Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ambulance Report 1
Ambulance Report 1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
In recent years the mobile has become the valuable part of the human beings. It is
necessary for human begins to have a powerful device which will provide all the facilities other
than basic facility available in mobile phones. Android provides such functionality which
enables the developers to design such applications which will make a simple mobile to smart
one. “Android is open source it can be liberally extended to incorporate new cutting edge
technologies as they emerge. The platform will continue to evolve as the developer community
works together to build innovative mobile applications.
Android is a powerful Operating System supporting a large number of applications
in Smart Phones. These applications make life more comfortable and advanced for the users.
Hardware’s that support Android is mainly based on ARM architecture platform. Android
provides a rich application framework that allows you to build innovative applications and
games for mobile devices in a Java language environment.Android applications are composed of
one or more application components (activities, services, content providers, and broadcast
receivers).
1.1 Overview
An ambulance is a vehicle for transportation of sick or injured people to, from or between
places of treatment for an illness or injury. Ambulances can be grouped into types depending on
whether or not they transport patients, and under what conditions.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite radio navigation system developed by
the Department of Defense (DOD) owned by the United States Government (USG) and operated
by the United States Air Force (USAF).GPS has provided positioning, navigation, and timing
services to military and civilian users on a continuous worldwide basis since first launch in 1978.
Every second is valuable for the ambulance vehicle. There is loss of life due to the delay
in the arrival of the ambulance to the hospital in the golden hours.
With this Application, the ambulance can reach the patients quickly as location is given
through the app and can provide necessary medical attention required for the patient's health.
The app displays all the ambulances which have responded and which are nearby to the
spot of the accident or emergency. Our app provides an option for uploading medical history of
the user during registration. In order to avoid fake alerts and to know the severity of the situation a
camera option has been added that allows the user to take a picture of the accident spot. When
there is no internet connection, an SMS will be sent to the preferred hospital and emergency
contacts stored by the user.
The ambulance personnel can also send the vital statistics of the patient to the hospital.
After reaching the accident spot, the ambulance personnel will be shown the nearby hospitals so
that the patient can be taken to the hospital quickly.
Upload of user medical history is made optional so that the user can activate emergency
for somebody else who doesn’t have this app too. The app will also provide the route information
of the ambulance to all its users who are travelling so that they can make way for the ambulance.
Chapter 2: Literature survey: This will give the books, papers and other applications referred.
Chapter 3: System Requirement Specification: This chapter contains the specific requirements
as well as the hardware, the software requirement of the project and the analysis of the project.
Chapter 4: System Design: This chapter gives an overview of the system architecture, modules,
system flow and gives more information for the user to understand the logic.
Chapter 5: Implementation: This chapter gives the implementation requirements and detailed
description of algorithm used for implementing the system, database tables and the user interface
used for the application.
Chapter 6: Testing: This chapter gives the design of test cases, sample test cases related to the
project, test cases for each module.
Chapter 7: Result: This chapter gives the result discussion followed by conclusion, future
enhancements and references.
Chapter 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
Android is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touch screen mobile
devices such as smart phones and tablet computers. Initially developed by Android, Inc., which
Google backed financially and later bought in 2005.Android was unveiled in 2007 along with the
founding of the Open Handset Alliance: a consortium of hardware, Proceedings of National
Conference on New Horizons in IT - NCNHIT 2013 135 ISBN 978-93-82338-79-6software, and
telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. Android
is open source and Google releases the code under the Apache License. This open-source code
and permissive licensing allows the software to be freely modified and distributed by device
manufacturers. Additionally, Android has a large community of developers writing applications
("apps") that extend the functionality of devices, written primarily in a customized version of the
Java programming language.
2.1Survey Papers
2.1.1 Intelligent Ambulance Traffic Assistance System
(International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 4, No. 8, 2013)
AUTHOR:Ronojoy Ghosh, Vivek Shah, Hitesh Agarwal, AshutoshBhushan, PrasunKanti
This paper is used to make ambulance reach the spot in time. There are 2 nodes. The
current location of the user is detected through GPRS. The destination is asked from the user.
Here we make use of shortest path algorithm to find out the ambulance that is closest to the user’s
location. Most of the time, the optimum path is chosen. The ambulances find it difficult to reach
the spot. Taking the patient to the hospital becomes a very difficult task. Given the traffic in our
country it’s hard for the ambulance to pass through. In order to resolve this issue, we change the
color of the traffic lights to green as the ambulance approaches the signal. All the traffic lights
except the one that will let the ambulance pass will be made red. The traffic lights will have a
Bluetooth scanner.
2.1.6 Survey Paper on Vehicle Tracking System using GPS and Android
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET)
Volume 3 Issue 11, November 2014
AUTHOR: Amol Dhumal, Amol Naikoji, YutikaPatwa, Manali Shilimkar, Prof. M. K. Nighot
In this paper, a GPS based vehicle tracking system is proposed for an organization to help
to find addresses of their vehicles and locate their positions on mobile devices. The organizations
are investing money in monitoring and tracking vehicles aiming at improving services and
ensuring the safety in cargos transports. The propose system will give the exact location of
vehicle with distance between user and vehicle. The proposal allows organizations to track real-
time information about their proposed vehicle during travel.
Almost all research to date has focused on either EMS or ED planning and operation and
as far as we are aware there are no models which have considered the coordination of these units.
We propose an analytical model which will allow us to analyze and explore the ambulance
offload delay problem. We use queuing theory to construct a system representing the interaction
of EMS and ED, and model the behavior of the system as a continuous time Markov chain. The
matrix geometric method will be used to numerically compute various system performance
measures under divergent conditions.
The main aim of this project is designing a system which is capable of continuous
monitoring of path of the vehicle on PC with Google Earth Application. Here the important issue
is displaying the map on several various scales which are adopted by the users. The heart
elements in the implementation of this project are GPS, GSM and MCU. The GPS-GSM
integrated structure is designed to track the vehicles by using Google earth application.
Chapter 3
Our application is designed in such a way that every user should be comfortably using
that app. User interface of this application is very simply, user friendly, so that every user can
use this application well. User need not to have a special skill or knowledge to handle the
application.
2. The application gets activated when the power button is long pressed.
3. It will provide the GPS link along with the location of the accident spot.
To track the accurate location of victim we are using Google GPS, instead of SP’s signal.
This GPS link obtained from Google GPS is attached in message and sent to the friends and
families contact number.
Ambulance personnel can know the medical details of the patient and make preparations.
Ambulance personnel can know the severity of the situation and also knows the situation
is fake or real.
Security is the degree of resistance to, or protection from, harm. It applies to any
vulnerable and valuable asset, such as a person, dwelling, community, nation, or organization.
Usability is the ease of use and learn ability of a human-made object. The object of use
can be a software applications, website, book, tool, machine, process, or anything a human
interacts with. A usability study may be conducted as a primary job function by a usability
analyst or as a secondary job function by designers, technical writers, marketing personnel, and
others.
Testability is the degree to which a software artifact (i.e. a software system, software
module, requirements- or design document) supports testing in a given test context. If the
testability of the software artifact is high, then finding faults in the system (if it has any) by
means of testing is easier.
Maintainability is the ease with which a product can be maintained in order to isolate
defects or their cause, correct defects or their cause, repair or replace faulty or worn-out
components without having to replace still-working parts, prevent unexpected breakdowns etc.
In some cases, maintainability involves a system of continuous improvement learning from the
past in order to improve the ability to maintain systems, or improve reliability of systems based
on maintenance experience.
The hardware and software components of a computer system are required to install and
use software efficiently. System requirements for operating systems will be hardware
components, while other application software will list both hardware and operating system
requirements. System requirements are most commonly seen listed as minimum and
recommended requirements.
• 8GB RAM
• 200MHz processor
App requirements:
This app requires a smart phone with android version 3.0 and above, it requires internet
otherwise SMS sending should be enabled. The app should be given permission to turn on internet
and GPS.
Chapter 4
The user after installing the app will have to register into the app and he/she will have to
enter their medical history and emergency contacts. This medical history gets uploaded to the
server.
Database: The database is hosted on a server. The database contains the medical history of the
patient, contact details of their family and friends. Using maps we can search the nearby hospitals
but maps doesn’t contain the names of all hospitals. Thus we are making a list of all hospitals in a
particular area and uploading it to the database. We are also providing an option for the user to
enter his preferred hospital.
GPS: The GPS concept is based on time and the known position of specialized satellites. The
satellites carry very stable atomic clocks that are synchronized with one another and to ground
clocks. Any drift from true time maintained on the ground is corrected daily. Likewise, the
satellite locations are known with great precision. GPS receivers have clocks as well; however,
they are usually not synchronized with true time, and are less stable. GPS satellites continuously
transmit their current time and position. A GPS receiver monitors multiple satellites and solves
equations to determine the precise position of the receiver and its deviation from true time. At a
minimum, four satellites must be in view of the receiver for it to compute four unknown
quantities (three position coordinates and clock deviation from satellite time).
SMS: An SMS gateway allows a computer to send or receive Short Message Service (SMS)
transmissions to or from a telecommunications network. Most messages are eventually routed
into the mobile phone networks. Many SMS gateways support media conversion from email and
other formats.
Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi is the name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to
provide wireless high speed network connections. A common misconception is that the term Wi-
Fi is short for "wireless fidelity," however this is not the case. Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked
phrase that means IEEE 802.11x.
When there has been an accident the user activates emergency by pressing the power
button 3 times. On doing so, the current location of the user will be sent to the ambulances that are
nearby. The location of the ambulance will be determined through GPS. The app asks the user if
he wishes to send his details to the ambulance personnel. In order to avoid fake alerts a camera
option has been added that allows the user to take a picture of the accident spot. The ambulance
personnel can also understand the severity of the situation and make preparations accordingly.
The user will be next shown the list of ambulances nearby. The user will also be shown
the ambulances that have responded and the route information of the ambulances. Once the
ambulance reaches the spot they can confirm that they have reached. By doing this other
ambulances will receive the message and they can attend to other emergencies .This app doesn’t
restrict the user to use it only for himself. If the user sees someone else in distress he can activate
emergency in his own smart phone. Because of this, we have made the upload of medical history
optional. The ambulance after reaching the spot and upon confirming that they have reached will
be shown a list of hospitals nearby so they can take the patient quickly to the hospital. They are
also given an option to upload the vital statistics of the patient to be sent to the hospital so that the
hospital staff can make necessary arrangements based on the condition of the patient.
App to App messaging: We are making use wifi to send the location of the user to the
ambulance. In order to fetch the data in the database hosted on the server we make use of wifi.
Internet has wider reach compared to other communication technologies. This is the reason why
we have used it.
Offline mode: When there’s no internet connection the user may not get the required medical
attention. We make the app to work offline. An SMS will be sent to the preferred hospital that the
patient has given. The SMS will consist of the location of the user described in terms of latitude
and longitude. The same SMS will also be sent to the patient’s family and friends.
A high level design gives an overview of the system. However, this gives more
information for the user to understand the logic. Here, we see the basic knowledge about the
system design and architecture. Following are the issues that we see in this part which are the
primary components for a design.
High level design discusses an overview of our system should work and top level components
that compresses the proposed solutions. It should have very little details about implementation i.e,
no explicit class definitions and in cases not even details such as data base types ( relational or
object) and programming language and platform.
DFD is also known as bubble chart. A DFD may be used to represent a system at any
level of abstraction. DFD may be partitioned into levels that represent increasing
information flow and functional detail.
The new user has to register himself first. Every time he wishes to update or modify the
medical details he has to login. This is to keep his medical details tamper proof. When
emergency is activated the user can upload his medical details which will be sent to the
ambulance personnel. Now the app runs in the background. When emergency is activated a
request will be sent to the ambulance personnel alongwith location. If the user is offline then his
location will be sent as SMS message to the ambulance personnel. The app will display the
ambulances that have responded, to the user. The ambulance arrives at the spot and the patient is
taken to the hospital. The ambulance personnel will be shown the nearby hospitals to help take
the patient to the hospital quickly.
A low level description is one that describes individual components, provides details rather
than overview, rudimentary functions rather overview, rudimentary functions rather than complex
overall once, and is typically more concerned with individual components within the system and
how they operate. It is also known as detailed design is used to design internals of the individual
modules identified during high level design i.e., data structure and algorithms of the modules are
designed and documented.
//flow chart
A use case describes a sequence of actions that provide something of measurable value to an
actor and is drawn as a horizontal ellipse.
Actors
An actor is a person, organization, or external system that plays a role in one or more
interactions with the system.
A rectangle is drawn around the use cases, called the system boundary box, to indicate
the scope of system. Anything within the box represents functionality that is in scope.
Here the user should do login process during installation of our app .The user login to
our app by providing user name and password. The user should also provide first name, last
name, email id, phone number, and their friends and family contact number. This personal details
of user and user name, password used during registration process will be stored in database .
Here user will be provided option to enter their medical history. If they have problems
like BP, Diabetes ,Cardiac disease or any other problems. These details will be stored in database
for future access.
Here the users when activated the emergency button, the user location or area of
emergency spot will be sent to nearby ambulances using GPS. The nearby ambulances which are
responding and approaching the spot of emergency will be displayed at user side of app. If user
of app is in emergency then the medical details of user will sent to ambulances otherwise only
location will be sent to ambulance.
Here the ambulance side of users should login before using the app. Using user name and
password the user should do registration process .The user name and password will be sent to
database.
Here the ambulance will be provided option for upload the patients vital status and
patients information to the nearby hospitals while taking the patient to the nearby hospital.
Chapter 5
IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation phase of software development is concerned with translating design
specification into source code. The primary goal of software implementation is production of
source code that is easy to read and understood. Source code clarity is enhanced by structural
coding techniques.
Program codes are written following the structured coding technique, which shows the
control flow, so that the execution sequence follows the sequence in which codes are written.
This enhances the readability of code, which eases understanding, debugging ,testing
documentation, and modification of the programs.
Public onBackpressed()
Return to previous screen.
2. In medical details activity the medical details of the user is stored to the server like Blood
group, BP, diabetes, heart attack, paralysis.
public booleancheckDrawOverlayPermission()
Overlay should be permitted. The app should be allowed to draw over other apps.
A dialog box will be opened when we press send info. This asks whether we wish
to send our info or others’ info
This is to adjust the size of the image captured. max Height and width values of the
compressed image is taken as 816x612
An alert message will appear if gps is disabled. It asks whether you wish to enable
GPS or not. If yes is pressed it will enable itself.
3. In user registration activity we are taking care of the registration of the user.
The user should enter details such as name, age, address and choose gender. The user
also should enter friend or family contact number. In case of emergency this contact
number will be sent the location of the user. If the contact number entered is less than 10
digits an error will be shown. If any fields are empty then an error message will be
displayed. A submit button is provided at the end.
removeitem ()
Removes the items from the list.
5. In Powerbutton activation
Long pressing power button activates emergency. The user details will be fetched
from server. The user’s latitude and longitude will be fetched.
An SMS will be sent to our contacts that we have entered in the user details. The
message will have the latitude and longitude of the user’s location along with a text “Pls
Help! I am near”
Then a messeage will be displayed saying that SMS has been sent.
After the ambulance has responded a notification will be received by the user. The
system should’ve allowed notifications.
establishing communication with a server the client can access the contents uploaded into
the server.
Chapter 6
SYSTEM TESTING
Software system meets its requirements and user expectations and does not fail in an
unacceptable manner. There are various types of test. Each test type addresses a specific testing
requirement.
TYPES OF TESTS
Unit testing
Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is
functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and
internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the
application .it is done after the completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a
structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests perform
basic tests at component level and test a specific business process, application, and/or system
configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process performs accurately
to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs and expected results.
Integration testing
Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to determine if they
actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more concerned with the basic
outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests demonstrate that although the components were
individually satisfaction, as shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of components is
correct and consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the problems that
arise from the combination of components.
Functional test
Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are available as
specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation, and user manuals.
TEST STEPS
The
TC1 The application
Turn on the Long press the application
Emergency STEP should be
emergency. power button. should be Pass
activation 1 activated.
activated.
Check
whether the
user is able
TC3 User User
to see two Click the Pass
STEP registration registration
First user buttons i.e., “Register user”
1 form should form should
interface Register button.
be displayed. be displayed.
user and
Register
ambulance.
Check
A message A message
whether the
TC5 should be should be
user is able
displayed displayed
User to see the
Click on “send STEP saying saying
response “send info” Pass
info” button. 1 whether to whether to
during button to
send your send your
emergency respond to
data or data or
the
others. others.
emergency.
By selecting
others option,
the control The user The user
should STEP should be should be
Pass
automatically 3 able to take able to take
go to the the picture. the picture.
camera to take
the picture.
have have
responded. responded.
notification. notification.
Chapter 7
RESULTS
7.1 Snapshots
Fig3: After registering as user enter person Fig4: Enter user medical details
information
Fig5: Save medical details or send it to ambulance Fig6: Send medical details of self or
personnel others to ambulance personnel
Fig7: camera feature to take a snap of Fig8: Offline feature for sending SMS to
accident spot. friends and family showing location of
accident spot.
Fig 14: Location of the accident spot. Fig 15: Ambulance personnel can
accept or decline to go to the spot.
Fig 16: After accepting the Fig 17: The route can be shown
connection from the accident spot and direction can be shown.
will be made.
CONCLUSION
An application is developed that helps the ambulance reach the patient in time and saves
the life.
The app will display all the ambulances which have responded and which are nearby to
the spot of the accident or emergency.
Once the ambulance reaches the spot and picks up the patient, the ambulance will upload
the information which will be read by the hospital personal and keep everything ready if
it is really critical.
In order to avoid fake alerts and to know the severity of the situation a camera option has
been added that allows the user to take a picture of the accident spot
When there is no internet connection, an SMS will be sent to the preferred hospital and
emergency contacts that the user has stored.
The app also will provide the route information of the ambulance to all its users who are
travelling so that they can make way for the ambulance.
FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
Future scope of this project can be planned by using some of the similar concepts used in
this project.
We can even add a sensor to the vehicles which automatically detects the accident and
triggers the emergency button.
In order to save lives there are many other factors which can be taken into consideration.
Traffic is one of the most serious issues faced in day to day life. This can create delay for
the ambulance to reach the hospital.
Traffic police can help in this if they know the ambulance’s current location in advance.
For the same, traffic police will be provided with an application which shows the current
location of ambulance through GPS. Henceforth, traffic police will be able to clear the
traffic in prior making way for the ambulance.
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APPENDIX A
A.1 Android
Android is a mobile operating system that is based on modified version of Linux. It was
originally developed by a start-up of the same name, Android, Inc. In 2005, as part of its strategy
to enter the mobile space; Google purchased Android and took over its development work.
Google wanted Android to be open and free; hence most of the Android code was
released under the open source Apache License, which means that anyone who wants to use
Android can do so by downloading the full Android source code.
The main advantage of adopting Android is that it offers a unified approach to application
development. Developers need only develop for Android, and their applications should be able to
run on numerous different devices, as long as the devices are powered using android.
A android is an open source and freely available to the manufacturers for customization,
there are no fixed hardware or software configuration. Android supports the following features:
The Android OS is roughly divided into five sections in four main layers:
1. Linux Kernel: Thisis the kernel on which Android is based. This layer contains all the
low level drivers for the various hardware components of an Android device.
2. Libraries: These contain all the code that provides the main features of an Android OS.
For example, the SQLite Library provides database support so that an application can use
it for data storage. The WebKit library provides functionalities of web browsing.
3. Android runtime: At the same layer as the libraries, the Android runtime provides a set
of core libraries that enable developers to write Android apps using java programming
language. The Android runtime also includes the Dalvik virtual machine, which enables
every Android application to run in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik
virtual machine. Dalvik is specialized devices with limited memory and CPU.
4. Application framework: Exposes the various capabilities of the Android OS to
application developers so that they can make use of them in their applications.
5. Application: At this top layer, you will find applications that ship with the Android
device, as well as applications that you download and install form the Android market.