Jurnal 1 PDF
Jurnal 1 PDF
Jurnal 1 PDF
in
December 2013
Issue:5, Vol.:5
Case Report
All rights are reserved
Indian Journal
of Dental Sciences
E ISSN NO. 2231-2293 P ISSN NO. 0976-4003
1
Bansi M Bhusari
Abscesses Of The Periodontium: Review With 2
Rizwan M Sanadi
3
Case Series Jayant R Ambulgekar
4
Manan M Doshi
Abstract 5
Xerxes D Khambatta
Periodontal abscess is the third most frequent dental emergency, representing 7–14% of all the 1
Head Of Department
dental emergencies. Numerous aetiologies have been implicated: exacerbations of the existing 2
Reader
disease, post-therapy abscesses, the impaction of foreign objects, the factors altering root 3
PG Student
morphology, etc.The treatment of the periodontal abscess has been a challenge for many years. 4
PG Student
Today, three therapeutic approaches are being discussed in dentistry, that include, drainage and 5
PG Student
debridement, systemic antibiotics and periodontal surgical procedures which are applied in the Dept of Periodontics, Yerala Medical Trust &
chronic phase of the disease. This article describes the case series of different abscesses of the Research Centre’s Dental College and Hospital.
periodontium and their management PG Institution, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai.
Address For Correspondence:
Key Words Dr. Manan M Doshi, PG Student, Dept of Periodontics,
Diabetes, gingival abscess, periodontal abscess, pericoronal abscess, tooth loss. Yerala Medical Trust & Research Centre’s Dental
College and Hospital. PG Institution. Sector 4,
Introduction incompletely erupted tooth, usually Kharghar, Navi Mumbai- 410210 Maharashtra, India.
Ph no: 09920140044
'Periodontium' is the general term that occurring in the mandibular third molar Fax: 022- 25025203
describes the tissues that surround and area. Email: [email protected]
support the tooth structure. The Submission : 18th July 2012
periodontal tissues include the gums, the Classification based on etiological Accepted : 16th September 2013
cementum, the periodontal ligament and criteria[2]:
the alveolar bone. Among several acute 1. Periodontitis related abscess: When Quick Response Code
conditions that can occur in periodontal acute infections originate from a
tissues, the abscess deserves special biofilm (in the deepened periodontal
attention. Abscesses of the periodontium pocket)
are localized acute bacterial infections 2. Non-Periodontitis related abscess:
which are confined to the tissues of the When the acute infections originate
periodontium. Abscesses of the from another local source. E.g.
periodontium have been classified Foreign body impaction, alteration in
primarily, based on their anatomical root integrity. kernel, a piece of a toothpick,
locations in the periodontal tissue. fishbone, or an unknown object)
According to Meng et al (1999)[1] Among all the abscesses of the Infection of lateral cysts,
?
abscesses of periodontium are classified periodontium, the periodontalabscess is L o c a l f a c t o r s a ff e c t i n g t h e
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as: Gingival, Periodontal & Pericoronal the most important one, which often morphology of the root may
abscess. represents the chronic and refractory predispose to periodontal abscess
form of the disease[1]. formation. (The presence of cervical
Gingival abscess cemental tears has been related to
A gingival abscess is a localized, painful, Predisposing factors: rapid progression of periodontitis and
rapidly expanding lesion involving the 1. Changes in the composition of the the development of abscesses).
marginal gingiva or interdental papilla micro-flora, bacterial virulenceor in
sometimes in a previously disease-free host defences could also make the Pathogenesis:
area. pocket lumen inefficient to drain the The entry of the bacteria into the soft
increased suppuration tissue pocket wall could be the event that
Periodontal abscess 2. Tortuous periodontal pockets are initiates the formation of a periodontal
A periodontal abscess is a localized especially associated with furcation abscess. However, accumulation of
accumulation of pus within the gingival defects. These can eventually become leukocytes & formation of acute
wall of a periodontal pocket resulting in isolated & can favour the formation inflammatory infiltrate will be the main
the destruction of the collagen fibre of an abscess. cause of the connective tissue
attachment and the loss of alveolar bone. 3. Periodontal abscesses can also destruction, encapsulation of bacterial
develop in the absence of mass & formation of pus. The
Pericoronal abscess periodontitis, due to the following inflammatory cells & their extracellular
The pericoronal abscess is a localized causes: enzymes are the main cause of
accumulation of pus within the overlying ? Impaction of foreign bodies (such as a destruction of connective tissue. Both
gingival flap surrounding the crown of an piece of dental floss, a popcorn lowered tissue resistance & virulence &
©Indian Journal of Dental Sciences. (December 2013, Issue:5, Vol.:5) All rights are reserved. 050
number of bacteria will determine the
course of this acute infection.
Microbiology:
The culture studies of periodontal
abscesses have revealed a high Fig. 2. : Preoperative Radiographic view: Intraoral peri-apical
radiograph did not reveal any alteration in bone levels or
prevalence of the following bacteria: periapical changes in relation with 47
1. Porphyromonas gingivalis-55-100% Fig. 6. : Preoperative Radiographic view: Intraoral peri-apical
(Lewis et al) [3] radiograph revealed bone loss in relation with 32
2. Prevotellaintermedia- 25-100%
(Newman and Sims) [4]
3. Fusobacteriumnucleatum -44-65%
(Hafstrom et al) [5]
4. Actinobacillus actinomycetem
comitans - 25% (Hafstrom et al) [5]
5. C a m p y l o b a c t e r r e c t u s - 8 0 %
(Hafstrom et al) [5]
Fig. 7. : Intra-oral postoperative photograph: Frontal view
6. Prevotella melaninogenica-22% showing resolution of periodontal abscess in relation with 32
©Indian Journal of Dental Sciences. (December 2013, Issue:5, Vol.:5) All rights are reserved. 051
anteriors and mandibular arch. (Fig. 10)
©Indian Journal of Dental Sciences. (December 2013, Issue:5, Vol.:5) All rights are reserved. 052
therapeutic approaches are being f. Review after 24-48 hours; a week patient’s susceptibility to periodontitis
discussed in dentistry, that include, later, the definitive treatment should due to the associated systemic
drainage and debridement, systemic be carried out. conditions.
antibiotics and periodontal surgical
procedures which are applied in the The treatment options for periodontal References:
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soft tissue wall loss, the presence of tooth mobility, the
e. Oral hygiene instructions degree of furcation involvement, and the
©Indian Journal of Dental Sciences. (December 2013, Issue:5, Vol.:5) All rights are reserved. 053