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CHEMISRY

Set-1 - 10
 CHEMISRY (Set-1)

Choose the correct answer :- (1 mark each)

1. A B A
Y
AB3 A3B AB AB2
The structure of a compound made of elements A and B is crystalised. The atom ‘A’
is situated at the corners and atom ‘B’ is situated at the centre of each face of the
cube. What is the formula of this compound?
(a) AB3 (b) A3B (c) AB (d) AB2

0.1 M NaCl 0.1 M BaCl2

0.1 M Sucrose 0.1 M Glucose
Which has maximum boiling point at one atmosphoric pressure ?
(a) 0.1 M NaCl (b) 0.1 M BaCl2
(c) 0.1 M Sucrose (d) 0.1 M Glucose

Faraday’s second law of electrolysis is related -

(a) with velocity of positive ions (b) with atomic number
of negative ions
(c) with atoms of positive ions (d) with equivalent weight of electrolyte

The main source of helium is

(a) Radium (b) Monazite (c) Air (d) Water
Ni(CO)4

What is oxidation number of nickel in Ni(CO)4 ?

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 2

NH3 H2O HF HCl

Which of the following does not form Hydrogen bonding ?
(a) NH3 (b) H2O (c) HF (d) HCl
 Cn H2n Cn H 2n–2 Cn H 2n+2
The general formula of alkene is–
(a) Cn H2n (b) Cn H 2n–2 (c) Cn H 2n+2 (d) None
of these

Isoprene monomer is present in which of the following?

(a) Natural rubber (b) Terylene
(b) Nylon – 6, 6 (d) Polythene

CH3CHO HCHO HCOOH CH3COOH

The distillation of calcium formate, gives -
(a) CH3CHO (b) HCHO (c) HCOOH (d)
CH3COOH

The unit for rate constant for a reaction is mole L–1sec–1. The order of the reaction is–
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

E° G
G
Spontaneous cell reaction will occur when
(a) E° is negative. (b) G is negative
(c) G is positive. (d) None of these

Fog is the colloidal system of-

(a) Gas in liquid (b) Liquid in gas
(c) Solid in liquid (d) Liquid in liquid
 CO2+ Ni2+ Cu2+ Zn2+
Which one of these is diamagnetic ?
(a) CO2+ (b) Ni2+ (c) Cu2+ (d) Zn2+
[Fe(H 2O)5 NO]SO4 Fe

The O.S. of Fe in brown ring complex [Fe(H 2O)5 NO]SO4 is-

(a) +1 (b) + 2 (c) + 3 (d) + 4

CaCl2 CaO
H2SO4 P4O10
Ammonia is dried from
(a) Anhydrous CaCl2 (b) CaO
(c) Conc. H2SO4 (d) P4O10
C

Vitamin ‘C’ is–

(a) Maleic acid (b) Ascorbic acid (c) Paracetamol(d) Lactic
acid
1°, 2° 3°

1°, 2° and 3° alcohols are distinguished by

(a) Oxidation method (b) Lucos test
(c) Victor Mayer test (d) All

NH3 CH3NH2 (CH3)2NH (CH3)3N

Which one is the most alkaline ?
(a) NH3 (b) CH3NH2 (c) (CH3)2NH (d) (CH3)3N

H2 , O2 O2 , H 2 O2 , Na O2 , SO2
Using inert electrode, electrolysis is done in the aqueous solution of sodium sulphate,
What are the products obtained at cathode and at anode ?
(a) H 2 , O2 (b) O2 , H2 (c) O2 , Na (d) O2 , SO2
The half life period of a reaction is inversely proportional to the initial concentration.
The order of reaction is–
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

Which enzyme is converting glucose into alcohol ?

(a) Maltose (b) Diastase (c) Zymase (d) Invertase
NH2

The NH2 group in benzene is–

(a) Ortho-directing (b) Meta directing
(c) Ortho-para directing (d) Para-directing

1° < 2° < 3° 1° > 2° > 3° 1° > 3° > 2° 1° < 3° < 2°

The order of esterification of alcohol is–
(a) 1° < 2° < 3° (b) 1° > 2° > 3° (c) 1° > 3° > 2°(d) 1° < 3°
< 2°

The volume of one litre of a gas at NTP is–

(a) 11.2 L (b) 22.4 L (c) 10.2 L (d) 22.8 L

Which one is not affected by temperature–

(a) Normality (b) Malality (c) Molarity (d) Formality

CO FeSiO3 MgCiO3 CaSiO3

In the extraction fo iron, prduced slag is–
(a) CO (b) FeSiO3 (c) MgCiO3 (d) CaSiO3
 The meaning of lanthanide contraction is–
(a) Decrease in density (b) Decrease in mass
(c) Decrease in ionic radius (d) Decrease in activity

The reaction between alkylhalide and sodium metal in the presence of ether is called
(b) Wurtz reaction (b) Kolbe reaction
(c) Clamensen reaction (d) None of these

SOLUTION
(1) (a) (2) (b) (3) (d) (4) b) (5) (c)
(6) (d) (7) (a) (8) (a) (9) (b) (10) (a)
(11) (b) (12) (b) (13) (d) (14) (a) (15) (c)
(16) (b) (17) (d) (18) (c) (19) (a) (20) (c)
(21) (c) (22) (c) (23) (b) (24) (b) (25) (b)
(26) (d) (27) (c) (28) (a)
Very Short Questions :– (2 marks each)

Q. (a) Explain Raoult’s law.

(b) How is Raoult’s law a special condition of Henry’s law ?

A B

 pA  X A pB  X B
Or, p A  pA  X A pB  pB  X B
p A p B

PT  p A  pB
PT  pA  X A  pB  X B

p A  pA  X A ... (1)

pA  KH  X A ... (2)

Ans. (a) Raoult’s law – Accordint to this law, the paritial V.P. of each componentof a
solution at constant temperature is directly proportional to its mole fraction.
Suppose, in a binary solution, both components are volatile. Suppose, the
components are A and B.
  p A  X A and pB  X B
Or, p A  pA  X A and pB  pB  X B
Here, pA and pB
 are the V.P. of components A and B in pure state.

Thus, partial V.P. of each component is equal to product of its mole fraction
and V.P. of that component in pure state.
Total pressure,
PT  p A  pB
Or, PT  pA  X A  pB  X B
(b) According to Raoult’s law,
The V.P. of a volatile component is expressed by the relation.
p A  pA  X A ... (1)
For the solution of gas in liquid, the solubility is determined by Henry’s law.
According to this law,
pA  KH  X A ... (2)
Where, KH = Henery’s law constant
Comparing equations (1) and (2), we get that V.P. of volatile component or a gas is
directly proportional to its mole fraction. Thus, Raoult’s law is special state of Henry’s law.

100°C

Q. 18 gm glucose is mixed with 178.2 gm water. What will be the V.P. of water in
this solution at 100°C ?
°C p0 = 760 m.m.
18 178.2
n  0.1, N   9.9
180 18

p0 – p n
 n, N n N N
p 0 n N
p –p n 760 – p 0.1
 0  or,   p  752.3 m.m.
p0 N 760 9.9
Ans. V.P. of water at 100°C = p0 = 760 m.m.
18 178.2
n  0.1, N   9.9
180 18
We know that,
 p0 – p n
 since n  N ,  n  N  N
p0 n N
p – p n 760 – p 0.1
 0  or,   p  752.3 m.m.
p0 N 760 9.9

Q. How are metals purified by electrolytic method ?

Ans. For the purification of metal in electrolytic method thick anode of impure metal and
thin cathode of pure metal are made. The electrolyte is made of aqueous solution of
salts of metals.
When electricity is passed through the solution, the impure metal begins to
dissolve and metal ions in the solution deposits on cathode. As a result otf this,
cathode becomes thick and anode becomes thin. Oxidation takes place at anode and
reduction occurs at cathode. The impurities are settle as anode mud in the bottom of
vessel.
 + –

BrF3
Q. What are the inter halogen compounds ? Determine the structure of BrF3.

ClF3 , BrF5 , IF7

X –Y
X–X
BrF3
sp3d
T-

Ans. Interhalogen compounds – Those compounds which are made by different halogens
with covalent bond, are called interhalogen compounds. This compound is formed
due to difference in electronegativities of different halogens. Halogen with large size
and low electronegativity is the central atom in compound.
Ex – ClF3, BrF5, IF7 etc.
Inter halogen compound is more reactive than its component halogen.
Because, the bond in X-Y is more weaker than the bond in X-X. This compound is
strong oxidising agent.
Structure of BrF3
Hybridisation = sp3d
 Two lone pair of electrons are present. Therefore, its shape is of T-shaped.

1°, 2° 3°

Q. How will you separate 1°, 2° and 3° alcohol by Lucas test ?

1°, 2° 3°
HCl ZnCl2
3°
ZnCl
R – OH + HCl 
2  R – Cl + H O
2
2° 1°

Ans. LUCAS TEST – 1°, 2° and 3° alcohol are tested by Lucas reagent. Lucas reagent is
the mixture of conc. HCl and ZnCl2. When Lucas reagent is added to unknown
alcohols, 3°–alcohol forms turbidity immediately.
ZnCl
R – OH + HCl 
2  R – Cl + H O
2
2° alcohol produces turbidity within five minutes.
1° alcohol does not produce turbidity at room temperature.

Q. Differentiate the following–

(a) Acetaldehyde and Ketone
(b) Phenol and alcohol

1. CH3CHO O
||
1. CH3 – C – CH3
2. 2.
 3. 3.

4. 4. NaOH

1. C6 H5OH 1. C2 H5OH
2. FeCl3 2. FeCl3

3. 3.

Ans. (a)
Acetaldehyde Ketone (Acetone)
1. Formula CH3CHO O
||
CH3 – C – CH3
1.

2. With alcohol, it gives 2. It does not react with

acetal. alcohol.
3. When reacted with 4. It does not give precipitate
Fehling solution, it with Fehling solution.
gives red precipitate.
4. When reacted with 4. When reacted with NaOh, it
NaOH, it gives resin. does not give resin.

(b)
Phenol Alcohol (Ethyl alcohol)
1. Formula C6 H5OH 1. C2 H5OH
2. It produces violet 2. It foes not react with FeCl3
colour with FeCl3
3. It is acidic in nature 3. It is neutral in nature
 K
Q. Determine the equilibrium constant of following reaction–
Zn(s) + Cu2+ ( aq )  Zn 2  (aq )  Cu( s )
E  – 0.76 V, E    0.34 V
Zn2 / Zn Cu2 / Cu

G  – 2.303 RT log KC

– nFE   – 2.303  8.314  298log KC
2.303  8.314  298
nE   log KC  0.0591log K C
96500
E   0.34 – (0.76)  1.10 V, n  2
2  1.1
log KC   37.29  KC  1.95  1037
0.059
Ans. We know that
G  – 2.303 RT log KC
or, – nFE   – 2.303  8.314  298log KC
2.303  8.314  298
or, nE   log KC  0.0591log K C
96500
E   0.34 – (0.76)  1.10 V, n  2
2  1.1
log KC   37.29  KC  1.95  1037
0.059

Q. What are the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts ? Explain with

examples.

NO( g )
SO 2 ( g )  O2 ( g ) 
 2SO3 ( g )
HCl( aq )
CH3COOH(l )  CH3OH(l )  CH 3COOCH 3 (l )  H 2O(l )

Fe( s )
N 2 ( g )  3H 2 ( g )  2NH3 ( g )
Ni( s )
C 2 H 4 ( g )  H 2 ( g )  C 2 H 6 ( g )
Ans. Homogenous Catalysis – Those catalysis in which both reactants and catalysts are in
same state, are called homogeneous catalysis.
 NO( g )
SO 2 ( g )  O2 ( g ) 
 2SO3 ( g )
Heterogeneous Catalysis – Those catalysis in which of reactants and catalysts are in
different states, are called heterogeneous catalysis.
Fe( s )
Ex– N 2 ( g )  3H 2 ( g )  2NH3 ( g )
Ni( s )
C 2 H 4 ( g )  H 2 ( g )  C 2 H 6 ( g )

Q. Write the IUPAC names of the following–

O O O
(a) || || (b) ||
CH 3 – C – CH 2 – CH 2 – C – OH CH 3 – C – O – C2 H5

Ans. (a) 3-oxopentanoic acid

(b) Ethylethanoate

Q. Potassium permaganate is oxidising agent. Explain it with reactions.

2KMnO4 + 3H 2SO4  K 2SO4  2MnSO4  3H 2O + 5[O] ... (1)

2KI + H 2SO4  K 2SO4  2HI 
2HI + [CO]  H 2O  I2 5 ... (2)

(1) (2)
2KMnO4 + 8H 2SO4  10KI  6K 2SO 4  2MnSO 4  8H 2O + 5I 2

2KMnO4 + H2O  KI  KIO3  2KOH  2MnO2

2KMnO4 + H 2O  2KOH  2MnO2  3[O]

Ans. Potassium permaganate is strong oxidising agent. It is acting as oxidising agent in
acidic basic and neutral medium.
Acidic medium–
2KMnO4 + 3H 2SO4  K 2SO4  2MnSO4  3H 2O + 5[O] ... (1)
 2KI + H 2SO4  K 2SO4  2HI 
2HI + [CO]  H 2O  I2 5 ... (2)

On adding (1) and (2)
2KMnO4 + 8H 2SO4  10KI  6K 2SO 4  2MnSO 4  8H 2O + 5I 2
Alkaline medium
2KMnO4 + H2O  KI  KIO3  2KOH  2MnO2
Neutral medium
2KMnO4 + H 2O  2KOH  2MnO2  3[O]
2.3  10 –3 sec –1

Q. The specific rate constant of first order reaction is 2.3  10 –3 sec –1 . Determine its
average life and half life period.

t1 0.693 t 0.693
= or, 1 = = 300
2 K 2 2.31  10 –3
t
 1.44  1
2
 1.44  300  433 sec
Ans. We know that
t1 0.693 t 0.693
= or, 1 = = 300
2 K 2 2.31  10–3
t
Average life  1.44  1
2
 1.44  300  433
Long Questions :–

Q. (a) What do you mean by magnetic properties of solid substance.

(b) Explain the followings–
(i) Paramagnetism (ii) Anti Ferromagnetism
(iii) Ferrimagnetism (iv) Diamagnetism

O2, Cu2+, Fe3+


MnO

 
Fe3O 4 , MgFe 2O3 , ZnFe 2O3 etc.
 C6 H 6 , Zn 2+ , Sc3+
Ans. (a) Magnetic properties of solid – The magnetic properties of a substance depend
upon magnetic moment of the substance. The matter is made of atoms. In atom, there
is nucleus and electrons are revolving round the nucleus. The moving electron is
considered as small electrid loop. This small electric loop produces magnetic field.
This is the reason that there creates magnetic properties in solid substances.
(b) (i) Paramagnetism – That substance is called paramagnetic substance in which
there is the presence of unpaired electrons. Such substances are weekly
attracted by magnets.
Ex – O2, Cu2+, Fe3+ etc.
(ii) Antiferromagnetism – Those substances whose domains are oriented in
opposite directions equally are called antiferromagnetic substances. Due to
opposite orientations, mangnetic moments are cancelled.

Ex –
MnO
(iii) Ferrimagnetism – Those substances whose domains are orientated in
parallel and antiparallel directions in unequal number are called
ferrimagnetism. These substances are attracted weakly by magnetic fields.

Ex –
Fe3O 4 , MgFe 2O3 , ZnFe2 O3 etc.
(iv) Diamagnetism – Those substances in which pair electrons are present, are
called diamagnetic substances. Those substances are repelled by magnets.
Ex – C6 H 6 , Zn 2+ , Sc3+ etc.

K 2 mol L–1sec–1 K 32
mol L sec –1 –1

Q. (a) Explain Nernst equation for the determination of electrode potential in a

Dariel cell.
(b) The rate constants of a reaction at 700 K is 2 mol L–1sec–1 and at 800 K, it is
32 mol L–1sec–1. Calculate activation energy.
 A+BL+M

[L][M]
G = G° + RT ln ... (1)
[A][B]

G = – nFE, G° = – nFE

n = E E°

Hence, equation (1) becomes–

[L][M]
–nFE = –nFE° + 2.303RT log
[A][B]
2.303RT [L][M]
E = E° – log ... (2)
nF [A][B]

K Ea  1 1
log 2   – 
K1 2.303R  T1 T2 

, K1 = 2molL–1sec –1, K 2 = 32 molL–1sec –1

T1 = 700K, T2 = 800K, Ea =
32 Ea  1 1 
 log =  – 
2 2.303  8.314 700 800 
Ea  800 – 700 
log24 =
2.303  8.314  700  800 
Ea 100
or, 4  0.301 = 
2.303  8.314 700  800
 Ea = 4  0.301  2.303  8.314  7  800 Joule
= 129.11 KJ/mol

Ans. (a) Nernst equation – In Daniel cell, the redox reaction take place.
Consider a redox reaction as–
A+BL+M
For this reaction, thermodynamically,
[L][M]
G = G° + RT ln ... (1)
[A][B]
 We know that
G = – nFE, G° = – nFE
Where n = Number of electrons involved in reaction, E and E° are electrode potentials
in any state and in standard state.
Hence, equation (1) becomes–
[L][M]
–nFE = –nFE° + 2.303RT log
[A][B]
2.303RT [L][M]
or, E = E° – log ... (2)
nF [A][B]
The equation (2) represents Nernst equation.
(b) We know that
K Ea  1 1
log 2   – 
K1 2.303R  T1 T2 

Here, K1 = 2molL–1sec –1, K 2 = 32 molL–1sec –1

T1 = 700K, T2 = 800K, Ea = Activation energy
32 Ea  1 1 
 log =  – 
2 2.303  8.314 700 800 
Ea  800 – 700 
log24 =
2.303  8.314  700  800 
Ea 100
or, 4  0.301 = 
2.303  8.314 700  800
 Ea = 4  0.301  2.303  8.314  7  800 Joule
= 129.11 KJ/mol

Q. Convert the followings–

(a) Acetone from ethylalcohol
(b) Propionic acid from ethylbromide
 (c) Ethylamine from methylamine
(d) Iodoform from acetone
(e) Ethylalcohol from methylalcohol

Ans. (a) Acetone from ethylalcohol –

K Cr O / H SO Ca(OH)
C 2 H5OH 
2 2 7 2 4  CH COOH 
3
2
[O]
O
||
Distillation
[CH3COO]2Ca 
 CH 3 – C – CH 3
(b) Propionic acid from ehtylbromide
Alc. KCN Hydrolysis
C 2 H5 Br 
 C2 H5CN 
 C 2 H 5COOH
(c) Ethylamine from methylamine
HNO PCL KCN
CH3 NH 2 
2  CH OH 
3
5 CH 3Cl  CH3CN
Reduction

 CH3CH 2 NH 2
(d) Iodoform from acetone
O
||
I / NaOH
CH3 – C – CH3 
2  CHI3
(e) Ethyl alcohol from methyl alcohol
HBr Na/Ether Cl
CH 3OH 
 CH 3Br   C 2 H 6 
2  C H Cl
2 5 hv
AgoH
 C2 H5OH

Zn

AlCl3 CH3Cl

HNO2

Q. What happens when–

(a) Phenol is distilled with zinc dust.
(b) Dehydration of ethylalcohol is done.
(c) Benzne is reacted with CH3Cl in presence of AlCl3.
(d) Acetic acid is reacted with ethylalcohol.
(e) Ethylamine is reacted with HNO2.
Zn
 CH3Cl AlCl3

H+
CH 3COOH + C 2 H 5OH 
 CH3COOC 2 H 5 + H 2O
HNO2

C 2 H 5 NH 2 + HNO2 
 C3H 5OH + N 2 + H 2 O

Ans. (a) When phenol is distilled with Zinc dust, benzene is formed.

(b) When ethylalcohol is dehydrated, ethene is formed.

Conc. H SO
C 2 H5OH 
2 4C H + H O
2 4 2
(c) When benzene is freacted with CH3Cl in presence of AlCl3, toulene
is formed.
 (d) When acetic acid is reacted with ethylalcohol, ehtylacetate (ester)
is formed.
H+
CH 3COOH + C 2 H 5OH 
 CH3COOC 2 H 5 + H 2O
(e) When ethylamine is reacted with HNO2 ethyl alcohol is formed
C 2 H 5 NH 2 + HNO 2 
 C3H 5OH + N 2 + H 2O

BrF5 XeF4 SF4 NH3 IF7

Q. Write the structures of the following
(a) BrF5 (b) XeF4 (c) SF4 (d) NH3 (e) IF7
BrF5
= sp3d2

(b) XeF4
= sp3d2

(c) SF4
= sp3d
See-saw

(d) NH3
= sp3
 (e) IF7
= sp3d3

Ans. (a) BrF5

Hybridisation = sp3d2
One lone pair of electron is present. Therefore, the structure is distored octahedral.

(b) XeF4
Hybridisation = sp3d2
Two lonepair of electrons are present. Therefore, the structure is square planar.

(c) SF4
Hybridisation = sp3d
One lonepair of electron is present. Therefore, the structure is see-saw.

(d) NH3
Hybridisation = sp3
One lonepair of electrons is present. So, the structure is pyramidal.

(e) IF7
 Hybridisation = sp3d3
The structure is pentagonal bipyramidal.

CHEMISRY (Set-2)

Choose the correct answer :- (1 mark each)

1. NaCl

NaCl crystal structure is–

(a) Body centred (b) Face centred (c) Tetragonal (d) Simple cubic

In body centred cubic crystal structure co-ordinate number of atom is-

(b) 4 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 12

Number of basic types of crystals are-

(b) 4 (b) 7 (c) 14 (d) 8

Which of the following increases the rate of physical adsorption-

(b) Decrease in temperature (b) Increase in
temperature
(c) Decrease in pressure (d) Decrease in surface are
K

The value of velocity constant (K) of reaction depends on-

(a) Concentration of Reactants (b) Concentration of products
(c) Volume (d) Temperature
Iron is a–
(a) Paramagnetic substance (b) Diamagnetic substance
(c) Ferromagnetic substance (d) Ferrimagnetic substance

K  A  e – Ea / RT K  e – Ea / RT
K  Ae Ea / RT K  e Ea / RT

Arrhenius equation is–

(b) K  A  e – Ea / RT (b) K  e – Ea / RT
(c) K  Ae Ea / RT (d) K  e Ea / RT
colligative property

Which of the following is not a collegative property ?

(c) Vapour pressure (b) Osmotic pressure
(d) Elevation in boiling point (d) Depression in freezing
point

Electrolysis is used in–

(b) Electrorefining (b) Electroplating
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

Colloidal particles of soap in water is-

(b) Negatively charged (b) Neutral
(c) Positively charged (d) Negatively and positively charged
Milk is–
(b) Dispersion of fats in oil (b) Dispersion of fats in
water
(c) Dispersion of water in fat (d) Dispersion of water in
oil
CHI3
CHI3
CHI3
The antiseptic action of CHI3 is due to7
(b) CHI3 (b) Liberation of free
iodine
(c) Iodide ions (d) Iodine and CHI3 both

Which of the following is a secondary alkyl halide ?

(b) Isobutyl chloride (b) Isopentyl chloride
(c) Neopentyl chloride (d) Isopropyl chloride
CF2Cl 2

CF2Cl 2 is used as a/an–

(b) Antiseptic (b) Insecticide (c) Analgesic (d)
Refrigerant

Elimination Dehydrogenation
Addition substitution
The alkyl halide is converted into an alcohol by
(b) Elimination (b) Dehydrogenation (c) Addition(d) Substitution

Lucas test is used to distinguish–

(b) Amine (b) Ethers (c) Alcohols(d) Alkyls
halides

Fehling test is positive for

(b) Acetaldehyde (b) Acetone (c) Ether (d) Amine

Which of the following will not undergo aldol condensation-

(b) Acetaldehyde (b) Propanaldehyde
(c) Benzaldehyde (d) Trideutero acetaldehyde

C x (H 2O)y C x (H 2 )y (CO) x (H 2 ) y (CO2 ) x (H 2O) y

The genral formula of carbohydrate is–

(b) C x (H 2O)y (b) C x (H 2 )y (c) (CO) x (H 2 ) y (d)
(CO2 ) x (H 2O) y

The number of chiral C- atom in cyclic structure of glucose is-

(b) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

p- s- d- f-
Which block of elements are known as transition elements ?
(b) p-block (b) s-block (c) d-block (d) f-block

IA IIA IVA
Sodium is a member of which group in periodic table ?
(b) Group-IA (b) Group-IIA
(c) Group-IVA (d) None of these
XeF4

The shape of XeF4 is–

(b) Tetrahedral (b) Square planar (c) Pyramidal (d) LInear
 Which one of the following elements is found in free state in nature-
(f) Sodium (b) Iron (c) Zince (d) Gold

Which one of the following is an alkaline earth element ?

(f) Carbon (b) Calcium (c) Zinc (d) Iron

Which one of the metal is liquid at normal temperature ?

(f) Zinc (b) Mercury
(g) Sodium (d) Water
HO – CH 2 – CH 2 – OH IUPAC

IUPAC name of HO – CH 2 – CH 2 – OH is
(f) Ethylene glycol (b) Ethane-1, 2-diol
(c) Ethyl-1, 2-diol (d) Ethylene diol

Protective sols are–

(g) Lyophilic (b) Lyophobic
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

SOLUTION
(1) (b) (2) (b) (3) (b) (4) (a) (5) (d)
(6) (c) (7) (a) (8) (a) (9) (c) (10) (a)
(11) (b) (12) (b) (13) (d) (14) (d) (15) (d)
(16) (c) (17) (a) (18) (c) (19) (a) (20) (c)
(21) (c) (22) (a) (23) (b) (24) (d) (25) (b)
(26) (b) (27) (b) (28) (a)
Very Short Questions :– (2 marks each)

Q. What do you meant about molecubility of a reaction. Explain with suitable

example.

NH4 NO2  N2  2H2O

1
2HI  H 2  I2
2
2NO + O2  2NO2
(2+1=3)
Ans. The no. of reacting species (atoms ions or molecules) taking part in an elementary
reaction, which most collide simultaneously in order to bring about a chemical
reaction is called molecularity of a reaction.
 For example:–
NH4 NO2  N2  2H2O
Unimolecular reaction
1
2HI  H 2  I2
Bimolecular reaction
2
2NO + O2  2NO2
Trimolecular reaction
(2+1=3)

Co-ordination number ccp bcc co-ordination

Q. What is meant by the term co-ordination number ? Find the co-ordination

number is ccp and bcc.
Co-ordination number

Co-ordination number in ccp = 12

Co-ordination number in bcc = 08
Ans. It is defined as the number of nearest neighbours of a particle in a close packed
structure.
Co-ordination number in ccp = 12
Co-ordination number in bcc = 08

Q. What is emulsion ? How many types of emulsion.

dispersed phase dispersion medium

dispersed
dispersed phase dispersion medium
dispersed
Ans. Emulsions are colloidal solution of two immicible liquids in which dispersion of
tinely divided droplets in another liquid occurs. Emulsion have been classified into
two types–
(i) Oil in water emulsion – In this dispersed phase is oil while the dispersion
medium is water.
Example – Milk (liquid fat is dispersed in water)
 (ii) Water in oil Emulsion – In this dispersed phase is water dispersion
medium is oil. Example– Butter (water is dispersed into oil)

CH 3CH 2 C HCOOH [ K b  1.4  10 –3 ,

|
Cl
K f  1.86 K.Kg/mole]

Q. Calculate depression in the freezing point of water when 10 gm of

CH 3CH 2 C HCOOH is added to 250 gm of water.
|
Cl
[ K b  1.4  10 –3 , K f  1.86 K.Kg/mole]

1000  T f  W2
T f =
m2  W1
W2 = 10 , W1 = 250 , m2 = 122.5 , Kf = 1.86 . /
1000  1.86  10
T f =
250  122.5
T f = 0.607°C

Ans. We know that

1000  T f  W2
T f =
m2  W1
W2 = 10 gm, W1 = 250 gm, m2 = 122.5 gm, Kf = 1.86 K.Kg/mole
1000  1.86  10
T f =
250  122.5
T f = 0.607°C

Q. Write name of two orres of copper.

CuFeS2
2CuCO 3  Cu(OH) 2
Ans. The name of two ores of copper:–
(a) Copper Pyrites – CuFeS2
(b) Azurite – 2CuCO 3  Cu(OH)2
Q. What is meant by peptization.

Fe(OH)3 + Fe3+  [Fe(OH)3 ]Fe3+

Ans. The process of converting a freshly prepared precipitate into colloidal form by the
addition of a suitable electrolyte in small amount is called peptization.
Peptization involves the adsorption of suitable ions from the electrolyte by the
particles of precipitate.
Fe(OH)3 + Fe3+  [Fe(OH)3 ]Fe3+

NCl 3 PCl 3 PCl 5

Q. Nitrogen forms only NCl3 but phosphorus forms PCl3 and PCl5 both why ?
d-
d-

NCl3 PCl3 PCl5

Ans. There is no vacant d-orbital in tha outermost orbit of Nitrogen. Thus nitrogen show
valency only three. There are valent d-orbitals in the outer most orbit of phosphorus
and hence it shows variable covalence 3 and 5 in ground state and excited state
respectively. Hence nitrogen forms only NCl3 but phosphorus forms PCl3 and PCl5
both.

IUPAC
Write down the IUPAC name of the following compounds.
CH 3 H CH 3 CH 3
| | | |
(a) H – C  C – C H – CH 3 (b) H – C  C – C H 2Br
| |
Br Br

Ans. (a) Trans-4-bromopent-2-ene

(b) Cis-1-bromo-2-methylbut-2-ene
Q. Write down the structural formula of the following.
(a) 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane (b) 2-Methyl butanoic acid
Ans. (a) CH 3 – C H – C H – CH 2 CH3
| |
Cl CH3
O
||
(b) CH 3 – CH 2 – C H – C – OH
|
CH 3

Q. How can acetic acid be converted into methyl amine ?

O O
|| ||
Ans. NH H
CH3COOH 
3  CH – C – ONH 
3 4  CH3 – C – NH 2
Acetic acid Ammonium acetate
KOH(alc)

 CH3 NH2
Br2
Methyl amine

Q. How are vitamins classified ? Name the vitamin responsible for coagulation of
blood.

B C
A, D, E, K
E
Ans. Vitamins are classified into two groups depending upon their solubility in water fat.
(i) Water soluble vitamins – Vitamin B complex and vitamin C
complex.
(ii) FAt soluble vitamins – Vitamin A, D, E, K etc.
Vitamin-E responsible for coagulation of blood.
Long Questions :–

Q. State and explain Faraday’s laws of electrolysis.

c t
k gm
W Q ( Q )
W  ct or, W  zct Q  ct
z c=1 t=1
W=z
 W1, W2 E1, E2

W1  E1 W2  E2
W1 E1

W2 E2
W  2ct
 W1  z1ct W2  z2ct
W1 W2
z1ct E1

z2ct E2
z1 E1

z2 E2
zE

Ans. First law of electrolysis:–

During electrolysis the deposited mass on the electrode is directly proportional to the
quantity of electricity passing through it.
Let W gm of mass is deposited at the electrode after passing camp of current
in t second.
Hence, from 1st law of electrolysis.
W  Q (where Q is the quantity of electricity)
W  ct or, W  zct As we know that Q  ct
Where z is profitionality constant which is called electrochemical equivalent.
If c = 1 amp, t = 1 sec, then W = 2
If 1 amp of current is passed through a solution in one second then the deposited mass
of the substance on the electrode is equal to its electrochemical equivalent.
(ii) Second law of electrolysis :– If the same quantity of electricity is passed
through the different electrolytic cells connected in a seris then the deposited masses
on the electrodes are directly proportional to their chemical equivalents.
 Let W1 and W2 be the masses of deposited substances on the electrodes and
their chemical equivalents are E1 and E2 respectively then according to
Faraday’s second law
W1  E1 and W2  E2
W1 E1
 ... (i)
W2 E2
From 1st law W  2ct
W1  z1ct , W2  z2ct
On putting the value of W1 and W2 in equation (i)
z1ct E1

z2ct E2
z1 E1
 Thus z  E
z2 E2
Hence on passing same current through various electrolytes connected in
series then, electrochemical equivalent is proportional to their equivalence weights.

Q. Describe principle of production of amonia gas by Haber’s process.

Fe/Mo
N 2 (g ) + 3H 2 ( g )  2NH3 (g )
450–550
N2 H2 NH3
N 2 (g ) +3H2 ( g )  2NH3 (g ) + 24 K.Cal

NH3

NH3
N2 H2
°C
°C

Ans. Principle behind Haber’s process :– This method involves the direct ambination of
Nitrogen and hydrogen as follows
N2 (g ) + 3H 2 ( g )  2NH3 (g ) + 24 k.cal
This reaction is reversible, exothermic and followed by decrease in volume.
 Accoding to le-chotelier’s principle the optimum condition for greater production of
ammonia gas are
(i) High pressure – High pressure (200 atm)
shifts the equilibrium.
(ii) Low temperature – Since this reaction is
exothermic, the production of ammonaia gas should be high at law temperature.
But at low temperature N2 and H2 gases react very slowly. Hence optimum
temperature of 450–550°C is mainatained.
(iii) Catalyst – At the optimum temperature
450–550°C the equilibrium may shift to backward direction. To speed up the
reaction towards forward direction. Catalyst is used.
Finely divided irm + Molybdenum as promoter.

Q. Differentiate between–
(a) Mineral and ore
(b) Calcium and Roasting
(c) Flux and slag
 (i)
(ii) P, S As

4P  5O2  2P2O5 
S  O2  SO2 
4As  3O2  2As 2O3 


MnO2  SiO2  MnSiO3

SiO2  CaO  CaSiO3

SiO2 + CaO = CaSiO3

MnO + SiO2 = MnSiO3
Ans. Difference between mineral and ore:–
(a) Mineral – The chemical found in earth crust having high
percentage of any one element is called mineral.
Ore – The mineral from which metal can be extracted easily and economically is
called ore.
All ores are minerals but all minerals are not ore.
(b) Calcination – The processof heating of concentrated ore in absence of air
below m.p is called calcination. In the process of calcination, volatile impurities
present in the ore are evaporated out and ore becomes lighter and porous.
Roasting – The process of heating of concentrated ore in the reverberatory
furnance in persence of air below m.p is called roasting.
In the process of roasting–
(i) Volatile impurities such as water and organic material are evaporated out.
(ii) S, P and As impurities present in the ore are evaporated as oxide
4P  5O2  2P2O5 
S  O2  SO2 
4As  3O2  2As 2O3 
(c) Flux – the foreign substance added in the roasted ore to remove infusible
impurities present in the ore is called flux.
 Choice of the flux–
(i) For basic infusible impurities, acidic flux (SiO2) is used
MnO2  SiO2  MnSiO3
(ii) For acidic infusible material, basic flux is used
SiO2  CaO  CaSiO3
Slag – The fusible material formed due to reaction between gange and flux is
called slag.
Gang + Flux = Slag
SiO2 + CaO = CaSiO3

1°, 2° 3°

Q. What are alcohols 1°, 2°, 3° alcohols ? How will you distinguish them by victor
mayer’s method.
1° 1° –OH

CH3 – CH 2 – OH, CH3OH

2° 2° –OH

CH 3
|
CH3 – C – OH
|
CH 3

3° 3° –OH

CH 3
|
CH3 – C – OH
|
CH 3

1°, 2° 3°
1°
P+I AgNO
R–CH 2 OH 
2
 R – CH 2 
3  R – CH NO
2 2
R – C – NO2
HNO

2 ||
NOH
 2° :–
P+I AgNO
R 2 –CH – OH 
2
 R 2 – CHI 
3  R – CH – NO
2 2
R 2 – C – NO2
AgNO

3 ||
NO
Pseudo Nitrol
3° :–
P+I AgNO HNO
R 3C – OH 2
 R 3 – C – I 
2  R C – NO  
3 2
3  No Reaction

Ans. Primary alcohol (1°) :– It is one in which the –OH group is attached to primary
carbon atom.
CH3 – CH 2 – OH, CH3OH
Ethyl alcohol Methyl alcohol

Secondary alcohol (2°) – Secondary alcohol is that in which –OH group is attached
to secondary carbon atom.
H H
| |
CH 3 – C – OH, C2 H5 – C – OH
| |
CH 3 CH3
Isopropyl alcohol Butan-2-ol

Tertiary alcohol (3°) – Tertiary alcohol is that in which –OH group is attached to
tertiary carbon atom.
CH3
|
CH3 – C – OH
|
CH3
Tertiary Butyl alcohol

1°, 2° and 3° alcohols can be distinguished by victor Mayer’s method as follows:–

1° alcohol :–
P+I AgNO
R–CH 2 OH 
2
 R – CH 2 
3  R – CH NO
2 2
R – C – NO2
HNO2

 ||
NaOH
Nitrolic acid
2° alcohol :–
 P+I AgNO
R 2 –CH – OH 
2
 R 2 – CHI 
3  R – CH – NO
2 2
R 2 – C – NO2
AgNO

3 ||
NO
Pseudo Nitrol
3° alcohol :–
P+I AgNO HNO
R 3C – OH 
2  R – C – I  
3
2  R C – NO  
3 2
3  No Reduction

CHEMISRY (Set-3)

Choose the correct answer :- (1 mark each)

1. [X]
OH
|
Al 
C6 H5 – CH – CH 3 
 [X]
O
||
C6 H5 – C – CH3 C6 H5 – CH  CH 2
C6 H5 – CH 2 – CHO
In the reaction sequence
OH
|
Al  Tert butoxide
C6 H5 – CH – CH3   [X]
 O
||
(a) C6 H5 – C – CH3 (b) C6 H5 – CH  CH 2
(c) C6 H5 – CH 2 – CHO (d) None of these
LiAlH 4
O
||
CH3 – C2 – CH3 CH 3 – CHO
NO2
CH3 – CH 2 – NO2

Which will be not reduced by LiAlH4 –

O
||
(c) CH3 – C2 – CH3 (b) CH 3 – CHO

NO2
(c) CH3 – CH 2 – NO2 (d)

o
C

An orgnic compound gives blood red colouration with Victor-Maeyer’s test. When
this compound vapour is passed through Cu-tube at 300oC produces
(c) Aldhyde (b) Ketone
(c) Carboxylic acid (d) Benzene

CH3
CH Cl / AlCl

3 3
 [X]

[X]
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3

CH3

CH3
CH Cl / AlCl

3 3
 [X]

The compound [X] will be

 CH3
CH3
CH3
(a) (b)
CH3
CH3

(c) (d) (a) and (b) both

CH3

1o- 1o-
Tollen’s reagent is used for detecting-
(a) Aldehyde (b) Ketone (c) 1o-amine (d) 1o- alcohal

+ +
+
Dettol consists of-
(a) Cresol + ethanol (b) Xylenol + ter peneol
(c) Chlroxylenol + terpeneol (d) None of the above

F – CH = CH – F F – CH = CH – Cl
F F
Cl – CH = CH – Cl C C
F F
Teflon is a polymer of the monomer
(c) F – CH = CH – F (b) F – CH = CH – Cl
F F
(c) Cl – CH = CH – Cl (d) C C
F F
CHCl / KOH
 [X]
R — NH 2 
3
heat
[X]
R – NH – R R – CN R – NC R – OH
CHCl / KOH
 [X]
R — NH 2 
3
heat
The compound [X] is–
(e) R – NH – R (b) R – CN
(f) R – NC (d) R – OH

PVC Teflon Buna-N PMMA

Eye lense are manufactured by-
(d) PVC (b) Teflon (c) Buna-N (d) PMMA
 CHO
H – CHO

CH3
CH3 – CHO CH3 C — CHO
CH3

Which compound does not perform Cannizaro’s reaction among ?

CHO
(c) H – CHO (b)

CH3
(c) CH3 – CHO (d) CH3 C — CHO
CH3

Cu(NO3 )2 NaNO3 Ca(NO3 )2 Al(NO3 )2

Which compound does not give colourless gas?
(d) Cu(NO3 ) 2 (b) NaNO3 (c) Ca(NO3 ) 2 (d)
Al(NO3 )2
CuSO4

CuSO4 .NH3 CuSO4 .4NH3

[Cu(NH3 ) 4 ] SO 4 [Cu(NH3 )6 ] SO 4
Ammonia gas is passed through aqueous CuSO4 solution produces deep blue
colouration. The molecular formula of formed deep blue colouration is
(d) CuSO4 .NH3 (b) CuSO4 .4NH3
(c) [Cu(NH3 )4 ] SO 4 (d) [Cu(NH3 )6 ] SO4

NaOH
NaCl NaOCl
NaCl NaOCl NaCl NaClO3
Chlorine gas is passed through dilute NaOH solution. The compounds formed are-
(c) NaCl (b) NaOCl
(c) NaCl & NaOCl (d) NaCl and NaClO3

Na 3 N NaNH 2
H 2 N – NH 2 N3 H
Sodium is heated with ammonia gas, the produced compound is-
(c) Na 3 N (b) NaNH 2
(c) H 2 N – NH 2 (d) N3H
P4O6 P–O
12, 4 8, 8 12, 16 12, 12
How may P – O bonds and lone pairs of electrons tespectively are present in P4O6
molecule -
(c) 12, 4 (b) 8, 8 (c) 12, 16 (d) 12, 12

[Fe F6 ]4– Ni(CO) 4

[Co(H 2O)3Cl3 ] [Cu(NH3 ) 4 ] SO 4
Which is not paramagnetic among ?
(c) [Fe F6 ]4– (b) Ni(CO)4
(c) [Co(H 2O)3Cl3 ] (d) [Cu(NH3 )4 ] SO 4

Hydrometallurgical process of extraction of metals is based on-

(c) Complex formation (b) Hydrolysis
(c) Dehydration (d) Dehydrogenation
[Fe(CO)5 ]
sp3d 2 sp3d dsp3 sp3
The hybridization in [Fe(CO)5 ] is -
(c) sp3d 2 (b) sp3d (c) dsp3 (d) sp3
M 2+ , 1.81  10 22

33.35 133.4 66.7 55

One gram metal ion M 2+ was discharged by the passage of 1.81  1022 electrons.
What is atomic weight of metal?
(c) 33.35 (b) 133.4 (c) 66.7 (d) 55

25oC
0.059 V 0.59 V 0.0259 V 0.118 V
If the pressure of H2 gas is increased from 1 atm. to 100 atm. keeping H+ ion
concentration at 1M, the change in reduction potential of hydrogen half cell at 25oC
will be ?
(c) 0.059 V (b) 0.59 V (c) 0.0259 V (d) 0.118 V
0.8 M 0.4 M
0.1 M 0.025 M

In the first order reation, the concentration of the reactant decreases from 0.8 M to 0.4 M
in 15 minutes. The time taken for the concentration to change from 0.1 M to 0.025 M is-
(c) 30 minutes (b) 15 minutes (c)7.5 minutes(d) 60
minutes
[A(g) 
 B(g)]
Which graph represent zero order reaction [A(g) 
 B(g)]

(c) (b)

(c) (d)

hcp
0.68 0.74 0.50 0.54
In hcp structure, the packing fraction is-
(c) 0.68 (b) 0.74 (c) 0.50 (d) 0.54

The point defects that lower the density of crystal is called–

(g) Schotty defects (b) Frankel fefects
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of them

In which of the following process, a catalyst is not used-

(g) Haber’s prcess (b) Deacon’s process
(c) Lead chamber process (d) Solvay process
 x x
 k .P1/ n x  mk .P1/ n  k Pn
m m
The Freundlich adsorption isothesm is-
x x
(h)  k .P1/ n (b) x  mk .P1/ n (c)  k Pn (d) All of these
m m
373oK 750 mm
1 1 1 1
10 7.6 35 76
The vapowr pressure of a dilute solution of glucose is 750 mm of mercury at 373 oK.
The mole fraction is solute is-
1 1 1 1
(h) (b) (c) (d)
10 7.6 35 76

 Tf  Tb Kb
Which of the following is not the colligative property ?
(i)  Tf (b)  Tb (c) K b (d) Osmotic pressure

SOLUTION
(1) (a) (2) (d) (3) (a) (4) (a) (5) (a)
(6) (c) (7) (d) (8) (c) (9) (d) (10) (c)
(11) (b) (12) (c) (13) (c) (14) (b) (15) (c)
(16) (b) (17) (a) (18) (b) (19) (c) (20) (a)
(21) (a) (22) (d) (23) (b) (24) (a) (25) (d)
(26) (d) (27) (d) (28) (c)

Very Short Questions :– (2 marks each)

Q. Define boiling point and explain why a solute elevate the boiling point of solute ?

Ans. The temperature at which vapour pressure of liquid becomes equal to atmospheric
pressure is called boiling point of the liquid. The vapour pressure of liquid is lowered
 when a non-volatile solute is added to it. Therefore, the temperature of solution is rise
to increase the vapour pressure equal to atmospheric pressure.

Q. Hydrolysis of ester is pseudo first order reaction. Explain.

O
||
H+
R – C – OR  + H 2 O 
 R–COOH + R –OH
Excess
K[RCOOR ]

Ans. The hydrolysis of ester is done in excess of water produces carboxylic acid and
alcohol.
Since water is taken in excess, there is no appearcible change in concentration
of water i.e., concentration of water remain unchanged. Hence order of realisation is
first order only.
O
||
H+
R – C – OR  + H 2 O 
 R–COOH + R –OH
Excess

Q. Construct the cells for the following reactions.

(a) Zn + H 2SO4  ZnSO4 + H 2
(b) CuSO4 + Fe  FeSO4 + Cu
Ans. (a) Zn + H 2SO4  ZnSO4 + H 2
Zn  Zn 2+ + 2e – (oxidation)
2H + + 2e –  H 2 (Reduction)
Cells : Zn | Zn 2+  2H + | H 2 , Pt
or, Zn | ZnSO4  H2SO4 | H 2 , Pt
(b) CuSO4 + Fe  FeSO4 + Cu
Call reaction
 Fe  Fe 2+ + 2e – (Oxidation)
Cu 2+  2e –  Cu (Reduction)
Cell : Fe | FeSO4  CuSO4 | Cu

SO2

Q. SO2 is an oxidising and reducing agent both. Explain.

SO2
SO2

Ans. Oxidation number of sulphur is +4 in SO2. Which is intermediate of minimum

O  N O,N, of sulphur –2 and maximum O  N +6. Hence SO2 acts as oxidising and
reducing agent both.

Q. Nitrogen gas is less reactive than white phosphorous. Why ?

N2 P4
P P

N2

Ans. There are triple bonds between nitrogen atoms in N2 ( N  N ) while phosphorous
atom in white phosphorous (P4) is bonded with single bond.
 Since bond dissociation energy of triple bonds in N2 is greater than single bond
in P4. Hence nitrogen gas is less reactive than white phosphorous.

HF, HCl

Q. HF is weaker acid than HCl. Explain.

H-F H-Cl HF, HCl
Ans. Bond length of H-F is shorter than H-Cl. Hence H-F is weaker acid than HCl.

SO2 Cl2
Q. What is difference between bleaching action of SO2 and Cl2 gas.
SO2

SO2 + 2H2O  H 2SO4 + 2[H]

+ [H] 
Cl2

Cl2 + H 2O  2HCl + [O]

Ans. SO2 gas in presence of water gives nascent hydrogen. Nascent hydrogen decolourised
the coloured sbuset once. i.e., bleaching action of SO2 is a reducing action.
SO2 + 2H2O  H 2SO4 + 2[H]
Colour + [H]  Discolour
Dicoloured subs. + [O]  Coloured
air

In contact of air bleached substance gets its original colour. Bleaching action of Cl2
gas is an oxidising action and permanent.
Cl2 + H 2O  2HCl + [O]
Colour subs. + [O]  Discolour

Q. Arrange the following in order of decreasing order of acidic strength.

(a)
 Cl
(b) CH 3COOH, HCOOH, Cl – CH 2 – COOH, CH – COOH
Cl

Ans. (a)

Cl
(b) CH – COOH > Cl – CH 2COOH > HCOOH  CH 3COOH
Cl

O- P-
Q. How can you separate O-Nitrophenol and P-Nitrophenol from the mixture ?
p- O- p-
O-

Ans. Boiling point of p-nitrophenol is greater than O-nitrophenol due to intermolecular and
intramolecular hydrogen bond respectively.
Hence O-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol are separated by fractional distillation
process.

Q. Distinguish the following pair of compounds by the proper test.

(a) CH 3 – CH 2 – OH and CH 3OH
O
||
(b) CH 3 – CHO and CH 3 – C – CH 3

Ans. (a) Ethanal (CH3CH2OH) perform idoform test but CH3OH does not.
(j) Ethanal(CH3–CHO) performs Tollen’s reagent test but propanone
does not.
Q. Write the following reactions.
(i) Friedal-craft’s alkylation reaction
(ii) Carbyl amine reaction
AlCl3

1° KOH

H
R – NH 2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH 
 R – NC + 3 KCl + 3H 2O

Ans. (i) Benzene is heated with methyl chloride in presence of AlCl3 gives toulene.

(ii) When mixture of 1°-amine, chlorofoem and alcholic KOH is boiled, rotten egg
smell of carbyl amine is obtained.
H
R – NH 2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH 
 R – NC + 3 KCl + 3H 2O
Carbyl amine

Long Questions :–

Q. What do you understand by activation energy. What is effect of catalyst on

activation energy and velocity of reaction ?

Ea
Ans. The minimum energy required by the reactant molecules to participate in a reaction is
called activation energy. It is denoted by Ea.
Ea = Threshold energy – Average K.E. of reacting molecular

(i) A positive catalyst decreased the activation energy of reactants and thus
increased velocity of reactions.

(ii) Negative catalyst decreases the velocity of reaction by increasing activation

energy.
Q. Define colligative properties of solution and describe relative lowering of vapour
pressure.

V. P. 

Po
Ps
 Po – Ps
Po – Ps
Po

Po – Ps
Po

Ans. The properties of solution which depends upon number of solute particles present in
the solution irrespective of their nature is called colligative properties of solution.
The following conditions are satisfied for normal colligative properties of
solution.
(i) Solution should be very dilute.
(ii) Solute should be non-volatile, does not dissociable or associable.
Example:–
(a) Lowering of vapour pressure.
(b) Elevation in the boiling point.
(c) Depression in the freezing point.
(d) Osmotic pressure.
Lowering of vapour pressure – When a non-volatile solute is added in a solvent.
The vapour pressure is lowered due to the following reason.
(i) Surface area of solution decreases from solvent molecules.
V. P.  surface area of solvent
(ii) Density of solution increases and rate of evaporation decreases.
1
Rate of Evaporation 
density
Therefore V.P. of solution decreases from pure solvent.
V.P. of pure solvent = Po
V.P. of solution = Ps
Lowering of V. P. = Po – Ps
Po – Ps
Relative lowering of V.P. 
Po
According to Raoult’s law
Po – Ps
 mole fraction of solute
Po

Q. Describe the principle of manufacture of amonia by Haber’s process.

 N 2 ( g )  3H 2 ( g )  2NH3 ( g ); H  – Q
1 mol 3 mol 2 mol
1 vol. 3 vol. 2 vol.

NH3
NH3
NH3
N2 H2
400–450°C Fe Mo

450°C
N 2 ( g )  3H 2 ( g ) 
 2NH3 ( g ); H  – Q


Fe/Mo, 10 atm

Ans. When mixture of N2 gas and H2 gas (1 : 3) is heated amonia gas ia obtained.
N 2 ( g )  3H 2 ( g )  2NH3 ( g ); H  – Q
1 mol 3 mol 2 mol
1 vol. 3 vol. 2 vol.

The above reaction is reversible, exothermic and decrease in volume occur. Thus
applying LeChatelier’s principle for greater production of amonia gas.
(i) There is decrease in volume in reaction. Hence increase in
pressure, shifts the equilibrium towards forward direction i.e. production of
NH3 increases at high pressure.
(ii) This reaction is exothermic. Hence at low temperature, production
of NH3 should increse. But at lower temperatue N2 & H2 do not react.
So, at optimum temperature (400–450°C) catalyst is applied.
Catalyst = Fe & MO
450°C
N 2 ( g )  3H 2 ( g ) 
 2NH3 ( g ); H  – Q


Fe/Mo, 10 atm

NaOH

Q. What happens when–

(a) Ethanamide is heated with bromine and sodium hydroxide solution.
(b) Formaldehyde is heated with ammonia gas.
(c) Ethanal is heated with Tollen’s reagent.
NaOH
 O
||
CH3 – C – NH 2  Br2  4NaOH  CH 3 – NH 2  2NaBr + Na 2CO3  2H 2O
Ethanamide

6H – CHO  4NH3  (CH 2 )6 N 4  6H 2O

Ethanamide Hexamethyle
tetramine

CH 3 – CHO  Ag 2O  CH3COOH  2Ag

Ethanal Ethanoic acid

Ans. (a) Ethanamide is treated with bromine and boiled with NaOh produces methyl amine.
O
||
CH 3 – C – NH 2  Br2  4NaOH  CH3 – NH 2  2NaBr + Na 2CO3  2H 2O
Ethanamide

(i) When formaldehyde is heated with amonia gas, hexamethylene

tetraamine is obtained.
6H – CHO  4NH 3  (CH 2 )6 N 4  6H 2O
Ethanamide Hexamethyle
tetramine

(j) When ethanal is heated with Tollen’s reagent, silver is precipitated

and deposited at the wall of test tube seems as mirror.
CH 3 – CHO  Ag 2O  CH 3COOH  2Ag
Ethanal Ethanoic acid
Long Questions :–

Q. What is single electrode potential ? How would you calculate the single electrode
potential ?

M n   ne –  M( s ) M= e= n=

RT P RT RT
E ln , or E  ln P – ln P 
nF P  nF nF
P= P =
PK C
RT RT
E ln( K  C ) – ln P
nF nF

RT K RT
E ln  ln C
nF P nF
RT K
ln (E°)
nF P
RT 2.303
E  E  ln C  E   RT log10 C
nF nF
0.0591
E  E  log10 C
n
T = 25°C = 273 + 25 = 298 K
0.0591
 E  log10 [M n  ]
n
[M n ] =

Ans. Single electrode potential:–

 The potential difference of the electrical double layer formed at the contact of
electrode (metal) and electrolyte in a halt cell is called electrode potential.
The electrode potential is the measure of tendency of an electrode to lose or
gain the electrons. When it is in contact with its own ions. It is represented by E. Thus
we have oxidation potential and reduction potential for anode & cathode of a galvanic
cell.
As for example:–
M n   ne –  M( s ) where M = Metal, e = electron
N = no. of electron.
Calculation of the single electrode potential :– In 1889 Nearest has deduced
following equation for calculation of single electrode potential.
RT P RT RT
E ln , or E  ln P – ln P 
nF P  nF nF
Where P = Osmotic pressure P = Pressure of solution.
P K C
RT RT
E ln( K  C ) – ln P
nF nF
There for osmotic pressure is proportional to the concentration of ions.
RT K RT
E ln  ln C
nF P nF
RT K
At constnat temperature, ln is constant for a metal and is called
nF P
standard electrode potential (E°)
RT 2.303
E  E  ln C  E   RT log10 C
nF nF
0.0591
E  E  log10 C
n
T = 25°C = 273 + 25 = 298 K
0.0591
 E  log10 [M n  ]
n
Here [M n ] = concentration of the ion

Q. Explain the following terms:–

 (a) Co-ordination number (b) Ligand
(c) Central atom (d) Effective atomic number

[Ag(CN)2 ], [CO(NH3 )3 ]Cl3

C.N  2 C,N = 3

Ni(CO)4 Ni [CO(NH3 )6 ]2 
CO2 

Sidewick
EAN

EAN Z 2  C .N
Ans. (a) Co-odination Number :– The total numberof co-ordinate bonds formed by the
ligands in the complex is called co-ordination number.
Example – [Ag(CN)2 ], [CO(NH3 )3 ]Cl3
C.N  2 C,N = 3

(k) Ligands – The neutral molecules or ions

linked directly to the central atom/cation in the co-ordination entity having ability
to donate ions prir of electrons to the central metal atom/cation are known as
ligands.
(l) Central atom – In co-ordination complex
or entity the metal atom or ion to which a fixed number of molecules or inos are
attached by co-ordinate bonds is called central atom (or ions). For example, an
Ni(CO)4 the atom Ni is central atom. An complex [CO(NH3 )6 ]2  , CO 2  ion is
the central ion.
(m) Effective Atomic Number – The resultant
number of electrons of the central metal atom/ion after gaining electrons from the
 donor atoms of the ligands in co-ordination entity is known as effective atomic
number of central metal atom/ion.
EAN = Atomic number of central metal (Z) – ON + 2CN

Q. Write chemical reaction to illustrate the following reactions.

(a) Kolbe’s reaction
(b) Reimer-Tiemann’s reaction
CO2
400K

NaOH 340K
Ans. (a) Kolbe’s reaction – When CO2 gas is passed through sodium phenolate at 400 K
and 4 to 7 atmospheric pressure then salicylic acid is formed. This reaction is called
Kolbe’s reaction.

(h) Reimer-Tiemann’s Reaction – Treatment of phenol with chloroform in

presence of aqeous sodium hydroxide at 340 K followed by hydrolysis of resulting
product gives 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde. This reaction is called Reimer-Tiemann’s
reaction.

H2SO4 Br2 Na CHCl3

Q. Describe the method of preparation of aniline. How aniline reacts with –
(a) Conc. H2SO4 (b) Br2 (c) Na (d) CHCl3
Sn HCl

Conc. H2SO4
 Br2

Na

Ans. When nitrobenzene reacts with Sn and HCl in presence of high temperature aniline is
obtained.

(a) Reaction with conc. H2SO4 – Aniline reacts with conc. H2SO4 to
give P-amino benzene sulphonic acid.
(b) Reaction with Br2

(c) Reaction with Sodium – When aniline reacts with sodium at high
temperature it gives sodium anilide.

(d) Reaction with Chloroform – When aniline reacts with chloroform

it gives phenyl isocyanide.
 CHEMISRY (Set-4)

Choose the correct answer :- (1 mark each)

1. hcp
NaCl CsCl Zn RbCl
Which has hcp crystal structure ?
(a) NaCl (b) CsCl (c) Zn (d) RbCl

The unit of rate constant of 1st order reaction is–

(d) Time–1 (b) Mole litre–1sec–1
(c) Litre mole –1sec–1 (d) Litre mole –1sec

Which of the following is an insulator ?

(d) Graphite (b) Aluminium (c) Diamond (d) Silicon

NaCl Na

Co-ordination number of sodium ion Na  in NaCl is-

(d) 4 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 5

CsCl
Which one of the following is non-crystalline or amorphous ?
(a) Diamond (b) CsCl (c) Glass (d) Common slat
Gold number is minimum in case of-
(a) Gelatin (b) Egg albumin (c) Gum (d) Starch

In the thermite process, the reducing agent is-

(d) Nikel (b) Silver (c) Copper (d)
Aluminium

The process employed for the concentration of sulphide ore is–

(g) Froth floatation (b) Roasting
(h) Electrolysis (d) Bessemerisation

Mn Ni Sb Sn
Cassiterite is an ore of-
(e) Mn (b) Ni (c) Sb (d) Sn

HgS PbS SnO2 PbCO3

Cinnabar is-
(d) HgS (b) PbS (c) SnO2 (d) PbCO3

H 2 + O2 H2 + S O2 + CO2 SO2 + O
Which is the mixture of carbogen.
(e) H 2 + O2 (b) H2 + S (c) O2 + CO2 (d)
SO2 + O
[CO(en)2Cl2 ]

How many isomers are possible in [CO(en)2Cl2 ] ?

(e) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 1
K4[Fe(CN)6 ] Fe
sp3 dsp3 sp3d 3 d 2sp3
The hybridisation of Fe in K 4[Fe(CN)6 ] is -
(d) sp3 (b) dsp3 (c) sp3d3 (d) d 2sp3
 PVC
Condensation polymer among the following is -
(d) Teflon (b) Polystyrene (c) PVC (d) Dacron

Nylon – 6, 6 is
(d) Polymide (b) Polyester (c) Polystyrene (d)
Polyvinyl

Which of the following is a biodegradable polymer

(d) Cellulose (b) Polyethene
(c) Polyvinyl chloride (d) Nylon – 6, 6

Aspirin is a/an-
(d) Antibiotic (b) Antipyretic (c) Antiseptic(d) None of
these

A broad spectrum antibiotic is–

(d) Paracetamol (b) Penicillin (c) Aspirine (d)
Chloramphenicol

Which of the following is not a surface phenomenon ?

(d) Heterogenous catalyst (b) Fusion of solid
(e) Corrosion (d) Electrolysis process

Which of the following will not give iodoform test ?

(d) Ethanal (b) Ethanol (c) Pentan-2-one (d)
Pentan-3-one

The number of chiral carbon is lactic acid is

(d) 4 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d) 3

Caprolactum is the monomer of

(d) Nylong-6 (b) Nylon-6, 6
(c) Nylon-2-Nylon-6 (d) Terylene

B12
Fe(II) Co(III) Zn(II) Ca(II)
Vitamin B12 contains-
(d) Fe(II) (b) CO III) (c) Zn(II) (d) Ca(II)

Thymine is–
(h) 5-methyluracil (b) 4-methyluracil
(c) 3-methyluracil (d) 1-methyluracil

The monomeric units of starch is/are-

(i) Glucose (b) Fructose
(c) Glucose and fructose (d) Mannose
H2SO4
(COOH)2 CH3COOH C2H5OH CO
Formic acid when heated with H 2SO4 gives-
(n) (COOH)2 (b) CH3COOH (c) C2 H5OH (d) CO

HCOOH CH3COOH
(CH3 )2CHCOOH (CH3 )3CCOOH
 Which is the strongest acid ?
(k) HCOOH (b) CH3COOH
(c) (CH3 )2CHCOOH (d) (CH3 )3CCOOH

C6H5NH2 (C6H5 )2 NH
CH3NH2 (CH3 )2 NH
In the following which is most basic ?
(l) C6 H5 NH2 (b) (C6H5 )2 NH
(c) CH3 NH2 (d) (CH3 )2 NH

SOLUTION
(1) (c) (2) (a) (3) (c) (4) (d) (5) (c)
(6) (a) (7) (d) (8) (a) (9) (d) (10) (a)
(11) (c) (12) (b) (13) (d) (14) (d) (15) (a)
(16) (d) (17) (b) (18) (d) (19) (d) (20) (a)
(21) (c) (22) (a) (23) (b) (24) (a) (25) (a)
(26) (d) (27) (a) (28) (d)
Very Short Questions :– (2 marks each)

Q. Adsorption is always exothermic in nature. Explain

G = H – T  S G
–T  S
G H

Ans. Accordint to thermodynamics, G = H – T  S . Adsorption is a spontaneous

process, therefore G is negative since adsorption decreases entropy ( S = –ve ). i.e.,
–T  S = +ve . As a result of adsorption. H has to be negative if G to be negative.
Hence adsorption is always exothermic.

Q. When a beam of light is passed through a colloidal solution, its path gets
illuminated. Explain.
Ans. When a beam of light is passed through the solution, there is no scattering of light but
scattering of light occurs when it is passed through colloidal solution. This effect is
called Tyndall’s effect. Due to scattering of light by colloidal particles the path of
light gets illuminated.

sec–1

Q. The rate constant fo a first order reaction is 60 sec–1. How much time will it take
to reduce 75% of its initial concentration.
= a, K  60 sec –1
a  75 3a a
t a– a– 
100 4 4

2.303 a
t log
K a–x
2.303 a
 log
60 a/4
2.303
 log 4
60
2.303  2  0.301

60
 0.023 sec
Ans. Let the initial concentration = a
a  75 3a a
After t sec  a – a– 
100 4 4
K  60 sec –1
We know that
2.303 a
t log
K a–x
2.303 a
 log
60 a/4
2.303
 log 4
60
2.303  2  0.301

60
 0.023 sec
Q. How does sprinkling of salt help in cleaning the snow covered roads in hilly
area?

Ans. When salt is spread over snow covered roads, snow starts melting from the surface
because depression of freezing point of water takes place due to addition of slat. It
helps in clearing of roads.

Q. A current of 5A flowing for 0.5 hr deposits 3.048 gm of a metal at cathode. Find

out the equivalent weight of the metal. (1 Faraday = 96500 coulomb)
= ct
 5  0.5  60  60
 9000
3.048  96500
=
9000

Ans. Amount of electrical charge = ct

 5  0.5  60  60 coulomb
 9000 coulomb
From 9000 coulomb 3.048 gm metal liberated
3.048  96500
 96500 coulomb = gm
9000
= 32.68 gm metal liberated
Equivalent wt. of metal = 32.68

°C °C

Q. The rate constant of a reaction becomes double. When temperature changes

from 20°C to 30°C. Calculate the activation energy of the reaction.

K Ea T – T 
log 2  R 2 1
K1 2.303  T1T2 
 K2
Given  2, R  8.31 J/K
K1
T1  273  20  293 K
T2  273  30  303 K
Ea  303 – 293 
log 2 
2.303  8.31  293  303 
Ea 10
 0.3010  
2.303  8.31 293  303
0.301  2.303  8.31  293  303
Ea 
10
 511412.932 joule/mole
 511.413 KJ/mole
Ans. We know that
K Ea T – T 
log 2  R 2 1
K1 2.303  T1T2 
K
Given 2  2, R  8.31 J/K
K1
T1  273  20  293 K
T2  273  30  303 K
Ea  303 – 293 
log 2 
2.303  8.31  293  303 
Ea 10
 0.3010  
2.303  8.31 293  303
0.301  2.303  8.31  293  303
Ea 
10
 511412.932 joule/mole
 511.413 KJ/mole

A B C

Q. From the given reactions identify A, B and C.

CH 3
|
H SO O Ni/H
CH 3 – C – OH 2 4
 (A) 
3 (B)  
2 (C)
| Heat

CH 3
 CH 3 CH 3 O
| | ||
H SO [O]
CH 3 – C – OH 
2 4  CH – C = CH 
3 2  CH3 – C – CH 3
| Heat
(A) (B)
CH 3 Acetone

Tertiary Butyl Alcohol

Ni/H

2  CH – C H – CH
3 3
|
OH
(C)
Isopropyl Alcohol

IUPAC

Write down the structural formula of the following.

(a) 2-Methyl butane-2-ol (b) 1-Ethoxy Propane
CH3
|
Ans. (a) CH3 – C – CH 2CH 3
|
OH
(b) CH3CH 2 – O – CH 2CH 2CH3

IUPAC
Q. Write down the IUPAC name of the following compound.
CH 3
|
(a) CH 3 – C H – C H – C – CH 3 (b) CH 3 – O – CH 2 – C H – CH 3
| | | |
CH 3 OH CH 3 CH 3
CH3
5 4 3 | 1
2
Ans. (a) C H3 – C H – C H – C – C H3 2, 2, 4 – Trimethyl pent-1-ol
| | |
CH3 OH CH 3
1 2 3
(b) CH3 – O – C H 2 C H – C H3 1-Methoxy-2-Methyl propane
|
CH3
Q. Write two difference between lanthanides and actinides.

1. 1.

2. 2.

Ans.
Lanthamides Actinides
1. Most of their ions are 1. Most of their ions are
colourless. coloured.
2. Lanthanide compound are 2. Actinide compounds are
less basic. more basic.

i ii
S
Q. (a) Name the vitamins deficiency of which causes ?
(i) Rickets (ii) Night blindness
(b) Write two uses of Buno-S.
i D
ii A
i
ii
Ans. (a) (i) Rickets – Vitamin D
(ii) Night blindness – Vitamin A
(m) (i) In the manufacture of tyres.
(ii) In making rubber soles, shoes and belt.
Long Questions :–

Q. What is single electrode potential ? How would you calculate the single electrode
potential ?

M n   ne –  M( s ) M= e= n=

RT P RT RT
E ln , or E  ln P – ln P 
nF P  nF nF
P= P =
P K C
 RT RT
E ln( K  C ) – ln P
nF nF

RT K RT
E ln  ln C
nF P nF
RT K
ln (E°)
nF P
RT 2.303
E  E  ln C  E   RT log10 C
nF nF
0.0591
E  E  log10 C
n
T = 25°C = 273 + 25 = 298 K
0.0591
 E  log10 [M n  ]
n
[M n ] =

Ans. Single electrode potential:–

The potential difference of the electrical double layer formed at the contact of
electrode (metal) and electrolyte in a halt cell is called electrode potential.

The electrode potential is the measure of tendency of an electrode to lose or

gain the electrons. When it is in contact with its own ions. It is represented by E. Thus
we have oxidation potential and reduction potential for anode & cathode of a galvanic
cell.

As for example:–

M n   ne –  M( s ) where M = Metal, e = electron

N = no. of electron.

Calculation of the single electrode potential :– In 1889 Nearest has deduced

following equation for calculation of single electrode potential.
RT P RT RT
E ln , or E  ln P – ln P 
nF P  nF nF

Where P = Osmotic pressure P = Pressure of solution.

P K C
RT RT
E ln( K  C ) – ln P
nF nF

There for osmotic pressure is proportional to the concentration of ions.

 RT K RT
E ln  ln C
nF P nF
RT K
At constnat temperature, ln is constant for a metal and is called
nF P
standard electrode potential (E°)
RT 2.303
E  E  ln C  E   RT log10 C
nF nF
0.0591
E  E  log10 C
n

T = 25°C = 273 + 25 = 298 K

0.0591
 E  log10 [M n  ]
n

Here [M n ] = concentration of the ion

Q. Explain the following terms:–

(a) Co-ordination number (b) Ligand
(c) Central atom (d) Effective atomic number

[Ag(CN)2 ], [CO(NH3 )3 ]Cl3

C.N  2 C,N = 3

Ni(CO)4 Ni [CO(NH3 )6 ]2 
CO2 
 Sidewick
EAN

EAN Z 2  CN
Ans. (a) Co-odination Number :– The total numberof co-ordinate bonds formed by the
ligands in the complex is called co-ordination number.
Example – [Ag(CN)2 ], [CO(NH3 )3 ]Cl3
C.N  2 C,N = 3

(o) Ligands – The neutral molecules or ions

linked directly to the central atom/cation in the co-ordination entity having ability
to donate ions prir of electrons to the central metal atom/cation are known as
ligands.
(p) Central atom – In co-ordination complex
or entity the metal atom or ion to which a fixed number of molecules or inos are
attached by co-ordinate bonds is called central atom (or ions). For example, an
Ni(CO)4 the atom Ni is central atom. An complex [CO(NH3 )6 ]2  , CO 2  ion is
the central ion.
(q) Effective Atomic Number – The resultant
number of electrons of the central metal atom/ion after gaining electrons from the
donor atoms of the ligands in co-ordination entity is known as effective atomic
number of central metal atom/ion.
EAN = Atomic number of central metal (Z) – ON + 2CN

Q. Write chemical reaction to illustrate the following reactions.

(a) Kolbe’s reaction
(b) Reimer-Tiemann’s reaction
CO2
400K
 NaOH 340K

Ans. (a) Kolbe’s reaction – When CO2 gas is passed through sodium phenate at 400 K and
4 to 7 atmospheric pressure then salicylic acid is formed. This reaction is called
Kolbe’s reaction.

(j) Reimer-Tiemann’s Reaction – Treatment of phenol with chloroform in

presence of aqeous sodium hydroxide at 340 K followed by hydrolysis of resulting
product gives 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde. This reaction is called Reimer-Tiemann’s
reaction.
 H2SO4 Br2 Na CHCl3
Q. What are alcohols 1°, 2°, 3° alcohols ? How will you distinguish them by victor
mayer’s method.
Sn HCl

Conc. H2SO4

Br2
 Na

Ans. When nitrobenzene reacts with Sn and HCl in presence of high temperature aniline is
obtained.

(e) Reaction with conc. H2SO4 – Aniline reacts with conc. H2SO4 to
give P-amino benzene sulphonic acid.

(f) Reaction with Br2

 (g) Reaction with Sodium – When aniline reacts with sodium at high
temperature it gives sodium anilide.

(h) Reaction with Chloroform – When aniline reacts with chloroform

it gives phenyl isocyanide.

CHEMISRY (Set-5)

Choose the correct answer :- (1 mark each)

1.

Molarity is expressed in
(a) Gram/litre (b) Litre/mole (c) Mole/litre (d) Mole/1000 gm
 I2 LiF
Which of the following is ionic solid ?
(e) I 2 (b) LiF (c) Dry ice (d) Diamond

FeCr2O 4 K 2Cr2O 4 PbCrO 4

Ore of chromium is
(e) FeCr2O 4 (b) K 2Cr2O 4 (c) PbCrO 4 (d) None

F– Cl – Br – I–
The strongest reducing agent is
(e) F– (b) Cl – (c) Br – (d) I –

How many elements are present in first transition series ?

(a) 10 (b) 18 (c) 8 (d) None of these

Cu + Sn Cu + Zn Zn + Sn Cu + Sn + Zn
Gun metal is–
(a) Cu + Sn (b) Cu + Zn (c) Zn + Sn (d) Cu + Sn + Zn

Which one of the following is correct commercial name of carbon tetrachloride ?

(e) Pyrene (b) Pyrrol (c) Benzene (d) None of
these

COCl2 CCl 4 CF4 CF2 Cl 2

Which one of the following is a refrigerant ?
(i) COCl 2 (b) CCl4 (c) CF4 (d) CF2 Cl 2

BF3 BCl3 BBr3 BI3

Which one of the following is the strongest lewis acid ?
(f) BF3 (b) BCl3 (c) BBr3 (d) BI3

An example of an electrolyte is-

(e) Sugar (b) Sodium acetate(c) Urea
(d) Benzene
d
Zn 2 Fe2  Cu 2  Ni 2 
Which of the following has maximum number of unpaired d-electrons ?
(f) Zn 2 (b) Fe2  (c) Cu 2  (d) Ni 2 

( n – 1) d 1–10 ns 0– 2 ns 0 –1 ( n – 1)d 1–10

ns 0– 2 ( n – 1)d 0–10
General electronic configuration of transition metal is–
(f) ( n –1) d 1–10 ns 0– 2 (b) ns 0 –1 ( n – 1)d 1–10
(g) ns 0– 2 ( n – 1)d 0–10 (d) None of these

Which one of the following is non crystalline or amorphous ?

(e) Diamond (b) Graphite (c) Glass (d) Common salt

Ag 2S Ag 2SO 4 AgNO3 AgCl

The chemical formula of lunar caustic is–
(e) Ag 2S (b) Ag 2SO 4 (c) AgNO3 (d) AgCl

Ni2+ Cu + Sc + Zn 2+
Which of the following ions is expected to be coloured ?
(e) Ni 2+ (b) Cu + (c) Sc + (d) Zn 2+

FeSO 4  7H 2O CuSO 4  5H 2O
CuSO 4  2H 2 O
Which one of the following is called green vitriol ?
(e) FeSO 4  7H 2O (b) CuSO 4  5H 2O
(c) CuSO 4  2H 2O (d) None of these

Main source of helium is-

(e) Air (b) Radium (c) Monazite (d) Water
Ore of aluminium is–
(e) Bauxite (b) Hematite (c) Dolomite (d) None
K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ]

K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ] is a/an–
(f) Double salt (b) Complex salt (c) Acid (d) Base

The important ore of iron is-

(e) Siderite (b) Haematite (c) Pyrites (d) Bauxite

Most abundant metal on the surface of earth is-

(e) Iron (b) Aluminium (c) Calcium (d) Sodium
K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ] Fe
3
sp dsp 3 sp 3d 3 d 2 sp 3
The hybridisation of Fe in K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ] is-
(e) sp 3 (b) dsp 3 (c) sp 3d 3 (d) d 2 sp 3

C n H 2n C n H 2n+2 C n H 2n–2
General formula of alkene is–
(e) Cn H 2n (b) Cn H 2n+2 (c) Cn H 2n–2 (d) None of
these
C

Vitamine C is–
(i) Citric acid (b) Lactic acid (c) Ascorbic acid (d)
Paracitamol

C n H 2n O C n H 2n+1O C n H 2n+2 O C n H 2n O 2
General formula of alkanol is
(k) C n H 2n O (b) C n H 2n+1O (c) C n H 2n+2 O (d)
C n H 2n O 2

(CH 3 )3COH C2 H5OH

(CH3 ) 2CHOH CH 3CH 2CH 2 OH
Victor mayer’s test is not given by–
 (r) (CH 3 )3COH (b) C2 H5OH
(c) (CH3 ) 2CHOH (d) CH 3CH 2 CH 2 OH

Glycerol is a-
(n) Primary alcohol (b) Monohydric alcohol
(c) Dihydric alcohol (d) Trihydric alcohol

Natural rubber is a polymer of–

(o) Butadiene (b) Ethyne (c) Styrene (d) Isoprene

SOLUTION
(1) (c) (2) (b) (3) (a) (4) (d) (5) (a)
(6) (d) (7) (a) (8) (d) (9) (d) (10) (b)
(11) (b) (12) (a) (13) (b) (14) (c) (15) (a)
(16) (a) (17) (c) (18) (a) (19) (b) (20) (b)
(21) (b) (22) (d) (23) (a) (24) (c) (25) (c)
(26) (a) (27) (d) (28) (d)

Very Short Questions :– (2 marks each)

 Reverse osmosis
Q. What do you mean by reverse osmosis ?
osmotic pressure

Reverse osmosis
Ans. When a pressure greater than osmotic pressure is applied to the solution, the solvent
molecules move from higher concentration to lower concentration. This phenomenon
is known as reverse osmosis.

Q. Calculate the osmotic pressure of 5% solution of urea at 273K.

WRT
() 
MV
W=5 , R = 0.0821 L-atm/K-mole,
100
V(Volume in litre)   0.1 litre , M = 60 , T = 273 K
1000
5  0.0821  273
=  18.67 atm
60  0.1

WRT
Ans. Osmotic pressure ( ) 
MV
W = 5 gm, R = 0.0821 L-atm/K-mole,
100
V(Volume in litre)   0.1 litre , M = 60 gm/mole, T = 273 K
1000
5  0.0821  273
=  18.67 atm
60  0.1

Explain cell reaction and half cell reaction.

Zn( s )  Zn 2  ( aq )  2e – ... (i)

Cu 2+ (aq)  2e  Cu( s ) ... (ii)

 (i) (ii)
Zn( s )  Cu 2+ (aq )  Zn 2+ ( aq )  Cu( s )

Ans. Each galvanic cell contains anode and cathode on which different reaction occur.
Anode is negative electrode and cathode is positive electrode. The reactions occur on
both electrodes are called half cell reactions and the sum of these reactions is called
cell reaction. Oxidation occurs at anode and reduction occurs at cathode always.
Reaction at anode
Zn( s )  Zn 2  ( aq )  2e – ... (i)
Reaction at cathode
Cu 2+ ( aq )  2e  Cu( s ) ... (ii)
On adding (i) and (ii) we get
Zn( s )  Cu 2+ ( aq )  Zn 2+ ( aq )  Cu( s ) Cell reaction.

Define the following terms:–

(a) Molarity (b) Molality

Ans. (a) Molarity – It is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in one litre of
solution.
Mole of solute
Molarity(M) =
Volume of solution (in litre)
Unit  Mole/litre
 (b) Molality – It is defined as the number of
moles of solute dissolved in one kg of solvent.
Mole of the solute
Molality(M) =
Mass of solvent in Kg
Unit  Mole/Kg

What is semipermeable membrane ?

Ans. A film (Natural or synthetic) which contains a network of submicroscopic pores

through which small solvent molecule S (water etc.) can pass, but solute molecules of
bigger size can not pass are called semi permeable membrane.

Q. What are monosaccharides ?

Ans. Those carbohydrates which cannot be hydrolysed to smaller molecules Ex-

polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone. They may be aldose or ketones. Common examples
are glucose, fructose, ribose etc.

Q. What are reducing sugars ?

Ans. Carbohydrates which can reduce Tollen’s reagent and give red precipitate with
Fehling’s solution are called reducing sugar. All monosaccharides (both aldoses and
ketoses) and disaccharides (except sucrose) are reducing sugars.
Fe Na
Q. Why Fe is transition metal but sodium is not ?
 Fe d-

s-
Ans. Fe is a d-orbital element and show properties of transition metals like variable
valency, coloured ion, complex formation etc.
But sodium is s-block element. It does not show the properties of transition
metal.

A, B, C D
Q. From the given reactions, identify A, B, C and D.
HNO Sn/HCl NaNO / HCl H O
C6 H 6  3
 A   
 B   2 
 C 3 
D
H 2 SO 4 0-5°C 60-80°C

Ans.

K 3 [Fe(CN)6 ] I.U.P.A.C.
Fe E.A.N.
Q. (a) Give the I.U.P.A.C. name of the complex salt K 3 [Fe(CN)6 ] .
(b) Calculate E.A.N. (Effective atomic number) of Fe in this complex salt.
K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] III
Fe x
1  3 + x  1  (–1)  6  0
x  3
EAN = Fe3+ CN –
= (26 – 3) + 12 = 35
 EAN = 35
Ans. (a) K 3[Fe(CN)6 ]  Potassium Hexa-cyanoferrate(III)
(b) Let the oxidation no. of Fe = x
 1  3 + x  1  (–1)  6  0
x  3
EAN = No. of electron in Fe3 + No. of electron in 6 CN – ion
= (26 – 3) + 12 = 35
 EAN = 35
I.U.P.A.C.
Q. Write the I.U.P.A.C. name of following.

(1) CH 3 – CH 2 – N – CH 3 (2) CH 3CH 2 – O – CH – CH 3

| |
CH 3 CH 3
N, N-
2 3
CH3 – CH 2 – O – C H – C H3
|
1CH
3

Ans. (1) N, N-Dimethylethanamine

2 3
(2) CH3 – CH 2 – O – C H – C H 3 2-Ethoxypropane
|
1CH
3

Long Questions :–
Q. What is difference between physical adsorption and chemical adsorption ?

1. 1.

2. 2.
3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

6. 6.

Ans. Difference between physical adsorption and chemical adsorption:–

Physical Adsorption Chemical Adsorption

(i) It is caused by (i) It is caused by

intermolecular chemical bond formation.
vanderwaal forces.
(ii) It is not specific. (ii) It is specific.
(iii) It is favourable at low (iii) It is favourable at high
temperature. It decreases temperature. It increases
with increase of with increase of
temperature. temperature.
(iv) No involvement of (iv) High activation energy
activtion energy. is needed.
(v) High pressure increases it. (v) High pressure
Decrease in pressure increases it. But no effect
causes desorption. on decreasing pressure
(vi) It forms multilayer at the (vi) It forms unilayer at
absorbent. absorbent.
N 2 O 5 (g )
 2N 2O 5 (g )  4NO 2 (g ) + O 2 (g )

284.5 mm of Hg 584.5 mm of Hg

Q. The decomposition of N 2O 5 (g ) is a first order reaction.

2N 2O 5 (g )  4NO 2 (g ) + O 2 (g )

After 30 min from the commencement of decomposition in a closed vessel, the

total pressure developed is found to be 284.5 mm of Hg and on the completion
the total pressureis 584.5 mm of Hg. Calculate the rate constant of the reaction.
2N 2O5 (g )  4NO 2 (g ) + O 2 (g )
1
N 2O5 (g )  2NO2 (g ) + O 2 (g )
2
t=0 Po 0 0
P
t = 30 Po – P 2P
2
Po
0 2Po
2
P
t = 30 = Po – P + 2P +
2
3P
 Po 
2
3P
Po  = 284.5 ... (i)
2
Po
 2Po 
2
5Po

2
5Po
 584.5
2
584.5  2
Po   233.8
5
Po  233.8 mm of Hg
i Po
3P
233.8 +  284.5
2
3P
 284.5 – 233.8
2
 3P
 50.7
2
50.7  2
P  33.8 mm of Hg
3
2.303 Po
K log
t Po – P
2.303 233.8
 log
30 233.8 – 33.8
2.303 233.8
 log
30 200
2.303
 log(233.8 – log 200)
30
2.303
 (2.3688 – 2.301) [ log 233.8  2.3688, log 200  2.301 ]
30
2.303
  0.0648
30
0.1561
 / min
30

 0.00520 min –1

 5.2  10 –3 min –1
Ans. 2N 2O5 (g )  4NO 2 (g ) + O 2 (g )
1
N 2O5 (g )  2NO2 (g ) + O 2 (g )
2
At t = 0 Po 0 0
P
At t = 30 min Po – P 2P
2
Po
At completion 0 2Po
2
P
At t = 30 min, total pressure = Po – P + 2P +
2
3P
 Po 
2
3P
Po  = 284.5 ... (i)
2
Po
At completion, total pressure  2Po 
2
 5Po

2
5Po
 584.5
2
584.5  2
Po   233.8
5
Po  233.8 mm of Hg
Putting the value of Po in equation.
3P
233.8 +  284.5
2
3P
 284.5 – 233.8
2
3P
 50.7
2
50.7  2
P  33.8
3
2.303 Po
K log
t Po – P
2.303 233.8
 log
30 233.8 – 33.8
2.303 233.8
 log
30 200
2.303
 log(233.8 – log 200)
30
2.303
 (2.3688 – 2.301) [ log 233.8  2.3688, log 200  2.301 ]
30
2.303
  0.0648
30
0.1561
 / min
30
 0.00520 min –1

 5.2  10 –3 min –1

Q. What are the main sources of iodine ? How iodine extracted from sea weeds.
 (KCl, K 2SO 4 , NaCl
KI NaI H 2SO 4

MnO 2 H 2SO 4

2NaI + MnO2  3H 2SO4  2NaHSO4  MnSO4  2H 2O + I2 

KI
H
2KI + Cl2 
 2KCl + I2
H
2KI + Br2 
 2KBr + I2
Ans. Main sources of iodine:–
Due to its reactivity iodine is not found in nature in free state. Its main sources are
(i) Sea weeds (ii) Chile salt peter (iii) Natural brine
Extraction of Iodine from sea weeds – Sea weed, lamineria contains iodine. SEa weed
is well dried and burnt in deep pits carefully so that iodine do not get destroyed. The
obtained ash is called kalp, which contains 0.4 to 1.3% iodine. Kelp is dissolved in
water and solution is partially crystalised when less soluble KI and NaI remain in the
mother liquor. Conc H2SO4 is added when basic sulphides deposit at the bottom,
which is filtered and removed. Now the filtrate is mixed with MnO2 and conc. H2SO4
and heated in an iron vessel. Iodine vapourises due to the reaction and is collected in
“Aludel”, Iodine is now collected as solid after condensation.
2NaI + MnO2  3H 2SO4  2NaHSO4  MnSO4  2H 2O + I2 
It is treated with KI to obtain pure iodine.
H
2KI + Cl2 
 2KCl + I2
H
2KI + Br2 
 2KBr + I2
Q. Differentiate between Methyl alcohol and Ethyl alcohol.

(i) CH 3OH (i) C2H5OH

(ii) (ii)
CH3OH + I 2  NaOH  C 2 H 5OH + 4I2  6NaOH 
CHI3 +5NaI + HCOONa + 5H 2O
(iii) (iii)
H SO H SO
CH 3OH + CH 3COOH 
2 4 C 2 H5OH + CH3COOH 
2 4

CH3COOCH 3 + H 2 O CH 3COOC2 H 5 + H 2O
(iv) H2SO4 K2Cr2O7 (iv) H2SO4 K2Cr2O7

H SO
CH 3OH 
2 
4  HCHO + H O
2 C 2 H 5OH 2 
H SO
4  CH CHO + H O
3 2
K 2 Cr2 O 7 K 2 Cr2 O 7
H SO
HCHO 2 
4  HCOOH
CH 3CHO 2
4  CH COOH
3
H SO
K 2 Cr2 O 7 K 2 Cr2 O 7

Ans. Differentiate between Methyl alcohol and Ethyl alcohol:–

Methyl Alcohol Ethyl Alcohol

(i) General formula CH 3OH (i) General formula C2H5OH.
(ii) Iodoform is not obtained. (ii) Iodoform is obtained
CH3OH + I 2  NaOH  C 2 H 5OH + 4I2  6NaOH 
No reaction CHI3 +5NaI + HCOONa + 5H 2O
(iii) Methyl acetate is formed. (iii) Ethyl acetate is formed.
H 2SO 4
CH 3OH + CH 3COOH 
 C 2 H 5OH + CH3COOH 
2 4 H SO

CH3COOCH 3 + H 2 O CH 3COOC 2 H5 + H 2 O
(iv) Reaction with H2SO4 and (iv) Reaction with H2SO4 and
K2Cr2O7. First formaldehyde K2Cr2O7. First acetaldehyde is
is formed then formic acid is formed then acetic acid, is
formed. formed.
H 2SO 4
CH3OH   HCHO + H 2O C 2 H 5OH 2 
H SO
4  CH CHO + H O
K 2 Cr2 O7 3
K 2 Cr2 O 72
H SO
HCHO 2 
4  HCOOH
CH 3CHO 
2  H SO
4  CH COOH
K 2 Cr2 O 7 3
K 2 Cr2 O 7
 CHEMISRY (Set-6)

Choose the correct answer :- (1 mark each)

1.

Which is the structure of graphite ?

(a) Tetrahedral (b) Octahedral (c) Hexagonal (d) Cubic

The fraction of volume occupied in a body centred cubic unit cell is–
(f) 0.32 (b) (c) (d)

The relative lowering of V.P. of solute is proportional to-

(f) Mole fraction of solute (b) Mole fraction of
solvent
(c) Molality of the solvent (d) Normality of solution

What mass of ethanol is added to 1.0 kg water to have the mole fraction of ethanol
equal to 0.25 ?
(f) 63.89 gm (b) 6.39 gm (c) 638.89 gm(d) 683.89
gm

Q 1 t
I  Qt I I I
t Qt Q
Which of the following expression is true ?
Q 1 t
(a) I  Qt (b) I  (c) I  (d) I 
t Qt Q

Cu Ag Au Al
Which of the following metals form a protective layer of oxide to prvent corrosion ?
(a) Cu (b) Ag (c) Au (d) Al

AB
t1/ 2  0.693 K t1/ 2  0.693 ln K
0.693 log 2
t1/ 2  t1/ 2 
K K
The half life of a first order reaction A  B, is given as -
(f) t1/ 2  0.693 K (b) t1/ 2  0.693 ln K
0.693 log 2
(c) t1/ 2  (d) t1/ 2 
K K

A catalyst is a substance which -

(j) Increases the equilibrium concentration of the products
(b) Decreases the energy of activation
(c) Does not alter the reaction mechanism
(d) Increases the frequency of collision of reacting species

nm pm
mm pm
The colloidal particles have diameter ranging from-
(g) 1 to 100 nm (b) 10 to 100 pm
(c) 1 to 100 mm (d) 1 to 100 pm

Physical adsorption -
(f) Involues weak interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate
(b) Involves chemical interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate
(c) Is irreversible in nature
(d) Increases with increase in temperature

In the electrolysis of alumina, cryolite is added to–

(g) Lower the m.p. ofalumina
(b) Decreases the electrical conductivity
(c) Minimise the anode effect
(d) Remove impurities from alumina

LiNO3 NaNO3 KNO3 RbNO3

Which of the following is known as Indian Saltpetre ?
(h) LiNO3 (b) NaNO3 (b) KNO3 (d) RbNO3

Ca 2  , Mg 2  HCO3– Na  K
Hardness of water is due to–
(f) Ca 2  , Mg 2  (b) HCO3– (c) Na  `(d) K 

Ammonia acts as a-
(f) Neutral species (b) Lewis acid
(c) Lewis base (d) Amphoteric hydride
HNO3
NO NO2 N 2 O3 N 2 O5
The gas liberated when copper reacts with dilute HNO3 is -
(f) NO (b) NO2 (c) H 2Se (d) H2Te

H 2O H 2S H 2Se H2Te
Which of the following has the lowest boiling point ?
(f) H 2O (b) H 2S (c) 0 (d) 2
Cr
 +4 +5 +6 +7
The highest oxidation state of Cr is -
(f) +4 (b) +5 (c) +6 (d) +7

Which of the following inort gases has the largest abundance (by volume) in air ?
(f) Hiliumn (b) Neon (c) Argon (d) Krypton
B12
CO2  CO3 Cr 2  Cr3
Vitamin B12 is a complex of -
(g) CO2  (b) CO3 (c) Cr 2  (d) Cr 3

[Cu (NH3 )4 ] SO4 Cu [CdCl4 ]

K 2SO4 .Al2 (SO4 )3.24H 2O K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ]
Which of the following is a double salt ?
(f) [Cu (NH3 )4 ] SO4 (b) Cu [CdCl4 ]
(c) K 2SO4 .Al2 (SO4 )3.24H 2O (d) K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ]

The number of sigma and pi bonds in 1-butene- 3-yne are-

(f) 5 sigma and 5 pi (b) 7 sigma and 3 pi
(c) 8 sigma and 2 pi (d) 6 sigma and 4 pi

The compound in which the distrce between tow adjacent carbon atoms is the largest
is-
(f) Ethone (b) Ethene (c) Ethyne (d) Benzene

   
C H3 R CH 2 R 2 CH R3 C
Which of the following is stable carbocation ?
   
(f) C H3 (b) R CH 2 (c) R 2 CH (d) R 3 C

10  20  30 10  20  30 10  20  30 10  20  30
 The order of dehydration of alcohol is -
(j) 10  20  30 (b) 10  20  30 (c) 10  20  30 (d)
1 2 3
0 0 0

PVC
Which of the following has ester linkage ?
(l) Nylon (b) PVC (c) Terylene (d) Bakelite
RNA

Which of the following bases is present in RNA only ?

(s) Aderine (b) Guanine (c) Uracil (d) Thymine

Penicillin is-
(p) Harmone (b) Analgesics (c) Antibiotic(d) Antibody

On warming an aqueous solution of benzene-diazonium chloride, the product

obtained is-
(q) Benzene (b) Aniline (c) Phenol (d) Amide

SOLUTION
(1) (c) (2) (b) (3) (a) (4) (c) (5) (b)
(6) (d) (7) (c) (8) (b) (9) (a) (10) (a)
(11) (a) (12) (c) (13) (a) (14) (c) (15) (a)
(16) (d) (17) (c) (18) (c) (19) (b) (20) (c)
(21) (b) (22) (a) (23) (d) (24) (d) (25) (c)
(26) (c) (27) (c) (28) (c)
Very Short Questions :– (2 marks each)

Q1. Why is phosphorus doped sizlicon is semiconductor ?

Ans. When silicon is doped with small amount of phosphorus, its electrical conductivity
increases. When silicon is doped with phosphorus, some of the positions in the lattice
are substituted by phosphorus atoms. Phosphorus has five valence electrons. After
forming four covalent bonds with silicon, one excess electron is left on phosphorus.
This electron is not in volved in bonding and is delocolised. This contributes to
electrical conductivity
1.15  10  3 s  1

Q. A first order reaction has a rate constant 1.15  103 s 1 . How long will 5 gm of
this reactant to reduce to 3 gm ?

2.303 R
K log 0
t R
K  1.15  103 s 1, R 0  5gm, r  3 gm
2.303 5
 1.15  103  log
t 3
2.303
 [log 5  log 3]
t
2.303
 [0.699  0.477]
t
2.303
Or, 1.15  103   0.222
t
2.303  0.222
 t sec.
1.15  103
 2.303  0.222  1000
  445 sec.
1.15
 7 min . 41 sec.
t1/2

0.693
t1/ 2 
k
K=
Ans. The expression for rate constant of first order reaction is-
2.303 R
K log 0
t R
Here, K  1.15  103 s 1, R 0  5gm, r  3 gm
2.303 5
 1.15  103  log
t 3
2.303
 [log 5  log 3]
t
2.303
1.15  103  [0.699  0.477]
t
2.303
  0.222
t
2.303  0.222
 t sec.
1.15  103
2.303  0.222
  1000
1.15
 445sec.
 7 min . 41 sec.

Q. Bleaching of flowers by chlorine is permanent but that of sulphurdioxide is

temporary, why ?
Cl2
HCl HClO HCHO

Cl2  H 2O  HCl  HClO

HClO  HCl  O
[O] 

SO2 SO2
 SO2 2H 2O  H2SO 4  2[H]
[H] 
Ans. Bleaching Nature of Cl2
In presence of moisture, chlorine acts as a bleaching agent. Chlorine reacts with
water to form HCl and HCLO. HCLO is not stable. It decomposed to produce nascent
oxygen.
Cl2  H 2O  HCl  HClO
HClO  HCl  O
Coloured flower + Nascent oxygen  colourless flower the bleaching action
of chlorine is permanent. This is due to oxidizing nature of chlorine.
Bleaching action of CO2
In presence of moisture, SO2 produces nascent hydrogen.
SO2 2H 2O  H2SO 4  2[H]
Coloured flower  [H]  colourless flower the bleaching is temporary. This is due
to reducing nature of SO2 .

Q. Discuss the principle involved in the manufacture of sulphuric acid by cntact

process.
H2SO4

SO2
S( s)  O2 ( g )  SO2 ( g )
SO2 V2O5 SO3
V O
2SO 2 ( g )  O 2 ( g ) 
2 5 2SO3 ( g )

720 K

SO3 H 2SO 4
SO3 ( g )  H 2SO 4 ( g )  H 2S2O 7
H 2SO 4
H 2S2 O7  H 2O  2H 2SO 4

Ans. Manufacture of H2SO4 by contact process-

Principle :-Following are the steps in contact process for the manufacture of H 2SO 4 .
(i) burning of sulpur or sulphur ores in air to produce SO 2 gas.
 S(s)  O 2 (g)  SO 2 (g)
(ii) SO 2 gas reacts with oxygen in presence of V2O5 to give SO3 gas
VO
2SO 2 (g)  O 2 (g) 
2 5
 2SO3 (g) H   ve
This reaction is exotheomic and in reaction, there is decrease in volume.
Therefore, low temperature and high pressure are favourable conditions for
reaction. At low temperature, the rate of reaction is low. So, optimum
temperature 720K is choosen. The pressure is taken 2 bar.
(iii) The SO3 gas is absorbed in concentrated H 2SO 4 to produce oleum.
SO 2  H 2SO 4  H 2 S2 O7 (oleum)
(iv) Dilution of oleum with water gives H 2SO 4 .
H 2 S2 O 7  H 2O  2H 2SO 4

Q. Define with example-

(a) Addition polymer (b) Condensation polymer

nCH 2  CH 2 
 –(CH 2  CH 2 –)n

O O
|| ||
n H 2 N – (CH 2 )6 – NH2  n HO – C – (CH 2 ) 4 – C – OH 

Hexamethylenedia mine Adipicacid
H H O O
| | || ||
–(N – (CH 2 )6 – N – C – (CH 2 ) 4 – C–)n

Ans. Addition polymer :-The polymer which is obtained by the addition of monomer
units, is called addition polymr.
nCH 2  CH 2 
 –(CH 2  CH 2 –)n
plythene

Condensation polymer :-The polymer which is formed by the condensation of

monomers with the evolution of smaller molecules such as H 2 O, CH3OH etc. is
called condensation polymer. Ex. Nylon (6,6)
 O O
|| ||
n H 2 N – (CH 2 )6 – NH2  n HO – C – (CH 2 ) 4 – C – OH 

Hexamethylenedia mine Adipicacid
H H O O
| | || ||
–(N – (CH 2 )6 – N – C – (CH 2 ) 4 – C–)n

DNA RNA
Q. Differentiate between DNA and RNA

(DNA)
(RNA)
DNA RNA
DNA RNA
DNA RNA

Ans. There are two types of nucleic acid-

(a) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
(b) ribonucleic acid (RNA)
The main difference between these two acids are as below
DNA RNA
(1) In DNA, deoxyribose sugar is (1) In RNA, ribose sugar is found.
found.
(2) DNA contains four bases i.e. (2) RNA contains four bases i.e.
adenine, guanine, cytosine and adenine, guanine, cytosine and
thymine. uracil.
(3) It has double strand helix (4) It has single strand helix
structure. structure.
 27oC 5%
R = 0.0821 L atomK-1 mol-1
Q. Calculate the osmotic pressure of 5% solution of urea at 27oC.
R = 0.0821 L atomK-1 mol-1
  CRT
n
 RT
V

5 1
n  T = 27 + 273 = 300 K
60 12
100
V  100   0.1
1000
1
   12  0.0821  300
0.1
10
  0.0821  300 atm
12
 20.52 atm

Ans.   CRT
n
 RT weight of urea  5 gm
V
Molar mass of urea (NH 2CONH 2 )
5 1
n  = 60
60 12
T = 27 + 273 = 300 K
100
V  100 c.c  L  0.1 L
1000
1
   12  0.0821  300
0.1
10
  0.0821  300 atm
12
 20.52 atm

Q. Give two methods for the preparation of colloids.

Double decomposition
AS2 O3  3H 2S 
 AS2S3 (sol)  3H 2 O
 Oxidations
SO 2  2H 2S 
 3S (sol)  2H 2O
Hydrolysis
FeCl3  3H 2O 
 Fe(OH)3 (sol)  3HCl

Ans. Preparation of colloids

(i) Chemical method
Colloridal solutions can be prepared by chemical reactions such as double
decomposition, oxidation, hydrolysis etc.

Double decomposition
AS2O3  3H 2S 
 AS2S3 (sol)  3H 2 O
Oxidations
SO 2  2H 2S 
 3S (sol)  2H 2O
Hydrolysis
FeCl3  3H 2O 
 Fe(OH)3 (sol)  3HCl
(ii) Peptization
It is the process of convesting a precipitate into colloridal sol by shaking it with
dispersion medium in the presence of small amount of electrolyte. The electrolyte
used for this purpose is called peptizing agent.

NO3–
Q. Give the Brown ring test for identification of nitrate ion.

NO3– FeSO 4
H 2SO 4

NO3–  3Fe 2   4H   NO  3Fe3 2H 2O

[Fe(H 2O)6 ]2   NO  [Fe(H 2 O)5 NO]2  H 2 O

Ans. Brown ring test :– In this test, freshly prepared fferrous sulphat solution is added to
an aqueous solution containing nitrate ion. Then, concentrated sulphuric acid is added
carefully along the sides of the test tube. A brown ring at the interface between the
solution and sulphuric acid layer appears which indicates the presence of nitrate ion in
the solution.
NO3–  3Fe 2   4H   NO  3Fe3 2H 2O
[Fe(H 2 O)6 ]2   NO  [Fe(H 2 O)5 NO]2  H 2 O
Brown ring
 KI

Q. (a) Why is sulphuric acid not used or the reaction of alcohol With KI ?
(b) Why do primary amines have higher b.p. than tertiary amine ?
H 2SO 4 FI HI I2
HI
H 2SO 4

Ans. (a) Swphuric acid is strong oxidizing agent HI formed during the reaction of KI with
H 2SO 4 is oxidized to I2 . Thus, alcohol does not react with HI.
(b) In primary amine, two hydrogen atoms are attached with nitrogen. Nitrogen is
more electronegative element. So, there is formation of intermolecular hydrogen
bonding.
But in teotiary amin, due to absence of hydrogen, no hydrogen ond formation
takes place. This is the reason that primary amin has higher b.p.

Zn(s)  2 Ag  (aq)  Zn 2  (aq)  2 Ag (s)

Q. An electrochemical cell involves the following cell reactions-

Zn(s)  2 Ag  (aq)  Zn 2  (aq)  2 Ag (s)
(a) How is cell represented ?
(b) What are anode and cathode reactions ?

Zn(s) / Zn 2  (aq) || Ag  (aq) / Ag(s)

 Zn 2  (aq)  2e
Zn(s) 

2Ag  (aq)  2e  2Ag (s)

Ans. (a) Cell representation-
Zn(s) / Zn 2  (aq) || Ag  (aq) / Ag(s)
(b) Anode reaction :
 Zn 2  (aq)  2e
Zn(s)  Oxidation
Cathode reaction :-
2Ag  (aq)  2e  2Ag (s) Re duction
Long Questions :–

Q. (a) Why is the V.P. iof solvent decreases when non-volatile solute is added to
solvent ?
(b) How is molecular weight of solute determined by relative lowering of
vapour pressure ?

Po – P
=X ... (1)
Po
n N,
n
X =
n+N

Po – P n
= ... (2)
P o n+N
, n  N, n+NN

Po – P n
= ... (3)
Po N
m) W M)
W
W W
n= , N=
m M
n N
 W
Po – P
= m
Po W
M
Po – P WM
or, =
P o Wm
WM P o
or, m=  ... (4)
W Po – P

Ans. a The decrease in V.P. of the solvent is explained on the basis of surface area of
liquid from which evaporation occurs. When non-volatile solute is added a part
of the solvent surface is occupied by solute particles which are non-volatile.
Therefore, the evaporation of the solvent takes place from lesser surface area
and hence V.P. of the sovent decreases.
(b) Determination of molecular weight of solute by relative lowering of V.P.
One of the statements of Raoult’s law is, “the relative lowering of vapour
pressure is equal to mole fraction of solute for a solution containing non-volatile
solute.”
Po – P
= Xsolute ... (1)
Po
If number of moles of solute is n and moles of solvent is N, then
n
Xsolute =
n+N
Therefore, equation (1) becomes
Po – P n
= ... (2)
P o n+N
Since, n  N , so n + N  N
Hence, equation (2) becomes
Po – P n
= ... (3)
P o N
If W is the weight of solute (molar mass = m) and W gm is the weight of solvent
(molar mass = M), then
W W
n= , N=
m M
Putting the values of N and n in equation (3), we get
 W
Po – P
= m
Po W
M
Po – P WM
or, =
P o Wm
WM P o
or, m=  ... (4)
W Po – P

From equation (4), the molecular weight of solute is easily determined.

(i)
(ii)
Q. (a) State and explain Kohlrausch’s law.
(b) How can it help to calculate
(i) Limiting molar conductivity of weak electrolyte.
(ii) Degree of dissociation of weak electrolyte.

   –
m       –  –
 –
( ) (i)
CH3COOH m
CH3COONa, HCl HCl m
m (CH3COONa)   CH3COO –   ... (1)
Na +
m (HCl)    H +  Cl – ... (2)
m (NaCl)    Cl – ... (3)
Na +
(1) + (2) – (3),
°   + ° + – –
CH3COO – Na  H Cl – Na + Cl –

= m (CH3COONa) + m (HCl) – m (NaCl)

or,  +  = m (CH3COONa) + m (HCl) – m (NaCl)
CH3COO – H
 or, m (CH3COOH) = m (CH3COONa) + m (HCl) – m (NaCl)

(ii)

c
 m
m
cm =
m =

Ans. (a) Kohlrausch’s law :–

According to this law, “molar conductivity of an electrolyte at infinite dilution
is expressed as sum of the contributions from its individual ions.”
These contributions are called ionic conductances of cations and anion.
If   and  – are ionic conductances of cation and anion, then
m       –  – ... (1)
Where   and  – epresents number of cations and numberof anions.
(b) (i) Calculation of molar conductivity of weak electrolyte
Suppose we have to determine m (CH3COOH) . For this, limiting molar
conductivities of strong electrolytes like CH3COONa, HCl and HCl are
determined.
m (CH3COONa)   CH3COO –    ... (1)
Na +
m (HCl)    H +  Cl – ... (2)
m (NaCl)    Cl – ... (3)
Na +
Applying (1) + (2) – (3), we get,
°   + ° + – –
CH3COO – Na  H Cl – Na + Cl –

= m (CH3COONa) + m (HCl) – m (NaCl)

or,  +  = m (CH3COONa) + m (HCl) – m (NaCl)
CH3COO – H

or, m (CH3COOH) = m (CH3COONa) + m (HCl) – m (NaCl)

(ii) Calculation of degree of dissociation of weak electrolyte

 By the knowledge of limiting molar conductivity of electrolyte, degree of
dissociation of weak electrolyte is calculated by the formula–
c
 m
m
Where  cm is the molar conductivity of solution at any concentration.
m is the limiting molar conductivity.

(i) NaOH (ii) Cu (iii) I2

Q. (a) How is nitric acid prepared ostwald’s process ?
(b) How does nitric acid react with
(i) NaOH (ii) Cu (iii) I2

(i)

Pt/Rh gangue catalyst

4NH3 ( g )  5O2 ( g )  4 NO( g )  6H 2O( g )
500 K, 9 bar
(ii)

2NO( g )  O 2 ( g )  2NO 2 ( g )
(iii)
3NO 2 ( g ) + H 2O(l )  2HNO3 ( aq ) + NO( g )
NO
(b) (i) NaOH – NaOH

HNO3  NaOH  NaNO3  H 2O

(ii) Cu – I + NO3

3Cu  8HNO  3Cu(NO3 ) 2 + 2NO + 4H 2O

HNO3
Cu  4HNO3  Cu(NO3 ) 2 + 2NO 2 + 2H 2O
(iii) I2
I2
I 2  10HNO3  2HIO3 + 10NO 2 + 4H 2O
Ans. (a) Manufacture of nitric acid by oswwald’s process –
Following are in steps for the manufacture of nitric acid by ostwald’s process–
(iv) Ammonia is oxidised to nitric oxide. This reaction is exothermic.
Pt/Rh gangue catalyst
4NH3 ( g )  5O2 ( g )  4 NO( g )  6H 2O( g )
500 K, 9 bar

(v) Nitric oxide combines with oxygen to give nitrogendioxide.

2NO( g )  O 2 ( g )  2NO 2 ( g )
(vi) Nitrogen dioxide so obtained dissolves in water to give nitric acid.
3NO 2 ( g ) + H 2O(l )  2HNO3 ( aq ) + NO( g )
No thus formed is recycled.
(b) (i) With NaOH – Nitric acid reacts with NaOH to give sodium nitrate and water.
HNO3  NaOH  NaNO3  H 2O
(ii) Wtih Cu – When copper is reacted with dilute HNO3, nitric oxide is formed.
3Cu  8HNO  3Cu(NO3 ) 2 + 2NO + 4H 2 O
But with concentrated HNO3, copper gives nitrogen dioxide gas.
Cu  4HNO3  Cu(NO3 ) 2 + 2NO 2 + 2H 2O
(iii) Wtih I2
Nitric acid reacts with I2 to form iodic acid.
I 2  10HNO3  2HIO3 + 10NO 2 + 4H 2 O

Peroxide
CH 3 – CH = CH 2 + HCl 
CH 3CH 2CH 2OH + SOCl 2 
dil. NaOH
CH 3CHO 


Br /NaOH
CH 3CONH 2 
2 
Q. Complete the following reactions–
Peroxide
(a) CH 3 – CH = CH 2 + HCl 
(b) CH 3CH 2CH 2OH + SOCl 2 
dil. NaOH
(c) CH 3CHO 


(d)
 Br /NaOH
(e) CH 3CONH 2 
2 

Peroxide
Ans. (a) CH 3 – CH = CH 2 + HCl  CH3 – CH 2 – CH 2Cl

(b) CH3CH 2CH 2OH + SOCl2   CH3CH 2CH 2 Cl  SO 2 ( g )  HCl( g )
OH
(c) dil. NaOH
|
CH 3CHO   CH 3 – C H – CH 2CHO

(d)

(e) CH 3CONH 2  Br2  4NaOH  CH3 NH 2  2NaBr + Na 2 CO3 + 2H 2O

Q. Complete the following reactions–

(a) Kolbe reaction
(b) Carbylamine reaction

CH 3COOK  CH 3COO – + K +
, CH 3COO –  CH3COO – + e

CH3COO 
 CH 3   CO 2

C H3  C H3  CH3 – CH3
 

, 2H 2O  2e  2OH – + H 2
(b) –


R – NH 2  CHCl3  3KOH 
 RNC + 3KCl + 3H 2O

 CHCl3  3KOH 
 + 3KCl + 3H 2O
Ans. (a) Kolbe Reaction – In this reaction, an aqueous solution of sodium or potassium
salt of a carbozylic acid is electrolysed, alkane is formed at anode.
 CH 3COOK  CH 3COO – + K +
At anode, CH 3COO –  CH3COO – + e

CH3COO 
 CH 3   CO 2

C H3  C H3  CH3 – CH3
 

At cathode, 2H 2O  2e  2OH – + H 2
(b) Carbylamine reaction – Primary amine (aliphatic or aromatic) reacts with
chloroform in presence of alkali solution to form isocyanides which are foul
smelling substances.
This reaction is used as a test for primary amine.

R – NH 2  CHCl3  3KOH 
 RNC + 3KCl + 3H 2O

 CHCl3  3KOH 
 + 3KCl + 3H 2O

CHEMISRY (Set-7)
Choose the correct answer :- (1 mark each)
1.
a3  N o ZM ZM M
ZM a  No
3
a 3
a  No
3

Density of a cryptal is
a3  N o ZM ZM M
(a) (b) (c) (d)
ZM a  No
3
a 3
a  No
3

B.C.C. F.C.C. H.C.P. S.C.C.

H.C.P. C.C.P. B.C.C. H.C.P.
In which of the following pairs of structures are tetrahedral and octahedral voids.
(g) B.C.C. and F.C.C. (b) H.C.P. and S.C.C.
(h) H.C.P. and C.C.P. (d) B.C.C. and H.C.P.
K b  Tb

K b  Tb when molality of solution is

(g) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
2N 2O5  4NO 2 + O 2 3  10 –5

2.4  10 –5 N 2O5

The rate constant for the reaction 2N 2O5  4NO 2 + O 2 is 3  10 –5 sec –1 . If the rate
of reaction is 2.4  10 –5 mol lit –1sec –1. Then the concentration of N2O5 (in Mol lit–1)
is
(a) 0.8 (b) 1.2 (c) 0.04 (d) 1.4

Po – Ps Po – Ps
= =
Po Po
Kf
  C  RT T f   Tb
Kb

Which statement is false

P – Ps P – Ps
(a) o = mole fraction of solute (b) o = mole fraction of solvent
Po Po
 Kf
(c)   C  RT (d) T f   Tb
Kb

Van’t Hoff factor for benzoic acid in benzene solution is–

(a) 0.0 (b) 1.0 (c) 0.5 (d) 0.25
NaOH
1:2 2:1 3:1 1:3
During the electrolysis of aqueous NaOH, the mole ratio of gases liberated at cathode
and anode is
(g) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 3 : 1 (d) 1 : 3
Fe(II) ml, 0.4 M 32 ml KMnO4
KMnO4
1.0 M 2.0 M 0.2 M 0.1 M
40 ml of acidified solution of 0.4 M Fe(II) is completely oxidised by 32 ml. KMnO4
completely. The molarity of KMnO4 solution is
(k) 1.0 M (b) 2.0 M (c) 0.2 M (d) 0.1 M
K 2Cr2O 7 , NaCl H 2SO 4

CrOCl2 CrO 2 Cl4 CrO 2 Cl3 CrO 2 Cl2

When mixture of K2Cr2O7, NaCl and conc. H2SO4 is heated, red fumes is evolved.
The molecular formula of red fumes is
(h) CrOCl2 (b) CrO 2 Cl4 (c) CrO 2 Cl3 (d) CrO 2 Cl2

He Ne Ar Rn
The noble gas which is not adsorbed by coconut charcoal is–
(g) He (b) Ne (c) Ar (d) Rn
XeF6
XeOF6 XeO 2 F2 XeO3 XeO4
XeF6 on hydrolysis not produce
(h) XeOF6 (b) XeO 2 F2 (c) XeO3 (d) XeO4

pH
NaClO NaClO 2 NaClO3 NaClO 4
Which has maximum pH in aqueous solution ?
(i) NaClO (b) NaClO2 (c) NaClO3 (d) NaClO 4

HClO HClO 2 HClO3 HClO 4

Which is strongest oxidising agent amount ?
(g) HClO (b) HClO 2 (c) HClO3 (d) HClO 4
d – p
CO 2 SiO 2 XeF2 SO2–
4
In which compound d – p bond exists.
(g) CO 2 (b) SiO 2 (c) XeF2 (d) SO2–
4

F– Cl – Br – I–
The strongest reducing agent is
(g) F– (b) Cl – (c) Br – (d) I –

PH 3 P2 H 4 NH3 NO 2
Which gas forms vortex rings in contact of air ?
(g) PH3 (b) P2 H 4 (c) NH3 (d) NO2
[A]
[A] [B] [B]
CH 3 – OH CH 3 – Br C 2 H5 – Br CH 3 – CHO
Propyne reacts with sodium in presence of liquid amonia form a compound [A].
Compound [A] reacts with a compound [B] forms 2-butyne. The compound [B] is
(g) CH 3 – OH (b) CH 3 – Br (c) C 2 H5 – Br (d) CH 3 – CHO
Mg/ether CH –CHO H O
CH 3 – X  [A] 
3
 [B] 
2  [C]

[C]
CH3
|
CH3 – C H – OH CH 3 – O – CH3
O
||
CH3 – C – CH3 CH3 – CH 2 – CH 2 OH

Mg/ether CH –CHO H O
CH 3 – X  [A] 
3
 [B] 
2  [C]

The compound [C] is–

 CH3
|
(g) CH3 – C H – OH (b) CH 3 – O – CH3
O
||
(c) CH3 – C – CH3 (d) CH 3 – CH 2 – CH 2 OH

Which of the following acids can not be prepared from Grignard reagents ?
(h) Formic acid (b) Acetic acid
(c) Iso butyric acid (d) Benzoic acid

Arsenic drugs are mainly used in the treatment of

(g) Jaundice (b) Typhoid
(c) Syphills (d) Cholera

O
||
C 2 H5 – O – C2 H 5 CH3 – C – CH3
CHO
CH 3 – CHO

Which of the following gives red ppt. with Fehling’s solution–

O
||
(g) C 2 H5 – O – C2 H 5 (b) CH3 – C – CH3
CHO
(c) (d) CH 3 – CHO

Which arrangement is correct regarding increasing order of stability.

   
(g) C H3 < CH3 – C H 2 < C H 2 – CH 2 – CH 3 < C H – CH3
|
CH3
   
(h) C H3 < CH3 – C H 2 < CH3 – CH 2 – C H 2 < C H – CH3
|
CH3

C H3 < C H – CH3  CH3 – CH 2 – C H 2 < Cl – C H 2

   
(i)
|
CH3
   
(j) CH3 – CH = C H < CH3 – CH = CH – C H 2  CH 2 = C H

NH3 CH3COOH Al(OH)3 CuO

Which is amphoteric amongst
(g) NH3 (b) CH3COOH (c) Al(OH)3 (d) CuO

HOCl HOBr HOI H 2O

Which has greater bond angle amongst ?
(k) HOCl (b) HOBr (c) HOI (d) H 2 O
KCN H O/H +
CH3 – Cl  [A] 
2 [B]
[B]
CH3 – CH 2OH CH3COOH
CH3 – CH 2 – NH 2 CH3 – O – CH3
KCN H O/H +
CH3 – Cl  [A] 
2 [B]
The compound [B] is–
(m) CH 3 – CH 2 OH (b) CH3COOH
(c) CH 3 – CH 2 – NH 2 (d) CH 3 – O – CH3

Na 2 CO3 CaCO3 FeCO3 CuCO3

Which carbonate does not exists
(t) Na 2 CO3 (b) CaCO3 (c) FeCO3 (d) CuCO3

Formaldehyde is heated with phenol forms

(r) Bakelite (b) Resion (c) Polystrene (d) Aldol
(i) O

3  [X]
(ii) H 2 O/Zn
[X]

(i) O

3  [X]
(ii) H 2 O/Zn

The compound [X] is–

 (a) (b)

(c) (d)

SOLUTION
(1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (a) (4) (a) (5) (c)
(6) (c) (7) (b) (8) (d) (9) (d) (10) (a)
(11) (d) (12) (a) (13) (a) (14) (d) (15) (d)
(16) (b) (17) (b) (18) (a) (19) (a) (20) (c)
(21) (d) (22) (a) (23) (c) (24) (c) (25) (b)
(26) (c) (27) (a) (28) (b)

Very Short Questions :– (2 marks each)

 CO2
Q. CO2 is gas while silica is solid. Explain
Si O Si–O

CO2 sp-
CO2 CO2
Ans. Due to large electronegativity difference in Si and O atoms, Si – O bond possesses
some ionic nature and thus silica has three dimensional infinite structure having
silicon atom tetraheadrally bonded to four oxygen atoms. The entire crystal of silica
shows giant molecule and having high melting solid.

On the other hand CO2 shows simple covalent nature having C-atom sp-
hybridised. The molecules of CO2 are held together by weak vander Waals forces and
it exists as gas.
Q. Graphite is good conductor of electricity but diamond is bad conductor of
electricity. Why ?
C-atom sp2– free p-electron  -bond
  bond electron

sp3 –

Ans. Graphite has sp2-hybridised carbons with layer structure along with  –electrons (p-p bond)
free to move throughout entires layers. Hence graphite is good conductor of electricity.
While diamond’s carbon atom is sp3-hybridised and there is no mobile
electron in it. Hence diamond is bad conductor of electricity.

HNO3

Q. Aluminium container can be used for storing conc. HNO3. Why ?

HNO3 Al
Al HNO3
Ans. Al becomes passive in contact of conc. HNO3 due to forming of thin layer of
Aluminium oxide. Hence conc. HNO3 can be stored in Al-container.

FeS H2 S

Q. Nitric acid can not be used to prepare H2S from FeS. Why ?
H2 S
FeS + 2HNO3  Fe(NO3 ) 2 + H 2S
3H 2S + 2HNO3  2NO + S + 4H 2 O
Ans. Nitric acid is an oxidising agent, it will oxidise H2S to sulphur.
FeS + 2HNO3  Fe(NO3 ) 2 + H 2S
3H 2S + 2HNO3  2NO + S + 4H 2 O

KI
Q. Iodine is insoluble in water but soluble in KI solution. Explain.
I2 KI
I2 KI3
KI + I2  KI3
Ans. I2 is a non-polar covalent compound and thus insoluble in water. In aqueous solution
of KI, I2 forms a complex compound KI3. Which is ionic in nature and soluble in
water.
KI + I 2  KI3 (water soluble complex)

Q. Differentiate the following by proper tests.

(a) Phenol and benzoic acid.
(b) Ethyl alcohol and acetone.

CO2

Ans. (a) Phenol does not give effervescence of CO2 gas with sodium carbonate. While
bezoic acid produces effervescence of CO2 gas with sodium carbonate.
(b) Ethanol and acetone both performs iodoform test. While only ethanol gives red
colouration with victor-Macyer’s test.

Q. Complete the following reactions.

(a)

(b)

Ans.

(a)

(b)
Q. Predict the osmotic pressure order for the following.
(I) 0.1 N Urea (II) 0.1 N NaCl (III) 0.1 N Na3PO4 (IV) 0.1 N Na2SO4
Ans. I < II < IV < III
A, B, C D

Q. The standard oxidation potential of four metals A, B, C and D are –0.34, +0.25,
+0.76 and –0.85 volt respectively. Arrange them in decreasing order of reactivity.
Ans. C>B>A>D

KMnO4
KMnO4
Q. Explain the following.
(a) Why the catalyst is more effective in finelly divided state ?
(b) When acidic solution of KMnO4 is added to hot solution of oxalic acid. The colouf
is decolourised slowly in beginning but after sometime it disappears rapidly.

KMnO4 Mn2+ ion

Mn2+ ion KMnO4

Mn ion
2+

Ans. (a) Surface area of finelly divided catalyst is high that increases the rate of
adsorption of gas. Hence finelly divided catalyst is more effective
(b) Acidic KMnO4 is an oxidising agent. It activity increases in presence of self
catalyst Mn2+ ion.
Initially decolourisation of KMnO4 by hot oxalic acid is slow due to less
amount of Mn2+ ion. As soon as as Mn2+ ion is formed, the rate of
decolourisation increases.

Q. Why are all adsorptions exthermic.

Ans. In the process of adsorption, there is decrease in surface energy which appears as heat
evolution.; hence all adsorption are exothermic.
Long Questions :–

CuSO4 AgNO3 HgCl2

CO2 Cl2

Q. How ammonia gas reacts with the following.

(a) CuSO4 solution (b) AgNO3 solution (c) HgCl2 solution
(d) CO2 gas (e) Cl2 gas
CuSO4

NH3 + H 2 O  NH 4OH
CuSO4 + 2NH 4OH  Cu(OH) 2 + (NH 4 ) 2SO 4
blue ppt.
Cu(OH) 2 + (NH 4 ) 2SO 4  2(NH 4OH)  [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ]SO 4 + 4H 2 O
Deep blue colour
AgNO3
NH3
AgNO3 + NH 4OH  AgOH + NH 4 NO3
White ppt.
AgOH + NH 4 NO3  NH 4OH  [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ]NO3 + 2H 2O
soluble in water

HgCl 2 + 2NH 4OH  [Hg(NH 2 )Cl] + NH 4Cl + H 2O

white ppt.
CO2
O
||
2NH3 + CO 2  H 2 N – C – NH 2 + 2H 2O
urea
i N2
2NH3 + 3Cl2  N 2 + 6HCl
NH3  6HCl  NH4Cl ]  6
8NH3  3Cl2  N 2 + 6NH 4Cl
ii

NH3 + 3Cl2  NCl3 + 3HCl

Ans. (a) When ammonia gas is passed through CuSO4 solution, blue precipitative of
cupric hydroxide is obtained. Which dissolved in excesss of ammonia gas and
produces deep blue coloration.
NH3 + H 2 O  NH 4OH
CuSO4 + 2NH 4OH  Cu(OH) 2 + (NH 4 ) 2SO 4
blue ppt.
Cu(OH) 2 + (NH 4 ) 2SO 4  2(NH 4OH)  [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ]SO 4 + 4H 2 O
Deep blue colour

(b) NH3 gas is passed through aqueous solution of AgNO3, white ppt is obtained.
Which dissolved in excess of ammonia gas
AgNO3 + NH 4OH  AgOH + NH 4 NO3
White ppt.
AgOH + NH 4 NO3  NH 4OH  [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ]NO3 + 2H 2O
soluble in water
(c) When ammonia gas is passed through the solution of HgCl2, white precipitate of
mercuric amino chloride is obtained.
HgCl 2 + 2NH 4 OH  [Hg(NH 2 )Cl] + NH 4Cl + H 2O
white ppt.

(d) Ammonia gas is heated with CO2 at high pressure, urea is obtained.
O
||
2NH3 + CO 2  H 2 N – C – NH 2 + 2H 2O
urea
(k) (i) Chlorine gas reacts with excess fo amonia gas forms N2 gas.
2NH3 + 3Cl2  N 2 + 6HCl
NH3  6HCl  NH4Cl ]  6
8NH3  3Cl2  N 2 + 6NH 4Cl
(ii) Excess of chlorine gas reacts with amonia gas forms nitrogen trichloride.
NH3 + 3Cl2  NCl3 + 3HCl

Q. Name the important ores of mercury. How mercury is extracted from its ore ?
give reactions.
 2HgS + 3O 2  2HgO + 2SO 2
2HgO  2Hg + O 2
HgO + C  Hg + CO
HgO + CO  Hg + CO 2

Ans. Important ores of mercury.

Cinabar : HgS
Extraction of Mercury from Cinabar ore : The exraction of mercury from cinabar
ore involves the following steps.
(iii) Concentration – The crushed ore is concentrated by froth floatation method.
(iv) Roasting – The concentrated ore is mixed with charcoal and roasted in a shaft
furnance. The vapour of mercury is passed through iron pipes into water cooled
condensor.
2HgS + 3O 2  2HgO + 2SO 2
2HgO  2Hg + O 2
HgO + C  Hg + CO
HgO + CO  Hg + CO 2

Q. Bring the following conversions.

(a) Ethanol to acetone
(b) Benzene to aniline
(c) Acetone to acetaldehyde
(d) Acetamide to methane
(e) Nitrobenzene to phenol
Ans.
 S.S.C.
B.C.C.
F.C.C.

Q. Define unit cell and calculate number of atoms present in

(a) Simple subic crystal (S.S.C.)
(b) B.C.C.
(c) F.C.C.

1
S.C.C. = 8 1
8
1
B.C.C. = 8  1 2
8
1 1
F.C. C. = 8   6  4
8 2

Ans. Unit cell – The smallest unit of a crystal lattice, when repeated forms the whole
crystal is called unit cell.
Unit cell join together along the three directions to make up an entire crystal
lattice.
1
No. of atoms in S.C.C. = 8  1
8
1
No. of atoms in B.C.C. = 8   1  2
8
1 1
No. of atoms in F.C. C. = 8   6   4
8 2
 CHEMISRY (Set-8)

Choose the correct answer :- (1 mark each)

1.
F2 Cl2 Br2 I2
Which has greater bond energy amongs ?
(a) F2 (b) Cl2 (c) Br2 (d) I2
(N 2 )
heat heat
NH 4Cl  NaNO 2 
 Ca(OCl)Cl  NH3 

heat
(NH 4 ) 2 Cr2 O7  
Which of the following reactions is used in the preparation of (N 2 ) ?
heat heat
(i) NH 4Cl  NaNO2 
 (b) Ca(OCl)Cl  NH3 

heat
(c) (NH 4 )2 Cr2 O7 
 (d) All of these

NF3  NCl3  NBr3  NI3 NI3  NBr3  NCl3  NF3

NCl3  NBr3  NI3  NF3 NI3  NF3  NCl3  NBr3
The tendency of nitrogen halides to act as Lewis bases decreases in the order.
(h) NF3  NCl3  NBr3  NI3 (b) NI3  NBr3  NCl3  NF3
(c) NCl3  NBr3  NI3  NF3 (d) NI3  NF3  NCl3  NBr3

(a) SO 2 (b) H 2SO 4 (c) H 2S (d) CO 2

Which of the following reagent turns lead acetate paper black ?
(a) SO 2 (b) H 2SO 4 (c) H 2S (d) CO 2

F Cl Br I
Which of the following has maximum electron affinity ?
(a) F (b) Cl (c) Br (d) I

He, Ne Ar, Rn Kr, Ar He, Kr

Which of the following mixture of noble gases are used in producing laser beams ?
(a) He, Ne (b) Ar, Rn (c) Kr, Ar (d) He, Kr
Sulphide ores are generally concentrated by the
(h) Gravity reperation method (b) Magnetec separation
mithod
(c) Froth floatation method (d) All of these

Cu Ag Zn Al
Cyanide process is used for extraction of-
(l) Cu (b) Ag (c) Zn (d) Al

AgNO3 Zn SO 4 Al 2 (SO 4 )3 Fe SO 4
From which solution copper displace the metal ?
(a) AgNO3 (b) Zn SO 4 (c) Al 2 (SO 4 )3 (d)
Fe SO 4
K 4 [Fe (CN)6 ] IUPAC
Fe (II)
(III) (II)
The IUPAC name of K 4 [Fe (CN)6 ] is -
(h) Potassium ferro cyanide (b) Potassium hexa cyano
Fe (II)
(c) Potassium hexa cyano ferrate (III) (d) Potassium hexa cyano ferrate (II)
C60

The C60 molecule has

(i) 14 pentagons and 18 hexa gons (b) 12 pentagons and 20 hexa gons
(j) 10 pentagons and 20 hexa gons (d) 12 pentagons and 18 hexa gons
C–H
CH 4 > C 2 H 4 > C2 H 6 > C2 H 2 C2 H 6 > CH 4 > C 2 H 4 > C2 H 2
CH 4 > C 2 H 6 > C 2 H 4 > C 2 H 2 C 2 H 2 > C 2 H 4 > C 2 H 6 > CH 4
Which of the following represents correct order of dcreasing C–H bond lengths in the
following molecules
(j) CH 4 >C 2 H 4 > C2 H 6 > C 2 H 2 (b)
C2 H 6 > CH 4 > C 2 H 4 > C2 H 2
(c) CH 4 > C 2 H 6 > C 2 H 4 > C 2 H 2 (d) C2 H 2 > C 2 H 4 > C2 H6 > CH 4
b.p
CH 3 – OH CH 3 – O – CH3
 CH 3 – CH 2 – OH CH 3 – CH 2 – CH 3
Which of the following molecules has highest boiling point–
(h) CH3 – OH (b) CH3 – O – CH3
(c) CH 3 – CH 2 – OH (d) CH 3 – CH 2 – CH 3
sp 2
CH 2 = C = O CH 2 = C = CH 2
CH 2 = CH – CHO CH 2 = CH  CN
Which of the following molecules having sp 2 -hybridisation only
(h) CH 2 = C = O (b) CH 2 = C = CH 2
(c) CH 2 = CH – CHO (d) CH 2 = CH  CN

CH 4 C2 H 6 C2 H 4 C2 H 2
Among the following compounds. Which is acidic.
(h) CH 4 (b) C2 H6 (c) C2 H 4 (d) C2 H 2

SO2–
4 HCO3– CO32– NO3–
Which is strongest base among the following.
(h) SO2–
4 (b) HCO3– (c) CO32– (d) NO3–

Which of the following compounds is more acidic ?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

HCl
The order of reactivity of the following alcohols towards conc. HCl is
I F – CH 2 – C H – CH3 II F – CH 2 – CH 2 – C H – CH3
| |
OH OH
 OH
|
III CH3 – C H – CH3 IV C6 H 5 – CH 2 – OH
(a) I > II > III  IV (b) I > III > II  IV
(c) IV > III > II  I (d) IV > III > I  II
KOH
CH3 – CH 2 – Cl CH 2 = CH – Cl
Cl
|
Cl – CH 2 – CH 2 – Cl CH3 – C H – Cl
Which of the following on hydrolysis with aqueous KOH gives acetaldehyde.
(i) CH3 – CH 2 – Cl (b) CH 2 = CH – Cl
Cl
|
(c) Cl – CH 2 – CH 2 – Cl (d) CH3 – C H – Cl

Which is not aromatic among ?

(h) (b) (c) (d)

The enzyme that breaks the bacterial cell wall is

(h) Lysozyme (b) Lipase (c)Zymase (d) Diastase

The half life period of first order reaction is 10 minutes. The rate constant for the
reaction is
(l) 0.693 min –1 (b) 0.00693 min –1 (c) 0.0693 min –1 (d) 693 min –1

E° E°
G G
If a cell reaction is spontaneous then
(h) E° is negative (b) E° is zero
(c) G is negative (d) G is positive
Fe 2   2e  Fe; E° = – 0.44 V
 Fe3  3e  Fe; E° = – 0.036 V
Fe3  e  Fe 2  E°
Considering the above data, the standard electrode potential (E°) for
3 2
Fe  e  Fe is–
(a) + 1.2 V (b) 0.404 V (c) 0.771 V (d) – 0.40 V

Which of the following conditions is correct for an ideal solution ?

(n) H mix = 0, Vmix > 0 (b)  mix = 0, Smix > 0
(c) H mix > 0, Smix > 0 (d) H mix = 0, Smix < 0

An azeotropic solution of two liquids will have boiling point lower than two liquids
when it.
(u) Shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law
(v) Shows negative deviation from Raoult’s law
(w) Shows no deviation from Raoult’s law
(x) None of these

Which of the following is not colloidal solution ?

(s) Smoke (b) Ink (c) Blood (d) Air

Which arrangement is correct decreasing order of coagulating power ?

(a) NaCl > BaCl2 > AlCl3 (b) BaCl2 > AlCl3 > NaCl
(b) AlCl3 > BaCl2 > NaCl (d) BaCl2 > NaCl > AlCl3

SOLUTION
(1) (b) (2) (d) (3) (b) (4) (c) (5) (b)
(6) (a) (7) (c) (8) (b) (9) (a) (10) (d)
(11) (c) (12) (c) (13) (c) (14) (c) (15) (d)
(16) (c) (17) (d) (18) (c) (19) (d) (20) (b)
(21) (d) (22) (c) (23) (c) (24) (c) (25) (a)
(26) (a) (27) (d) (28) (c)

Very Short Questions :– (2 marks each)

Ni(CO)4 [Ni(CN)4]2–
CuSO4. 5H2O ZnSO4.7H2O

Q. Explain the following.

(a) Ni(CO)4 is tetrahedral but [Ni(CN)4]2– is square planar.
(b) CuSO4. 5H2O is blue but ZnSO4.7H2O is colourless.
Ni(CO) 4 Ni sp3
Ni(CO) 4
3d 4s 4p
28 Ni –      
In G.S.
3d 4s 4p
28 Ni –      xx xx xx xx
(In E.S.)    
CO CO CO CO

[Ni(CN) 4 ]2– Ni dsp2

3d 4s 4p
2+
28 Ni –     
(In G.S.)
dsp2
3d 4s 4p
28 Ni
2+
–     xx xx xx xx xx
(In E.S.)    
– – – –
CN CN CN CN

ZnSO 4  7H 2O Zn 2+ ion (3d10 )

ZnSO 4  7H 2O
Ans. (a) Oxidation state of Ni in Ni(CO)4 is zero and CO is a strong ligand.
3d 4s 4p
28 Ni –      
In G.S.
 3d 4s 4p
28 Ni –      xx xx xx xx
(In E.S.)    
CO CO CO CO

There is sp3-hybridisation in Ni(CO)4. Hence it has tetrahederal structure.

Oxidation state of Ni in [Ni(CN)4]2– is +2 and Cl– ion is weak ligand. There is dsp2–
hybridization in [Ni(CN)4]2– and it has square planar structure.
3d 4s 4p
28 Ni
2+
–     
(In G.S.)
dsp2
3d 4s 4p
28 Ni
2+
–     xx xx xx xx xx
(In E.S.)    
– – – –
CN CN CN CN

(c) There is incompletely filled d-orbital in Cu2+ ion of

CuSO 4  5H 2O . Thus d-d transition of electron is possible in it. Hence
CuSO 4  5H 2O is blue.
The d-orbital of Zn 2+ (3d10 ) of ZnSO 4  7H 2O is completely filled. Thus no
d-d- transition of electron is possible in ZnSO 4  7H 2O . Hence ZnSO 4  7H 2O is
colorless.

O2 S8
H2 S
Q. Explain the following.
(a) Oxygen forms O2 but sulphur forms S8.
(b) Water is liquid but H2S is gas.

 – bond O2

S S–
 – bond S8
S–S  – bond
H-bonding
  + + 
 H H 
 | –2 + –2 + | –2 
 H  – O  H – O  H – O 
 | 
 
 H + 
n

Ans. (a) Atomic size of oxygen is smaller. It can form  – bond as well as
 – bond between O and O atoms and exists as O2.
Atomic size of sulphur is bigger. It can not form  – bond together with
s – bond between S and S atoms. To satisfied its valency, it forms S8 molecule in
which all atoms of sulphur bonded with only  – bond .
(t) There are inter molecular H-bonds in wqater molecules that increases its boiling
points. Hence water is liquid.
 + + 
 H H 
 | –2 + –2 + | –2 
 H  – O  H – O  H – O 
 | 
 
 H + 
n
H2S can not form H-bonding. That is why it is gas.

KMnO4 K2Cr2O7
Q. Write reaction of SO2 with KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7.

SO2 KMnO4
2KMnO 4  2H 2O + 5SO 2  K 2SO 4 + 2MnSO 4 + 2H 2SO 4
SO2 K 2Cr2O7
K 2Cr2O 7  H 2SO 4 + 3SO 2  K 2SO 4 + Cr2 (SO 4 )3 + H 2O
Ans. (i) SO2 gas reacts with acidified KMnO4 solution and pink colour of solution
becomes colourless.
2KMnO 4 + 3H 2SO 4  K 2SO 4  2MnSO 4  3H 2O + 5[O]
SO 2 + [O]  SO3 ]  5
H 2O + SO3  H 2SO4 ]  5
2KMnO 4  2H 2O + 5SO 2  K 2SO 4 + 2MnSO 4 + 2H 2SO 4
(ii) When SO2 gas is passed throgh acidic solution of K 2Cr2 O7 . The organe colour
of K 2Cr2O 7 becomes green.
 K 2Cr2 O7 + 4H 2SO 4  K 2SO 4  Cr2 (SO 4 )3  4H 2O + 3[O] ]  5
H 2O + SO2  [O]  H 2SO 4 ]  5
K 2Cr2O7  H 2SO 4 + 3SO2  K 2SO 4 + Cr2 (SO 4 )3 + H 2O

Q. How nitric acid reacts with copper.

Cu
HNO3
HNO3 N2 O
4Cu  10HNO3  4Cu(NO3 ) 2 + 5H 2O + N 2O

Cu HNO3
3Cu  8HNO3  3Cu(NO3 ) 2 + 4H 2O + 2NO
HNO3
Cu HNO3 NO2
Cu  4HNO3  Cu(NO3 ) 2 + 2H 2O + 2NO 2
Ans. Nitric acid reacts with copper in different concentration
(i) With dilute HNO3
Copper reacts with dilute nitric acid produces cupricnitrate and nitrous oxide gas
2HNO3  H 2O  N 2 O + 4[O]
Cu + [O]  CuO ]  4
CuO + 2HNO3  Cu(NO3 )2  H 2O ]  4
4Cu  10HNO3  4Cu(NO3 ) 2 + 5H 2O + N 2O

(ii) With 50% nitric acid

Copper reacts with 50% nitric acid forms cupric nitrate and nitric oxide gas
2HNO3  H 2O  2NO + 3[O]
Cu + [O]  CuO ]  3
CuO + 2HNO3  Cu(NO3 ) 2  H 2O ]  3
3Cu  8HNO3  3Cu(NO3 ) 2 + 4H 2O + 2NO

(iii) With conc. HNO3

Copper reacts with conc. HNO3 produces cupric nitrate and NO2 gas.
2HNO3  H 2O  2NO 2 + [O]
 Cu + [O]  CuO
CuO + 2HNO3  Cu(NO3 ) 2  H 2O ]
Cu  4HNO3  Cu(NO3 ) 2 + 2H 2O + 2NO 2
NaOH NaOH
Q. How chlorine gas reacts with (i) dilute NaOH and (ii) conc. NaOH.
NaOH
NaOH

2NaOH  Cl 2  NaCl + NaOCl + H 2O

NaOH
NaOH

6NaOH  3Cl2  5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H 2O

Ans. (i) With dilute NaOH
Chlrofine gas reacts with dilute NaOH produces sodium hypochloride and sodium
chloride.
H 2 O + Cl2  HOCl  HCl
NaOH + HCl  NaCl  H 2O
NaOH + HOCl  NaOCl  H 2O ]
2NaOH  Cl2  NaCl + NaOCl + H 2O
(ii) With Conc. NaOH
Cl2 gas reacts with hot and conc. NaOH produces sodium chloride and sodium
chlorate.
H 2O + Cl2  HOCl  HCl ]  3
NaOH + HCl  NaCl  H 2 O ]  3
NaOH + HOCl  NaOCl  H 2O ]  3
3NaOCl  NaClO3  2NaCl
6NaOH  3Cl2  5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H 2O

Ag
Q. How chloroform reacts with
(i) Ag (ii) Ethyl amine
 KOH

C2 H5 – NH 2  CHCl3  3KOH  C 2 H 5 –NC + 3KCl + 3H 2O

Ethyl amine Chloroform Carbylamine

Ans. (i) Chloroform is heated with Ag-dust produces acetylene gas.

(ii) Chloroform is heated with ehtylamine and alcoholic KOH produces rotten egg
smell of carbyl amine
C 2 H5 – NH 2  CHCl3  3KOH  C2 H5 –NC + 3KCl + 3H 2O
Ethyl amine Chloroform Carbylamine

Q. What is aldol reaction ?

–H NaOH

H H H
| | |
NaOH
CH3 – C = O + H – CH 2 – C = O 
 CH 3 – C H – CH 2 – CHO


Ans. An aldehyde having  – H reacts with dilute NaOH produces aldol.

H H H
| | |
NaOH
CH3 – C = O + H – CH 2 – C = O 
 CH 3 – C H – CH 2 – CHO
Acetaldehyde  Aldol

Q. Discuss Hoffmann’s bromide reaction.

Br2 KOH 1
O
|| –NH 2
– C –NH 2
 O
||
heat
R – C – NH 2  Br2  4KOH 
 R–NH 2  2KBr + K 2CO3  2H 2O

1°
Ans. The amide is heated with bromine and concentrated aqueous or alcoholic KOH
solution produces 1°-amine.
O
By this reaction amide ( || ) group converted into –NH2 group.
– C –NH 2
O
||
heat
R – C – NH 2  Br2  4KOH 
 R–NH 2  2KBr + K 2CO3  2H 2O
Amide 1° amine

Q. Derive an equtaion for equilibrium constant in a galvanic cell.

aA + bB  lL + mM
Nearnt’s equation,
2.303RT [L]l [M]m
E cell = E°cell – log ... (1)
nF [A]a [B]b
E °cell = EMF
R=
T=
F=
n=

E cell = 0.0 volt

[L]l [M]m
=K=
[A]a [B]b

2.303RT
E °cell = log K ... (2)
nF
, nFE°cell = 2.303RT log K
, nFE°cell = – G 
 G   – 2.303RT log K
Ans. Nearest equation for Ecell is written for the reaction
 aA + bB  lL + mM in a cell
2.303RT [L]l [M]m
E cell = E°cell – log ... (1)
nF [A]a [B]b
Where, E °cell = Standard EMF of cell
T = Temperature in Kelvin
R = Gas constant
F = Faraday’s number
n = Number of moles of electrons used in cell reaction
At equilibrium
E cell = 0.0 volt
[L]l [M]m
And = K = equlibrium constant
[A]a [B]b
Hence above equation at equilibrium becomes as follow
2.303RT
E °cell = log K ... (2)
nF
or, nFE°cell = 2.303RT log K
since, nFE°cell = – G 
 G   – 2.303RT log K ... (3)

S.C.C.
Q. Calculate the percentage packing fraction for simple cubic lattice (S.C.C.).
Ans. Let us consider,
Radius of atom in packing = r
Edge of the cube = a
4 3
Volume of atom, v = r
3
Volume of Cube, V = a3
v 4r 3
PAcking fraction  
V 3a3
a
For S.C.C., r 
2
4   a / 2
3

 Packing fraction    0.52
3a 3 6
% Packing fraction  52
Q. Derive half life period for first order reaction.

2.303 a
k log
t ( a – x)
2.303 a
t log
k ( a – x)
t  t1/ 2
a
a–x 
2
2.303 a
 tt / 2  log
k a/2
2.303
tt / 2  log 2
k
2.303  0.301
tt / 2 
k
0.693
tt / 2 
k

Ans. Equation for 1st order reaction

2.303 a
k log
t ( a – x)
2.303 a
Or, t log
k ( a – x)
When, t  t1/ 2
a
a–x 
2
2.303 a
 tt / 2  log
k a/2
2.303
tt / 2  log 2
k
2.303  0.301
tt / 2 
k
0.693
tt / 2 
k
Long Questions :–

Q. Describe the principle of manufacture of sulphuric acid by contact process.

SO2
SO2
2SO 2 + O 2  2SO3 ; H  – Q

 SO3
 SO3 SO2
O2 °C V2O5

SO3 H2SO4 H2SO4

H 2SO 4 + SO3  H 2S2O7
 H 2S2 O7 + H 2O  2H 2SO 4

Ans. Principle :–
(i) The process involves the oxidation of sulphur dioxide by air in the presence of
catalyst V2O5.
V O
 2SO3 ; H  – Q
2 5
2SO 2 + O 2 

heat
(ii) Sulphur trioxide is dissolved in 98% sulphuric acid, forms oleum.
H 2SO4 + SO3  H 2S2O7
Oleum
(iii) Sulphuric acid of any desire concentration is prepared from oleum with water.
H 2S2 O7 + H 2O  2H 2SO 4
The oxidation of SO 2 is reversible process, contraction in volume and exothermic.
Hence applying Le Chatelier’s principle to obtained greater yield of SO3.
 Reaction is carried out high peressure.
 At low temperature production of SO3 should increase. But at lower temperature
SO2 does not oxidise. Hence at optimum temperature 450°C catalyst V2O5 is
applied.

IUPAC
Q. Write IUPAC name of the following compounds.
OH
|
(a) CH 3 – C H – CH 2 – CHO (b)

(c) H – C  C – CH 2 – CH = CH 2 (d)

(e)

Ans. (a) 3-Hydroxy butanal (b) Hex-3-en-5-one-1-al

(c) Pent-1-ene-4-yne (d) Cyclopent-2-e ne-1-carbonaldehyde
(e) Cyclo aza butane
Q. How eill you distinguish between (a) Formic acid and acetic acid
(b) Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde (c) Ethyl alcohol and diethyl ether
(d) Ethyl amine and aniline (e) Acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde

Tollen's reagent
HCOOH + Ag 2O  2Ag + CO 2  H 2O
Δ

CH 3 – CHO + 4NaOH + 3I 2  CHI3 + 3NaI  HCOONa + 3H 2O

CH 3 – CH 2 OH + 4I 2  6NaOH  CHI3 + 5NaI  5H 2O + HCOONa

Fehling's
CH3 – CHO + CuO  CH3 – COOH + Cu 2O
solution
Ans. (a) Formic acid produces silver mirror with Tollen’s reagent but acetic acid does not.
Tollen's reagent
HCOOH + Ag 2O  2Ag + CO 2  H 2O
Δ
(o) Acetaldehyde performs idoform test but formaldeyde does not.
CH 3 – CHO + 4NaOH + 3I 2  CHI3 + 3NaI  HCOONa + 3H 2O
(p) Ethyl alcohol perform idoform test but diethyl ether does not.
CH 3 – CH 2 OH + 4I 2  6NaOH  CHI3 + 5NaI  5H 2O + HCOONa
(q) Aniline perform azodye test with benzene diazonium chloride but ethyl
amine does not.
 (r) Acetaldehyde heated with Fehling’s solution gives red precipitate of
cuprous oxide but benzaldeyde does not.
Fehling's
CH3 – CHO + CuO  CH3 – COOH + Cu 2O
solution

Q. Write FAraday’s Law of electrolysis.

Q m

mQ
Q= 
 c × t = ct coulomb
So, m  ct
m  Z  ct ... (1)
,Z=
 CuSO 4 AgNO3

Cu = m1
Cu = E1
Ag = m2
Ag = E2
,
m1  E1
m1  k  E1
k=
m2  E2
m2  k  E2
m1 E1
  ... (1)
m2 E 2
m1 = Z1ct
m 2 = Z2ct
E1 Z1ct
 
E 2 Z2 ct
E1 Z1
  ... (2)
E 2 Z2
E
or,  constant = 96500 coulomb = (F)
Z
E
 F ... (3)
Z
Ans. Regarding electrolysis, FAraday proposed two laws of electrolysis.
(i) Faraday’s first law of electrolysis :– “When electric current is
passed through the solution of an electrolyte, the amount deposited at any
 electrode is directly proportional to the quantity of electrical charge passed
through the electrolyte”. If m gram of a substance deposited by passing Q
coulomb of electrical charge.
mQ
Q = current in ampere  time in second
So, m  ct
m  Z  ct
Where, Z = electrochemical equivalent.
(ii) Faraday’s second law of electrolysis :– “When same quantity of
electrical charge is passed through the solution of different electrolytes
connected in series, the mass deposited at each electrode isproportional to their
chemical equivalent.”

Let us consider two voltameters containing solution of CuSO4 and

AgNO3 respectively and connected in series.
Same quantity of electrical charge, Q is passed through there solutions.
Mass of Cu deposited = m1
Equivalent weight of Cu = E1
Mass of Ag deposited = m2
Equivalent weight of Ag = E2
Then,
m1  E1
m1  k  E1
Where k = proportional constant
m2  E2
m2  k  E2
m1 E1
  ... (1)
m2 E 2
 m1 = Z1ct
m 2 = Z2ct
E1 Z1ct
 
E 2 Z2 ct
E1 Z1
  ... (2)
E 2 Z2
E
or,  constant = 96500 coulomb = Faraday’s number (F)
Z
E
 F ... (3)
Z

CHEMISRY (Set-9)

Choose the correct answer :- (1 mark each)

1. N
6.023  1024 6.023  1023 6.023  10 –23
Avogadro’s number (N) is equal to–
(a) 6.023  1024 (b) 6.023  1023 (c) 6.023  10–23 (d) 11.2

The number of tetrahedral voids for atom is a crystal lattice is–

(j) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 8

T f  Tb Kb

Which is not a colligative property ?

(i) T f (b)  (c) Tb (d) Kb
NaOH

4 g of NaOH is dissolved is 250 ml of a solution, the molarity of the solution will be

(g) 1.0 (b) 0.4 (c) 2.0 (d) 0.05

Isotonic solutions have same

(a) Malar concentration (b) Malality
(c) Normality (d) None of these
27C 1M
2.46 atm 24.6 atm 1.21 atm 12.1 atm
The osmotic pressure of a 1 M solution at 27°C is-
(a) 2.46 atm (b) 24.6 atm (c) 1.21 atm (d) 12.1 atm

0.1 M NaCl 0.1 M

0.1 M BaCl2 0.1 M
Which has highest boiling point under 1 atm pressure-
(i) 0.1 M NaCl (b) 0.1 M Sucrose
(c) 0.1 M BaCl2 (d) 0.1 M Glucose
0.1 M Ba(NO3 )2

The Van’t Hoff factor of 0.1 M Ba(NO3 )2 solutions is 2.74. the degree of dissociation
will be-
(m) 91.3% (b) 87%
(c) 100% (d) 74%

CH3Cl CH 2Cl2
CHCl3 CCl4
Which of the following has maximum dipole moment ?
(i) CH3Cl (b) CH 2Cl2
(c) CHCl3 (d) CCl4
What is the radius ratio of octahedral void-
(i) 0.212 (b) 0.314 (c) 0.414 (d) 0.205
H 2SO4

H 2SO4 is–
(k) Acid (b) Base (c) Alkali (d) Salt

H3PO4 H3PO3 H3PO2 HPO3

Tribasic acid is–
(k) H3PO4 (b) H3PO3 H3PO2 (d) HPO3

Lanthanoid contraction implies–

(i) Decrease in density (b) Decrease in mass
(c) Decrease in ionic radii `(d) Decrease in radioactivity

K+ CN – Fe3+ Na +
The ligand in Potassium Ferrocyanide is
(i) K+ (b) CN – (c) Fe3+ (d) Na +

Zn 2+ Cu 2+ Sc3+ Mn 2+
Which is paramagnetic in the following-
(i) Zn 2+ (b) Cu 2+ (c) Sc3+ (d) Mn 2+
Ni(CO)4

The oxidation number of Nickel in Ni(CO)4 is-

(i) 1 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 2

The metal extracted by cyanide process is-

(h) Silver (b) Copper (c) Iron (d) Sodium

Which one of the following is an alkaline earth element ?

(h) Carbon (b) Sodium (c) Zinc (d) Iron

p- s- d- f-
Which block of elements are known as transition elements ?
(j) p-block (b) s-block (c) d-block (d) f-block

NCl3 NBr3 NI3 NF3

Which one of the following is least basic ?
(i) NCl3 (b) NBr3 (c) NI3 (d) NF3

NH3 H2O HCl HF

Which one of the following does not form hydrogen bonding ?
(i) NH3 (b) H 2O (c) HCl (d) HF
A

Vitamine A is called-
(m) Ascorbic acid (b) Retinol
(c) Calciferol (d) Tocopherol

Oxygen atom in ether is-

(i) Very active (b) Replaceable
(j) Active (d) Comparatively inert

Which of the following is a disaccharide-

(l) Lactose (b) Starch (c) Cellulose (d) Fructose

sp3 sp 2 sp sp3d 2
Hybridisation of carbon in ethane is-
(s) sp3 (b) sp 2 (c) sp (d) sp3d 2

 Number of  bonds in ehyne is-
(y) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) Four

CH3 NO2 CH3COOH

CH3CH 2 NH 2 H 2 NCH2COOH
Which is able to form Zwittre ion ?
(u) CH3 NO2 (b) CH3COOH
(c) CH3CH 2 NH 2 (d) H 2 NCH2COOH
C4H10O

How many isomeric ethers are represented by the molecular formula C4H10O .
(v) 3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 5

SOLUTION
(1) (b) (2) (b) (3) (d) (4) (b) (5) (a)
(6) (b) (7) (c) (8) (c) (9) (c) (10) (c)
(11) (a) (12) (a) (13) (c) (14) (b) (15) (b)
(16) (c) (17) (a) (18) (c) (19) (c) (20) (c)
(21) (c) (22) (b) (23) (b) (24) (a) (25) (a)
(26) (b) (27) (d) (28) (a)

Very Short Questions :– (2 marks each)

Q. What is difference between rate constant and rate of reaction ?

(1) (1)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)
 (4) (4)

Ans. Difference between rate constant and rate of reaction:–

Rate constant of a reaction Rate of a reaction
(i) It is constant (i) It is the speed of which
proportionality in the rate the reactants are
law expression. converted into products
at any moment of time.
(ii) It is constant and does not (ii) It decreases with the
depend on the progress of progress of reaction
the reaction. generally.
(iii) It refers to the rate of the (iii) It depends upon the
reaction at the specific concentration of reactant
point when concentration species at that moment of
of every reacting is unity. time.
(iv) It has different units for (iv) It has same units for all
different reactions. reactions/mole sec.

Define in short.
(a) Brownian movement (b) Half life of a reaction

t1/2

0.693
t1/ 2 
k
K=
Ans. (a) Brownian movement – The continuous zig-zag motion of colloidal particles is
called Brownian movement. It is due to continuous collisions between solvent
molecules and colloidal particles.
 (b) The time in which concentration of reactant becomes half of its original volume,
is called half-life time.
0.693
t1/ 2 
k
Where k is rate constant of first order reaction.

Q. What is osmosis ?

Ans. The flow of solvent molecules from solvent towards the solution through a semi-
permeable membrane is called osmosis.

Zn( s ) / ZnSO4  CuSO4 (aq ) | Cu( s )

Cu2 / Cu
Zn 2 / Zn 0.34 V – 0.76 V
For the cell shown below
Zn( s ) / ZnSO4  CuSO4 (aq ) | Cu( s )
Calculated standard cell potential if standard reduction electrode potentials for
Cu2 / Cu and Zn 2 / Zn are 0.34V and – 0.76V respectively.

Zn( s ) / ZnSO4  CuSO4 (aq) | Cu (s )

Zn( s)  Zn 2 (aq)  2e –
E  – 0.76 V
Zn ( s ) / Zn 2 (aq )

Cu 2  (aq)  Cu ( s)
E  0.34 V
Cu 2 / Cu
E°cell = E° – E°
= 0.34 + 0.76 = 1.1 Volt
Ans. Cell reaction
Zn( s ) / ZnSO4  CuSO4 (aq) | Cu (s )
At Anode, Oxidation
Zn( s)  Zn 2 (aq)  2e –
 E  – 0.76 V
Zn ( s ) / Zn 2 (aq )

At Cathode, Reduction
Cu 2  (aq)  Cu ( s)
E  0.34 V
Cu 2 / Cu
  
Eell  ECathode – EAnode
= 0.34 + 0.76 = 1.1 Volt

Cr 3 Cu 
Q. Write down the electronic configuration of followings.
(c) Cr 3 (b) Cu 
(a) Cr 3
Cr(24)  1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 4 s1 3d 5

Cr 3+  1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 3s 2 3 p6 3d 3
 [Ar]3d 3
(b) Cu +
Cu 29  1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 4s13d 10
Cu +  1s 2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p6 3d10
 [Ar]3d10
I.U.P.A.C.
K 2[Ni(CN)4 ] [COCl 2 (NH 3 )4 ]Cl
Q. Write the I.U.P.A.C. name of the following
(a) K 2[Ni(CN)4 ] (b) [COCl 2 (NH 3 )4 ]Cl
K 2[Ni(CN)4 ] II
[CoCl2 (NH3 ) 4 ]Cl III
Ans. (a) K 2[Ni(CN)4 ] – Potassium tetracyanonickelate (II)
(b) [CoCl2 (NH3 )4 ]Cl – Tetraamino dichlorido cobalt (III) chloride

Q. Write down the structural formula of following.

(a) 1, 4-Dibromobut-2-ene
 (b) 3-hydroxybutanol
1 2 3 4
Br – C H 2 – C H = C H – C H 2Br
OH O
| ||
C H3 – C H – C H 2 – C – H
4 3 2 1
A B
Q. From the given reactions, identify A and B.
O
||
SOCl LiAlH
CH 3 – C – OH 
2  (A) 
4  (B)

O O
|| ||
SOCl LiAlH
CH 3 – C – OH 
2  CH – C – Cl 
3
4  CH CH OH
3 2
(A) (B)

Q. What happens when–

(a) Ethyl bromide reacts with sodium ethoxide.
(b) Diethyl ether is heated with phosphorus pentachloride.
C2H5Br + C2 H5ONa  C2 H5 –O–C2 H5 + NaBr
Heat
C2H5 – O – C2 H5  PCl5 
 2C2 H5Cl + H2O

Q. Distinguish between antipyretics and antiseptics.

Ans. Antipyretics – Antipyretics are the chemicals used to bring down the body
temperature in case of high fever.
Example – Paracetamol, Phenacetin
Antiseptics – Antiseptics are the cheimicals used to check the growth of micro-
organisms.
Example – Bithional, Chloroxylenol
Q. What is the difference between homopolymer and co-polymer ? Give one
example of each.

Ans. Homopolymer – Homopolymer is that polymer in which only one monomer is used.
Example – Polythene
Co-Polymer – Co-polymer is that polymer in which more than one monomer is used.
Example – Nylon-6, 6

Long Questions :–

Q. Explain the following terms with suitable example.

(a) Schottky defect (b) Frenkel defect
(c) Interestital defect

KCl, NaCl
 lattice) lattice

AgBr, ZnS
overall composition
interstitial void

Ans. a Schottky defect – It arises when one cation and one anion are missing from the
lattice. It causes valancies at the place of ions. It is a common defect in ionic
compounds of high co-ordination number where both cations and anions are of
the same size i.e., KCl, NaCl etc. Due to this defect density of crystal decreases
and it begins to conduct electricity to a smaller extent.
(b) Frenkel defect – it arises when some of the ions of the lattice occupy
interestitial leaving lattice site vacant. This defect is generally found in ionic
crystals where anion is of much larger size than the cation viz AgBr, ZnS etc.
Due to this density does not change, electrical conducting increases to a small
extent and there is no change is overall composition of the crystal.
(c) Interstitial Defect – Atom or ions when occupy normally vacant interstitial
(voids) positions in a crystal are called interestitial defect.

Q. State Henary’s law mention some of its important applications.

Px P  KH x
P = x = KH

CO2
 anoxia
Ans. It states that the solubility of a gas in liquid in directly proportional to the pressure of
the gas.
Or, the partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase (P) is proportional to the mole
fraction of the gas (x) in the solution.
It is expressed as
P  KH x
(P = Partial pressure x = mole fraction of the gas)
Where K H = Henary’s constant
Application of Henary’s law:–
(i) To increase the solubility of CO2 in soda water and soft drinks,
the bottle is sealed under high pressure.
(ii) At high altitudes, low blood oxygen causes climbers to become
weak and make them unable to think clearly which are symptoms of a condition
known as anoxia.

SO 2 Cl 2
Q. Distinguish bleaching action of SO 2 gas and Cl 2 gas.
SO2

SO2 + 2H 2O  H 2SO 4 + 2[H]

[H] 
SO2

Cl2

Cl2  H 2O  2HCl + 2[O]

[O] 
Cl2
Ans. (i) Bleaching action of SO2 gas – SO2 gas in presence of moisture acts as a bleaching
agent due to its reducing nature.
SO2 + 2H 2O  H 2SO4 + 2[H]
Coloured matter + [H]  Colourless matter
 The bleaching is temporary. The bleached matter when exposed to air regains its
original colour due to oxidation.
(ii) Bleaching action of chlorine – In presence of moisture Cl2 gas produces nascent
oxygen that bleaches the coloured matter.
Cl2  H 2O  2HCl + 2[O]
Coloured matter + [O]  Colourless matter
The bleaching action of Cl2 gas is an oxidising action and permanent.

KOH Ag
Q. Describe the method for the preparation of chloroform in the laboratory. How
does it react with the following.
(a) Aqueous KOH (b) Acetone (c) Ag powder

Ca(OCl)Cl + H 2O  Ca(OH)2 + Cl2

O
||
CH3 – C – CH3 + 3Cl2  CCl3COCH3  3HCl
2CCl3COCH3 + Ca(OH) 2  2CHCl3 + (CH3COO)2Ca

KOH

CHCl3 + 4KOH  HCOOK + 3KCl + 2H 2O

O OH
|| |
CH 3 – C – CH 3 + CHCl3  CH3 – C – CH 3
|
CCl3

Ag powder
CHCl3  6Ag + Cl3CH  CH  CH + 6AgCl

Ans. Laboratory method for the preparation of chloroform-

Chloroform is prepared in laboratory by heating a paste of acetone, beaching powder
and water.
Ca(OCl)Cl + H 2O  Ca(OH)2 + Cl2
CH3COCH3 + 3Cl2  CCl3 .COCH 3  3HCl
2CCl3COClH3 + Ca(OH) 2  2CHCl3 + (CH 3COO) 2Ca
chloroform
(a) Chloroform on hydrolysis with hot KOH solution, gives potassium formate and
Potassium chloride
O
||
CHCl3 + 4KOH  H–C–OK + 3KCl + 2H 2O
(b) Reaction with Acetone  when acetone reacts with CHCl3 , chloretone is
obtained
O OH
|| |
CH 3 – C – CH 3 + CHCl3  CH 3 – C – CH 3
|
CCl3 chloretone
(d) Reaction with Ag poder :
Ag powder gives acetylene.
CHCl3  6Ag + Cl3CH  CH  CH + 6AgCl
 1 Set-10

CHEMSIRY- SET-10

Choose the correct answer :- (1 mark each)

(1)
6.023x10 24 6.023x10 23 6.023x10 6.023x10
Avogadro's Number is equal to
(a) 6.023x10 24 (b) 6.023x10 23 6.023x10 (d) 6.023x10

(2)
SP 2 SP3 SP SP3d
The hybridisation of 'C' in ethyne is-
(a) SP 2 (b) SP3 (c) SP (d) SP3d
(3)

Concentration of sulphide ore is done by-

(a) Calcination (b) roasting
(c) Froth floatation Process (d) None of these
(4) 20% NaoH (w/w)
5.25 6.25 0.25 10
20% NaoH (w/w) solution is given. Its molality will be-
(a) 5.25 (b) 6.25 (c) 025 (d) 10
(5)

Number of 6-bonds in prophyne is-

(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 7
(6)

Which one is the ore of iron?

(a) Bauxite (b) Haematite
(c) Dolomite (d) None of thse
(7)
Fe Fe Fe Fe
If 96500 coulomb of electricity is passed through FeSO4 solution, it will liberate-
(a) 56 gm Fe (b) 28 gm Fe (c) 96500 gm Fe (d) 965gm Fe
(8)
Cn H 2n+2 Cn H 2n-2
Cn H 2n
 2 Set-10

General formula of alkyne is-

(a) Cn H 2n+2 (b) C n H 2n-2
(c) C n H 2n (d) None of these
(9)

SC3+ T24+ Cu 2+ Z2n

Which on of the following is paramagnetic ion-
(a) SC3+ (b) T24+ (c) Cu 2+ (d) Z 2n
(10) K [A]x [B]
x y
x y
The rate of reactionis exproceced by rate = K [A] [B] The order of reaction is-
(a) (b) (c) x (d) y
(11) p
Na Cu B Mg
Which of the following is p-block element ?
(a) Na (b) Cu (c) B (d) Mg
(12)
(CH3 )2CHOH (CH3 )3C-OH
C3H 7OH (C 2 H5 )2CHOH
The isomer of diethylether is-
(a) (CH 3 )2CHOH (b) (CH3 )3C-OH
(c) C3H 7OH (d) (C2 H5 ) 2CHOH
(13)
Nacl Nacl
Which of the following does not conduct electricity?
(a) Fused Nacl (b) Solid Nacl (c) Brine solution (d) Copper
(14)

The first transition element is-

(a) Chromium (b) Scandium Nickel (d) Copper
(15)
Cn H 2n O2n+2 C x (H 2O) 2x
C x (H2O) 2x
General formula for carbohydrate is-
(a) Cn H 2n O 2n+2 (b) C x (H 2O) 2x
(c) C x (H 2O) 2x (d) None of these
(16)
 3 Set-10

Activated charcoal is used to remove colouring matter from pure substances. It works by-
(a)Oxidation (b) Reduction
(c) Bleaching (d) Adsorption
(17)

Cryolite is an ore of-

(a) Iron (b) Copper (c) Zinc (d)Aluminium
(18)

Salol can be used as-

(a) Artiseptic (b) Antipyretic
(c) Analgesic (d) None of these
(19)

The rate at which the substance reacts depends on its-

(a) Atomic weight (b) Equivalent
(c) Molecular weight (d) Active mass
(20)
SO32– CN – NH 3 H 2O
Which one is ambidentate ligand?
(a) SO32– (b) CN – (c) NH 3 (d) H 2O
(21)

Amides may be converted into aminas by reaction named after

(a) Perkin (b) Claisen (c) Hoffmann (d) Kolbe
(22)
4 4 3
r r 2r r
3 2 2
In face centred cubic unit cell, the edge lenght is-
4 4 3
(a) r (b) r (c) 2 r (d) r
3 2 2
(23) [CO(en) 2Cl 2 ]+
3 4 5 6
The co-ordination number of cobalt in [CO(en)2 Cl2 ]+ ion is-
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
 4 Set-10

(24)
CH 2FCOOH CH 2ClCOOH
CHCl2COOH CHF2 COOH
Which one is the strongest acid?
(a) CH 2FCOOH (b) CH 2ClCOOH
(c) CHCl 2COOH (d) CHF2COOH
(25)
n- n- CH 3COOH C5H5 N
CHCl3 (C 2H5 )2 O H 2O HNO3
An example of ideal solution is-
(a) n- heptane and n- hexane (b) CH3COOH and C5H5 N
(c) CHCl3 and (C 2H5 )2O (d) H 2O and HNO3
(26)
CaO CaCO3 CaSO 4 Ca(OH)2
Bleaching powder is obtained by heating chlorine with-
(a) CaO (b) CaCO3 (c) CaSO 4 (d) Ca(OH)2
(27) SP 2

NO3– SO 2–
4 NH 3 CO 2
Example of SP 2 hybridisation is-

(a) NO3– (b) SO2–

4 (c) NH 3 (d) CO 2
(28)

Which of the following is not a sulphide ore?

(a) Magnetite (b) Ironpyrites (c) Galena (d) Copper glance

SOLUTION

(1) b (2) c (3) c (4) b (5) a

(6) b (7) b (8) b (9) c (10) b

(11) c (12) c (13) b (14) b (15) c

(16) d (17) d (18) a (19) d (20) b

(21) c (22) b (23) d (24) d (25) a

(26) d (27) a (28) a

 5 Set-10

SECTION-II (Non-Objective), short answer type questions

(1) What is difference between a conductor and semiconductor?

(2) What do you mean by elevation in boiling point? show that it is a colligative property?

(3) What is salt bridge? what are its uses?

(4) Prove that the halflife period of first order reaction is independent of initial concentration.

(5) Calculate the molarity of pure water.

(d=1 gm/mL)
d=
(6) Write structurec of the following compounds:-
(a) 2- Methyl butan-2-0l
(b) But-2-ene-1,4-dioic acid

Define Gangue, Flux slag with examples.

Write IUPAC names of following compounds-

O CH3

(a) CH3- CH - CH - CH3 (b) CH3- C - CH = C - CH3

CH3 Br

IUPAC
O CH3

CH3- CH - CH - CH3 (b) CH3- C - CH = C - CH3

CH3 Br
(9) HI is stronger than HF in acidic strenght why?
HF HI
What are lyophilic and lyophobic sols? Give one example of each type.

Give IUPAC name of following compounds-

(a) K 4 (Fe(CN)6 ] (b) [Cr(H 2O)6 ]Cl3
IUPAC
K 4 (Fe(CN)6 ] [Cr(H 2O)6 ]Cl3
 6 Set-10
(1) Conductor:- The solids with conductivities raning from 104 to 107 ohm-1 m-1 are called con-
ductors.
Examples are:- Cu, Fe, Ag etc.
Semiconductor:- These are the solids with conductivities in the intermediate range from 10-6 to
104 ohm-1 m-1.
Examples are:- Ge, si etc.
(2) Elevation in boiling point of solution:-
When a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, the boiling point of solution increases
in comparision of pure solvent. The increase in boiling point of solution is called elevation in
boiling point.
Suppose, B.P. of Pure solvent = To
B.P. of solution = T
 Elevation in b.p. = ΔTb =T-To
The elevation of boiling point is directly proportional to the molal con-
centration of the solut in the solution.

Or, ΔTb =k b -m where kb= Molal elevation constant.

or, ΔTb =k b -m where n= moles of solute

w
w= wt. of solvent in graw
Thus, elevation of b.p. depends upon the number of moles of soiute, so, it is colligative prop-
erty.
(3) Salt bridge:- Salt bridge is inverted U type glass tube containing the saturated solution of KCl
or K NO3 in agar-agar. It connects the two solutions.
Uses:-
(i) It completes the cell circuit.
(ii) It prevents the two solutions to mix with each other.
(iii) It is minimising the liquid junction potential.
(4) The mathematical expression for the rate constant of first order reaction is-
2.303 a
K= log
t a-x
where a = Initial concentration
a-x = concentration after time (t)
when, t = t½ (half life period)
a - x = a/2
2.303 a
 k= log
t½ a/2
2.303 2
or, t½ = log
K

=
K

t½ 0.693
=
K
 7 Set-10
(5) Molarity is the number of moles of solute dissolved in one litre of solution.
Volume of pure water takes = 1 L
= 1000 mL
since,d= 1 gm/mL
 Weight of pure water = 1000 gm
1000
 Number of moles of pure water = 18
= 55.56
Thus, 1 L of pure water contains 55.56 moles of it.
 Molarity = 55.56 M
(6) (a) 2 - Methyl butan-2-0l
CH3

CH3- C - CH2 - CH3

OH

(b) But-2-ene-1,4- dioic and

O O

HO- C - CH = CH-C-OH
(7) Gangue :- The impurities present in the ore at the time of extraction of metal, are called gangues.
Ex. CaCO3, SiO2 etc.
Flux : The foreign substance which is added to the ore to remove gangues, is called flux.
Ex. CaO1 SiO2 etc.
Slag: The light fusible substance which is made my the combination of gangue and flux, is called
slag.

Gangue Flux slag

(8) (a) 2- Bromo 3- methyl butane
(b) 4- methyl but 3-eh 2- one
(9) In HI, iodine is less electronegative and it has large size. Therefore, bonding between hydrogen
and iodide is weaker. It will easily split in comparision of HF. Due to more liberation of H+ions,
HI is stronger acid.
(10) Lyophilic sols:-
Those colloidal sols which are attracted towards solvent, are called lyophilic sols.
These sols are called reversible sols. They are quite stable and can not be easily coagulated.
Ex. Gelatine
Lyophobic sols:- Those colloidal sols which are not easily attracted towards solvent, are called
lyophobic sols. These sols are called irreversible sols. These sols are not stable and can be
easily coagulated.
Ex. Metal sulphide
(11) (a) Potassium hexacyano ferrate (II) ion
(b) Hexa aqua chromium (III) chloride
 8 Set-10

Cu, Fe, Ag

Ge, Si

To
T
T-T0 =ΔTb

ΔTb =K b . m Kb

ΔTb =K b .
w
n=
w=

U kcl KNO

2.303 a
K log
t ax
a
( a  x)  ' t '
a
t  t1/ 2 ( a  x) 
2
2.303 a /a /
 K log 2

t½
 9 Set-10

2.303
t½  log 2
k
2.303  0.301

k
0.693
or, t½ 
k

gm d = 1 gm/
1000
  55.56
18

 M
CH3 O O

CH3- C - CH2 - CH3 HO- C - CH = CH-C-OH

OH

CacO 3 , SiO 2

CaO, SiO 2

CaO + SiO2  Casio3

HI
H+ HF

HI
 10 Set-10

ii
iii
 11 Set-10

LONGANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Ques- (1) (a) What do yo mean by first order reaction?
(b) Find out the mathematical expression of rate constant of first
order reaction.

Ques- (2) (a) What is the effect of dilution on specific conductivity and molar
conductivity?
(b) How many grams of H2 and O2 are produced during electolysis
of water by passing 130 ampere current for 5 hours.

H2
O2
Ques- (3) Explain:-
(a) Etyhye is more acidic than ethane.
(b) Ethylamine is more basic than aniliue.
Phenol is acidic in nature.

Ques- (4) How will you convert the following:-

(a) Ethylamine from ethyl alcohol.
(b) Aniline from ben zene
Methyl alcohol from methane.

Ques- (5) Name the ores of copper. How is copper extracted from its ore?
 12 Set-10

ANSWER
(1) (a) First order reaction:-
Those reactions inwhich the concenteation of only are reactant molecule
changes, are called first order reactions.
Ex.

2
(b ) Consider a first order reaction as-

Initrial conc a o
After time t,
conc a-x x
According to law of mass action,
dx
dt
dx
or,
Integrating equation (1) in both sides,
we get,

or,
Where I = Integration constant
When t = O, (a - x) = a
Thus, -ln a = I
Putting the value of 'I' in equation (2), we get-

or,
a a
or, or, kt = 2.303 log

t a-x
This is mathematical expression of rate constant of first order reaction.
(2) (a) Effect of dilution on specific condutiving
The conductivity of ions present in I c.c. of solution is called specific
conductivity. Due to dilution, the volume of solution increases and there is increase in the
number of ions. But number of ions per c.c. of solution decreases. This is the reason that
specific conductivity of solution decreases on dilution.
Effect of dilution on molar conductivity
The molar conductivity of solution increases upon dilution. Upon dilution, the
volume of the solution increases.
Molar conductivity = SP. conductivity X
 13 Set-10
Volume of solution in C.C. containing one
mole of solute.
Certainly, SP. conductance of solution decreases upon dilution but when this sp.
conductance is multiplied by volume of solution, overall conductivity value increases.
(b) Current = I = 1.30 amp.
Time = t = 5 x 3600 sec.
Q=Ixt

Faraday
96500

Weight of O2 Produced = 0.242 x 16 gm

= 3.87 gm
(3) (a) In ethyne, carbon is sp hybridised. The percentage 's' character is 50% which resides
near the nucleus. Thus electrons are attracted by nucleus to release H+ions. Hence, it is acidic.
But in ethance, carbon is SP3 hybridised. so, the percentage 's' character is 25%. So,
electrons are not comparatively attracted release more H+ions. Hence, ethyne is more acidic
than ethance.
(b) Ethylamine is more basic than aniline. In ethylamine, ethyl is electron donating group.
So, more electrons are available aroudn nitrogen for donation.
But in aniline, phenyl group is electron attracting group. Lone pair of electron on nitrogen
is involved in deloealisation.
This is the reason that ethyl amine is more basic than aniline.
(c) Phenol is acidic in nature because after release of H+ion, phenoxide ion is obtained which
is resonance stabilized.

O-H O

+ H+
Phenoxide ion
O O O O O

(4) (a) Ethyamine from ethylalcohol

Zncl2
C2 H5OH+NH3 C 2 H5 NH 2 +H 2 O
3000c
 14 Set-10
(b) Aniline from behzeno

NO2 NH2
Sr/HCl
concHNO 3+ConH2SO4
Reduction
(c) Methyl alcohol from methane
+Cl2 aqKOH
CH4 CH3Cl CH3OH
hv
(5) Following are the important ores of copper:-
(i) Copper Pyrites CuFes2
(ii) Cuprite Cu2O
(iii) Copper glance Cu2S
Extraction:- Copper is mainly extracted by copper pyrite ore. It is concentrated by froth
floatation process.
The concentrated ore is heated in a reverberatory furnace after mixing with
silica. In the furnace, iron oxide forus slag as iron silicate with flux (sio2) and copper is prodkced
in the form of copper matte.
Copper matte is then charged into silica lined converter. Some silica is added
an hot air blast is blown- Following reactions take place-
2 Fes + 302 2 FeO + 250 2

Feo + Sio Fesio (slag)

2 3

2 Cu S + 30 2 Cu O + 250
2 2 2 2

2 Cu O + Cu S 6 Cu + SO
2 2 2

The solidified copper obtained has blistered appearance due to evolution of

SO .So, it is called blister copper.

PCl5 (g)  PCl3 (g)+Cl 2 (g)

1
N 2O5 (g)  2NO 2 (g)+ O2 (g)
2

A Products
a o
't' a-x x

dx
 K (a  x)
dt
 15 Set-10

dx
or,  Kdt (1)
ax

 dx 
  k  dt
a  x 
or, n( a  x _  kt  I (2)
I
When t = o, (a-x) = a
n a = I
I
 n( a  x )  kt  na
kt  n a  n (a  x )
a
 n
ax
a
kt  2.303log
ax
2.303 a
k log
t ax

I
t x
 Q=I  t
 1.30  5  3600
= 1.30 × 5×3600
 16 Set-10

F
= 0.242 × 1.008 gm
= 0.24 gm
= 0.242×16 gm
= 3.87
SP 'S'
H+

SP3 'S'
H+

H+

O-H O

+ H+

O O O O O

Ethylamine from ethylalcohol

NO2 NH2
Sr/HCl
HNO3+ H2SO4
 17 Set-10

CuFes2
Cu O
Cu S

SiO

2 Fes + 302 2 FeO + 250 2

Feo + Sio2
Fesio (slag) 3

2 Cu S + 30 2 Cu O + 250
2 2 2 2

2 Cu O + Cu S 6 Cu + SO
2 2 2

SO2