Bending in Beam 2: Reinforced Concrete Design
Bending in Beam 2: Reinforced Concrete Design
Bending in Beam 2
Working Stress Design (WSD)
Analysis of RC Beam
Double Reinforcement
Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET
εs T = As f s
b f s = Es ε s
f c = Ecε c
1
Compression in concrete: C = f c b kd kd
C
2
N.A.
jd
Tension in steel: T = As f s
T = As f s
f s = Es ε s
Equilibrium ΣFx= 0 :
Compression = Tension
1
f c b kd = As f s
2
Reinforcement ratio: ρ = As / bd
fc 2 ρ
= 1
fs k
Strain compatibility:
εc εc kd k
= =
ε s d − kd 1 − k
kd
d f c / Ec k
=
f s / Es 1 − k
fc k
εs n = 2
fs 1 − k
k = 2n ρ + ( n ρ ) − n ρ
2
Analysis: know ρ find k 1 2
n fc 1
Design: know fc , fs find k 2 k= =
n fc + fs 1 + fs
n fc
Allowable Stresses
Plain concrete: Steel:
f c = 0.33 f c′ ≤ 60 kg/cm 2 SR24: fs = 0.5(2,400) = 1,200 ksc
134
n= = 10.94 ⇒ 11 (nearest integer)
150
f c = 0.375(150) = 56 ksc
1
k= = 0.291
1,500
1+
11(56)
Resisting Moment
kd/3 Moment arm distance : j d
1 kd
C= fc k b d jd = d −
M 2 3
jd
k
j = 1−
T = As fs 3
Steel: M = T × jd = As f s jd
1
Concrete: M = C × jd = fc k j b d 2 = R b d 2
2
1
R= fc k j
2
1) Compute parameters
1 1
k= j = 1− k / 3 R= fc k j
1 + f s n fc 2
R (kg/cm2)
fc
n
(kg/cm2) fs=1,200 fs=1,500 fs=1,700
(kg/cm2) (kg/cm2) (kg/cm2)
45 12 6.260 5.430 4.988
50 12 7.407 6.463 5.955
55 11 8.188 7.147 6.587
60 11 9.386 8.233 7.608
65 10 10.082 8.835 8.161
Design Parameter k and j
M
From M = As f s jd → As =
fs j d
Number of Bars
Bar Dia.
1 2 3 4 5 6
RB6 0.283 0.565 0.848 1.13 1.41 1.70
RB9 0.636 1.27 1.91 2.54 3.18 3.82
DB10 0.785 1.57 2.36 3.14 3.93 4.71
DB12 1.13 2.26 3.53 4.52 5.65 6.79
DB16 2.01 4.02 6.03 8.04 10.05 12.06
DB20 3.14 6.28 9.42 12.57 15.71 18.85
DB25 4.91 9.82 14.73 19.63 24.54 29.45
L = span length
For steel with fy not equal 4,000 kg/cm2 multiply with 0.4 + fy/7,000
Example 3.2: Working Stress Design of Beam
d = 50 - 4(covering) - 2.0/2(bar) = 45 cm
= 495,781 kg-cm
TRY section 40 x 80 cm d = 75 cm
= 1,836,225 kg-cm
M 12 . 5 × 10 5
Steel area: As = = = 10 . 8 cm 2
f s jd 1,700 × 0 . 908 × 75
M M
bd 2
= ⇒ d =
R Rb
12 . 5 × 10 5
d = = 61 . 88 cm
8 . 161 × 40
USE section 40 x 80 cm d = 75 cm
Column width 30 cm
30 cm 30 cm Required moment:
M = (4.768) (4.7)2 / 8
= 13.17 t-m
5.0 m span
Practical Design of RC Beam
B1 30x60 Mc = 8.02 t-m, Vc = 6.29 t.
fc = 65 ksc, fs = 1,500 ksc, n = 10
Load
w = 2.30 t/m
dl 0.43
k = 0.302, j = 0.899, R = 8.835 ksc
wall 0.63
slab 1.24
b = 30 cm, d = 60 - 5 = 55 cm
5.00 w 2.30
Mc = 8.835(30)(55)2/105 = 8.02 t-m
M± = (1/9)(2.3)(5.0)2 = 6.39 t-m
Vc = 0.29(173)1/2(30)(55)/103
As± = 8.62 cm2 (2DB25)
= 6.29 t
V = 5.75 t ([email protected] St.)
As± = 6.39×105/(1,500×0.899×55)
= 8.62 cm2
8.00 5.00
8.54 9.83
SFD 12.58 3.37
+13.81 +2.15
BMD -16.17
13.65 15.99 2.13
As 3DB25 4DB25 2DB25
GRASP Version 1.02
B11-B12
Membe
Mz.i [T-m] Mz.pos [T-m] Mz.j [T-m] Fy.i [Ton] Fy.j [Ton]
r
1 0 39.03 -53.42 33.04 -50.84
2 -53.42 17.36 -37.97 44.52 -39.36
3 -37.97 20.75 -46.35 40.54 -43.34
4 -46.35 25.88 -28.26 44.96 -38.92
5 -28.26 6.59 -92.25 31.27 -52.61
6 -92.25 81.47 0.00 69.70 -47.73
Analysis of RC Beam
j = 1− k / 3
εs
As
where ρ = = Reinforcement ratio
bd
Es 2.04 × 106 134
n= = ≈
Ec 15,100 fc′ fc′
STEP 2 : Compute Resisting Moment
1
Concrete: Mc = fc k j b d 2
2
Steel: M s = As f s j d
Design Section
w = 4 t/m Concrete: fc = 65 kg/cm2
80 cm
5.0 m 4DB20
(As = 12.57 cm2)
40 cm
Required moment, M = (4.768) (4.7)2 / 8 = 13.17 t-m
As As1 fs
T = As fs
εs As2 fs
ก
ก
T’ = A’s f’s
1 T’ = A’s f’s
C=
1
f kbd C = 2 fckbd
2 c
jd d-d’
T = As fs T1 = As1 fs T2 = As2 fs
1 M2 = M − Mc
Moment strength M1 = M c = f c kjbd 2
2
M = M1 + M2 = As 2 f s (d − d ′)
= As1 f s jd
= As′ f s′(d − d ′)
Mc M − Mc
Steel area As = As1 = + As 2 =
f s jd f s ( d − d ′)
Compatibility Condition
d’ εc
εs d − kd
=
kd ε’s ′
εs kd − d ′
d From Hook’s law: εs = Es fs, ε’s = Es f’s
Es f s f d − kd
= s =
Es f s′ f s′ kd − d ′
εs
k − d′ d
f s′ = f s
1− k
... ก
k − d′ d
f s′ = 2 f s
1− k
T2 = As2 fs k − d′ d
Substitute f s′ = 2 f s
1− k
1 1− k
As′ = As 2
2 k − d′ d
ก ( k ) Compression = Tension
d’
εc Cc + Cs′ = T
1
f c b kd + As′ f s′ = As f s
kd ε’s 2
d k − d′ d A′
Substitute f s′ = 2 f s , ρ′ = s
1− k bd
1− k A
εs fs = n fc , ρ= s
k bd
d′
2n ρ + 2 ρ ′ + n 2 ( ρ + 2 ρ ′ ) − n ( ρ + 2 ρ ′ )
2
k =
d
Mc 18.36 × 105
As1 = = = 15.86 cm 2
f s jd 1, 700 × 0.908 × 75
Compression steel
1 1− k 1 1 − 0.277
As′ = As 2 = × 2.34 × = 4.02 cm 2
2 k − d′ d 2 0.277 − 5 / 75
USE 2DB20 (As = 6.28 cm2)
2DB20
0.80 m
6DB20
0.40 m
Design Section
Concrete: fc = 65 ksc
w = 6 t/m 2DB20
(A’s = 6.28 cm2) Steel: fs = 1,700 ksc
80 cm
n = 10
5.0 m 6DB20
(As = 18.85 cm2)
40 cm
Required moment, M = (6.768) (4.7)2 / 8 = 18.69 t-m
d′
2n ρ + 2 ρ ′ + n 2 ( ρ + 2 ρ ′ ) − n ( ρ + 2 ρ ′ )
2
k =
d
k = 0.222 j = 1 – 0.222/3 = 0.926
Strain compatibility:
d′ εc
εc kd k f c / Ec k fc k
ε s′ = = → = → n =
ε s d − kd 1 − k f s / Es 1 − k fs 1− k
kd
Assume fc = 65 ksc:
d
fs = nfc (1 − k ) / k = 10 × 65 (1 – 0.222 ) / 0.222
fs′ = 2 fs (k − d ′ / d ) / (1 − k )
Moment Strength: M = M1 + M2
1 1
M1 = Mc = fc k j b d 2 = × 48.5 × 0.222 × 0.926 × 40 × 76.52 / 105
2 2
= 11.67 t-m