Physics: Principle and Applications, 7e (Giancoli)

Chapter 9 Static Equilibrium; Elasticity and Fracture

9.1 Conceptual Questions

1) If the sum of the external forces on an object is zero, then the sum of the external torques on it
must also be zero.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Var: 1

2) If the sum of the external torques on an object is zero, then the sum of the external forces on it
must also be zero.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Var: 1

3) If the sum of both the external torques and the external forces on an object is zero, then the
object must be at rest.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Var: 1

4) If an object remains at rest, then the sum of both the external torques and the external forces
on the object must be zero.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Var: 1

5) When a car is weighed, it is driven slowly on a horizontal floor over a scale that records a
reading as the front wheels go over the scale, and then records a second reading as the rear
wheels go over the scale. The weight of the car is equal to
A) the weight under the front wheels.
B) the weight under the rear wheels.
C) the average of the two weights.
D) the sum of the two weights.
E) the difference of the two weights.
Answer: D
Var: 1

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6) A croquet mallet balances when suspended from its center of mass, as shown in the left part of
the figure. If you cut the mallet into two pieces at its center of mass, as shown in the right part of
the figure, how do the masses of the two pieces compare? (There could be more than one correct
choice.)

A) The masses are equal.

B) The piece with the head of the mallet has the greater mass.
C) The piece with the head of the mallet has the smaller mass.
D) It is impossible to tell.
Answer: B, D
Var: 1

7) Tensile stress is
A) the strain per unit length.
B) the same as force.
C) the ratio of the change in length.
D) applied force per cross-sectional area.
Answer: D
Var: 1

8) Tensile strain is
A) the ratio of the change in length to the original length.
B) the stress per unit area.
C) the applied force per unit area.
D) the ratio of stress to elastic modulus.
Answer: A
Var: 1

9) Which one of the following is an accurate statement?

A) The ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain is called Young's modulus.
B) "Strain" has a meaning very close to "force."
C) "Stress" has a meaning very close to "stretch."
D) Tensile stress is measured in newtons.
E) Tensile strain is measured in meters.
Answer: A
Var: 1

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10) The graph in the figure shows the tensile stress as a function of the tensile strain in a certain
wire. What does the slope of this graph give us for this wire?

A) the pressure in the wire

B) Young's modulus for the material of the wire
C) the tensile stress in the wire
D) the tension in the wire
E) the percent change in the length of the wire
Answer: B
Var: 1

11) A large 75-kg lighting fixture can be hung from wires of identical size and shape made of
aluminum, brass, or copper. The values of Young's modulus for these metals are 0.70 × 1011 Pa
(aluminum), 0.91 × 1011 (brass), and 1.1 × 1011 (copper). Which wire would stretch the least
distance?
A) aluminum
B) brass
C) copper
D) They will all stretch the same distance.
Answer: C
Var: 1

12) A 25-kg piece of equipment can be hung by steel wires of length 1.00 m, 2.00 m, or 3.00 m.
If all the wires have the same diameter, which one will stretch the greatest distance?
A) the 1.00-m wire
B) the 2.00-m wire
C) the 3.00-m wire
D) They will all stretch by the same distance.
Answer: C
Var: 1

13) A 25-kg piece of equipment can be hung by steel wires of length 1.00 m, 2.00 m, or 3.00 m.
If all the wires have the same diameter, which one will stretch the greatest percent?
A) the 1.00-m wire
B) the 2.00-m wire
C) the 3.00-m wire
D) They will all stretch by the same percent.
Answer: D
Var: 1

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14) Two wires are made out of the same metal, but one wire is twice as long as the other wire.
Which wire will have the greatest elastic modulus?
A) the shorter wire
B) the longer wire
C) It will be the same for both wires.
Answer: C
Var: 1

15) Which of the following are SI units of Young's modulus? (There could be more than one
correct choice.)
A) N/m ∙ s2
B) kg/m2
C) kg ∙ m/s2
D) kg/m ∙ s2
E) kg ∙ m2/s2
Answer: D
Var: 1

16) Two solid spheres are made from the same material, but one has twice the diameter of the
other. Which sphere will have the greater bulk modulus?
A) the larger one
B) the smaller one
C) It will be the same for both spheres.
Answer: C
Var: 1

17) Which one of the following would be expected to have the smallest bulk modulus?
A) liquid mercury
B) liquid water
C) helium vapor
D) solid iron
E) solid uranium
Answer: C
Var: 1

18) A piece of iron sinks to the bottom of a lake where the pressure is 21 times what it is at the
surface of the lake. Which statement best describes what happens to the volume of that piece of
iron?
A) There has been no change in the volume of the iron.
B) Its volume decreases slightly.
C) Its volume increases slightly.
D) Its volume becomes 21 times greater than at the surface.
E) Its volume becomes 1/21 what it was at the surface.
Answer: B
Var: 1

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19) A piece of iron sinks to the bottom of a lake where the pressure is 21 times what it is at the
surface. Which statement best describes what happens to the density of that piece of iron?
A) There has been no change in the density of the iron.
B) Its density decreases slightly.
C) Its density increases slightly.
D) Its density becomes 21 times greater than what it was at the surface.
E) Its density becomes 1/21 what it was at the surface.
Answer: C
Var: 1

20) Two blocks are made of the same material, but one has twice the volume of the other block.
Which block will have the greater shear modulus?
A) It will be the same for both of them.
B) the larger one
C) the smaller one
Answer: A
Var: 1

21) As one stretches a metal wire, which condition is reached first?

A) the elastic limit
B) the breaking point
C) the proportional limit
Answer: C
Var: 1

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9.2 Problems

1) A 15-kg child is sitting on a playground teeter-totter, 1.5 m from the pivot. What is the
magnitude of the minimum force, applied 0.30 m on the other side of the pivot, that is needed to
make the child lift off the ground?
A) 75 N
B) 740 N
C) 23 N
D) 44 N
E) 66 N
Answer: B
Var: 1

2) A 15-kg child is sitting on a playground teeter-totter, 1.5 m from the pivot. What is the
minimum distance, on the other side of the pivot, such that a 220-N force will make the child lift
off the ground?
A) 1.0 m
B) 1.5 m
C) 0.10 m
D) 9.8 m
E) 2.4 m
Answer: A
Var: 1

3) An 82-kg painter stands on a long horizontal board 1.55 m from one end. This 27-kg board is
uniform, 5.5 m long, and supported at each end by vertical posts.
(a) What is the magnitude of the total force provided by both posts?
(b) With what force does the post that is closest to the painter push upward on the board?
Answer: (a) 1100 N (b) 710 N
Var: 1

4) An 82-kg diver stands at the edge of a light 5.0-m diving board, which is supported by two
vertical pillars that are 1.6 m apart, as shown in the figure. Find the magnitude and direction of
the force exerted by each pillar.

Answer: A: 1.7 kN downward, B: 2.5 kN upward

Var: 1

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5) An irregularly shaped object that is 10 m long is placed with each end on a scale. If the scale
on the right reads while the scale on the left reads how far from the left end is the
center of gravity of this object?
A) 5.7 m
B) 7.4 m
C) 4.3 m
D) 14 m
Answer: A
Var: 50+

6) A uniform 1200-N piece of medical apparatus that is 3.5 m long is suspended horizontally by
two vertical wires at its ends. A small but dense 550-N weight is placed on the apparatus 2.0 m
from one end, as shown in the figure. What are the tensions, A and B, in the two wires?

A) A = 880 N, B = 880 N
B) A = 840 N, B = 910 N
C) A = 9000 N, B = 8200 N
D) A = 910 N, B = 840 N
E) A = 8200 N, B = 9000 N
Answer: D
Var: 1

7) A meter stick balances at the 50.0-cm mark. If a mass of 50.0 g is placed at the 90.0-cm mark,
the stick balances at the 61.3-cm mark. What is the mass of the meter stick?
A) 127 g
B) 178 g
C) 89.7 g
D) 32.6 g
E) 73.4 g
Answer: A
Var: 1

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8) As shown in the figure, a uniform rectangular crate 0.40 m wide and 1.0 m tall sits on a
horizontal surface. The crate weighs 460 N, and its center of gravity is at its geometric center. A
horizontal force of magnitude F is applied at a distance h above the floor. Friction at the floor is
great enough to prevent the crate from sliding. If what minimum value of F is required
to make the crate start to tip over?

Answer: 133 N
Var: 50+

9) As shown in the figure, a 10.0 m long bar is attached by a frictionless hinge to a wall and held
horizontal by a light rope that makes an angle θ = 49° with the bar. The bar is uniform and
weighs What distance x from the hinge should a 10.0 kg mass be suspended for the
tension in the rope to be 177 N?

Answer: 10 m
Var: 50+

10) A uniform ladder 12 meters long rests against a vertical frictionless wall, as shown in the
figure. The ladder weighs 400 N and makes an angle θ = 51° with the floor. A man weighing
874 N climbs slowly up the ladder. When he is 78 m from the bottom of the ladder, it just starts
to slip. What is the coefficient of static friction between the floor and the ladder?

Answer: 0.49
Var: 50+

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11) A child is trying to stack two uniform bricks, each 24 cm long, so they will protrude as far as
possible over the edge of a table without tipping over, as shown in the figure. What is the
maximum possible overhang distance d?

A) 10 cm
B) 12 cm
C) 14 cm
D) 16 cm
E) 18 cm
Answer: E
Var: 1

12) A uniform 40-N board supports two children weighing 500 N and 350 N. If the support is at
the center of the board and the 500-N child is 1.5 m from its center, how far is the 350-N child
from the center?
A) 1.1 m
B) 1.5 m
C) 2.1 m
D) 2.7 m
Answer: C
Var: 1

13) To determine the location of the center of mass (or center of gravity) of a car, the car is
driven over a scale on a horizontal floor. When the front wheels are over the scale, the weight
recorded by the scale is 5800 N, and when the rear wheels are over the scale, the scale reads
6500 N. The distance between the front and rear wheels is measured to be 3.20 m. How far
behind the front wheels is the center of mass located?
A) 0.845 m
B) 1.50 m
C) 1.59 m
D) 1.69 m
E) 1.72 m
Answer: D
Var: 1

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14) A 120-kg refrigerator that is 2.0 m tall and 85 cm wide has its center of mass at its
geometrical center. You are attempting to slide it along the floor by pushing horizontally on the
side of the refrigerator. The coefficient of static friction between the floor and the refrigerator is
0.30. Depending on where you push, the refrigerator may start to tip over before it starts to slide
along the floor. What is the highest distance above the floor that you can push the refrigerator so
that it will not tip before it begins to slide?
A) 0.71 m
B) 1.0 m
C) 1.2 m
D) 1.4 m
E) 1.6 m
Answer: D
Var: 1

15) A uniform rod weighs 40 N and is 1.0 m long. It is hinged to a wall at the left end, and held
in a horizontal position at the right end by a vertical string of negligible weight, as shown in the
figure. What is the magnitude of the torque due to the string about a horizontal axis that passes
through the hinge and is perpendicular to the rod? The hinge is very small with negligible
friction.

A) 40 N ∙ m
B) 10 N ∙ m
C) 5.0 N ∙ m
D) 20 N ∙ m
E) 30 N ∙ m
Answer: D
Var: 1

16) A 10-m uniform beam weighing 100 N is supported by two vertical ropes at its ends. If a
400-N person sits at a point 2.0 m from the left end of the beam, what is the tension in each
rope?
Answer: 370 N (left rope), 130 N (right rope)
Var: 1

17) A light board that is 10 m long is supported by two sawhorses, one at one end of the board
and a second at the midpoint. A 40-N weight is placed between the two sawhorses, 3.0 m from
the end and 2.0 m from the center. What magnitude forces do the sawhorses exert on the board?
Answer: 16 N at the end, 24 N at the midpoint
Var: 1

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18) A light board that is 10 m long is supported by two sawhorses, one at one end of the board
and a second at the midpoint. A 40-N object is placed between the two sawhorses, 3.0 m from the
end and 2.0 m from the center. A second object, with a weight of 15 N, is placed on the supported
end. What magnitude forces do the sawhorses exert on the board?
Answer: 1.0 N at the end, 54 N at the midpoint
Var: 1

19) The mobile shown in the figure is perfectly balanced, and the horizontal supports have
insignificant masses. What must be the masses of the suspended objects m1, m2, and m3 to
maintain balance?

Answer: m1 = 1 g, m2 = 2 g, and m3 = 4 g
Var: 1

20) A mobile is shown in the figure. The horizontal supports have negligible mass. Assume that
all the numbers given in the figure are accurate to two significant figures. What mass M is
required to balance the mobile?

A) 18 g
B) 30 g
C) 36 g
D) 60 g
E) 90 g
Answer: C
Var: 1

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21) An athlete holds a 7.5-kg shot put in his hand with his lower arm horizontal, as shown in the
figure. His lower arm has a mass of 2.8 kg and its center of gravity (or center of mass) is 12 cm
from the elbow-joint pivot. How much force must the extensor muscle (which is M in the
figure) in the upper arm exert on the lower arm?

A) 100 N
B) 500 N
C) 1000 N
D) 1500 N
Answer: C
Var: 1

22) A store's sign has a mass of 20 kg and is 3.0 m long. It is uniform, so its center of gravity is at
the center of the sign. It is supported horizontally by a small loose bolt attached to the wall at one
end and by a wire at the other end, as shown in the figure. What is the tension in the wire?

A) 460 N
B) 230 N
C) 120 N
D) 200 N
E) 300 N
Answer: B
Var: 1

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23) A store's sign has a mass of 20 kg and is 3.0 m long. It is uniform, so its center of gravity is at
the center of the sign. It is supported horizontally by a small loose bolt attached to the wall at one
end and by a wire at the other end, as shown in the figure. What is the magnitude of the net force
that the bolt exerts on the sign?

A) 460 N
B) 230 N
C) 200 N
D) 120 N
E) 300 N
Answer: B
Var: 1

24) A 40-kg uniform ladder that is 5.0 m long is placed against a smooth wall at a height of h =
4.0 m, as shown in the figure. The base of the ladder rests on a rough horizontal surface whose
coefficient of static friction with the ladder is 0.40. An 80-kg bucket is suspended from the top
rung of the ladder, just at the wall. What is the magnitude of the force that the ladder exerts on
the wall?

A) 740 N
B) 1300 N
C) 980 N
D) 900 N
E) 1100 N
Answer: A
Var: 50+

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25) A 100-kg nonuniform boom that is 6.0 m long is loosely pinned at the pivot at P. A 600-kg
concrete block is suspended from the end of the boom at A, as shown in the figure. The boom
forms a 30° angle above the horizontal, and is supported by a 4.0-m cable between points D and
B. Point B is 4.0 m from P, and point D is 4.0 m above P. The center of mass of the boom is at
point C, which is 2.0 m from P. Assume that all the quantities shown in the figure are accurate to
two significant figures. What is the tension in the cable connected between points B and D?

A) 9300 N
B) 8400 N
C) 8100 N
D) 7500 N
E) 6900 N
Answer: A
Var: 7

26) In the figure, a uniform ladder of weight 200 N and length 10 m leans against a perfectly
smooth wall. A firefighter of weight 600 N climbs a distance x up the ladder. The coefficient of
static friction between the ladder and the floor is 0.50. What is the maximum value of x for
which the ladder will not slip?

A) 3.9 m
B) 5.0 m
C) 6.0 m
D) 6.3 m
E) 8.4 m
Answer: D
Var: 1

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27) A 3.00-m-long ladder, weighing 200 N, leans against a smooth vertical wall with its base on
a horizontal rough floor, a distance of 1.00 m away from the wall. The ladder is not completely
uniform, so its center of gravity is 1.20 m from its base. What force of friction must the floor
exert on the base of the ladder to prevent the ladder from sliding down?
A) 93.3 N
B) 130 N
C) 28.3 N
D) 102 N
E) 150 N
Answer: C
Var: 5

28) A 5.00-m-long uniform ladder, weighing 200 N, rests against a smooth vertical wall with its
base on a horizontal rough floor, a distance of 1.20 m away from the wall. The coefficient of
static friction between the ladder and the floor is 0.200. How far up the ladder, measured along
the ladder, can a 600-N person climb before the ladder begins to slip?
A) 1.50 m
B) 1.26 m
C) 1.05 m
D) 3.95 m
E) 4.56 m
Answer: E
Var: 5

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29) A stepladder consists of two halves that are hinged at the top and connected by a tie rod
which keeps the two halves from spreading apart. In this particular instance, the two halves are
2.5 m long, the tie rod is connected to the center of each half and is 70 cm long. An 800-N person
stands 3/5 of the way up the stepladder, as shown in the figure. The ladder is light enough that
we can neglect its weight, and it rests on an extremely smooth floor. What is the tension in the tie
rod? (Note: To solve this problem, it is helpful to imagine cutting the ladder in half vertically and
consider the forces and torques acting on each half of the ladder.)

A) 140 N
B) 240 N
C) 280 N
D) 360 N
E) 560 N
Answer: A
Var: 1

30) A 320-g ball and a 400-g ball are attached to the two ends of a string that goes over a pulley
with a radius of 8.7 cm. Because of friction in its axle, the pulley does not begin to rotate. What
is the magnitude of the frictional torque at the axle of the pulley if the system remains at rest
when the balls are released?
A) 0.068 N ∙ m
B) 0.61 N ∙ m
C) 0.079 N ∙ m
D) 0.063 N ∙ m
E) 0.00070 N ∙ m
Answer: A
Var: 1

31) A 50-kg bucket of concrete is suspended from a steel wire that is 1.0 mm in diameter 1.0 mm
and 11.2 m long. What distance will the wire stretch? Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 x 1011 Pa.
Answer: 35 mm
Var: 1

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32) A 7.0-kg pipe is hung from a steel wire that is 2.5 m long and has a diameter of 0.75 mm.
Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 1011 N/m2.
(a) By what distance does the wire stretch?
(b) If the wire diameter were doubled, what would be the stretch?
Answer: (a) 1.9 mm (b) 0.49 mm
Var: 1

33) A steel wire, 3.2 m long, has a diameter of 1.2 mm. The wire stretches 1.6 mm when it bears
a load. Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 1011 Pa. The mass of the load is closest to
A) 12 kg.
B) 16 kg.
C) 20 kg.
D) 24 kg.
E) 28 kg.
Answer: A
Var: 1

34) An aluminum wire and a steel wire, each of length 2.0 m, are hung from the ceiling. A 5.0-kg
mass is suspended from the lower end of each wire. The aluminum wire has a diameter of 2.2
mm. What must be the diameter of the steel wire if it is to stretch the same distance as the
aluminum wire, so that the two wires maintain equal lengths after the masses are attached?
Young's modulus for aluminum is 0.70 × 1011 Pa and for steel it is 2.0 × 1011 Pa.
Answer: 1.3 mm
Var: 1

35) When a 125-kg piece of equipment is hung from a steel wire of diameter 6.00 mm, it
stretches the wire by 4.00 mm. If instead the wire had a diameter of 3.00 mm, but all else were
the same, by what distance would the same equipment stretch the wire?
A) 16.0 mm
B) 8.00 mm
C) 4.00 mm
D) 2.00 mm
E) 1.00 mm
Answer: A
Var: 1

36) When a 125-kg piece of equipment is hung from a steel wire of length 75 cm, it stretches the
wire by 4.00 mm. If instead the wire had a length of 150 cm, but all else were the same, by what
distance would the same equipment stretch the wire?
A) 16.0 mm
B) 8.00 mm
C) 4.00 mm
D) 2.00 mm
E) 1.00 mm
Answer: B
Var: 1

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37) A cable is 100-m long and has a cross-sectional area of 1.0 mm2. A 1000-N force is applied
to stretch the cable. Young's modulus for the cable is 1.0 × 1011 N/m2. How far does the cable
stretch?
A) 0.010 m
B) 0.10 m
C) 1.0 m
D) 10 m
Answer: C
Var: 1

38) A solid steel column is 4.0 m long and 0.20 m in diameter. Young's modulus for this steel is
2.0 × 1011 N/m2. By what distance does the column shrink when a 5000-kg truck is supported
by it?
A) 8.0 × 10-7 m
B) 3.2 × 10-6 m
C) 7.8 × 10-6 m
D) 3.1 × 10-5 m
Answer: D
Var: 1

39) A wire of diameter 0.20 mm stretches by 0.20% when a 6.28-N force is applied to it. What is
Young's modulus for this wire?
A) 2.5 × 1010 Pa
B) 1.0 × 1011 Pa
C) 2.5 × 1012 Pa
D) 1.0 ×1012 Pa
Answer: B
Var: 1

40) A 50-kg load is suspended from a steel wire of diameter 1.0 mm and length 11.2 m. By what
distance will the wire stretch? Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 1011 Pa.
A) 1.5 cm
B) 2.5 cm
C) 3.5 cm
D) 4.5 cm
Answer: C
Var: 1

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41) A bridge piling has a cross-sectional area of 1.250 m2 and supports a load of 1875 N. What
is the stress on the column?
A) 1875 N
B) 1875 N/m2
C) 1500 N/m2
D) 2344 N/m2
Answer: C
Var: 1

42) An aluminum wire 2.0 m long and 2.0 mm in diameter supports a 10.0-kg fixture. What is
the stress in the wire? Young's modulus for aluminum is 7.0 × 1010 N/m2.
A) 3.1 × 107 N/m2
B) 6.2 × 107 N/m2
C) 9.3 × 107 N/m2
D) 1.2 × 108 N/m2
Answer: A
Var: 3

43) A brass wire 2.0 m long and 2.0 mm in diameter supports a 10.0-kg fixture. By what
distance did this fixture stretch the wire? Young's modulus for brass is 10 × 1010 N/m2.
A) 0.11 mm
B) 0.22 mm
C) 0.33 mm
D) 0.62 mm
Answer: D
Var: 6

44) A vertical 30-cm steel rod, 1.0 cm in diameter, supports a 300-kg mass. What is the change in
length of the rod caused by this mass? Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 1011 N/m2.
A) 5.6 × 10-5 m
B) 6.5 × 10-5 m
C) 5.6 × 10-6 m
D) 6.5 × 10-6 m
E) 6.5 × 10-4 m
Answer: A
Var: 1

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45) A 50-kg air conditioner is placed on top of a concrete pad that is 20 cm thick and has a cross-
sectional area of 3.0 m2. What is the change in thickness of the pad caused by the air
conditioner? Young's modulus for concrete is 2.3 × 1010 N/m2.
A) 1.4 × 10-9 m
B) 2.8 × 10-9 m
C) 1.4 × 10-8 m
D) 1.4 × 10-7 m
E) 2.8 × 10-8 m
Answer: A
Var: 1

46) A 1200-kg car is being raised at a constant speed if 25 cm/s by a crane, using a 20-m long
steel cable that is 1.5 cm in diameter. Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 1011 Pa. What is the
change in length of the cable caused by the car?
A) 6.7 mm
B) 6.7 cm
C) 3.3 mm
D) 3.3 cm
E) 3.3 m
Answer: A
Var: 1

47) A 1200-kg car is being raised with a constant acceleration of 2.53 m/s2 by a crane, using a
20-m long steel cable that is 1.5 cm in diameter. Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 1011 N/m2.
What is the change in length of the cable caused by lifting the car?
A) 8.4 mm
B) 8.4 cm
C) 4.9 mm
D) 4.9 cm
E) 4.9 m
Answer: A
Var: 1

48) A piano wire has a radius of 0.50 mm. One end is fixed and the other is wrapped around a
tuning peg, which has a diameter of 3.5 mm and is 80 cm away. After the wire just becomes taut,
the peg is given three full turns. What is the tension in the wire? Young's modulus for steel is 2.0
× 1011 N/m2.
A) 3.8 kN
B) 4.3 kN
C) 6.5 kN
D) 8.7 kN
E) 9.8 kN
Answer: C
Var: 1

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49) A wire that is 1.0 mm in diameter and 3.5 m long stretches 3.5 mm when an 8.0-kg tool is
hung from it.
(a) What is Young's modulus for the material from this wire is made?
(b) What is the effective spring constant for the stretching wire?
Answer: (a) 1.0 × 1011 Pa (b) 2.2 × 104 N/m
Var: 1

50) When the pressure applied to an unknown liquid is increased from 1.0 × 107 Pa to 5.5 × 107
Pa, the volume of the liquid decreases by 0.70%. Calculate the bulk modulus of the liquid.
Answer: 6.4 × 109 Pa
Var: 1

51) A 12-L volume of oil is subjected to pressure which produces a volume strain of -3.0 × 10-4.
The bulk modulus of the oil is 6.0 × 109 Pa and is independent of the pressure. The reduction in
the volume of the oil in milliliters is closest to
A) 2.0 mL.
B) 2.4 mL.
C) 2.8 mL.
D) 3.2 mL.
E) 3.6 mL.
Answer: E
Var: 1

52) A 12-L volume of oil is subjected to pressure which produces a volume strain of -3.0 × 10-4.
The bulk modulus of the oil is 6.0 × 109 Pa and is independent of the pressure. The change in the
pressure of the oil in megapascals is closest to
A) 1.2 MPa.
B) 1.4 MPa.
C) 1.6 MPa.
D) 1.8 MPa.
E) 2.0 MPa.
Answer: D
Var: 1

53) A 5000-N force compresses a steel block by 0.0025 cm. How much force, applied over the
same area, would be needed to compress the block by 0.0125 cm?
A) 1,000 N
B) 2,500 N
C) 5,000 N
D) 25,000 N
Answer: D
Var: 1

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54) At a depth of 1030 m in Lake Baikal (a fresh water lake in Siberia), the pressure has
increased by 100 atmospheres (to about 107 N/m2). By what volume has 1.0 m3 of water from
the surface of the lake been compressed if it is forced down to this depth? The bulk modulus of
water is 2.3 × 109 Pa.
A) 2.3 × 10-3 m3
B) 3.3 × 10-3 m3
C) 4.3 × 10-3 m3
D) 5.3 × 10-3 m3
Answer: C
Var: 1

55) A copper sphere that is 10 cm in diameter at an atmospheric pressure of 1.01 × 105 N/m2 is
put into a chamber where the pressure is 1.0 × 106 N/m2. What is the change in the diameter of
the sphere caused by this change in pressure? The bulk modulus for copper is 1.4 × 1011 Pa.
A) -2.1 × 10-4 cm
B) -2.1 × 10-5 cm
C) -7.1 × 10-4 cm
D) -7.1 × 10-5 cm
E) -7.1 × 10-6 cm
Answer: B
Var: 1

56) The base of a metal block, which is fixed in place, measures 90 cm by 90 cm, and the height
of the block is 60 cm. A force, applied to the upper face and parallel to it, produces a shear strain
of 0.0060. The shear modulus of this metal is 3.0 × 1010 Pa. The displacement of the upper face,
in the direction of the applied force is closest to
A) 3.0 mm.
B) 3.6 mm.
C) 4.2 mm.
D) 4.8 mm.
E) 5.4 mm.
Answer: B
Var: 1

57) The base of a metal block, which is fixed in place, measures 90 cm by 90 cm, and the height
of the block is 60 cm. A force, applied to the upper face and parallel to it, produces a shear strain
of 0.0060. The shear modulus of this metal is 3.0 × 1010 Pa. The shear stress on the block in
megapascals is closest to
A) 180 MPa.
B) 360 MPa.
C) 600 MPa.
D) 720 MPa.
E) 900 MPa.
Answer: A
Var: 1
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58) A shear force of 400 N is applied to one face of an aluminum cube having sides of 30 cm
each. What is the resulting displacement of this face of the cube if the opposite face is held
fixed? The shear modulus for aluminum is 2.5 × 1010 N/m2.
A) 1.9 × 10-8 m
B) 4.4 × 10-8 m
C) 5.3 × 10-8 m
D) 8.2 × 10-8 m
Answer: C
Var: 1

59) Opposing shearing forces of 3000 N are applied to the 3.00-cm × 4.00-cm faces of a metal
block measuring 3.00 cm × 4.00 cm × 5.00 cm. By what distance does the block become slanted?
The shear modulus for this metal is 8.10 × 1010 N/m2.
A) 1.54 × 10-6 m
B) 5.56 × 10-7 m
C) 9.88 × 10-7 m
D) 3.08 × 10-6 m
E) 6.98 × 10-6 m
Answer: A
Var: 1

60) Opposing shearing forces of 3000 N are applied to the 4.00-cm × 5.00-cm faces of a metal
block measuring 3.00 cm × 4.00 cm × 5.00 cm. By what amount does the block become slanted?
The shear modulus for this metal is 8.10 × 1010 N/m2.
A) 1.54 × 10-6 m
B) 5.56 × 10-7 m
C) 9.88 × 10-7 m
D) 3.08 × 10-6 m
E) 6.98 × 10-6 m
Answer: B
Var: 1

61) A 25-kg television set rests on four rubber pads, each one having a height of 1.0 cm and a
radius of 0.60 cm. A 200-N horizontal force is applied to the television set. How far does it move
sideways due to the deformation of the rubber pads if the pads do not slide on the floor? The
shear modulus of these rubber pads is 2.6 × 106 Pa.
A) 6.8 mm
B) 3.4 mm
C) 1.7 mm
D) 1.5 mm
E) 1.3 mm
Answer: C
Var: 1

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62) A 25-kg television set rests on four rubber pads that are on the floor, each one having a
height of 1.0 cm and a radius of 0.60 cm. A horizontal force is applied to the television set. When
the pads are just at the point of sliding over the floor, how far has the television set moved
sideways due to the deformation of the pads? The coefficient of static friction between the rubber
and the floor is 1.0 and the shear modulus of these rubber pads is 2.6 × 106 Pa.
A) 16 mm
B) 8.4 mm
C) 4.2 mm
D) 2.1 mm
E) 1.1 mm
Answer: D
Var: 1

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