Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FIVB Volleyball Rules2013 en 20121214
FIVB Volleyball Rules2013 en 20121214
2013-2016
GAME CHARACTERISTICS 7
CHAPTER 2: PARTICIPANTS 17
4 TEAMS .................................................................................................................................... 17
4.1 TEAM COMPOSITION .......................................................................................................... 17
4.2 LOCATION OF THE TEAM.................................................................................................... 17
4.3 EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................................................... 18
4.4 CHANGE OF EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................... 18
4.5 FORBIDDEN OBJECTS .......................................................................................................... 18
5 TEAM LEADERS .............................................................................................................................. 19
5.1 CAPTAIN ....................................................................................................................... 19
5.2 COACH...................................................................................................................20
5.3 ASSISTANT COACH ....................................................................................................... 20
2
CHAPTER 3: PLAYING FORMAT 21
15 INTERRUPTIONS ............................................................................................................................ 35
15.1 NUMBER OF REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS................................................................ 35
15.2 SEQUENCE OF REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS............................................................. 35
15.3 REQUEST FOR REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS ............................................................. 35
15.4 TIME-OUTS AND TECHNICAL TIME-OUTS.......................................................................... 35
15.5 SUBSTITUTION ..................................................................................................................... 36
15.6 LIMITATION OF SUBSTITUTIONS ........................................................................................ 36
15.7 EXCEPTIONAL SUBSTITUTION ............................................................................................ 36
15.8 SUBSTITUTION FOR EXPULSION OR DISQUALIFICATION .................................................. 37
15.9 ILLEGAL SUBSTITUTION ...................................................................................................... 37
15.10 SUBSTITUTION PROCEDURE ............................................................................................... 37
15.11 IMPROPER REQUESTS ......................................................................................................... 38
16 GAME DELAYS ...............................................................................................................................38
16.1 TYPES OF DELAYS ...............................................................................................................38
16.2 DELAY SANCTIONS ....................................................................................................... 39
17 EXCEPTIONAL GAME INTERRUPTIONS ......................................................................................... 39
17.1 INJURY/ ILLNESS .................................................................................................................. 39
17.2 EXTERNAL INTERFERENCE .................................................................................................. 39
17.3 PROLONGED INTERRUPTIONS ............................................................................................ 39
18 INTERVALS AND CHANGE OF COURTS ......................................................................................... 40
18.1 INTERVALS ........................................................................................................................... 40
18.2 CHANGE OF COURTS ................................................................................................... 40
4
CHAPTER 6: THE LIBERO PLAYER 41
PART 2 - SECTION 2: THE REFEREES, THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES AND OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS 48
CHAPTER 8: REFEREES 49
PART 3: DEFINITIONS 78
INDEX 81
6
GAME CHARACTERISTICS
8
PART 1: PHILOSOPHY OF RULES AND REFEERING
INTRODUCTION
Volleyball is one of the most successful and popular competitive and recreational sports in the
world. It is fast, it is exciting and the action is explosive. Yet Volleyball comprises several crucial
overlapping elements whose complimentary interactions render it unique amongst rally games.
VOLLEY
Service Rotation
PASSING
Explosive
Jumping Power
Action
DIVIDED
Attack TEAM GAME Defense
COURTS
In recent years the FIVB has made great strides in adapting the game to a modern audience.
This text is aimed at a broad Volleyball public – players, coaches, referees, spectators, commentators –
for the following reasons:
– understanding the rules better, allows better play – coaches can create better team structure and
tactics, allowing players full rein to display their skills;
– understanding the relationship between rules allows officials to make better decisions.
This introduction at first focuses on Volleyball as a competitive sport, before setting out to identify
the main qualities required for successful refereering.
Competition taps latent strengths. It exhibits the best of ability, spirit, creativity and aesthetics.
The rules are structured to allow all of these qualities. With a few exceptions, Volleyball allows
all players to operate both at the net (in attack) and in the back of the court (to defend or serve).
William Morgan, the game’s creator, would still recognize it because Volleyball has retained certain
distinctive and essential elements over the years. Some of these it shares with other net/ball/
racquet games:
– Service
– Rotation (taking turns to serve)
– Attack
– Defence
Volleyball is, however, unique amongst net games in insisting that the ball is in constant flight
– a flying ball – and by allowing each team a degree of internal passing before the ball must be
returned to the opponents.
The concept of rotation is entrenched to allow for all-round athletes. The rules on player positions
must permit teams to have flexibility and to create interesting developments in tactics.
Competitors use this framework to contest techniques, tactics and power. The framework also
allows players a freedom of expression to enthuse spectators and viewers.
The essence of a good official lies in the concept of fairness and consistency:
This demands a huge element of trust – the referee must be trusted to allow the players to entertain:
Finally we can say that a good referee will use the rules to make the competition a fulfilling
experience for all concerned.
To those who have read thus far, view the rules which follow as the current state of development of a
great game, but keep in mind why these preceding few paragraphs may be of equal importance to you
in your own position within the sport.
Get involved!
Keep the ball flying !
10
PART 2
SECTION 1: GAME
See Rules
1 PLAYING AREA
The playing area includes the playing court and the free zone. It shall be 1.1, D1a, D1b
rectangular and symmetrical.
1.1 DIMENSIONS D2
The free playing space is the space above the playing area which is free
from any obstructions. The free playing space shall measure a minimum
of 7 m in height from the playing surface.
For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the free zone shall
measure a minimum of 5 m from the side lines and 8 m from the
end lines. The free playing space shall measure a minimum of
12.5 m in height from the playing surface.
1.2.2 On indoor courts the surface of the playing court must be of a light
colour.
For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, white colours are 1.1, 1.3
required for the lines. Other colours, different from each other,
are required for the playing court and the free zone.
1.2.3 On outdoor courts a slope of 5 mm per metre is allowed for drainage. 1.3
Court lines made of solid materials are forbidden.
12
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
Two side lines and two end lines mark the playing court. Both side lines 1.1
and end lines are drawn inside the dimensions of the playing court.
The axis of the centre line divides the playing court into two equal D2
courts measuring 9 x 9 m each; however the entire width of the line is
considered to belong to both courts equally. This line extends beneath
the net from side line to side line.
On each court, an attack line, whose rear edge is drawn 3 m back from 1.3.3, 1.4.1
the axis of the centre line, marks the front zone.
It is laterally limited by two short lines, each 15 cm long, drawn 20 cm 1.3.2, 12, D1b
behind the end line as an extension of the side lines. Both short lines are
included in the width of the service zone.
In depth, the service zone extends to the end of the free zone. 1.1
The substitution zone is limited by the extension of both attack lines up 1.3.4, 15.6.1,
to the scorer's table. D1b
The Libero Replacement zone is part of the free zone on the side of 19.3.2.7, D1b
the team benches, limited by the extension of the attack line up to the
end line.
For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the warm-up areas, 24.2.5, D1a,
sized approximately 3 x 3 m, are located in both of the bench- D1b
side corners, outside the free zone.
A penalty area, sized approximately 1 x 1 m and equipped with two 21.3.2.1, D1a,
chairs, is located in the control area, outside the prolongation of each D1b
end line. They may be limited by a 5 cm wide red line.
1.5 TEMPERATURE
The minimum temperature shall not be below 10° C (50° F).
1.6 LIGHTING
For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the lighting on the 1
playing area should be 1000 to 1500 lux measured at 1 m above
the surface of the playing area.
2.1.2 Its height is measured from the centre of the playing court. The net 1.1, 1.3.2,
height (over the two side lines) must be exactly the same and must not 2.1.1
exceed the official height by more than 2 cm.
14
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
2.2 STRUCTURE
The net is 1 m wide and 9.50 to 10 metres long (with 25 to 50 cm on D3
each side of the side bands), made of 10 cm square black mesh.
Within the band, a flexible cable fastens the net to the posts and keeps
its top taut.
At the bottom of the net there is another horizontal band, 5cm wide,
similar to the top band, through which is threaded a rope. This rope
fastens the net to the posts and keeps its lower part taut.
They are 5 cm wide and 1 m long and are considered as part of the net.
2.4 ANTENNAE
An antenna is a flexible rod, 1.80 m long and 10 mm in diameter, made
of fibreglass or similar material.
An antenna is fastened at the outer edge of each side band. The 2.3, D3
antennae are placed on opposite sides of the net.
The top 80 cm of each antenna extends above the net and is marked
with 10 cm stripes of contrasting colour, preferably red and white.
The antennae are considered as part of the net and laterally delimit the 10.1.1, D3,
crossing space. D5a, D5b
2.5 POSTS
2.5.1 The posts supporting the net are placed at a distance of 0.50-1.00 m D3
outside the side lines. They are 2.55 m high and preferably adjustable.
For all FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the posts supporting
the net are placed at a distance of 1 m outside the side lines.
2.5.2 The posts are rounded and smooth, fixed to the ground without wires.
There shall be no dangerous or obstructing devices.
3.1 STANDARDS
The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic leather
case with a bladder inside, made of rubber or a similar material.
Its inside pressure shall be 0.30 to 0.325 kg/cm2 (4.26 to 4.61 psi) (294.3
to 318.82 mbar or hPa).
16
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
CHAPTER 2
PARTICIPANTS
See Rules
4 TEAMS
Only those listed on the score sheet may normally enter the Competition/
Control Area and take part in the official warm up and in the match.
For FIVB, World and Official Competitions the medical doctor and
team therapist must be accredited beforehand by the FIVB.
4.1.2 One of the players, other than the Libero, is the team captain, who shall 5.1, 19.1.3
be indicated on the score sheet.
4.1.3 Only the players recorded on the score sheet may enter the court and 1, 4.1.1, 5.1.1,
play in the match. Once the coach and the team captain have signed the 5.2.2
score sheet, (team list for electronic score sheet) the recorded players
cannot be changed.
The benches for the teams are located beside the scorer's table, outside D1a, D1b
the free zone.
4.2.2 Only the team composition members are permitted to sit on the bench 4.1.1, 7.2
during the match and to participate in the official warm-up session.
4.3 EQUIPMENT
A player's equipment consists of a jersey, shorts, socks (the uniform)
and sport shoes.
4.3.1 The colour and the design for the jerseys, shorts and socks must be 4.1, 19.2
uniform for the team (except for the Libero). The uniforms must be
clean.
4.3.2 The shoes must be light and pliable with rubber or composite soles
without heels.
4.3.3.1 The number must be placed on the jersey at the centre of the front and
of the back. The colour and brightness of the numbers must contrast
with the colour and brightness of the jerseys.
4.3.4 The team captain must have on his/her jersey a stripe of 8 x 2 cm 5.1
underlining the number on the chest.
4.3.5 It is forbidden to wear uniforms of a colour different from that of the 19.2
other players (except for the Liberos), and/or without official numbers.
4.4.2 to change wet or damaged uniforms between sets or after substitution, 4.3, 15.5
provided that the colour, design and number of the new uniform(s) are
the same;
4.4.3 to play in training suits in cold weather, provided that they are of the 4.1.1, 19.2
same colour and design for the whole team (except for the Liberos) and
numbered according to Rule 4.3.3.
18
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
5 TEAM LEADERS
Both the team captain and the coach are responsible for the conduct 20
and discipline of their team members.
5.1 CAPTAIN
5.1.1 PRIOR TO THE MATCH, the team captain signs the score sheet and 7.1, 25.2.1.1
represents his/her team in the toss.
5.1.2 DURING THE MATCH and while on the court, the team captain is the 15.2.1
game captain. When the team captain is not on the court, the coach
or the team captain must assign another player on the court, but not
the Libero, to assume the role of game captain. This game captain
maintains his/her responsibilities until he/she is substituted, or the team
captain returns to play, or the set ends.
When the ball is out of play, only the game captain is authorized to 8.2
speak to the referees:
5.2.1 Throughout the match, the coach conducts the play of his/her team 1.1, 7.3.2,
from outside the playing court. He/she selects the starting line-ups, the 15.4.1, 15.5.2
substitutes, and takes time-outs. In these functions his/her contacting
official is the 2nd referee.
5.2.2 PRIOR TO THE MATCH, the coach records or checks the names and 4.1, 19.1.3,
numbers of his/her players on the score sheet, and then signs it. 25.2.1.1
5.2.3.1 prior to each set, gives the 2nd referee or the scorer the line-up sheet(s) 7.3.2, 7.4, 7.6
duly filled in and signed;
5.2.3.2 sits on the team bench nearest to the scorer, but may leave it; 4.2
5.2.3.4 may, as well as other team members, give instructions to the players 1.3.4, 1.4.5, D2
on the court. The coach may give these instructions while standing or
walking within the free zone in front of his/her team’s bench from the
extension of the attack line up to the warm-up area, without disturbing
or delaying the match.
For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the coach is restricted D1a, D1b, D2
to performing his/her function behind the coach’s restriction line.
5.3.2 Should the coach have to leave his/her team for any reason including 5.1.2, 5.2
sanction, but excluding entering the court as a player, an assistant coach
may assume the coach's functions for the duration of the absence, once
confirmed to the referee by the game captain.
20
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
CHAPTER 3
PLAYING FORMAT
See Rules
6.1.1.1 by successfully grounding the ball on the opponent’s court; 8.3, 10.1.1
6.1.2 Fault
6.1.2.1 if two or more faults are committed successively, only the first one is
counted;
6.1.2.2 if two or more faults are committed by opponents simultaneously, a 6.1.2, D11 (23)
DOUBLE FAULT is called and the rally is replayed.
A rally is the sequence of playing actions from the moment of the 8.1, 8.2,
service hit by the server until the ball is out of play. A completed rally 12.2.2.1,
is the sequence of playing actions which results in the award of a point. 15.2.3,
15.11.1.3,
19.3.2.1,
19.3.2.9
6.1.3.1 If the serving team wins a rally, it scores a point and continues to serve.
6.1.3.2 If the receiving team wins a rally, it scores a point and it must serve next.
A set (except the deciding 5th set) is won by the team which first scores 6.3.2
25 points with a minimum lead of two points. In the case of a 24-24 tie,
play is continued until a two-point lead is achieved (26-24; 27-25; …).
6.3.1 The match is won by the team that wins three sets. 6.2
6.3.2 In the case of a 2-2 tie, the deciding 5th set is played to 15 points with a 7.1
minimum lead of 2 points.
6.4.2 A team that, without justifiable reason, does not appear on the playing
court on time is declared in default with the same result as in Rule 6.4.1.
6.4.3 A team that is declared INCOMPLETE for the set or for the match, loses 6.2, 6.3, 7.3.1
the set or the match. The opponent team is given the points, or the
points and the sets, needed to win the set or the match. The incomplete
team keeps its points and sets.
7 STRUCTURE OF PLAY
7.1.1 The toss is taken in the presence of the two team captains. 5.1
EITHER
OR
7.2.2 If either captain requests separate (consecutive) official warm-ups at the 7.2.1
net, the teams are allowed 3 minutes each or 5 minutes each.
22
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
7.2.3 In the case of consecutive official warm-ups, the team that has the first 7.1.2.1, 7.2.2
service takes the first turn at the net.
The team's starting line-up indicates the rotational order of the players 7.6
on the court. This order must be maintained throughout the set.
7.3.2 Before the start of each set, the coach has to present the starting line-up 5.2.3.1, 24.3.1,
of his/her team on a line-up sheet. The sheet is submitted, duly filled in 25.2.1.2
and signed, to the 2nd referee or the scorer.
7.3.3 The players who are not in the starting line-up of a set are the substitutes 7.3.2, 15.5
for that set (except the Liberos).
7.3.4 Once the line-up sheet has been delivered to the 2nd referee or scorer, no 15.2.2, 15.5,
change in the line-up may be authorized without a regular substitution. D11 (5)
7.3.5 Discrepancies between players’ position on court and on the line-up 24.3.1
sheet are dealt with as follows:
7.3.5.1 when such a discrepancy is discovered before the start of the set, 7.3.2
players' positions must be rectified according to those on the line-up
sheet – there will be no sanction;
7.3.5.2 when, before the start of the set, any player on court is found not to be 7.3.2
registered on the line-up sheet of that set, this player must be changed
to conform to the line-up sheet – there will be no sanction;
7.3.5.3 however, if the coach wishes to keep such non-recorded player(s) on 15.2.2, D11 (5)
the court, he/she has to request regular substitution(s), by use of the
corresponding hand signal, which will then be recorded on the score
sheet.
7.3.5.4 Where a player is found to be on court but he/she is not registered on 6.1.2, 7.3.2
the score sheet list of players, the opponent’s points remain valid, and
in addition they gain a point and service. The team at fault will lose all
points and/or sets (0:25, if necessary) gained from the moment the non-
registered player entered the court, and will have to submit a revised
line-up sheet and send a new registered player into the court, in the
position of the non-registered player.
At the moment the ball is hit by the server, each team must be positioned 7.6.1, 8.1, 12.4
within its own court in the rotational order (except the server).
7.4.1.1 the three players along the net are front-row players and occupy
positions 4 (front-left), 3 (front-centre) and 2 (front-right);
7.4.1.2 the other three are back-row players occupying positions 5 (back-left), 6
(back-centre) and 1 (back-right).
7.4.2.1 each back-row player must be positioned further back from the centre
line than the corresponding front-row player;
7.4.2.2 the front-row players and the back-row players, respectively, must be
positioned laterally in the order indicated in Rule 7.4.1.
7.4.3 The positions of players are determined and controlled according to the D4
positions of their feet contacting the ground as follows:
7.4.3.1 each front-row player must have at least a part of his/her foot closer 1.3.3
to the centre line than the feet of the corresponding back-row player;
7.4.3.2 each right (left) side player must have at least a part of his/her foot 1.3.2
closer to the right (left) sideline than the feet of the centre player in
that row.
7.4.4 After the service hit, the players may move around and occupy any
position on their court and the free zone.
7.5.1 The team commits a positional fault, if any player is not in his/her correct 7.3, 7.4, 15.9
position at the moment the ball is hit by the server. This includes when
a player is on court through illegal substitution.
7.5.2 If the server commits a serving fault at the moment of the service hit, 12.4, 12.7.1
the server's fault is counted before a positional fault.
7.5.3 If the service becomes faulty after the service hit, it is the positional fault 12.7.2
that will be counted.
7.5.4.1 the team is sanctioned with a point and service to the opponent; 6.1.3
24
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
7.6 ROTATION
7.6.1 The rotational order is determined by the team's starting line-up and 7.3.1, 7.4.1,
controlled with the service order and players' positions throughout the 12.2
set.
7.6.2 When the receiving team has gained the right to serve, its players rotate 12.2.2.2
one position clock-wise: the player in position 2 rotates to position 1 to
serve, the player in position 1 rotates to position 6, etc.
7.7.1 A rotational fault is committed when the SERVICE is not made according 7.6.1, 12
to the rotational order. It leads to the following consequences:
7.7.1.1 the team is sanctioned with a point and service to the opponent; 6.1.3
7.7.2 Additionally, the scorer should determine the exact moment when the 25.2.2.2
fault was committed, and all points scored subsequently by the team at
fault must be cancelled. The opponent's points remain valid.
See Rules
8 STATES OF PLAY
8.4.1 the part of the ball which contacts the floor is completely outside the 1.3.2, D11 (15),
boundary lines; D12 (2)
8.4.2 it touches an object outside the court, the ceiling or a person out of D11 (15),
play; D12 (4)
8.4.3 it touches the antennae, ropes, posts or the net itself outside the side 2.3, D3, D5a,
bands; D11 (15),
D12 (4)
8.4.4 it crosses the vertical plane of the net either partially or totally outside 2.3, D5a, D5b,
the crossing space, except in the case of Rule 10.1.2; D11 (15),
D12 (4)
8.4.5 it crosses completely the lower space under the net. 23.3.2.3f, D5a,
D11 (22)
26
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
(except Rule 10.1.2). The ball may, however, be retrieved from beyond
the free zone.
A player may not hit the ball two times consecutively 9.2.3, 14.2,
14.4.2
(except Rules 9.2.3, 14.2 and 14.4.2).
Two or three players may touch the ball at the same moment.
9.1.2.1 When two (or three) team-mates touch the ball simultaneously, it is
counted as two (or three) hits (with the exception of blocking). If they
reach for the ball, but only one of them touches it, one hit is counted. A
collision of players does not constitute a fault.
9.1.2.2 When two opponents touch the ball simultaneously over the net and
the ball remains in play, the team receiving the ball is entitled to another
three hits. If such a ball goes “out”, it is the fault of the team on the
opposite side.
9.1.2.3 If simultaneous hits by two opponents over the net lead to an extended 9.1.2.2
contact with the ball, play continues.
Within the playing area, a player is not permitted to take support from a 1
team-mate or any structure/object in order to hit the ball.
However, a player who is about to commit a fault (touch the net or 1.3.3, 11.4.4
cross the centre line, etc.) may be stopped or held back by a team-mate.
9.2.2 The ball must not be caught and/or thrown. It can rebound in any 9.3.3
direction.
Exceptions:
9.2.3.1 at blocking, consecutive contacts may be made by one or more player(s), 14.1.1, 14.2
provided that the contacts occur during one action;
9.2.3.2 at the first hit of the team (except 9.2.4), the ball may contact various 9.1, 14.4.1
parts of the body consecutively, provided that the contacts occur during
one action.
9.2.4 It is a fault, during the reception of service, to make a double contact or 9.2.3.2
catch using an overhand finger action.
9.3.2 ASSISTED HIT: a player takes support from a team-mate or any structure/ 9.1.3
object in order to hit the ball within the playing area.
9.3.3 CATCH: the ball is caught and/or thrown; it does not rebound from 9.2.2, D11 (16)
the hit.
9.3.4 DOUBLE CONTACT: a player hits the ball twice in succession or the ball 9.2.3, D11 (17)
contacts various parts of his/her body in succession.
10.1.1.2 at the sides, by the antennae, and their imaginary extension; 2.4
10.1.2 The ball that has crossed the net plane to the opponent's free zone 9.1, D5b
totally or partly through the external space, may be played back within
the team hits, provided that:
10.1.2.2 the ball, when played back, crosses the net plane again totally or partly 11.4.4, D5b
through the external space on the same side of the court.
28
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
10.1.3 The ball that is heading towards the opponent’s court through the lower 23.3.2.3f, D5a,
space is in play until the moment it has completely crossed the vertical D11 (22)
plane of the net.
10.3.2 If the ball rips the mesh of the net or tears it down, the rally is cancelled
and replayed.
11.1.2 After an attack hit, a player is permitted to pass his/her hand beyond
the net, provided that the contact has been made within his/her own
playing space.
11.2.2 Penetration into the opponent's court, beyond the centre line: 1.3.3, 11.2.2.1,
D11 (22)
11.2.2.1 to touch the opponent's court with a foot (feet) is permitted, provided 1.3.3, D11 (22)
that some part of the penetrating foot (feet) remains either in contact
with or directly above the centre line;
11.2.2.2 to touch the opponent’s court with any part of the body above the feet 1.3.3, 11.2.2.1,
is permitted provided that it does not interfere with the opponent’s play. D11 (22)
11.2.3 A player may enter the opponent's court after the ball goes out of play. 8.2
11.2.4 Players may penetrate into the opponent's free zone provided that they
do not interfere with the opponent’s play.
11.3.3 When the ball is driven into the net, causing it to touch an opponent,
no fault is committed.
11.4.2 A player interferes with the opponent's play while penetrating into the 11.2.1
opponent’s space under the net.
11.4.3 A player’s foot (feet) penetrates completely into the opponent's court. 11.2.2.2,
D11 (22)
11.4.4 A player interferes with the opponent’s play by (amongst others):
– touching the top band of the net or the top 80 cm of the antenna 11.3.1
during his/her action of playing the ball, or
– taking support from the net simultaneously with playing the ball, or D11 (19)
12 SERVICE
The service is the act of putting the ball into play, by the back-right 1.4.2, 8.1,
player, placed in the service zone. 12.4.1
12.1.2 The other sets will be started with the service of the team that did not
serve first in the previous set.
30
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
12.2.2 After the first service in a set, the player to serve is determined as 12.1
follows:
12.2.2.1 when the serving team wins the rally, the player (or his/her substitute) 6.1.3, 15.5
who served before, serves again;
12.2.2.2 when the receiving team wins the rally, it gains the right to serve and 6.1.3, 7.6.2
rotates before actually serving. The player who moves from the front-
right position to the back-right position will serve.
12.4.1 The ball shall be hit with one hand or any part of the arm after being
tossed or released from the hand(s).
12.4.2 Only one toss or release of the ball is allowed. Dribbling or moving the
ball in the hands is permitted.
12.4.3 At the moment of the service hit or take-off for a jump service, the 1.4.2, 27.2.1.4,
server must not touch the court (the end line included) or the floor D11 (22),
outside the service zone. D12 (4)
After the hit, he/she may step or land outside the service zone, or inside
the court.
12.4.4 The server must hit the ball within 8 seconds after the 1st referee whistles 12.3, D11 (11)
for service.
12.4.5 A service executed before the referee's whistle is cancelled and repeated. 12.3
13 ATTACK HIT
13.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK HIT 12, 14.1.1
13.1.1 All actions which direct the ball towards the opponent, with the
exception of service and block, are considered as attack hits.
13.1.2 During an attack hit, tipping is permitted only if the ball is cleanly hit, 9.2.2
and not caught or thrown.
13.1.3 An attack hit is completed at the moment the ball completely crosses
the vertical plane of the net or is touched by an opponent.
32
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
13.2.3 A back-row player may also complete an attack hit from the front zone, 1.4.1, 7.4.1.2,
if at the moment of the contact a part of the ball is lower than the top D8
of the net.
13.2.4 No player is permitted to complete an attack hit on the OPPONENT’S 1.4.1
service, when the ball is in the front zone and entirely higher than the
top of the net.
14 BLOCK
14.1 BLOCKING
14.1.1 Blocking is the action of players close to the net to intercept the ball 7.4.1.1
coming from the opponent by reaching higher than the top of the net,
regardless of the height of the ball contact. Only front-row players are
permitted to complete a block, but at the moment of the contact with
the ball, a part of the body must be higher than the top of the net.
14.1.2 Block attempt
A block attempt is the action of blocking without touching the ball.
14.1.3 Completed block
A block is completed whenever the ball is touched by a blocker. D7
14.1.4 Collective block
A collective block is executed by two or three players close to each other
and is completed when one of them touches the ball.
34
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
CHAPTER 5
INTERRUPTIONS, DELAYS AND INTERVALS
See Rules
15 INTERRUPTIONS
An interruption is the time between one completed rally and the 1st 6.1.3, 8.1, 8.2,
referee’s whistle for the next service. 15.4, 15.5,
24.2.6
The only regular game interruptions are TIME-OUTS and
SUBSTITUTIONS.
15.2.2 However, a team is not authorized to make consecutive requests for 15.5, 15.6.1
substitution during the same interruption. Two or more players may be
substituted at the same time within the same request.
15.2.3 There must be a completed rally between two separate substitution 6.1.3, 15.5
requests by the same team.
15.3.2 Substitution before the start of a set is permitted, and should be 7.3.4
recorded as a regular substitution in that set.
15.4.2 For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, in sets 1-4, two 26.2.2.3
additional 60-second “Technical Time-Outs” are applied
automatically when the leading team reaches the 8 th and 16th
point.
15.4.3 In the deciding (5th) set, there are no “Technical Time- Outs”; only 15.1
two time-outs of 30 seconds duration may be requested by each
team.
15.4.4 During all time-outs, the players in play must go to the free zone D1a
near their bench.
15.5 SUBSTITUTION
15.5.1 A substitution is the act by which a player, other than the Libero or his/ 19.3.2.1,
her replacement player, after being recorded by the scorer, enters the D11 (5)
game to occupy the position of another player, who must leave the
court at that moment.
15.5.2 When the substitution is enforced through injury to a player in play 5.1.2.3,
this may be accompanied by the coach (or game captain) showing the 5.2.3.3, 8.2,
corresponding hand signal. 12.3, D11 (5)
15.6.2 A substitute player may enter the game in place of a player of the 7.3.1
starting line-up, but only once per set, and he/she can only be
substituted by the same starting player.
36
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
15.9.2 When a team has made an illegal substitution and the play has been 8.1, 15.6
resumed the following procedure shall apply, in sequence:
15.9.2.1 the team is penalized with a point and service to the opponent, 6.1.3
15.9.2.3 the points scored by the team at fault since the fault was committed
are cancelled; the opponent’s points remain valid.
15.10.2 A substitution shall only last the time needed for recording the 15.10, 24.2.6,
substitution on the score sheet, and allowing entry and exit of the 25.2.2.3
players.
15.10.3a The actual request for substitution starts at the moment of the
entrance of the substitute player(s) into the substitution zone, ready
to play, during an interruption. The coach does not need to make a
substitution hand signal except if the substitution is for injury or before
the start of the set.
15.10.3b If the player is not ready, the substitution is not granted and the team 16.2, D9
is sanctioned for a delay.
15.10.3c The request for substitution is acknowledged and announced by the 24.2.6
scorer or 2nd referee, by use of the buzzer or whistle respectively. The
2nd referee authorises the substitution.
15.11.1.1 during a rally or at the moment of or after the whistle to serve, 12.3
15.11.1.3 for a second substitution by the same team during the same 15.2.2, 15.2.3,
interruption, except in the case of injury/illness of a player in play. 16.1, 25.2.2.6
15.11.1.4 after having exhausted the authorized number of time-outs and 15.1
substitutions.
15.11.2 The first improper request by a team in the match that does not affect 16.1, 25.2.2.6
or delay the game shall be rejected, but it must be recorded on the
score sheet without any other consequences.
15.11.3 Any further improper request in the match by the same team constitutes 16.1.4
a delay.
16 GAME DELAYS
38
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
16.2.1.1 Delay sanctions remain in force for the entire match. 6.3
16.2.1.2 All delay sanctions are recorded on the score sheet. 25.2.2.6
16.2.2 The first delay in the match by a team member is sanctioned with a 4.1.1, D11 (25)
“DELAY WARNING”.
16.2.3 The second and subsequent delays of any type by any member of the 6.1.3, D11 (25)
same team in the same match constitute a fault and are sanctioned
with a “DELAY PENALTY”: a point and service to the opponent.
16.2.4 Delay sanctions imposed before or between sets are applied in the 18.1
following set.
17.1.1 Should a serious accident occur while the ball is in play, the referee
must stop the game immediately and permit medical assistance to
enter the court.
17.1.2 If an injured/ill player cannot be substituted legally or exceptionally, the 15.6, 15.7,
player is given a 3-minute recovery time, but not more than once for the 24.2.8
same player in the match.
If the player does not recover, his/her team is declared incomplete. 6.4.3, 7.3.1
17.3.2 Should one or several interruptions occur, not exceeding 4 hours in 17.3.1
total:
17.3.2.1 if the match is resumed on the same playing court, the interrupted set 1, 7.3
shall continue normally with the same score, players (except expelled
or disqualified ones) and positions. The sets already played will keep
their scores;
18.1 INTERVALS
An interval is the time between sets. All intervals last three minutes. 4.2.4
During this period of time, the change of courts and line-up registrations 7.3.2, 18.2,
of the teams on the score sheet are made. 25.2.1.2
The interval between the second and the third set can be extended up
to 10 minutes by the competent body at the request of the organizer.
18.2.1 After each set, the teams change courts, with the exception of the 7.1
deciding set.
18.2.2 In the deciding set, once the leading team reaches 8 points, the teams 6.3.2, 7.4.1,
change courts without delay and the player positions remain the same. 25.2.2.5
If the change is not made once the leading team reaches 8 points, it
will take place as soon as the error is noticed. The score at the time that
the change is made remains the same.
40
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
CHAPTER 6
THE LIBERO PLAYER
See Rules
19.1.1 Each team has the right to designate from the list of players on the 4.1.1
score sheet up to two specialist defensive players: Liberos.
19.1.2 All Liberos must be recorded on the score sheet in the special lines 5.2.2, 25.2.1.1,
reserved for this. 26.2.1.1
19.1.3 The Libero on court is the Acting Libero. If there is another Libero, he/
she is the second Libero for the team.
The Libero player(s) must wear a uniform (OR JACKET/BIB FOR THE RE-
DESIGNATED Libero) which has a different dominant colour from any
colour of the rest of the team. The uniform must clearly contrast with
the rest of the team.
The Libero uniforms must be numbered like the rest of the team.
19.3.1.1 The Libero is allowed to replace any player in a back row position. 7.4.1.2
19.3.1.2 He/she is restricted to perform as a back row player and is not allowed 13.2.2, 13.2.3,
to complete an attack hit from anywhere (including playing court and 13.3.5
free zone) if at the moment of the contact the ball is entirely higher
than the top of the net.
19.3.1.3 He/she may not serve, block or attempt to block. 12.4.1, 14.6.2,
14.6.6, D11 (12)
They are unlimited but there must be a completed rally between two
Libero replacements (unless a penalty causes the team to rotate and
the Libero to move to position four, or the Acting Libero becomes
unable to play, making the rally incomplete.)
19.3.2.3 At the start of each set, the Libero cannot enter the court until the 2 nd 7.3.2, 12.1
referee has checked the line-up and authorised a Libero replacement
with a starting player.
19.3.2.4 Other Libero replacements must only take place while the ball is out of 8.2, 12.3
play and before the whistle for service.
19.3.2.5 A Libero replacement made after the whistle for service but before the 12.3, 12.4, D9
service hit should not be rejected; however, at the end of the rally, the
game captain must be informed that this is not a permitted procedure,
and that repetition will be subject to delay sanctions.
19.3.2.6 Subsequent late Libero replacements shall result in the play being 16.2, D9
interrupted immediately, and the imposition of a delay sanction. The
team to serve next will be determined by the level of the delay sanction.
19.3.2.7 The Libero and the replacing player may only enter or leave the court 1.4.4, D1b
through the Libero Replacement Zone.
19.3.2.8 Libero replacements must be recorded in the Libero Control Sheet (if 26.2.2.1,
one is used) or on the electronic score sheet. 26.2.2.2
19.3.2.9 An illegal Libero replacement can involve (amongst others)
42
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
should the illegal Libero replacement be noticed after the service hit, 15.9
the consequences are the same as for an illegal substitution.
19.4.2.1 When only one Libero is available for a team according to Rule 19.4.1, 19.4, 19.4.1
or the team has only one registered, and this Libero becomes or is
declared unable to play, the coach (or game captain if no coach is
present) may re-designate as Libero for the remainder of the match
any other player (replacement player excepted) not on the court at the
moment of the re-designation.
19.4.2.2 If the Acting Libero becomes unable to play, he/she may be replaced by
the regular replacement player or immediately and directly to court
by a re-designated Libero. However, a Libero who is the subject of a
re-designation may not play for the remainder of the match.
If the Libero is not on court when declared unable to play, he/she may
also be the subject of a re-designation. The Libero declared unable to
play may not play for the remainder of the match.
19.4.2.3 The coach, or game captain if no coach is present, contacts the second 5.1.2.1, 5.2.1
referee informing him/her about the re-designation.
19.4.2.5 If the coach requests the team captain to be re-designated as the new 5.1.2, 19.4.1
Libero, this will be permitted – but the team captain must in this case
relinquish all leadership privileges.
19.4.2.6 In the case of a re-designated Libero, the number of the player re- 25.2.2.7,
designated as Libero must be recorded on the score sheet remarks 26.2.2.1
section and on the Libero control sheet (or electronic score sheet if
one is used.)
19.4.3.1 Where a team has registered on the score sheet two Liberos, but one 4.1.1, 19.1.1
becomes unable to play the team has the right to play with only one
Libero.
44
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
CHAPTER 7
PARTICIPANTS’ CONDUCT
See Rules
20 REQUIREMENTS OF CONDUCT
In case of doubt, clarification may be requested only through the game 5.1.2.1
captain.
20.2.2 Communication between team members during the match is permitted. 5.2.3.4
The first rude conduct in the match by any team member is penalized 4.1.1, 21.2.1
with a point and service to the opponent.
21.3.2.1 A team member who is sanctioned by expulsion shall not play for the 1.4.6, 4.1.1,
rest of the set, must be substituted legally and immediately if on court 5.2.1, 5.3.2,
and must remain seated in the penalty area with no other consequences. D1a, D1b
An expelled coach loses his/her right to intervene in the set and must 5.2.3.3
remain seated in the penalty area.
21.3.2.2 The first offensive conduct by a team member is sanctioned by expulsion 4.1.1, 21.2.2
with no other consequences.
21.3.2.3 The second rude conduct in the same match by the same team member 4.1.1, 21.2.1
is sanctioned by expulsion with no other consequences.
21.3.3.2 The first physical attack or implied or threatened aggression is sanctioned 21.2.3
by disqualification with no other consequences.
21.3.3.3 The second offensive conduct in the same match by the same team 4.1.1, 21.2.2
member is sanctioned by disqualification with no other consequences.
46
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
21.3.3.4 The third rude conduct in the same match by the same team member is 4.1.1, 21.2.1
sanctioned by disqualification with no other consequences.
21.4.2 The repetition of misconduct by the same team member in the same 4.1.1, 21.2,
match is sanctioned progressively (the team member receives a heavier 21.3, D9
sanction for each successive offence).
48
PART 2 - SECTION 2: THE REFEREES, THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES AND OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS
CHAPTER 8
REFEREES
See Rules
22.1 COMPOSITION
The refereeing corps for a match is composed of the following officials:
– the scorer, 25
22.2 PROCEDURES
22.2.1 Only the 1st and 2nd referees may blow a whistle during the match:
22.2.1.1 the 1st referee gives the signal for the service that begins the rally; 6.1.3, 12.3
22.2.1.2 the 1 or 2 referee signals the end of the rally, provided that they
st nd
are sure that a fault has been committed and they have identified its
nature.
22.2.2 They may blow the whistle when the ball is out of play to indicate that 5.1.2, 8.2
they authorize or reject a team request.
22.2.3 Immediately after the referee’s whistle to signal the completion of the 22.2.1.2, 28.1
rally, they have to indicate with the official hand signals:
22.2.3.1 if the fault is whistled by the 1st referee, he/she will indicate in order:
The 2nd referee will follow the 1st referee’s hand signals by repeating
them.
c) the team to serve following the hand signal of the 1 st referee. 12.2.2
In this case, the 1 referee does not show either the nature of the fault
st
D11 (2)
or the player at fault, but only the team to serve.
22.2.3.3 In the case of an attack hit fault by back row or Libero players, both 12.2.2, 13.3.3,
referees indicate according to 22.2.3.1 and 22.2.3.2 above. 13.3.5,
19.3.1.2,
23.3.2.3d, e,
D11 (21)
22.2.3.4 In the case of a double fault both referees indicate in order:
c) the team to serve as directed by the 1st referee. 12.2.2, D11 (2)
23 1st REFEREE
23.1 LOCATION
The 1st referee carries out his/her functions standing on a referee's D1a, D1b, D10
stand located at one end of the net on the opposite side to the scorer.
His/her view must be approximately 50 cm above the net.
23.2 AUTHORITY
23.2.1 The 1st referee directs the match from the start until the end. He/ 4.1.1, 6.3
she has authority over all members of the refereeing corps and the
members of the teams.
He/she may even replace a member of the refereeing corps who is not
performing his/her functions properly.
23.2.2 He/she also controls the work of the ball retrievers, floor wipers and 3.3
moppers.
23.2.3 He/she has the power to decide any matters involving the game,
including those not provided for in the rules.
23.2.4 He/she shall not permit any discussion about his/her decisions. 20.1.2
50
PART 2 - SECTION 2: THE REFEREES, THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES AND OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS
However, at the request of the game captain, the 1 st referee will give 5.1.2.1
an explanation on the application or interpretation of the rules upon
which he/she has based the decision.
If the game captain does not agree with this explanation and chooses 5.1.2.1,
to protest against such decision, he/she must immediately reserve the 5.1.3.2,
right to file and record this protest at the conclusion of the match. The 25.2.3.2
1st referee must authorize this right of the game captain.
23.2.5 The 1st referee is responsible for determining before and during the Chapter 1,
match whether the playing area equipment and the conditions meet 23.3.1.1
playing requirements.
23.3 RESPONSIBILITIES
23.3.1 Prior to the match, the 1st referee:
23.3.1.1 inspects the conditions of the playing area, the balls and other Chapter 1,
equipment; 23.2.5
a) the faults of the server and of the positions of the serving team, 7.5, 12.4, 12.5,
including the screen; 12.7.1, D4, D6,
D11 (12,13)
b) the faults in playing the ball; 9.3,
D11 (16, 17)
c) the faults above the net, and the faulty contact of the player with the 11.3.1,11.4.1,
net, primarily on the attacker’s side; 11.4.4,
D11 (20)
d) the attack hit faults of the Libero and back-row players; 13.3.3, 13.3.5,
24.3.2.4, D8,
D11 (21)
e) the completed attack hits made by a player on a ball above net 1.4.1, 13.3.6,
height coming from an overhand pass with fingers by the Libero in his/ 24.3.2.4,
her front zone; D11 (21)
f) the ball crossing completely the lower space under the net; 8.4.5, 24.3.2.7,
D5a, D11 (22)
23.3.3 At the end of the match, he/she checks the score sheet and signs it. 24.3.3,
25.2.3.3
24 2nd REFEREE
24.1 LOCATION
The 2nd referee performs his/her functions standing outside the playing D1a, D1b, D10
court near the post, on the opposite side of and facing the 1 st referee.
24.2 AUTHORITY
24.2.1 The 2nd referee is the assistant of the 1st referee, but has also his/her 24.3
own range of jurisdiction.
Should the 1st referee become unable to continue his/her work, the 2nd
referee may replace him/her.
24.2.2 He/she may, without whistling, also signal faults outside his/her range 24.3
of jurisdiction, but may not insist on them to the 1 st referee.
24.2.4 He/she supervises the team members on the team bench and reports 4.2.1
their misconduct to the 1st referee.
24.2.6 He/she authorizes the regular game interruptions, controls their 15, 15.11,
duration and rejects improper requests. 25.2.2.3
24.2.7 He/she controls the number of time-outs and substitutions used by 15.1, 25.2.2.3
each team and reports the 2nd time-out and 5th and 6th substitutions to
the 1st referee and the coach concerned.
24.2.8 In the case of an injury of a player, he/she authorizes an exceptional 15.7, 17.1.2
substitution or grants a 3-minute recovery time.
24.2.9 He/she checks the floor condition, mainly in the front zone. He/she 1.2.1, 3
also checks, during the match, that the balls still fulfil the regulations.
24.2.10 He/she supervises the team members in the penalty areas and reports 1.4.6, 21.3.2
their misconduct to the 1st referee.
52
PART 2 - SECTION 2: THE REFEREES, THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES AND OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS
24.3 RESPONSIBILITIES
24.3.1 At the start of each set, at the change of courts in the deciding set and 5.2.3.1, 7.3.2,
whenever necessary, the 2nd referee checks that the actual positions 7.3.5, 18.2.2
of the players on the court correspond to those on the line-up sheets.
24.3.2.1 penetration into the opponent's court, and the space under the net; 1.3.3, 11.2,
D5a, D11 (22)
24.3.2.2 positional faults of the receiving team; 7.5, D4,
D11 (13)
24.3.2.3 the faulty contact of the player with the net primarily on the blocker’s 11.3.1
side and with the antenna on his/her side of the court;
24.3.2.4 the completed block by back row players or the attempted block by 13.3.3, 14.6.2,
the Libero; or the attack hit fault by back row players or by the Libero; 14.6.6,
23.3.2.3d, e, g,
D11 (12, 21)
24.3.2.5 the contact of the ball with an outside object; 8.4.2, 8.4.3,
D11 (15)
24.3.2.6 the contact of the ball with the floor when the 1 st referee is not in 8.3
position to see the contact;
24.3.2.7 the ball that crosses the net totally or partly outside of the crossing 8.4.3, 8.4.4,
space to the opponent’s court or contacts the antenna on his/her side D5a, D11 (15)
of the court.
24.3.3 At the end of the match, he/she checks and signs the score sheet. 23.3.3,
25.2.3.3
25 SCORER
25.1 LOCATION
The scorer performs his/her functions seated at the scorer's table on D1a, D1b, D10
the opposite side of the court from and facing the 1 st referee.
25.2 RESPONSIBILITIES
He/she keeps the score sheet according to the rules, co-operating with
the 2nd referee.
25.2.1.1 registers the data of the match and teams, including the names and 4.1, 5.1.1,
numbers of the Liberos, according to the procedures in force, and 5.2.2, 7.3.2,
obtains the signatures of the captains and the coaches; 19.1.2,
19.4.2.6
25.2.2.3 is empowered to acknowledge and announce requests for player 15.1, 15.4.1,
substitutions by use of the buzzer, controlling their number, and 15.10.3c,
records the substitutions and time-outs, informing the 2nd referee; 24.2.6, 24.2.7
25.2.2.4 notifies the referees of a request for regular game interruption that is 15.11
out of order;
25.2.2.5 announces to the referees the ends of the sets, and the scoring of the 6.2, 15.4.1,
8th point in the deciding set; 18.2.2
25.2.2.6 records misconduct warnings, sanctions and improper requests; 15.11.3, 16.2,
21.3
25.2.2.7 records all other events as instructed by the 2nd referee, i.e. exceptional 15.7, 17.1.2,
substitutions, recovery time, prolonged interruptions, external 17.2, 17.3,
interference, re-designation, etc.; 19.4
25.2.3.3 signs the score sheet him/herself, before obtaining the signatures of 5.1.3.1, 23.3.3,
the team captains and then the referees. 24.3.3
26 ASSISTANT SCORER
54
PART 2 - SECTION 2: THE REFEREES, THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES AND OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS
26.2.2.2 notifies the referees of any fault of the Libero replacement, by using 19.3.2
the buzzer;
26.2.2.6 if necessary, updates the reserve score sheet and gives it to the scorer. 25.2.1.1
26.2.3.1 signs the Libero control sheet and submits it for checking;
27 LINE JUDGES
27.1 LOCATION
If only two line judges are used, they stand at the corners of the court D1a, D1b, D10
closest to the right hand of each referee, diagonally at 1 to 2 m from
the corner.
Each one of them controls both the end line and side line on his/her
side.
They stand in the free zone at 1 to 3 m from each corner of the D10
court, on the imaginary extension of the line that they control.
27.2.1.1 the ball ”in” and “out” whenever the ball lands near their line(s); 8.3, 8.4,
D12 (1, 2)
27.2.1.2 the touches of "out" balls by the team receiving the ball; 8.4, D12 (3)
27.2.1.3 the ball touching the antenna, the served ball and the third hit of the 8.4.3, 8.4.4,
team crossing the net outside the crossing space, etc.; 10.1.1, D5a,
D12 (4)
27.2.1.4 any player (except the server) stepping outside of his/her court at the 7.4, 12.4.3,
moment of the service hit; D12 (4)
27.2.1.6 any contact with the top 80 cm of the antenna on their side of the court 11.3.1, 11.4.4,
by any player during his/her action of playing the ball or interfering D3, D12 (4)
with the play;
27.2.1.7 the ball crossing the net outside the crossing space into the opponent's 10.1.1, D5a,
court or touching the antenna on his/her side of the court. D12 (4)
27.2.2 At the 1st referee's request, a line judge must repeat his/her signal.
28 OFFICIAL SIGNALS
The referees must indicate with the official hand signal the reason for
their whistle (the nature of the fault whistled or the purpose of the
interruption authorized). The signal has to be maintained for a moment
and, if it is indicated with one hand, the hand corresponds to the side
of the team which has made the fault or the request.
The line judges must indicate with the official flag signal the nature of
the fault called, and maintain the signal for a moment.
56
PART 2
SECTION 3:
DIAGRAMS
Delimitation fence
2m
Control Area VIS Control Area
Photographers' positions Photographers' positions Photographers' positions Photographers' positions
Advertising Boards
Photographers' positions
3 m to 5 m
Photographers' positions
Control Area
Microphone
1.75 m
& replay Light
6m 3m
Team Statistician
1m
Other Material needed
C.5 in the competition area
(F.L.)
• Hygrometer
• Thermometer
• Clock or Chronograph
•
21.50 m to 25.50 m
Manual scoreboard
• 2 rubber wheel trolleys
• Net measuring rod
VIS
VIS
6 x 1 m long mops
9m
• 8 absorbent towels
• 4 Linesmen's red or yellow flags
(40 x 40 cm)
• Pressure gauge
• Ball measuring devices (weight &
circumference)
• TV Replay light
• 1 set of post pads
• 1 reserve net
Team Statistician
Photographers' positions
• 1 pair of reserve antenaes
Photographers' positions
Net Camera
3 m to 5 m
Coach’s restriction line Official Scorers Coach’s restriction line
Free Zone
Protection Fence Ball Retriever
Court Announcers
Quick Moppers Medical Services
Ball Retriever Scoreboard VIS Operators
Buzzer Head Coach
Cameraman Ball Retriever
Head Coach Buzzer
Cableman Assistant Coach
Players Bench Assistant Coach Players Bench
1.50 m
Moppers
1.50 m
4.50 m
Numbered Cards Control Area
Numbered Cards
3m
Match Balls
Uniforms
Penalty Uniforms Trolley Penalty Warm-Up Area
Ball Trolley Trolley Ball Trolley
Area Organiser Host T.V. Area
9m
Service zone
Free zone
3-8m
3 x 3m
3-5m
Libero replacement zone
Back zone
COURT
team bench
0.50 m-1 m
Front zone
Substitution zone
Scorer's table
24 - 34 m
Playing court
Free zone
A
Front zone
1.75 m 1.75 m
Libero replacement zone
team bench
Back zone
COURT
3-5m
3 x 3m
3-8m
Free zone
9m
Service zone
warm-up area
15 - 19 m
0.05 m
18 m
9m 9m
End line
1,75 m
0.05 m
3m 3m
0.05 m
Side line
Back zone
axis of the centre line
Back zone
0.15 m
Lines of the service zone
0.20 m
3m 0.15 m
Coach’s Restriction Line 0.20 m
1.75 m 0.15 m
0.20 m
0.15 m
0.20 m
0.15 m
0.20 m
0.15 m
0.20 m
0.15 m
0.20 m
0.15 m
9m
of the attack line
0.15 m
0.20 m
Lines should be 17 in all. How to measure the Front zone 0.15 m
Each line should be15cm long 0.20 m
with 20cm gap in
between lines. Front zone Front zone
0.05 m
0.05 m
Side line 0.05 m 0.05 m 0.05 m 0.05 m
0.05 m
0.05 m
1,75 m
End line Attack line Centre line Attack line End line
0.80 m 9m
Cable
0.07 m
Cord 2.43 m
Men
1m
2.24 m
Women
2.55 m
0.05 m
Cord
9.50 - 10 m
0.50 m / 1 m
Axis
0.01 m
Top band
0.10 m
Cable
0.07 m
Cord
0.10
x
0.10 m
Side band
0.05 m
Example A:
Front-row player
Front-row player Front-row player
Back-row player
Back-row player Back-row player
Example B:
C
C (C) R (D) CCC
(C) R (D)
L (G)
L (G)
Correct Fault
R (D)
C
C (C)
CC
(C)
Fault L (G)
62
PART 2 - SECTION 3: DIAGRAMS
DIAGRAM 5a: BALL CROSSING THE VERTICAL PLANE OF THE NET TO THE OPPONENT COURT
Relevant Rules: 2.4, 8.4.3, 8.4.4, 8.4.5, 10.1.1, 10.1.3, 24.3.2.7, 27.2.1.3, 27.2.1.7
Lower space
= Fault
= Correct crossing
64
PART 2 - SECTION 3: DIAGRAMS
= Correct = Fault
Ball above the net Ball lower than Ball touches the net Ball bounces off the net
the top of the net
A B
C
Net
Front Zone
Attack Line
C
A B
A = Correct
B, C = Fault
B
A
Net
A = Correct
B = Fault
66
PART 2 - SECTION 3: DIAGRAMS
AGGRESSION First Any member Disqualification Red + Yellow Player leaves the
separately Competition-Control
Area for the remainder of
the match
Second and Any member Delay Penalty Hand signal A point and service to the
subsequent of the team No. 25 with opponent
Red card
2 1
1 L
1
L
2
S/AS
3 R2 R1 6
L
2
3
L
4 5
R1 = First Referee
R2 = Second Referee
S/ AS = Scorer/Assistant Scorer
2 = Lines Judges (numbers 1-4 or 1-2)
68
PART 2 - SECTION 3: DIAGRAMS
1 AUTHORISATION TO SERVE
Relevant Rules: 12.3, 22.2.1.1
2 TEAM TO SERVE
Relevant Rules: 22.2.3.1, 22.2.3.2, 22.2.3.4
FS
3 CHANGE OF COURTS
Relevant Rule: 18.2
4 TIME-OUT
Relevant Rule: 15.4.1
FS
FS
6a MISCONDUCT WARNING
Relevant Rule: 21.1, 21.6
6b MISCONDUCT PENALTY
Relevant Rules: 21.3.1, 21.6, 23.3.2.2
7 EXPULSION
Relevant Rules: 21.3.2, 21.6, 23.3.2.2
70
PART 2 - SECTION 3: DIAGRAMS
8 DISQUALIFICATION
Relevant Rules: 21.3.3, 21.6, 23.3.2.2
FS
11 DELAY IN SERVICE
Relevant Rule: 12.4.4
FS
FS
14 BALL “IN”
Relevant Rule: 8.3
FS
15 BALL “OUT”
Relevant Rules: 8.4.1, 8.4.2, 8.4.3, 8.4.4, 24.3.2.5, 24.3.2.7
FS
72
PART 2 - SECTION 3: DIAGRAMS
16 CATCH
Relevant Rules: 9.2.2, 9.3.3, 23.3.2.3b
17 DOUBLE CONTACT
Relevant Rules: 9.3.4, 23.3.2.3b
18 FOUR HITS
Relevant Rules: 9.3.1, 23.3.2.3b
FS
19 NET TOUCHED BY PLAYER - SERVED BALL FAILS TO PASS TO THE OPPONENT THROUGH CROSSING SPACE
Relevant Rules: 11.4.4, 12.6.2.1
FS
FS
FS
74
PART 2 - SECTION 3: DIAGRAMS
24 BALL TOUCHED
Relevant Rules: 23.3.2.3b, 24.2.2
FS
1 BALL “IN”
Relevant Rule: 8.3, 27.2.1.1
2 BALL “OUT”
Relevant Rules: 8.4.1, 27.2.1.1
3 BALL TOUCHED
Relevant Rule: 27.2.1.2
4 CROSSING SPACE FAULTS, BALL TOUCHED AN OUTSIDE OBJECT, OR FOOT FAULT BY ANY PLAYER DURING SERVICE
Relevant Rules: 8.4.2, 8.4.3, 8.4.4, 12.4.3, 27.2.1.3,
27.2.1.4, 27.2.1.6, 27.2.1.7
76
PART 2 - SECTION 3: DIAGRAMS
5 JUDGEMENT IMPOSSIBLE
78
PART 3: DEFINITIONS
ZONES
These are sections within the playing area (i.e. playing court and free zone) as defined for a specific
purpose (or with special restrictions) within the rule text. These include: Front Zone, Service Zone,
Substitution Zone, Free Zone, Back Zone, and Libero Replacement Zone.
AREAS
These are sections of the floor OUTSIDE the free zone, identified by the rules as having a specific
function. These include: warm-up area and penalty area.
LOWER SPACE
This is the space defined at its upper part by the bottom of the net and the cord joining it to the
posts, at the sides by the posts, and the bottom by the playing surface.
CROSSING SPACE
The crossing space is defined by:
The ball must cross to the opponent’s COURT through the crossing space.
EXTERNAL SPACE
The external space is in the vertical plane of the net outside of the crossing and lower spaces.
SUBSTITUTION ZONE
This is the part of the free zone through which substitutions are carried out.
FIVB STANDARDS
The technical specifications or limits as defined by FIVB to the manufacturers of equipment.
PENALTY AREA
In each half of the competition/control area, there is a Penalty Area located behind the prolongation
of the end line, outside the free zone, which should be placed a minimum of 1.5 metres behind
the rear edge of the bench.
DRIBBLING
Dribbling means bouncing the ball (usually as a preparation to tossing and serving). Other
preparatory actions could include (amongst others) moving the ball from hand to hand.
TECHNICAL TIME-OUT
This special mandatory time-out is, in addition to time-outs, to allow the promotion of Volleyball,
analysis of the play and to allow additional commercial opportunities. Technical Time-Outs are
mandatory for FIVB, World and Official competitions.
BALL RETRIEVERS
These are personnel whose job it is to maintain the flow of the game by rolling the ball to the
server between rallies.
RALLY POINT
This is the system of scoring a point whenever a rally is won.
INTERVAL
The time between sets. The change of courts in the 5th (deciding) set is not to be regarded as an interval.
RE-DESIGNATION
This is the act by which a Libero, who cannot continue or is declared by the team “unable to play”,
has his/her role taken by any other player (except the regular replacement player) not on the court
at the moment of the re-designation.
REPLACEMENT
This is the act by which a regular player leaves the court and either Libero (if more than one) takes
his/her place. This can even include Libero for Libero exchanges. The regular player can then replace
either Libero. There must be a completed rally between replacements involving any Libero.
INTERFERING
Any action which will create an advantage against the opponent team or any action which prevents
an opponent from playing the ball.
OUTSIDE OBJECT
An object or a person which while outside the playing court or close to the limit of the free playing
space provides an obstruction to the flight of the ball. For example: overhead lights, the referee’s
chair, TV equipment, scorer’s table, and net posts. Outside objects do not include the antennae
since they are considered as the part of the net.
SUBSTITUTION
This is the act by which one regular player leaves the court and another regular player takes his/
her place.
80
INDEX
A F
Actions involving the Libero ..........................41 Fair play........................................................... 45
Additional Equipment ....................................15 Faults in playing the ball ................................ 28
Antennae .........................................................15 Faults made during the service ..................... 31
Application of misconduct sanctions ............47 Faults of the attack hit................................... 33
Assistant Coach ...............................................20 First Referee .....................................................50
Attack hit .........................................................32 – Authority .................................................... 50
Authorization of the service ..........................31 – Location ...................................................... 50
First service in a set ........................................ 30
B Forbidden objects .......................................... 18
Ball at the net .................................................. 28
Ball crossing the net .......................................28 G
Ball “in” ........................................... 26, 72, 76 Game delays ................................................... 38
Ball in play .......................................................26 Game interruptions ................................. 35, 39
Ball in the net .................................................29
Ball “out”...................................... 26, 72, 76 H
Ball out of play ................................................26 Height of the net ........................................... 14
Ball touching the net ......................................29
Balls .................................................................16 I
Block ..................................................... 33, 65 Illegal substitution ......................................... 37
Block contact ..................................................34 Improper request ........................................... 38
Blocking ................................................ 33, 72 Injury / Illness ................................................... 39
Block and team hits ........................................34 Interruptions .................................................. 35
Blocking faults .................................................34 Intervals .......................................................... 40
Blocking the service ........................................34 Intervals and change of courts ...................... 40
Blocking within the opponent’s space ..........34
L
C Lighting ....................................................... 14
Captain........................................................ 19 Limitation of substitutions ............................ 36
Change of courts .................................. 40, 69 Line judges ......................................... 55, 76-77
Change of equipment .....................................18 Line judges’ flag signals ..................... 56, 76-77
Characteristics of the attack hit ....................32 – Location ...................................................... 55
Characteristics of the hit ................................27 – Responsibilities .......................................... 56
Coach .......................................................... 20 Lines on the court .......................................... 13
Contact with the net ......................................30 Location of the team ..................................... 17
D M
Default and incomplete team ........................22 Minor misconduct .......................................... 45
Delay sanctions ...............................................39 Misconduct and its sanctions ........................ 45
Designation of the Libero ..............................41 Misconduct before and between sets .......... 47
Dimensions ......................................................12 Misconduct leading to sanctions .................. 46
E N
Equipment ................................................ 18, 41 Net and posts ................................................. 14
Exceptional game interruption ......................39 Number of regular game interruptions ........ 35
Exceptional substitution .................................36
Execution of the service .................................31
External interference......................................39
S
Sanction cards ............................. 47, 67, 70, 71
Sanction scales ......................................... 46, 67
Scorer ..............................................................53
– Location .......................................................53
– Responsibilities ...........................................53
Screening .............................................. 31, 72
Second Referee ...............................................52
– Authority .....................................................52
– Location .......................................................52
– Responsibilities ...........................................53
Service .............................................................30
Service order ...................................................30
Sequence of regular game interruptions ......35
Serving faults and positional faults ...............32
Side bands .......................................................15
Sportsmanlike conduct ...................................45
Standards ........................................................16
States of play ..................................................26
Structure .........................................................15
Structure of play .............................................22
Substitution .....................................................36
Substitution for expulsion or disqualification . 37
Substitution procedure ..................................37
82
MEMO
84