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Running Head: Curriculum Development in Nursing Education 1
Running Head: Curriculum Development in Nursing Education 1
Mallory White
Aspen University
October 2018
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING EDUCATION 2
Aspen University’s master’s degree in nursing with an emphasis on education program. The
graduate level course focused on designing nursing curriculum in diverse learning environments
using evidence-based theories and concepts as well as relevant standards for criteria evaluation.
The course allowed this student educator to analyze the influence of a mission statement,
philosophy, and theoretical foundations in developing and assessing a curriculum. The course
also allowed the student to compare and contrast various approaches to curriculum development
while assessing how socio-cultural factors can influence the processes of curriculum
Module One
The goal of nursing education is to prepare graduates who will practice competently in a
Nursing education is an ongoing activity that starts with prelicensure curriculum and continues
through practice education and advanced degree training. Curriculum development and nursing
education are essential to help curb the nursing shortage and develop nursing as a profession. As
a nurse educator, it is essential that we understand the framework for curriculum planning and
The overall goal of curriculum development is to prepare graduates who will practice
as faculty, and students change as well as changes to the overall healthcare environment and
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING EDUCATION 3
accreditation requirements. Over time, there has been much progress in nursing school training
and curriculum requirements and development, but there is still more room to change. As the
needs of the overall population change, so will the curriculum and training of new nurses.
Module Two
development. In order for curriculum to be a seamless and fruitful process, faculty support is
mandatory. Faculty support is gained through an attention to the values of the individuals as
well as the faculty as a whole. Educators must also ensure that the curriculum development or
modifications are necessary, thoroughly reviewed and can be completed in a manageable time
frame (Iwasiw, Goldenberg, & Andrusyszyn, 2009). Iwasiw, Goldenberg, and Andrusyszyn
(2009) presented synthesis activities as case studies to allow students to apply the learned ideas
It is realistic to expect that not all faculty will welcome change and empowerment
through professional growth and curriculum change. Faculty development and curriculum
development are intertwined and rely heavily upon each other. Faculty support for curriculum
change is vital for a successful outcome. Through open communication, honest attention to
limiting factors, thoughtful consideration of the reasons for curriculum development, and a
realistic timeframe, administrators are more likely to gain faculty support and efforts when
curriculum development is concerned (Keating, 2011). Curriculum and faculty development can
be extensive and intense, yet it can have drastic outcomes on faculty and student performance.
Module Three
leadership is foundational for curriculum redesign to occur and the curriculum leader’s
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING EDUCATION 4
responsibilities are delineated (Iwasiw, Goldenberg, & Andrusyszyn, 2009). In order for
and pre-planned. Before the processes of curriculum development can begin, factors such as
and academic freedom must be considered. Iwasiw, Goldenberg, and Andrusyszyn (2009)
presented synthesis activities as case studies to allow students to apply the learned ideas of
effectiveness of curriculum leaders. The groundwork for success in curriculum development can
processes, organizational and management skills, and an innate ability to work collaboratively
with others (Keating, 2011). Curriculum leaders also play in important role in the organizational
structure of development activities while determining the logistics of getting the necessary work
completed on time. Committee structures, work plans, faculty development, and resource
acquisition allow for faculty members to play an active role in curriculum development as well
Module Four
Module four introduced concepts dealing with the influence and assessment of contextual
factors. Nursing programs are influenced by a number of situations, forces, and circumstances
that come from both internal and external sources (Keating, 2011). Internal contextual factors
are those that originate with the educational institution and school itself whereas external
contextual factors come from the community, country, and region. When creating programs and
curriculum and when modifying existing curriculum, it is essential to consider both internal and
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING EDUCATION 5
external factors. Iwasiw, Goldenberg, and Andrusyszyn (2009) presented synthesis activities as
case studies to allow students to apply the learned ideas of the influence and assessment of
To develop a curriculum that is in line with leading healthcare challenges, that matches
the needs of the patient population and is congruent with the abilities and skills required of
nurses it is essential to consider both internal and external forces that influence the nursing
profession. When undergoing a curriculum revision project, it is essential to analyze data and
determine its meaning for the curriculum (Iwasiw, Goldenberg, & Andrusyszyn, 2009). Relevant
issues and trends in both internal and external factors guide curriculum changes to meet the
Module Five
The fifth module centered around curriculum and course development. Curriculum
design is the configuration of the program of studies and must be congruent with the school’s
mission and purpose while also aligning with the faculty’s values and beliefs (Keating, 2011).
After a curriculum is developed, educators must then develop individual courses. Course
facilitate learner achievement and reflects the philosophical foundations of the university.
Iwasiw, Goldenberg, and Andrusyszyn (2009) presented synthesis activities as case studies to
allow students to apply the learned ideas of curriculum and course development to real-life
examples.
Curriculum and course development are cyclical processes that require discussion, the
generation of ideas for design, and critique. Overall program curriculum and individual courses
must align with the school’s mission and purpose while providing active learning opportunities.
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING EDUCATION 6
Curriculum and course development must also be designed with human and financial
implications taken into consideration. Educators must take into consideration the program of
study, like traditional versus accelerated nursing programs. Curriculum and courses must be
Module Six
Module six focused on curriculum and program evaluation. Curriculum and program
evaluation are continual processes that involve a systemic series of actions that include
identifying a clear purpose, time frame, and the evaluator (Keating, 2011). Curriculum and
program evaluators can utilize frameworks or models as guides to the process, data collection
methods, instruments of choice, and procedures of reporting. It is essential that the results be
interpreted and reported accurately. After analysis, the findings must be utilized to make
Nursing school faculty play a key role in evaluating student learning, curriculum, and
courses, as well as program outcomes. Faculty must also evaluate the effectiveness of his or her
teaching practices as educators are responsible for the effectiveness of the nursing program
(Iwasiw, Goldenberg, & Andrusyszyn, 2009). No matter what evaluation tools and methods are
used to collect, interpret, or organize data, it is essential that the results be used to make informed
Facility administrators can also utilize evaluation tools when preparing for accreditation to
Module Seven
Module seven was centerd around curriculum development and evaluation in staff
development and patient education. Nurse educators not only play an important role in teaching
nursing students, but they also have essential roles in staff development and health education
services for patients (Keating, 2011). Although the education is provided in different settings,
nurse educators can utilize many of the same activities and processes to develop and evaluate
curriculum that is used in a classroom as well as the practice setting. Learning in nursing is not
completed when a degree is earned, healthcare is constantly changing, meaning staff nurses must
continually receive educational updates and training. All nurses can take learned information to
Developing staff development and patient education programs involve processes that are
very similar to developing a curriculum in a classroom setting. Nurse educators must still
consider internal and external frame factors while considering a learning theory to follow,
budgetary restraints, and how to evaluate the effectiveness of the education. As a clinical nurse
educator, this writer understands the importance of having nurse educators outside of nursing
schools. Clinical nurse educators can seek current evidence-based practices and utilize that
knowledge to promote change in practices and policies to improve patient outcomes. Improving
nursing practices and education can also lead to increases in facility reimbursement. Clinical
nurse educators also play a vital role in developing education programs for patients so that they
can take active roles in their health care and overall wellness.
Module Eight
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING EDUCATION 8
The final module in the course focused on issues and trends in curriculum development
and evaluation. In order to stay relevant, nurse educators must consider the issues and trends that
affect curriculum development. Current issues and trends affect educational activities now and
in the future (Keating, 2011). Over the last couple decades there have been major changes to
healthcare, student populations, and technologies used in nursing education. Students from
various ethnic and cultural backgrounds are looking for education that is flexible in delivery yet
relevant in healthcare trends and allows students to grow intellicutally and professionally to
Technology and distance education programs are becoming more prevalent in nursing
education with nearly two-thirds of educational programs offering some sort of online or web-
based programs (Keating, 2011). Technology-based distance education programs still come with
classroom education. Distance education programs allow for flexible delivery of curriculum
Revision of Week 3
The following represents this student’s level of achievement and learning in the course.
Following instructor recommendations, the original version of the assignment was modified and
presented below.
Effective leadership is foundational for curriculum redesign to occur and the curriculum
leader’s responsibilities are delineated (Iwasiw, Goldenberg, & Andrusyszyn, 2009). In order for
and pre-planned. Before the processes of curriculum development can begin, factors such as
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING EDUCATION 9
and academic freedom must be considered. Iwasiw, Goldenberg, and Andrusyszyn (2009)
presented synthesis activities as case studies to allow students to apply the learned ideas of
around 6500 full and part-time students. Mountainview College has entered into a collaborative
partnership with Springhaven University to allow associate degree nursing students to transition
to a BSN program for their third and fourth-year studies. The partnership includes an agreement
to develop a new curriculum with collaboration from members of both colleges and the health
community.
In order for the new curriculum development project to be a success, there needs to be
predetermined roles and responsibilities between the dean of nursing at Springhaven University
and the Chair of Nursing at Mountainview Community College. In most curriculum development
projects, a formal curriculum development leader (Iwasiw, Goldenberg, & Andrusyszyn, 2009),
because this is a project of shared interests, both leaders from each college should be appointed
as co-leaders for the curriculum development project. Both leaders should work together to make
the most out of their different experiences, expert knowledge, management skills, and logistical
skills.
As previously described, there should be one leader from each college to promote the
idea of fairness between the two. This would also allow for equal representation from both
colleges. Having two leaders with separate duties could allow for work to get completed
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING EDUCATION 10
promptly (Institute of Medicine, 2011). Both leaders must consider his or her priorities and
make a note of what they believe to be essential to the overall curriculum. Shared leadership
2018). Each leader can bring his or her personal knowledge about the nursing profession, nursing
education, curriculum development, and academic policies to the project. Having two leaders
could be most beneficial to the curriculum development process as each leader will have
different management and logistics processes as well as connections with those in the healthcare
administration.
(Iwasiw, Goldenberg, & Andrusyszyn, 2009). Those who are elected come recommended by a
group who has recognized the individual’s abilities to lead in a competent and trustworthy
manner. Those who are appointed to leadership are referred to as imposed leaders and may have
difficulty getting the group to accept their leadership or receive support from his or her
constituents (Iwasiw, Goldenberg, & Andrusyszyn, 2009). The case study does not specify
whether the dean of nursing from Springhaven University and the Chair of the nursing
department at Mountainview Community College were elected or chosen for their roles, but it is
likely that they had to prove some sort of competence and experience with leadership
capabilities. The leaders must also maintain professional and collaborative relationships of
nursing leaders throughout the community as the students will need clinical practice sites and
patient-care experiences.
Nurses usually do not spring forth as leaders; instead, they undergo processes of
maturation and growth into leadership roles (Iwasiw, Goldenberg, & Andrusyszyn, 2009). It is
essential for curriculum development to prepare leaders. Experienced curriculum leaders can
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING EDUCATION 11
serve as mentors for those without experience. Developing the next batch of curriculum
developers is essential as the number of experienced curriculum developers will be retiring soon,
and newer faculty will have to assume roles of curriculum leadership (Iwasiw, Goldenberg, &
Andrusyszyn, 2009).
Iwasiw, Goldenberg, and Andrusyszyn (2009) shared the story of Old Ivy University
College of Nursing. The university is located in a large metropolitan city and offers BSN, MS,
and Ph.D. programs with nearly 1,300 students in various nursing programs. The majority of
nursing students are in BSN programs and are learning through a curriculum that many faculty
members believe has lost its unity and is in need of more progressive philosophical approaches
and learning experiences (Iwasiw, Goldenberg, & Andrusyszyn, 2009). The Dean of the College
of Nursing has appointed Dr. Beverly Eme as the curriculum leader. Dr. Eme is an experienced
long-time faculty member who teaches in the BSN program and is known to be highly
With any curriculum change, communication is the best way to determine what each
faculty member views as necessary. Change theories give curriculum development projects
guidance and direction as to what activities need to occur within the group and stakeholders
(Iwasiw, Goldenberg, & Andrusyszyn, 2009). When considering a change theory to follow, Dr.
Eme should consider the timeline and urgency of the revisions while building trust and shared
goals with faculty and stakeholders. She should develop a philosophy, vision, and strategy and
After determining a change theory and who should be involved, the next step in
curriculum development is to determine which committees should be formed and what each
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING EDUCATION 12
committee’s structure and function will be (Iwasiw, Goldenberg, & Andrusyszyn, 2009).
Committees allow for work to be shared and for group meetings to share ideas and gain
acceptance. Two committees that could be formed include a curriculum committee and a total
faculty group. The curriculum committee would be responsible for the overall development of
the proposed curriculum. Each member on the curriculum committee could become members of
subcommittees based on subject matter. The total faculty group would develop and approve all
Old Ivy University is focusing on BSN curriculum revision but may still require the
assistance of those teaching in the MS and Ph.D. programs. If MS and Ph.D. faculty are resistant
to participate into the undergraduate curriculum development, it would be essential for Dr.
Lumella and Dr. Eme to remind them their obligation and responsibilities as educators to
participate in curriculum development. It would also be beneficial for the Dr.’s to explain to the
graduate faculty that an updated undergraduate curriculum could provide them with better-
prepared graduate students. The instructors of the graduate programs could provide input as to
where they are seeing deficits in student preparedness and attempt to address those with
development and decision-making involve many different levels of expertise, ideas and
emotions, own hopes and dreams, and the desire to provide students with the best possible
outcomes and fit within contextual factors in a dynamic and interactive process.
The most realistic work plan for curriculum development begins with examining the current
curriculum to identify strengths and weaknesses. Work plans for curriculum development must
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING EDUCATION 13
contain realistic timelines and responsibilities for those involved. Groups should frequently meet
to discuss progress and adherence to timelines (Iwasiw, Goldenberg, & Andrusyszyn, 2009). Dr.
Eme should set a critical path for curriculum development to outline all activities that are to be
completed, a timeline or due dates for activities, as well as the individuals or groups that are
responsible for the activities. Work should be shared based on expertise and feasibility of
processes can provide insights that are unique and worthy of being shared in conference
presentations and journal articles. If considering publication, the Old Ivy faculty members
would need to determine how contributors will be acknowledged in the publication, who will
write the proposals and articles for publishing, and who will carry primary authorship. Primary
authorship may be determined by whoever takes on the leadership role in seeking publication
a new curriculum requires dedicated staff who can commit time and knowledge into the
development processes (Iwasiw, Goldenberg, & Andrusyszyn, 2009). The projects will also
require interviews with students, members from the healthcare community, and professors from
other programs either at the same university or neighboring facilities. In order to help faculty
become excellent resources for curriculum development, faculty development activities may be
necessary. Faculty development resources can help novice faculty members appreciate
curriculum development as an iterative process without feeling overwhelmed while being able to
focus on the necessary tasks. Faculty development programs can help faculty members
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING EDUCATION 14
comprehend the overall curriculum development processes and believe that the work is
Conclusion
effectiveness of curriculum leaders. The groundwork for success in curriculum development can
processes, organizational and management skills, and an innate ability to work collaboratively
with others (Keating, 2011). Curriculum leaders also play in important role in the organizational
structure of development activities while determining the logistics of getting the necessary work
completed on time. Committee structures, work plans, faculty development, and resource
acquisition allow for faculty members to play an active role in curriculum development as well
References
20180813-03
Institute of Medicine. (2011). The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209867/
Iwasiw, C., Goldenberg, D., & Andrusyszyn, M. (2009). Curriculum development in nursing
Keating, S. B. (2011). Curriculum development and evaluation in nursing (2nd ed.). New York,