
and 10 mm. Demolished concrete from an old building at
It is possible to manufacture different types of cement by Diamond Park, Visakhapatnam was the source for recycled
changing the percentages of their raw materials. The raw coarse aggregate. The grade of source concrete was M15
materials used in the manufacture of Portland cement and was with coarse aggregate of basalt origin with 20mm
consist mainly of lime, silica, alumina and iron oxide. The down size. Demolished concrete was transported to
oxides account for over 90% of the cement. The oxide Strength of Materials lab of Civil Engineering Department
composition of (ordinary) Portland cement. where it was broken manually. Broken aggregates were
sieved through standard sieves to obtain the aggregates of
3.2 Use of Aggregate 20 mm and 10 mm size. Utmost care has been taken to
 Reduce the cost of the concrete – 1/4 - 1/8 of the minimize the adhered mortar to the aggregates. No
cement price. specimens from testing laboratory of S.M lab were used as
 Reduce thermal cracking – 100 kg of OPC concrete made with aggregates obtained from such
produces about 12oC temperature rise. specimens yield aggregates with high content of adhered
mortar. The percentage usage of coarse aggregates in the
 Reduces shrinkage – 10% reduction in aggregate
production of concrete was 60%, 40% for 20 mm and 10
volume can double shrinkage.
mm respectively.
 High aggregate : cement ratio (A/C) desirable
 A/C mainly influenced by cement content 3.5 Water
 Imparts unit weight to concrete The water used for experiments was potable water. Water is
an important ingredient of concrete as it actively
3.3 Fine Aggregate participates in the chemical reaction with cement. It should
Aggregates generally occupy 65- 80% of a concrete’s be free from organic matter and the pH value should be
volume. Aggregates are inert fillers floating in the cement between 6 to 7.
paste matrix for concretes of low strength. The strength of
aggregates do not contribute to the strength of concrete for 3.6 Titanium Dioxide
low strength concrete. The characteristics of aggregates Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a white solid inorganic
impact performance of fresh and hardened concrete. substance that is thermally stable, non-flammable, poorly
soluble.TiO2, the oxide of the metal titanium, occurs
3.3.1 Absorption, Porosity, and Permeability naturally in several kinds of rock and mineral sands.
The internal pore characteristics are very important Titanium is the ninth most common element in the earth’s
properties of aggregates. The size, the number, and the crust. TiO2 is typically thought of as being chemically
continuity of the pores through an aggregate particle may inert. The light passes through the crystal slowly and its
affect the strength of the aggregate, abrasion resistance, path is substantially altered compared to air. If you have
surface texture, specific gravity, bonding capabilities, and many small particles orientated in different directions, a
resistance to freezing and thawing action. Absorption high refractive index will lead to the scattering of light as
relates to the particle's ability to take in a liquid. not much light passes through. In lenses, high refractive
index means high clarity and high polarising power.
Porosity is a ratio of the volume of the pores to the total Titanium dioxide has a higher refractive index than
volume of the particle. Permeability refers to the particle's diamond and there are only a few other substances that
ability to allow liquids to pass through. If the rock pores are have a higher refractive index. Cinnabar (mercury sulphide)
not connected, a rock may have high porosity and low is an example. Historically, cinnabar was used as a red
permeability. pigment. Figure 2 shows the titanium dioxide of the study.
3.4 Coarse Aggregate
3.4.1 Aggregate Classification
 Size :- Coarse Aggregates & Fine
Aggregates.

property only when water is mixed with it. The chemical

reaction that takes place between cement and water is
referred as hydration of cement. When Portland cement is
mixed with water, its constituent compounds undergo a
series of chemical reactions that are responsible for the
eventual hardening of concrete. Reactions with water are
designated as hydration, and the new solids formed on
hydration are collectively referred to as hydration products.
This involves the replacement of water that separates
individual cement grains in the fluid paste with solid
hydration products that form a continuous matrix and bind.
Figure 2 Titanium dioxide The calcium silicates provide most of the strength
developed by Portland cement. C3S provides most of the
3.7 Charcoal early strength (in the first three to four weeks) and both
Charcoal is a highly porous and brittle material which C3S and C2S contribute equally to ultimate strength.
properties are determined by the condition of the
carbonization process and used raw materials. Nowadays it 4.2 Fine Aggregate
plays an important role in people’ lives, but nobody has The material which passes through 4.75 mm sieve is termed
fully understood the mechanism by which charcoal works, as fine aggregates Gate. The sand used for the experimental
from either a physical or chemical standpoint. Depending works is locally procured from Patiala and conformed to
on the way of preparation charcoal is found in either lump, grading zone II. The sieve analysis and physical properties
briquette, or extruded forms. It should be added that it is a of fine aggregates are listed.
common misconception to think that some kind of charcoal
burns hotter or longer. Figure 3 shows the charcoal of the 4.2.1 Absorption, Porosity, and Permeability
study. The internal pore characteristics are very important
properties of aggregates. The size, the number, and the
continuity of the pores through an aggregate particle may
affect the strength of the aggregate, abrasion resistance,
surface texture, specific gravity, bonding capabilities, and
resistance to freezing and thawing action. Absorption
relates to the particle's ability to take in a liquid.
Porosity is a ratio of the volume of the pores to the total
volume of the particle. Permeability refers to the particle's
ability to allow liquids to pass through. If the rock pores are
not connected, a rock may have high porosity and low
permeability.
4.2.2 Surface Texture

Figure 3 Charcoal Surface texture is the pattern and the relative roughness or
smoothness of the aggregate particle. Surface texture plays
4. MATERIAL PROPERTIES a big role in developing the bond between an aggregate
particle and a cementing material. A rough surface texture
4.1 Cement gives the cementing material something to grip, producing
The ordinary portland cement which conforms to IS 12269 a stronger bond, and thus creating a stronger hot mix
–1987was used for making concrete. asphalt or Portland cement concrete. Surface texture also
affects the workability of hot mix asphalt, the asphalt
4.1.1 Hydration of Cement requirements of hot mix asphalt, and the water
The raw material used in the manufacture of Portland requirements of Portland cement concrete. Some aggregates
cement consists of lime, silica, alumina and iron oxide. may initially have good surface texture, but may polish
These compounds interact with one another in the kiln to smooth later under traffic. These aggregates are
form a series of more complex products. The relative unacceptable for final wearing surfaces. Limestone usually
proportions of these compounds are responsible for falls into this category.
influencing the various properties of cement.
4.2.3 Hardness
Four compounds are usually regarded as the major The hardness of the minerals that make up the aggregate
constituents of cement. They are tricalcium silicate, particles and the firmness with which the individual grains
dicalcium silicate tricalcium aluminate and tetra calcium are cemented or interlocked control the resistance of the
alumino ferrite. Anhydrous cement does not bind the fine aggregate to abrasion and degradation. Soft aggregate
and coarse aggregate. It acquires cohesive and adhesive
particles are composed of minerals with a low degree of 4.3.4 Procedure to Determine Aggregate Crushing
hardness. Value
 The aggregates passing through 12.5mm and
4.3 Coarse Aggregates retained on 10mm IS Sieve are oven-dried at a
Aggregates were first considered to simply be filler for temperature of 100 to 110oC for 3 to 4hrs.
concrete to reduce the amount of cement required.  The cylinder of the apparatus is filled in 3 layers,
However, it is now known that the type of Aggregate used each layer tamped with 25 strokes of a tamping
for concrete can have considerable effects on the plastic rod.
and hardened state properties of concrete. Aggregates can  The weight of aggregates is measured (Weight
form up to 80% of the concrete mix so their properties are ‘A’).
crucial to the properties of the concrete. Aggregates can be  The surface of the aggregates is then levelled, and
broadly classified into four different categories, they are the plunger inserted. The apparatus is then placed
heavy weight, normal weight, light weight and ultra-light in the compression testing machine and loaded at a
weight aggregates. However, in most concrete practices uniform rate to achieve 40t load in 10 minutes.
only normal weight and light weight aggregates are used. After this, the load is released.
The other types of aggregates are for specialist uses, such  The sample is then sieved through a 2.36mm IS
as nuclear radiation shielding for heavy weight concrete Sieve and the fraction passing through the sieve is
and thermal insulation for light weight concrete. weighed (Weight ‘B’).
 Two tests should be conducted.
To ensure a consistent quality and grading so that Aggregate crushing value = (B/A) x 100%.
alterations were not required for the mix, enough
manufactured sand to complete all of the mixes was 4.4 Charcoal
sourced at the beginning of the testing phase. The 4.4.1 Charcoal’s Physical Characteristics
manufactured sand used came from Wagner’sMalloo Charcoal is a highly porous and brittle material which
quarry, where the manufactured sand is produced from the properties are determined by the condition of the
by-product of blue metal crushing operations. Due to the carbonization process and used raw materials. Nowadays it
increased surface area of the fines, increased amounts of plays an important role in people’ lives, but nobody has
water and cement will be required to achieve target fully understood the mechanism by which charcoal works,
workability’s and strengths. The irregular particle shape from either a physical or chemical standpoint. Depending
also has a negative impact on the workability of the on the way of preparation charcoal is found in either lump,
concrete due to the increased number of voids created in briquette, or extruded forms. It should be added that it is a
the concrete. Crushed granite aggregate with specific common misconception to think that some kind of charcoal
gravity of 2.77 and passing through 4.75 mm sieve and will burns hotter or longer.
be used for casting all specimens. Several investigations The most basic physical characteristic of charcoal, its
concluded that maximum size of coarse aggregate should particle size, has a great influence on its adsorption
be restricted in strength of the composite. In addition to properties. Thus, the ability of charcoal to retain soil water
cement paste – aggregate ratio, aggregate type has a great is widely attributed to its porosity. This expanded surface is
influence on concrete dimensional stability. due to the fact that charcoal particles have thousands of
crevices, pits, grooves, and holes which, when opened out,
4.3.1 Water Absorption make quite a large surface area. In fact, the surface area per
100g of nominal coarse aggregate was taken and their gram of material can range from 500 to 1400 square meters,
weight was determined, say W1. The sample was then and values as high as 2500 m2/g have been reported. The
immersed in water for 24 hours. It was then taken out, complex internal surface area is usually divided into three
drained and its weight was determined, says W2. The components. Channels and pores with diameters less than 2
difference between W1 and W2 gives the water absorption nm (micropores) generally contain the largest portion of the
of the sample. carbon's surface area; pores with diameters between 2 and
50 nm are known as mesopores, and pores with diameters
4.3.2 Fineness Modulus greater than 50 nm are defined as macropores. Charcoal
The sample was brought to an air-dry condition by drying porosity varies primarily as a function of feedstock and
at room temperature. The required quantity of the sample secondarily as a function of pyrolysis conditions.
was taken (3Kg). Sieving was done for 10 minutes.
4.4.2 Charcoal’s Chemical Characteristics
4.3.3 Aggregate Crushing Value Charcoal is mostly pure carbon, made by cooking wood
This test helps to determine the aggregate crushing value of with low oxygen. The process can take days and burns off
coarse aggregates as per IS: 2386 (Part IV) – 1963. The volatile compounds such as water, methane, hydrogen, and
apparatus used is cylindrical measure and plunger, tar, and leaves about 25% of black lumps and powder of the
Compression testing machine, IS Sieves of sizes – 12.5mm, original weight. The quality of charcoal is defined by
10mm and 2.36mm. various chemical characteristics, although properties are
interrelated, but they are measured and appraised
separately. Most of the specifications that control charcoal

quality have originated in the steel or chemical industry. 5. MIX DESIGN
Regarding quality of charcoal, better chemical properties of Design Stipulations
charcoal are reached with higher levels of fixed carbon and  Grade Designation - M-30
lower levels of ash and volatiles. It is associated with high  Type of cement - O.P.C-53grade
levels of lignin and low levels of holo celluloses and  Fine Aggregate - Zone-I
extractives in wood.
 Sp. Gravity Cement - 3.14
4.4.3 Adsorption Capacity
 Sp. Gravity Fine Aggregate - 2.6
Wood charcoal is an important raw material for activated
charcoal. This product is beyond the scope of this manual  Sp. Gravity Coarse Aggregate - 2.68
but some data could be useful where charcoal producers are
selling charcoal to be turned into activated charcoal by Mix Proportion
specialist factories.As produced, normal wood charcoal is Table 1 shows mix proportion of the study
not a very active adsorption material for either liquids or
vapours because its fine structure is blocked by tarry Table 1: Mix proportion
residues. To convert the charcoal to "activated" this
structure must be opened up by removing the tarry residues.
The most widely used method today consists in heating the
pulverised raw charcoal in a furnace to low red heat in an
atmosphere of superheated steam. The steam prevents the
charcoal from burning away by excluding oxygen.
6. TEST PROCEDURE
The study was conducted to find out the influence of
4.5 Titanium Dioxide
charcoal on strength properties of plain concrete. The
4.5.1 Uses for White Pigment
Four million tons of pigmentary TiO2 are consumed effects of following parameters were studied. Compressive
annually. Apart from producing a white colour in liquids, strength, Split tensile strength and flexural strength at
paste or as coating on solids, TiO2 is also an effective various percentage replacement of fine aggregate with
opacifier, making substances more opaque. Here are some charcoal on some of plain concrete.
examples of the extensive range of applications:
6.1 Workability
 Paints
The dosage of super plasticizer was kept constant
 Plastics
throughout the experimental program at 0.5% of the weight
 Papers of the binder.
 Inks
 Medicines 6.2 Segregation and Bleeding
 Most toothpastes Furnace slag reduces bleeding significantly because the free
 Skimmed milk water is consumed in wetting of the large surface area of
the furnace slag and hence the free water left in the mix for
Adding TiO2 to skimmed milk makes it appear brighter, bleeding also decreases. Furnace slag also blocks the pores
more opaque and more palatable. Titanium dioxide can be in the fresh concrete so water within the concrete is not
added to the surface of cements, tiles and paints to give the allowed to come to the surface.
material sterilising, deodorising and anti-fouling properties.
This is because the photo catalytic properties ofTiO2 mean 6.3 Compressive Strength Test Setup
that, in the presence of water, hydroxyl free radicals are By definition, the ultimate compressive strength of a
formed which can convert organic molecules to CO2 and material is that value of uniaxial compressive stress reached
water and destroy microorganisms. when the material fails completely. The compressive
strength is usually obtained experimentally by means of a
Pigment grade TiO2 is manufactured in order to maximise 37 compressive test. The apparatus used for this experiment
the number of primary particles in this size range (approx. is the same as that used in a tensile test. However, rather
200 – 350 nm). However as in all production processes of than applying a uniaxial tensile load, a uniaxial
particulate materials, there will be a distribution of primary compressive load is applied. As can be imagined, the
particle sizes around the average value and it is likely that a specimen (usually cylindrical) is shortened as well as
small fraction of the primary particles are < 100 nm, and spread laterally.
therefore covered by the nanoparticle ISO definition
(ISO/TC 229 Nomenclature system for nanoparticles). In In the study of strength of materials, the compressive
practice, all these particles tend to agglomerate into the strength is the capacity of a material or structure to
micron (μm) size range.TiO2 as a nanomaterial is withstand loads tending to reduce size. It can be measured
engineered to have primary particles less than 100 nm in by plotting applied force against deformation in a testing
order to optimize such properties. machine. Some materials fracture at their compressive

strength limit; others deform irreversibly, so a given 6.5 Split Tensile Test
amount of deformation may be considered as the limit for The size of cylinders 300 mm length and 150 mm diameter
compressive load. Compressive strength is a key value for are placed in the machine such that load is applied on the
design of structures .At the time of testing, each specimen opposite side of the cubes are casted. Align carefully and
must keep in compressive testing machine. The maximum load is applied, till the specimen breaks. The formula used
load at the breakage of concrete block will be noted. From for calculation.
the noted values, the compressive strength may $calculated Split tensile strength = 2P/ μdl
by using below formula.
Compressive Strength = Load / Area The tensile strength is one of the basic and important
Size of the test specimen=150mm x 150mm x 150mm properties of the concrete. The concrete is not usually
expected to resist the direct tension because of its low
Figure 4 shows the compressive strength test setup of the tensile strength and brittle nature.
study
Figure 5. Shows the split tensile test setup of the study
Figure 4 Compressive strength test setup Figure 5 Split tensile test setup
6.4 Water Absorption Test However, the determination of tensile strength of concrete
One of the most important properties of a good quality is necessary to determine the load at which the concrete
concrete is low permeability, especially one resistant to members may crack. The cracking is a form of tension
freezing and thawing. A concrete with low permeability failure. Apart from the flexure test the other methods to
resists ingress of water and is not as susceptible to freezing determine the tensile strength of concrete can be broadly
and thawing. Water enters pores in the cement paste and classified as (a) direct methods, and (b) indirect methods.
even in the aggregate. The permeability of concrete is a The direct method suffers from a number of difficulties
measure of the rate at which a liquid pass through it. The related to holding the specimen properly in the testing
permeability of concrete depends upon its pore network, machine without introducing stress concentration, and to
which arises from the excess water used during mixing and the application of uniaxial tensile load which is free from
during initial hardening process. The overall porosity eccentricity to the specimen. As the concrete is weak in
includes closed or logged pores in addition to a network of tension even a small eccentricity of load will induce
inter connected pores. Pore size ranges from a few combined bending and axial force condition and the
angstroms to about 100 A0 for the so called ‘gel pores’, concrete fails at the apparent tensile stress other than the
from 100 to 100000 A0 in ‘capillary pores’ and a few tensile strength.
millimeter in ‘air or large pores’. Inter connected pores
endow the concrete permeability. As there are many difficulties associated with the direct
tension test, a number of indirect methods have been
All the hydrated cement products are subjected to attack by developed to determine the tensile strength. In these tests in
sulphates, chlorides, and acids and less by water. This is general a compressive force is applied to a concrete
because of low equilibrium solubility of the hydrated specimen in such a way that the specimen fails due to
components and low mass transfer of well cured concrete. tensile stresses developed in the specimen. The tensile
It is a usual practice to assess the water permeability stress at which the failure occurs is termed the tensile
characteristics when assessing the durability characteristics. strength of concrete.
Permeability can be measured by conducting standard test
methods.

7. TESTING RESULT
7.1 Ratios for Special Concrete (Extra Ingredients)

RATIO –I
Sand Replacing 5 % of Charcoal
Sand Replacing 25 % of Charcoal
Tio2 Adding 10 % of Water
7.2 Compressive Strength of Cube

Table 2 shows the value of compressive strength of cube
Figure 7 Graph shows unit weight results
Table 2: Compressive Strength Test Result
7.4 Water Absorption
Table 4 shows the Pollution Control Test Result
Table 4: Pollution Control Test Result
Figure 6. shows the compression test graph result of the

study
Figure 8 shows the Pollution Control Test Graph Result
Figure 6 Compression Test Graph Result
7.3 Unit Weight

Table 3 shows the unit weight results of the study
Table 3: Unit weight results Figure 8 Pollution Control Test Graph Result
8. CONCLUSION
The world has become increasingly aware of the
need to preserve and conserve resources. Control of
pollution is not only a legislative requirement, but has also
become a tool for competitiveness.
 Optimum percentage range of replacement of
Tio2 & Charcoal lies between 5% to 25%,
which provided higher strength as that of the
conventional concrete.
Figure 7. Shows the graph of unit weight results  Through our results increase the percentage of
charcoal will similarly increases the
compressive strength of concrete as 47.87
N/mm2 at 28 days.
 Cost of charcoal is found to be 46% lesser
than the cost of fine aggregate. So it is
economical by reducing the construction cost
and also preserve the environment.

 Water absorption will be decreases at 25% [11]. T.Subramani, G.Ravi, “Experimental Investigation
replacement compared to conventional Of Coarse Aggregate With Steel Slag In Concrete”,
concrete. IOSR Journal of Engineering, Volume 5,Issue 5,
Version 3, pp64-73, 2015
References [12]. T.Subramani, K.S.Ramesh , " Experimental Study
[1]. T.Subramani., S.Krishnan. S.K.Ganesan., G.Nagarajan On Partial Replacement Of Cement With Fly Ash And
”Investigation of Mechanical Properties in Polyester Complete Replacement Of Sand With M sand" ,
and Phenyl-ester Composites Reinforced With Chicken International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Feather Fiber” International Journal of Engineering Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4,
Research and Applications Vol. 4, Issue 12(Version 4), Issue 5 , pp. 313-322 , 2015
pp.93-104, 2014. [13]. T.Subramani, G.Shanmugam , " Experimental
[2]. T.Subramani, J.Jayalakshmi , " Analytical Investigation Of Using Papercrete And Recycled
Investigation Of Bonded Glass Fibre Reinforced Aggregate As A Coarse Aggregate " , International
Polymer Sheets With Reinforced Concrete Beam Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering &
Using Ansys" , International Journal of Application or Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 323-
Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , 332 , May 2015
Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 105-112 , 2015 [14]. T.Subramani, P.Sakthivel , " Experimental
[3]. T.Subramani, D.Latha , " Experimental Study On Investigation On Flyash Based Geopolymer Bricks" ,
Recycled Industrial Waste Used In Concrete" , International Journal of Application or Innovation in
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 5,
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 216-227 , 2016 .
Issue 5, pp. 113-122 , 2015 [15]. T.Subramani, R.Siva, “Experimental Study On
[4]. T.Subramani, V.Angappan , " Experimental Flexural And Impact Behavior Of Ferrocement Slabs”
Investigation Of Papercrete Concrete" , International International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 5,
Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 134- Issue 5, pp. 228-238 , 2016
143 , 2015 [16]. T.Subramani, A.Anbuchezian , " Experimental Study
[5]. T.Subramani, V.K.Pugal , " Experimental Study On Of Palm Oil Fuel Ash As Cement Replacement Of
Plastic Waste As A Coarse Aggregate For Structural Concrete " , International Journal of Application or
Concrete" , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM),
Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2017 , pp. 001-005 , ISSN
Volume 4, Issue 5, pp.144-152 2015 2319 - 4847.
[6]. T.Subramani, B.Suresh , " Experimental Investigation [17]. T.Subramani, A.Anbuchezian , " Experimental Study
Of Using Ceramic Waste As A Coarse Aggregate Of Mineral Admixture Of Self Compacting Concrete "
Making A Light Weight Concrete " , International , International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6,
Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 153- Issue 3, March 2017 , pp. 006-010 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
162 , 2015 [18]. T.Subramani, A.Anbuchezian , " Experimental Test
[7]. T.Subramani, M.Prabhakaran , " Experimental Study On Bitumen With Addition Of 35% Of Plastic Fibre " ,
On Bagasse Ash In Concrete" , International Journal of International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Application or Innovation in Engineering & Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6,
Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 163- Issue 3, March 2017 , pp. 017-022 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
172 , 2015 [19]. T.Subramani, A.Anbuchezian , " Stabilization Of
[8]. T.Subramani, A.Mumtaj , " Experimental Investigation M30 Concrete Pavement By Partially Replacing
Of Partial Replacement Of Sand With Glass Fibre" , Cement By 20% Of Flyash And Sodium Silicate " ,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6,
Issue 5, pp. 254-263 , 2015 Issue 3, March 2017 , pp. 023-031 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[9]. T.Subramani, S.B.Sankar Ram Experimental Study [20]. T.Subramani, A.Anbuchezian , " Experimental
on Concrete Using Cement With Glass Powder, IOSR Investigation On Flexural Behavior Of Folded Ferro
Journal of Engineering,Volume 5 , Issue 5, Version Cement Panels " , International Journal of Application
3, pp43-53, 2015 or Innovation in Engineering & Management
[10]. T.Subramani, S.Kumaran , " Experimental (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2017 , pp. 045-
Investigation Of Using Concrete Waste And Brick 049 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
Waste As A Coarse Aggregate " , International Journal [21]. T.Subramani, A.Anbuchezian , " Experimental Study
of Application or Innovation in Engineering & On Replacement Of Concrete Material By Water
Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 294- Treatment Plant Waste Sewage " , International Journal
303 , 2015 of Application or Innovation in Engineering &

Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 3, March AUTHOR

2017 , pp. 050-057 , ISSN 2319 - 4847. Prof.Dr.T.Subramani Working as a Professor and
[22]. T.Subramani, A. Fizoor Rahman , " An Dean of Civil Engineering in VMKV Engineering
Experimental Study On The Properties Of Pet Fibre College, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation
Reinforced Concrete " , International Journal of (Deemed to be University),Salem,TamilNadu,
Application or Innovation in Engineering & India. Having more than 28 years of Teaching
Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 3, March experience in Various Engineering Colleges. He is
a Chartered Civil Engineer and Approved Valuer for many banks.
2017 , pp. 058-066 , ISSN 2319 - 4847. Chairman and Member in Board of Studies of Civil Engineering
[23]. T.Subramani, M.Meganathan, S.Priyanka , " branch. Question paper setter and Valuer for UG and PG Courses
Experimental Study On Strength Properties Of of Civil Engineering in number of Universities. Life Fellow in
Diaphanous Concrete With Vermiculite " , Institution of Engineers (India) and Institution of Valuers. Life
International Journal of Application or Innovation in member in number of Technical Societies and Educational
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, bodies. Guided more than 420 students in UG projects and 300
Issue 5, May 2017 , pp. 229-238 , ISSN 2319 - 4847. students in PG projects. He is a reviewer for number of
[24]. T.Subramani, T.Anandavel, S.Priyanka , " International Journals and published 201 International Journal
Experimental Investigation Of Waste Plastic Fiber In Publications and presented more than 55 papers in International
Conferences. Also presented more than 45 papers in National
Reinforced Cement Concrete Using Recycled Coarse
conferences and published 4 books.
Aggregate " , International Journal of Application or
Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), S. Sekar Completed his Master of Technology
Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2017 , pp. 239-250 , ISSN (M.Tech) in the Branch of Remote sensing & GIS
2319 - 4847. at Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli,
[25]. T.Subramani, S.Priyanka , " Experimental Test On Currently he is working as a Associate Professor
Carbon Nano Powder On The Properties Of Concrete " at V.M.K.V. Engineering College at Salem-308.
, International Journal of Application or Innovation in Tamil Nadu, India. His work focuse specifically
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, on the Remote sensing and GIS Mapping. His
hobbies such as Listening Music, Playing volley Ball.
Issue 5, May 2017 , pp. 294-303 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[26]. T.Subramani, P.Babu, S.Priyanka , " Strength Study Kuriakose Saji is persuing B.E Under graduate in
On Fibre Reinforced Concrete Using Palmyra Palm the branch of Civil Engineering at V.M.K.V.
Fibre Using Fem Software " , International Journal of Engineering College, Vinayaka missions
Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science University, Salem. His hobbies is playing cricket,
(IJETTCS), Volume 6, Issue 3, May - June 2017 , pp. Browsing internet and drawing.
198-207 , ISSN 2278-6856.
[27]. T.Subramani, G.Unni Krishnan, R.Arumugam,
A.Godwyn Michael Cornelies, H.Gopu , " Syam Gopalakrishnan is persuing B.E Under
graduate in the branch of Civil Engineering at
Experimental Study Of Quarry Sand And Rice Husk
V.M.K.V. Engineering College, Vinayaka
Replacing In Concrete " , International Journal of missions University, Salem. He is yoga trainer
Application or Innovation in Engineering & and also his hobbies is Cricket, Swimming and
Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2017 Listening Music.
, pp. 312-319 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[28]. T.Subramani, R.Sengottaiyan, K.Roop Kumar,
V.Arun Kumar , S.S.Shanjay Sundara Sood , " An A. Arul Prakash is persuing B.E Under graduate
Expremental Investigation On Mineral Admixture For in the branch of Civil Engineering at V.M.K.V.
High Perfomence Of Concrete " , International Journal Engineering College, Vinayaka missions
University, Salem. His hobbies is cooking and
of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Browsing internet.
Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2017
, pp. 320-326 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[29]. T.Subramani, J.Karthickrajan , " Experimental Study

On Absorption Of CO2 By M30 Concrete As A Partial
Replacement Of Cement By 25% Of Zeolite" ,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 5,
Issue 5, pp. 085-094 , 2016 .

Experimental Study On Pollution Control Concrete

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Experimental Study On Pollution Control Concrete

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Experimental Study On Pollution Control

Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018 Page 149

3. MATERIAL COLLECTION  Specific Gravity:- Light Weight, Normal Weight

Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018 Page 150

property only when water is mixed with it. The chemical

4.2.2 Surface Texture

separately. Most of the specifications that control charcoal

Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018 Page 153

Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018 Page 154

7.1 Ratios for Special Concrete (Extra Ingredients)

7.2 Compressive Strength of Cube

Table 4: Pollution Control Test Result

Figure 6. shows the compression test graph result of the

Figure 8 shows the Pollution Control Test Graph Result

Figure 6 Compression Test Graph Result

7.3 Unit Weight

Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018 Page 155

Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018 Page 156

Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 3, March AUTHOR

[29]. T.Subramani, J.Karthickrajan , " Experimental Study

Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018 Page 157

You might also like