Tyr CPC Moot
Tyr CPC Moot
IN THE MATTER OF
V.
________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents 1
List of Abbreviations 2
Statement of Jurisdiction 3
Statement of Facts 4
Statement of Issues 6
Statement of Arguments 7
Argument Advanced 8
Prayer 15
Govt. Government
Hon’ble Honourable
J. Justice
PC Privy Council
Pg. Page
SC Supreme Court
The Petitioner has filed this appeal petition under Article 133of constitution of
India. The Hon’ble supreme court of India has the jurisdiction to adjudicate the
instant case under Art.133 of the constitution of India as there is substantial
questions of law is being involved.
Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil
matters.-
(1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil
proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court certifies under Article
134A-
(a) that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance; and
(b) that in the opinion of the High Court the said question needs to be decided by the
Supreme Court.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in Article 132, any party appealing to the Supreme Court under
clause (1) may urge as one of the grounds in such appeal that a substantial question of law as to
the interpretation of this Constitution has been wrongly decided.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in this article, no appeal shall, unless Parliament by law otherwise
provides, lie to the Supreme Court from the judgment, decree or final order of one Judge of a
High Court.
1. A suit was filed by the appellant in the Court of II Additional Civil Judge with respect to
immovable property described in Schedule ‘A’ of the plaint. The plaintiff got converted the land
for non-agricultural/residential purposes.
2. The plaintiff was in possession and enjoyment of the property and defendant had no
concern with the same. However, he tried to remove and destroy the wooden fence and made an
effort to forcibly dispossess the plaintiff. Hence the suit was filed.
3. The defendant had denied the averments and contended that there was no division of the
land and had asserted his ownership and possession. The conversion order of land was also
illegal.
4. It was found on the basis of the registered partition deed that the suit schedule property
was allotted to the plaintiff and he was in possession thereof. The defendant on partition in his
own family had been allotted 1.58 acres and defendant has sold 1.68 acres of land, though the
land allotted to him was only 1.58 acres in Survey No.32/5. Plaintiff was found to be in
possession of Schedule ‘A’ property on the date of the suit.
5. It was held that the defendant had no right, title or interest in the disputed land.
Accordingly, the suit of the plaintiff for permanent injunction was decreed vide judgment and
decree dated 13.9.2012.
6. After suffering decree for permanent injunction on 13.9.2012, the judgment-debtor Rajan
died on 10.12.2012. The heirs of the judgment-debtor in violation of the decree for permanent
injunction tried to forcibly dispossess the decree-holder from Schedule ‘A’ property. Thus, the
decree-holder filed execution petition within two years of the passing of the decree.
7. It was resisted by the heirs of judgment-debtor on the ground that they were not bound by
the decree for permanent injunction. The force of decree lapsed with the death of judgment-
debtor. The decree was incapable of enforcement against them as the judgment debtor had died.
Reliance was placed on the legal maxim “actiopersonalismoritur cum persona”.
8. The executing court held that the heirs of judgment-debtor were bound by the decree and
directed them to furnish an undertaking to the effect that they would not disobey the decree of
the court. Aggrieved thereby, the respondents preferred a writ petition in the High Court of
Tamil Nadu at Chennai which has been allowed by the impugned order.
9. The High Court has held that the decree for permanent injunction cannot be enforced
against the legal heirs of judgment-debtor as injunction does not travel with land.
ISSUE 1
Whetherafter the death of judgment debtor, his heirs could start interference in the
property and plaintiff was obliged to file another suit for injuncting them or could execute the
decree for permanent injunction which was granted in his favour as against the heirs of
judgment-debtor?
ISSUE 2
Whether executability of the decree for injunction in the backdrop of facts that the plaintiff had
filed a suit for restraining the defendant-appellant from interfering with her rights as Hakdar and
Pujari?
ISSUE 3
ISSUE 1:Whether after the death of judgment debtor, his heirs could start interference in
the property and plaintiff was obliged to file another suit for injuncting them or could
execute the decree for permanent injunction which was granted in his favour as against the
heirs of judgment-debtor?
Where the decree is executed against such legal representative, he shall be liable only to the
extent of the property of the deceased which has come to his hands and has not been duly
disposed of; and, for the purpose of ascertaining such liability, the Court executing the decree
may, of its own motion or on the application of the decree- holder, compel such legal
representative to produce such accounts as it thinks fit.
ISSUE 2:Whether executability of the decree for injunction in the backdrop of facts that
the plaintiff had filed a suit for restraining the defendant-appellant from interfering with
her rights?
The successor-in-interest of the plaintiff decree-holder had put the decree for execution. It was
contended that the decree for injunction was personal in nature and could have been enforced by
the decree-holder only. This Court held that there was nothing in the decree for permanent
injunction to hold that it lapsed with the death of the plaintiff and it could be executed by heirs of
decree holder.
ISSUE 3:Whether executability of the decree for permanent injunction restraining the
defendant from obstructing plaintiff’s use and enjoyment of their right of way through the
backyard of the defendant’s house, and subsequently, the house was sold by judgment-
debtor- defendant?
The decree could have been executed against the transferee judgment-debtor. The rule that a
decree for injunction cannot be enforced against a purchaser from a judgment-debtor since
injunction does not run with the land for it is a remedy in personam is not applicable considering
the nature of rights adjudicated upon. The Court held that enforcement of the decree against legal
heirs of the deceased was saved by section 50 CPC and as against the purchaser of the suit
property pendentelite was saved by section 52 of the Transfer of Property Act.
Section 50 of the CPC has been referred to and the same is extracted
Section 50. Legal representative— (1) Where a judgment-debtor dies before the decree has been
fully satisfied, the holder of the decree may apply to the Court which passed it to execute the
same against the legal representative of the deceased.
Where the decree is executed against such legal representative, he shall be liable only to the
extent of the property of the deceased which has come to his hands and has not been duly
disposed of; and, for the purpose of ascertaining such liability, the Court executing the decree
may, of its own motion or on the application of the decree- holder, compel such legal
representative to produce such accounts as it thinks fit.”
Section 146 CPC has also been referred to and the same is extracted
Where a decree or, if a decree has been passed jointly in favour of two or more persons, the
interest of any decree-holder in the decree in transferred by assignment in writing or by operation
of law, the transferee may apply for execution of the decree to the Court which passed it; and the
decree may be executed in the same manner and subject to the same conditions as if the
application were made by such decree-holder :
Provided that where the decree, or such interest as aforesaid, has been transferred by assignment,
notice of such application shall be given to the transferor and the judgment-debtor, and the
decree shall not be executed until the Court has heard their objections (if any) to its execution/
Provided also that, where a decree for the payment of money against two or more persons has
been transferred to one of them, it shall not be executed against the others.
Section 32 Decree for specific performance for restitution of conjugal rights or for an injunction.
Where the party against whom a decree for the specific performance of a contract, or for
restitution of conjugal rights, or for an injunction, has been passed, has had an opportunity of
obeying the decree and has willfully failed to obey it, the decree may be enforced in the case of a
decree for restitution of conjugal rights by the attachment of his property or, in the case of a
Where the party against whom a decree for specific performance or for an injunctions been
passed is a corporation, the decree may be enforced by the attachment of the property of the
corporation or, with the leave of the Court, by the detention in the civil prison of the directors or
other principal officers thereof, or by both attachment and detention.
Where any attachment under sub-rule or sub-rule has remained in force for six months if the
judgment-debtor has not obeyed the decree and the decree-holder has applied to have the
attached property sold, such property may be sold; and out of the proceeds the Court may award
to the decree-holder such compensation as it thinks fit, and shall pay the balance (if any) to the
judgment-debtor on his application. Where the judgment-debtor has obeyed the decree and paid
all costs of executing the same which he is bound to pay, or where, at the end of six months from
the date of the attachment, no application to have the property sold has been made, or if made
has been refused, the attachment shall cease.Where a decree for the specific performance of a
contract or for an injunction has not been obeyed, the Court may, in lieu of or in addition to all or
any of the processes aforesaid, direct that the act required to be done may be done so far as
practicable by the decree-holder or some other person appointed by the Court, at the cost of the
judgment-debtor, and upon the act being done the expenses incurred may be ascertained in such
manner as the Court may direct and may be recovered as if they were included in the decree.”
Section 50 CPC deals with execution of decrees of all kinds including that of permanent
injunction. Section 146 CPC provides that where any application which can be made by or
against any person, it may be made by or against any person claiming under him except as
otherwise provided in the Code. Order 21 Rule 16 deals with execution of decree by a transferee
with which we are not concerned in this case. Order 21 Rule 32 provides the mode for execution
of decree for injunction, restitution of conjugal rights and specific performance. Section 50 CPC
which is a specific provision with respect to execution of decree against legal representatives,
would be attracted read with Order 21 Rule 32 CPC.
It is crystal clear from a perusal of section 50(2) CPC that a decree for permanent injunction can
be executed against the judgment debtor or his legal representatives. . Muthukaruppa Pillai&Anr.
v. Ganesan1,The suit was decreed and it was held that the said rights were heritable and partible.
On aforesaid foundation, decree was passed. The successor-in-interest of the plaintiff decree-
holder had put the decree for execution. It was contended that the decree for injunction was
personal in nature and could have been enforced by the decree-holder only. This Court held that
there was nothing in the decree for permanent injunction to hold that it lapsed with the death of
the plaintiff and it could be executed by heirs of decree holder. This Court has laid down.
“1. This judgment-debtor’s appeal is directed against judgment and order of the High Court of
Madras. The appellant was a defendant in a suit filed by the predecessor-in-interest of the
respondent for permanent injunction restraining the appellant from interfering with her right as
Hakdar and Pujari of two temples in Kottarakurichi village. The suit even though decreed by the
trial court was dismissed by the first appellate court. But the decree of the trial court was restored
by the High Court.
“The defendants, their workmen, their agent, etc. be and are hereby restrained by an order of
permanent injunction from interfering with the plaintiff’s enjoyment of the plaint schedule
property (described hereunder) till the end of 1965 Margali 30th (i.e., till January 13, 1965) and
in every alternative years in future….” The judgment of the High Court was delivered in 1969.
The decree-holder died in June 1981. The respondent who claims to be adopted son of the
plaintiff in the original suit and also her legatee filed an application for execution in 1981 under
Section 146 and Order XXI Rule 16 of the Civil Procedure Code. It was resisted by the appellant
on various grounds. The application was allowed against which the appellant filed revision.
During pendency of the execution proceedings, the respondent filed an application before the
Deputy Commissioner, Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu,
claiming the rights to do puja and enjoy the share of income from the two temples. The
application was allowed by the Deputy Commissioner, but the order was set aside by the
Commissioner, Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments, Madras in revision filed by the
appellant. It was held that the respondent could not claim better and more rights than what were
granted in favour of his predecessor-in-interest by the civil court. Against this order of the
Commissioner, the respondent filed a writ petition. Both, the revision filed by the appellant and
writ petition filed by the respondent were decided by a common order. The High Court
maintained the order of the trial court in execution, except to certain extent. The writ petition
filed by the respondent was dismissed.
2. The principal challenge to the order passed by the High Court is on the nature of the decree. It
is claimed that the decree being personal, it could not have been executed by the respondent who
claimed to be successor- in-interest of the plaintiff in the suit. The submission appears to be
devoid of any merit. In the main suit, out of which these execution proceedings have arisen, it
was clearly held by the High Court that the rights were heritable and partible. In view of this
finding, it is not clear as to how can the appellant raise the argument of decree being personal in
nature. Apart from that, the decree passed by the trial court, copy of which has been produced by
the learned counsel for the respondent, the authenticity of which is not disputed by the appellant,
1
(1995) Supp 3 SCC 69
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and which has been extracted earlier, clearly indicates that the injunction granted did not impose
any such restriction expressly nor could it be impliedly held that it lapsed with the death of the
plaintiff.” This Court has laid down that legal representatives of decree holder can execute
decree for permanent injunction relating to property or right which is heritable and partible.
When such is the situation, in our opinion, it would be open to decree holder to execute decree
against successor of interest of judgment-debtor also.
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ISSUE 3: Whether executability of the decree for permanent injunction restraining the
defendant from obstructing plaintiff’s use and enjoyment of their right of way through the
backyard of the defendant’s house, and subsequently, the house was sold by judgment-
debtor- defendant?
Normally personal action dies with person but this principle has application to limited kinds of
causes of actions. In Girijanandini Devi v. BijendraNarainChoudhary5, this Court while
considering the question whether the decree for account can be passed against the estates, also
considered the maxim “actiopersonalismoritur cum persona” and observed that the postulation
that personal action dies with the person, has a limited application. It operates in a limited class
of actions, such as actions for damages, assault or other personal injuries not causing the death of
the party and in other actions where after the death of the party the relief granted could not be
enjoyed or granting it would be nugatory. Death of the person liable to render the account for
property received by him does not therefore affect the liability of his estate. This Court has
observed thus:
“(14) Finally, it was urged that since defendants Mode Narain and RajballavNarain had died
during the pendency of the proceedings, the High Court was incompetent to pass a decree for
account against their estates. Rajballav who was defendant No.6 died during the pendency of the
suit for the Trial Court and Mode Narain who was defendant No.1 in the suit died during the
pendency of the appeal in the High Court. But a claim for rendition of account is not a personal
claim. It is not extinguished because the party who claims an account, the party who is called
upon to account dies. The maxim “action personalismoritur cum persona” a personal action dies
with the person, has a limited application. It operates in a limited class of actions ex delicto such
as actions for damages for defamation, assault or other personal injuries not causing the death of
2
AIR 2000 Karnataka 298
3
1999 8 SCC 529
4
ILR 2006 Karnataka 4456
5
AIR 1967 SC 1124
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the party, and in other actions where after the death of the party the relief granted could not be
enjoyed or granting it would be nugatory. An action for account is not an action for damages ex
delicto, and does not fall within the enumerated classes. Nor is it such that the relief claimed
being personal could not be enjoyed after death, or granting it would be nugatory. Death of the
person liable to render an account for property received by him does not therefore affect the
liability of his estate. It may be noticed that this question was not raised in the Trial Court and in
the High Court. It was merely contended that because the plaintiff BijendraNarain was receiving
income of the lands of his share no decree for accounts could be made. The High Court rejected
the contention that no account would be directed in favour of the plaintiff on that account. They
pointed out that the mere fact that the plaintiff was in possession of some portion of properties of
the joint family since 1941 cannot possibily absolve the defendants, who were in charge of their
dealings with the management of the properties, from rendering accounts of the joint family
estate. The plaintiff was since September 1941 severed from the joint family in estate and also in
mess and residence, and he was entitled to claim an account from the defendants from September
1941, but not for past dealings. The fact that the plaintiff is in possession of some of the
properties will, of course, have to be taken into account in finally adjusting the account.”
The views of the High Courts which are relied upon are by and large in favour of executability of
decree. Of course it would depend on the right litigated, findings recorded and the nature of
decree granted. In D’souza J. v. Mr. A. Joseph6, a Single Bench of the Karnataka High Court
held that when a decree for injunction against a person can be enforced even against his son, it is
obvious that a similar logic should hold good even in the case of the death of the plaintiff who
has obtained a decree. There should not be any legal impediment for a heir of a decree-holder to
enforce the decree for injunction against the judgment-debtor. There is no such legal impediment
on the principle that injunction does not run with the land. Yet another Division Bench of the
Kerala High Court in Rajappan and Ors. v. SankaranSudhakaran7, also considered the question
of violation of decree by the legal representatives of judgment-debtor and has laid down that a
decree for permanent injunction can be executed against them. It was observed that if a decree
for injunction compels personal obedience, it in appropriate cases would not be enforced against
the legal representatives. However, if subject matter of the suit and the act complained of was on
the basis of ownership of an adjacent property of the other side, then such a decree for injunction
would be binding not only against the judgment- debtor personally but all those who claim
through him. A decree for perpetual injunction was passed restraining the judgment-debtors from
trespassing into the decree schedule property destroying the boundaries thereof and from
interfering with the rights of the decree-holder. The legal representatives of the judgment-debtor
violated the injunction. The Court, in our opinion, rightly held that the executing court could
execute the decree of perpetual injunction against the legal representatives of the judgment-
debtor.
In AmritlalVadilal v. KantilalLalbhai9AIR 1931 Bombay 280 it has been observed that a decree
for injunction does not run with the land and cannot be enforced in absence of the statutory
6
AIR 1993 Karnataka 68
7
AIR 1997 Kerala 315
8
AIR 1927 Bombay 93
9
1974 ILR Karnataka 1506
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provision against surviving member of joint family or against purchaser from judgment-debtor
but can be enforced against legal representatives joined under Section 50 CPC and so also
against transferees from original judgment-debtor as per Section 52of the Transfer of Property
Act. In Ganesh SakharamSaraf v. Narayan ShriramMulaye10 it was held that though an
injunction is a personal remedy and does not run with the land, ordinarily a decree for an
injunction can be executed only against the persons against whom the injunction is issued and
cannot be executed against any other person in the absence of a statutory provision. If an
injunction decree is capable of being enforced against a person other than the judgment-debtor
by virtue of a statutory provision contained in Section 50 CPC, it can be executed equally against
the son who inherits the estate of his father as well as against one who was joint with the father
and brought on the record as his legal representative. It was also observed that where a decree
had been passed against the father as a manager and representative of the joint family, it could be
executed against his son who represented the joint family.
18. In ManilalLallubhai Patel v. KikabhaiLallubhai11 a Single Bench has held that where a
decree for an injunction has been passed against the father, the son not being joined as a party,
and the father dies during the pendency of the execution proceedings, the decree can be enforced
under Section 50 CPC against the son as his legal representative by proceeding under Order 21,
Rule 32.
20. The High Court of Karnataka in Hajaresab v. Udachappa12has also held that under the
provisions of Section 50 CPC the legal representatives of the deceased defendant against whom
the decree for injunction is passed would be liable for violation of that decree. It was also
observed that Section 50 CPC does not make any distinction between a decree for permanent
injunction and a decree of any other nature.
10
AIR 1931 Bombay 484
11
AIR 1932 Bombay 482
12
1984 ILR Karnataka 900
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PRAYER
In the light of the issues raised, arguments and authorities cited, may this Hon’ble court be
pleased to:
Declare and hold the decree for permanent injunction given by the subordinate
court.
Declare and hold that the legal heirs of the judgment debtor is not bound by the
for permanent injunction.
AND /OR
Pass any order that it deems fit in the interest of Justice, Equity and Good Conscience.
And for this, the respondent as in duty bound, shall humbly pray.
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