24 Down Report Disposal of MSW in Panaji City
24 Down Report Disposal of MSW in Panaji City
February 2006
Detailed Project Report For Solid Waste Management
Contents
1. Introduction………………………………………..… 03
2. Existing Infrastructure of SWM with CCP……..…. 08
3. Field Study Carried Out in Panaji.…………….….. 11
4. Physical Characterization of Waste……………..... 18
5. Existing System of MSW Collection……….…...… 20
6. Justification of Equipment Required.………….….. 23
7. Designs & Drawings of Proposed SWM...……..… 30
8. Operation & Maintenance of Equipment………..... 31
9. Operation & Maintenance of Sanitary Landfill…… 32
10. Routing Plan for Storage & Collection of MSW…. 33
11. Institutional & Financial Reform…………………... 34
12. Action Plan for Operation & Maintenance……….. 35
13. Details of Suitable Land for SWM Facility……….. 36
14. Annexures………………………………………….... 37
1. Introduction
The picturesque city of Panaji, the
capital of Goa lies in an idyllic
location flanked by the River
Mandovi on one side, lined with
mangroves along its estuaries, the
lush green hills as its crown in the
center, a city beach overlooking
the Arabian sea fringed with coconut palm trees, gardens and heritage
squares. It is a city that is loved by its citizens and they take pride in its
development.
Decadal Projected
Population Population
Census Year 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population 43,165 42,915 58,785 76,420
Decadal Growth 23.49% -0.58% +29.67% +30%
The Corporation of the City of Panaji (CCP) takes care of its citizens, the
city’s visitors and has vowed to make this city one that not only its citizens but
also visitors to the city would be proud to be
associated with.
The reason for the ‘bin free’ campaign was because of the increasing
problems associated the open community bins in the city. There was always a
bad stink that was constantly prevalent around the open bins, the number of
stray animals that visited the areas searching for food was increasing and
creating a nuisance, there was presence of pests associated with the bin,
which significantly increased the risk of diseases like malaria, typhoid. All
these reasons contributed to the citizens not respecting the bin and treating it
as thrash itself.
up waste from the doorstep of each household in the city at a fee of Rs. 1/-
per day. After collection, the workers deposited the waste fractions into
appropriately colored and larger 240 litre capacity trolley bins. These new
trolley bins replaced the open community bins, and were selected after having
a look at a number of trolley bins of similar design and size. The two most
important features of this bin were that it was easily movable and it had a lid
that isolated the waste inside it once it was closed.
When the trolley bin was filled to capacity, or collection completed, whichever
first, the trolley was rolled onto marked pickup points on the preplanned route
of the dry and wet Municipal Solid Waste compacter trucks. The truck, at
arrival picked up its correct fraction with the help of a pneumatic arm. When
the last trolley bin was unloaded into the truck, the truck proceeded to a
landfill where each fraction was disposed. The compactor truck fleet was also
modified to cope with the increasing and improved MSW collection system
through trolley bins.
Pushed into a corner with adamant landfill site villagers on one side and the
mounting uncollected Municipal Solid Waste on the other side, CPP was
forced to rethink about the waste management problems affecting the city. It
was finally decided that Segregation at Source (SAS) scheme would be
started with proper planning and renewed energy and urgency. Sanitation
workers were re-educated and the SAS scheme was restarted. Information
was passed on to the citizens through an SAS information sheet generated by
CPP. Schedules were now made to collect household wet waste daily and
household dry waste 2 times a week. Dry Hotel waste was collected at a
different schedule 2 times a week while their wet fraction was collected daily.
12 supervisors were appointed to make sure that the segregation in the city
was maintained and to make sure that its citizens would cooperate with the
new SAS initiatives taken up by CPP. As a temporary measure, CPP located
a temporary site within the city limits and presently conducts sanitary
landfilling of dry waste. Measures to compost wet waste at colony level and in
bulk for market and hotel waste are also underway in accordance with the
high court time bound directives issued.
To maximize the utilization of this temporary landfill site, and plan for a new
landfill location, improve the collection system and implement low cost
solutions to manage its MSW, CPP required a field study to be carried out
with the services of a consultant. A report titled ‘Waste Management For
Panjim City, Report 2005” on the analysis of waste generated by Panaji city
was produced after a 1.5 month long study by the consultant.
Mileage
Type of Date of
Sr. No. Registration No. Make covered
Vehicle Purchase
(Kms)
1 GDT - 9931 Tata Heavy 12.10.81 4,87,080
2 GDS - 5212 Tata Heavy 21.05.82 4,02,130
3 GDS - 6357 Tata Heavy 05.12.84 3,63,350
4 GDS - 6392 Tata Heavy 05.12.84 3,69,525
Composting Van
The Composting Van services the composting stations set up all over the city.
The van carries trained staff, all the equipment and materials required to keep
the composting bins in good health. CCP has just 1 vehicle with details on
vehicle age, & mileage covered:
Percentage of
CCP Expenses on Maintenance
contribution
Year Waste
towards
salaries of Roads/gutters Disposal Income Expenditure
staff Infrastructure
2000-01 31% 1,22,83,671/- 2,50,00,000/- 8,60,01,302/- 7,43,53,561/-
2001-02 35% 1,29,30,180/- 2,62,00,000/- 7,73,48,734/- 6,81,21,895/-
2002-03 38% 1,34,69,415/- 2,75,56,000/- 7,53,42,382/- 7,91,28,370/-
2003-04 34% 1,99,80,599/- 2,89,40,000/- 8,87,89,983/- 9,00,85,570/-
2004-05 52% 1,49,90,411/- 3,80,00,000/- 7,37,73,370/- 8,60,35,795/-
Staffing
The Corporation of the City of Panaji has 190 semi-skilled (non technical)
permanent and daily wage sanitation workers deployed in the city for collection of
waste. However, these workers work in a rotation system, therefore, at any given
day, the number of workers performing on duty is 98.
A consultant was appointed for a field study to be carried out and the study
produced the following data:
• The demarcation of the city into 12 zones for easier management and
planning, of MSW with 1 supervisor in charge of each zone.
Zone
Zone Name Supervisor
No
1 Caranzalem Suresh Sawant
Zone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total
Staffing 11 9 14 6 5 14 8 3 7 8 5 8 98
Bin Shelters 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 15
Wet 10 2 7 8 14 10 6 5 4 6 9 10 91
Available Bins
Dry 21 7 19 10 11 16 15 5 9 15 13 15 156
Average Full Wet 9 1.5 8 5 23 16 4 7 1 4 9 8 89.5
Bins Dry 20 10 21 8 13 34 22 14 12 18 13 18 203
Flats 1561 365 900 0 641 826 73 285 162 460 874 245 6392
Bungalows 0 0 0 183 49 110 302 0 0 163 6 378 1191
Offices 0 65 90 0 0 61 18 2 1 15 150 8 410
Establishments Shops 162 200 500 3 27 0 71 375 490 10 49 24 1911
Hotels 0 0 0 7 0 0 18 0 0 3 4 16 48
Hospitals 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 5
Schools 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 3 1 0 8
Total Total 1723 630 1490 194 720 997 484 662 653 656 1085 671 9965
The 1st technique was done with direct weighing of the Municipal Solid
Waste truck, on a weighbridge. It was noted that 29 filled bins of dry waste
was picked up from the entire zone. The tare weight of the Municipal Solid
Waste truck was subtracted from gross weight to reveal that the dry waste
• The 2nd technique was done with the help of sanitation workers and a
spring scale, with the weighing of each individual trolley bin. They too
weighed all 29 filled bins and after subtracting the tare weight of each of
the 29 trolley bins, it was found that the dry waste fraction at Zone 6,
weighed 901kgs. It was also found that the Municipal Solid Waste
weight/number of establishments factor for dry waste in Panaji is 1.95.
• The results of both techniques of computation were almost the same with
a difference of 89kgs. This variation is acceptable and could have been
caused due to errors on the scale, or due to the presence of heavy rainfall
during the collection schedule of the quantitative study.
Weight Analysis For Zone 6 Dry Waste
1st Technique 2nd Technique
No of Trolley's Picked Up 29 29
Gross Weight (Kgs) 6300 1351
Tare Weight (Kgs) 5310 450
Actual Weight (Kgs) 990 901
Households
Restaurants
Municipal Market
Street sweepings
Households
Restaurants
Municipal Market
Street sweepings
Construction Sites
With all this in place, the SAS scheme has been gradually falling into place with
initial 65% fraction purity. With increased supervision at all levels in the SAS
collection system & weekly supervisor meetings held to sort out initial problems,
fraction purity has now gone up to 95% in 4 of the 12 zones while the rest have
improved their fraction purity.
Test Certificates as well as test reports have been annexed as Annexure II.
Percentage of C Percentage of S
Percentage of N Moisture Content
Percentage of P C/N Ratio &
Percentage of K Density
Percentage of Na
MSW Samples were randomly taken from three of the 12 zones in the city.
The city of Panaji recycles sub fractions of dry waste. The inert remnants of
dry waste (after recyclable fractions are removed) were also sent to the
laboratory for obtaining its calorific value to check if it is suitable for
incineration. Test Methods as per IS: 1350 were followed and the results
shown below:
Panaji city’s door-to-door Municipal Solid Waste collection system was started
in 2003. However, it was only in the second half of 2005 that strict
segregation at source was implemented. To achieve this, all the citizens are
given pamphlets with information on the segregation at source, composting,
recycling, waste fractions, pickup schedules and complaint call numbers.
Information material generated by the Corporation is annexed to this report at
Annexure III.
70-liter capacity bin. On days when both wet and dry fractions are collected,
the dry fraction is temporarily put into a separate bag. Once the sanitation
worker’s 70-litre bin is filled, he/she proceeds to the appropriate fraction’s
trolley bin and empties the contents into the trolley bin that has a capacity of
240 litres. When such a trolley bin is filled to capacity, or collection is
completed, whichever first, the trolley is rolled onto marked pickup points on
the preplanned route of the Municipal Solid Waste compacter truck. The
truck, when arrives, will pick up only one fraction, and not both. Therefore,
after verification of the right fraction, the trolley bin is emptied into to the truck
with the help of a hydraulic arm. When the last trolley bin is unloaded into the
truck, the truck proceeds to a sanitary landfill where each fraction is treated
before disposal. This landfill site, though temporary meets all directives
issued by the Goa State Pollution Control Board and is in accordance with the
time bound directives of Hon. High Court.
some of the recyclable sub fractions of dry waste along with details such as
contact information, and monetary values fixed be each establishment to
each of these fractions and sub fractions. Bin shelters have been modified to
serve a dual purpose of being a sorting center where registered scrap dealers
depute their staff to segregate the dry waste fraction into sub fractions and
residual inert fractions.
Provision of Litterbins
The open community bins are removed from all over the city, therefore there
is need to install litterbins at a distance of 200 to 300 meters and the
requirement of litterbins is necessary.
Sweeping of Streets
The organized daily sweeping on public streets exists; however, it shall be
improved by providing advanced cleaning materials and introducing long
handed brooms. At present the street sweeping is organized in bits. Each
sweeper will be provided with wheeled trolleys to collect and deposit the
sweeping. The same trolley will be lifted by hydraulic truck for emptying.
All residential areas are covered under the door-to-door collection system at
present. The waste is being collected in a wheeled trolley. However, this
system can be further improved by allotting wheeled trolley to every housing
society having more than 90 flats so that collection system is fast and the
waste transported will be handled decently. For this purpose trolley should be
made available to every society to transfer their household waste as the same
can be lifted by hydraulic truck without loss of time.
Hotel Waste
The waste from hotels, restaurants, is being collected separately as a special
service. All the restaurants in the city are listed under this scheme. One truck
collects the waste by making 2 trips to around 300 hotels and restaurants. It is
proposed to introduce more trucks to perfect the system, as, if there is any
delay in collection of this waste, hotels and restaurants close with waste left
on the roadside.
Market Waste
The waste from the fish market and meat selling shops is being collected
separately. One truck makes two rounds to collect the waste; however, the
transportation of waste is not neat and clean. For this purpose a special
designed truck is required to prevent odour and leechate leakage is to be
designed. The present system required improvement for the purpose and an
additional truck with compact trolley or lid will be most appropriate.
Medical Waste
Presently medical waste is being collected separately. However, the same is
not disposed as laid down under the rules. The Corporation also does not
have its own incinerator to dispose the waste. The collection of medical waste
needs further improvement by introducing a van with a specially built
compartment, special uniform to the waste collector and special container. As
per the Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998, yellow
bags are to be procured for separate collection of infected medical waste.
CPP has appointed a full fledged engineer who is responsible for addressing
all vehicle and vehicle staff issues. It is his responsibility to make sure that all
the vehicles are maintained in running condition.
A list of all vehicles is maintained along with its logbook of in and out timings.
Periodic servicing is done at authorized automobile workshops.
The Corporation of the City of Panaji has vehicles that have a route plan that
is marked and fixed by the vehicle supervisor before the vehicles leave the
garage for collection.
Registration
Make & Model No. Fraction Assigned Route
No.
Leyland - 1612 GA-01-T-2631 Wet Market to Patto to Inox to Garden to Ribandar
Leyland - 1612 GA-01-T-2632 Wet St. Inez-Tonca to GB to Caranzalem to Kamat Kinara
Leyland - 810 GA-01-G-7562 Wet Campal to Miramar to Lake View to Dona Paula
Tata - 709 GA-01-T-6142 Wet Altinho to DV Rd to St. Inez to Bhatlem to Mala
Leyland - 1612 GA-01-T-2633 Dry St. Inez-Tonca to Caranzalem to Kamat Kinara
Tata - 1613 GA-01-T-4238 Dry St. Inez-Bhatlem to Mala to Municipal Garden
Tata - 709 GA-01-T-5246 Dry Campal to St. Mary's to Lake View to Dona Paula
Tata - 709 GA-01-T-5247 Dry Altinho
Tata - 709 GA-01-T-5674 Dry Market to Patto to Head PO to DV Rd to Ribandar
For waste generated by Hotels & Restaurants & Market, it is taken to a larger
composting facility where winrow composting is done with the help of an
excavator and trained staff.
Once Dry waste is picked up, it makes its way to once of the two sorting
stations in the city where the recyclable fractions are extracted for recycling.
The locations of the sorting stations are:
After recyclable waste fractions are extracted from dry waste, the residual
waste makes its way to the temporary landfill site where it is placed under
permanent storage by burial.
Since 2003, CCP has implemented user charges for all households,
commercial establishments, restaurants, hotels and hospitals. The charges
are as follows:
Amount
Group Purpose
Per Month
Households Daily Collection of MSW 30 /-
Commercial Establishments Daily Collection of MSW 30 /-
Restaurants / Hotels: Class A Daily Collection of MSW 300 /-
Restaurants / Hotels: Class B Daily Collection of MSW 500 /-
Restaurants / Hotels: Class C Daily Collection of MSW 1000 /-
Hospitals / Clinics Daily Collection of Med. Waste 500 /-
Construction Sites Construction Waste by volume
All Groups Leaf & Garden Waste by volume
All Groups Large Bulky Items by volume
It has been decided that the above fees will be reviewed, and a new tariff
will be issued effective 1st April 2006.
Before moving for acquisition of the said land for integrated sanitary landfill
and solid waste site for Panaji, the Corporation of the City of Panaji applied
to the Goa State Pollution Control Board for an ‘in principle’ approval. The
Goa State Pollution Control Board on receipt of the request conducted a site
inspection of the proposed site and a Committee comprising of the Member
Secretary, Goa State Pollution Control Board, Chief Engineer, Water
Resources Department, a representative of the Town & Country Planning
Department, Air Traffic Controller INS Hansa, and a representative of the
Forest Department inspected the site. On inspection of the site, the
Committee approved in principle the proposed land acquisition for treatment
and disposal of Municipal Solid Waste subject to compliance of the
Municipal Solid Waste [Management & Handling Rules] 2000. Accordingly,
vide letter no. 8/28/05-PCB/Vol.111/1922 dated 2.9.2005, the Goa State
Pollution Control Board granted the 'in principle1 approval for land
acquisition.
The Corporation of the City of Panaji also made a presentation to the Town
& Country Planning Board on 28.10.2005 on the proposal. The Town &
Country Planning Department vide letter no. TIS/33/5/TCP/05/99 dated
22.12-2005 has conveyed Government approval for acquisition of the land.
The Corporation of the City of Panaji has sought administrative approval
and financial sanction from the Government for acquisition of the land
ANNEXURE I
ANNEXURE II
ANNEXURE III
INFORMATION MATERIAL
GENERATED FOR CITIZEN
AWARENESS
ANNEXURE IV
ANNEXURE V
Corporation of the City of Panaji and shall not be used unless permitted by
the Corporation.
The report has been prepared by Sanjit Rodrigues & Clinton Vaz.
Photo & Map Credit: Clinton Vaz