Lab Sheet All Basic Hydrology
Lab Sheet All Basic Hydrology
LABORATORY REPORT
EXPERIMENT DATE
SECTION/GROUP NO.
1.
2.
GROUP MEMBERS 3.
4.
5.
1.
LECTURER/ INSTRUCTOR
2.
SUBMISSION DATE
EXAMINER’S COMMENTS
Lab Report Assessment Rubrics
Faculty: FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Programme: BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY WITH HONOURS
Course/Code: HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY LABORATORY/ BNP20103
Experiment
BASIC HYDROLOGY
Title:
Assessed by:
Section:
Student 1.
names: 2.
3.
4.
5.
Very Poor
Excellent
Good
Poor
Fair
CLO 2: To measure the basic concept of hydraulic and hydrology during laboratory sessions. [P4-PLO2]
Total 9
Total (%) 30
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Section 1 2 3 4 5 6
STUDENT CODE OF ETHICS
I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to not
accept or provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything that is in it is true.
BASIC HYDROLOGY
1.0 OBJECTIVE
To identify the relationship between rainfall and runoff.
3.0 THEORY
Hydrology may be broadly defined as the study of the life cycle of water. Of particular importance in this
cycle is the section where rainfall occurs and results in streamflow, i.e. flow in a river or channel. The quantity
of water which becomes streamflow, for urban areas and agricultural lands, and in assessing how much
water may be extracted from a river for water supply or irrigation. Generally, that part of rainfall which results
in streamflow is referred as run-off, and the quantity of run off resulting from a given rainfall depends on a
number of factors. The initial wetness and permeability to the catchment play a major role. Rain falling on a
very dry, permeable catchment will tend to infiltrate the soil rather than move across the surface to the river,
and, conversely, rain striking a wet comparatively impermeable surface will result in a high proportion of run-
off. The intensity of the rainfall and slope of the catchment will also affect the quantity of run-off, the peak
flow in the river will be higher than if a slow response had occurred, with the run-off being more evenly
distributed with time.
Runoff is generated by rainstorms and its occurrence and quantity are dependent on the characteristics of
the rainfall event, i.e. intensity, duration and distribution. The rainfall-runoff process is extremely complex,
making it difficult to model accurately. There are, in addition, other important factors which influence the
runoff generating process like natural surface detention, soil infiltration characteristics and the drainage
pattern formed by natural flow paths. The soil type, vegetative cover and topography play as important roles.
Rainfall and runoff are very important hydrologic components because of their direct relations with water
resources quantity, flood, streamflow and design of dam and hydraulic structure.
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY PAGE NO :
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EDITION : 1
TECHNOLOGY REVIEW NO : 1
HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 28/01/2016
TITLE : BASIC HYDROLOGY AMENDMENT DATE : 26/01/2016
4.0 EQUIPMENT
i) Hydrology Study System Apparatus
ii) Stop watch
5.0 PROCEDURE
1. Set up apparatus with sands to form model catchment.
2. Fill the sand tank with sand by opening the Perspex screen at the front and back
and placing the rod to support the Perspex screen. The sand tank is filled up to a
level just below water crest at each end.
3. Rotate the tilt mechanism to form a slope in the catchment area.
4. One of restrainer A in the downstream weir is removed to permit interflow.
5. Close valves V4, V5, V7 and V8.
6. Valves V6 and respective valves on each water nozzles are open to simulate
rainfall. V11 is open to allow water to reach weir.
7. Start pump and stopwatch simultaneously, adjust valves V2 and V1, (if necessary)
to get an even spray from sprinklers to 3LPM.
8. Observations are done and readings from flowrate, weir head readings and times
are taken at regular intervals.
Note: Measure the volumetric flowrate at regular time interval (eg: 10s) by opening
V24 and close V23. Initial weir head reading is taken when the water is level is the
same level with the weir head.
9. The rain spray is stop by shutting off the pump when the weir reading indicating
stable flow.
10. Readings of weir head are continued to be taken after rain spray simulation is stop
until the flow over the sharp edge weir approach zero or constant value.
11. The relationship of flow recorded over weir against time may now be plotted.
12. Repeat the experiment with different angle of catchment. (At least two angles of
catchment)
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY PAGE NO :
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EDITION : 1
TECHNOLOGY REVIEW NO : 1
HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 28/01/2016
TITLE : BASIC HYDROLOGY AMENDMENT DATE : 26/01/2016
Flowrate:
Time (min) Head above weir (cm) Volume (mL) Flow (LPM) Water Run-off (Liter)
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY PAGE NO :
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EDITION : 1
TECHNOLOGY REVIEW NO : 1
HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 28/01/2016
TITLE : BASIC HYDROLOGY AMENDMENT DATE : 26/01/2016
7.0 QUESTIONS
1. Plot the discharge (unit m 3/s) versus time (second) graph separately from the above values for
each angles.
2. From the graph plotted, determine: (a) Time concentration (b) Rainfall duration, (c) Peak
discharge, (d) Runoff volume and (e) Storage volume.
3. Provide a table for all the comparisons with different angles of catchment.
4. Discuss the results.
5. Give a conclusion for this test
Prepared by: Nur Aini Mohd Arish Approved by: Prof Madya Dr Nor Haslina Hashim
Signature: Signature: