Bachiller
Bachiller
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
IF – CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
Examples: Examples:
If he runs, he'll get there on time. If your documents are in order, you can leave.
If you are looking for Peter, you'll find him upstairs. If you want to lose weight, eat less bread.
If he has written the letter, I'll post it. If you see Tom later, could you ask him to ring me?
Examples: Examples:
If I had a map, I would lend it to you. If I were on holiday, I would be visiting Italy.
If my car were working, I would drive you home. If anyone interrupted him, he got very angry.
Examples:
Examples: If I had found him earlier, I might have saved his life.
If I hadn't been so tired, I would have gone out. He would have been sitting on a comfortable chair if he
If they had not been wearing a seat belt, they would had worked harder at school.
have been seriously injured.
EXERCISES:
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3.- Retell the story below using conditional sentences:
Ex: If Peter’s alarm clock had worked, he wouldn’t have woken up late.
If he hadn’t woken up late, he wouldn’t have been late for work.
4.- Make sentences with IF which have the same meaning as the sentences below.
1. Lie down for a few minutes and you’ll feel better.
2. Drive more carefully or you’ll cause an accident.
3. The money had better arrive before Thursday, otherwise there’ll be trouble.
4. In my opinion you ought to rest for a few days.
5. I dream of winning a lottery in order to buy a large car.
6. Jim fell down the stairs, so he couldn’t play football yesterday, but if ….
7. Tina was unhappy because Tom didn’t go to the party
8. The baby wasn’t fed on time, now he’s crying.
9. I ate too much last night. I feel ill now.
1) SUPPOSE / SUPPOSING
Se puede emplear también suppose o supposing en lugar de if, sobre todo en condiciones
improbables.
Ex: Suppose/Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do?
Usamos estas expresiones para expresar una idea muy fuerte de limitación. Siguen la forma de los
tres condicionales. Se emplean con el significado de “if but only if.” La traducción de todas ellas
podría ser: SIEMPRE QUE, CON TAL QUE, A CONDICIÓN DE QUE + subjuntivo
3) UNLESS
4) CONDITIONAL INVERSION
Cuando tenemos WERE, HAD y SHOULD en una oración condicional, podemos omitir IF e invertir el
orden del sujeto y el verbo.
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Compara:
If we have enough time, we’ll visit Robert = Should we have enough time, we’ll visit Robert
If I were president, …. = Were I president, ……
If I had known the answer, … = Had I known the answer, …
5) IN CASE
A. Se usa con presente o pasado para indicar una condición que puede ocurrir o no. In case se
refiere a cosas que hacemos por adelantado para estar preparados para algo.
Ex: She brought her swimming costume in case the hotel had a pool.
(porque pensaba que el hotel podría tener piscina)
6) OTHERWISE
Una condición puede a veces entenderse aunque no se manifieste. Otherwise aparece en lugar
de la oración condicional. Su traducción podría ser: DE LO CONTRARIO.
Ex: You’d better hurry. Otherwise, you’ll be late for your appointment. (Otherwise= if you don’t
hurry)
I WISH
A) Wish expresa pesar porque las cosas no son de la forma que al que habla le gustaría que
fueran. En español se suele traducir por: OJALÁ QUE …
C) En inglés formal el verbo to be aparece siempre con la forma were como ocurre en el
segundo condicional.
Ex: He wishes he were younger. (No es tan joven como quisiera)
D) Wish + would suele expresar desagrado o queja sobre la situación presente. Sólo puede
usarse cuando hay dos sujetos diferentes.
Ex: She seldom writes. I wish she would write more often
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2. DESEO/LAMENTO CON RESPECTO AL PASADO
Ex: I’m sorry that I didn’t know Diana’s phone number and couldn’t invite her to the party.
I wish I had known her phone number.
B. El modal que se puede emplear en esta estructura es could + have + participio pasado.
Ex: I wish she could have come (Ojalá hubiese podido venir, siento que no viniera)
IF ONLY
Es equivalente a I wish. Se emplea para sugerir un deseo o pesar más fuerte sobre el presente o
el pasado. Va seguido de pasado simple o pasado perfecto, o would + raiz del verbo.
EXERCISES:
4. REWRITE AS INDICATED:
1. They won the competition because they had a great coach. (hadn’t)
2. She isn’t tall; that’s why she can’t reach that shelf. (taller)
3. I think I’ll arrive at the meeting on time, but if I am late, please start without me. (should)
4. If he fails the exam, he can always take it again. (should)
5. If I had signed the contract last year I would have saved a lot of money in taxes. (inversion)
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5. CORRECT THE MISTAKES:
1. If I would be in his place, I would do it differently.
2. I wish that you’ll be with us soon.
3. Unless their plans changed, they’ll wait for us at the station.
4. I would have called you if I’d have had a mobile phone.