Student

2
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The emergence of a protected, extended stage of childhood in the 1800s occurred as a result of
A. legal restrictions on how children were treated.

B. a growing population of elderly (and therefore grandparents).
C. greater economic resources of parents.
D. the spread of schooling and a decline in child deaths.
2. Historians such as Phillippe Aries and John Demos argue that the concept of childhood as a
distinct stage of life was not recognized prior to the 1700s primarily because
A. families were trying to survive.

B. so many infants and toddlers died.
C. families had so few children.
D. families did not understand the needs of children.
3. Extended families (other relatives in the household besides husband, wife, and their children)
were never predominant in the United States because
A. affectionate and emotional ties to family were emphasized only recently in U.S. history.
B. life expectancy was short and made it improbable that grandparents lived with their children.
C. U.S. residents sought to reject the norms of their ancestors.
D. all of the above.
4. A study of the history of family reveals that __________ family is as old as human civilization but
that _______ family emerged much more recently.
A. public; private
B. extended; nuclear
C. private; public
D. nuclear; extended
5. Throughout most of their existence, human beings have been
A. self-sufficient.
B. hunter-gatherers.
C. settled agriculturists.
D. capitalists.
6. What was/were important part(s) of the affective individualism that arose during the 1700s?
A. greater sense of self-respect

B. greater sense of self-satisfaction
C. autonomy
D. both b and c
7. The True Woman was:
A. sexually active prior to marriage.

B. religious, spiritual, moral, and pure.
C. a hard worker.
D. independently wealthy.
8. Before the arrival of the Europeans, most Native Americans lived in
A. small kinship groups.

B. extended families similar to the Europeans.
C. tribal societies based on lineages.
D. husband/wife conjugal units.
9. The real responsibility of the True Woman as described by historian Barbara Welter was
A. to help her husband economically.

B. to bear children to increase the population.
C. to save men from immoral behavior and take over much of the day-to-day home tasks for men.
D. to share equally with men the struggle to survive.
10. A form of polygamy in which a man is allowed to have more than one wife is also referred to as
A. polyandry
B. extended family
C. polygyny
D. conjugal family
11. The American Revolution of 1776 brought about many changes including:
A. strengthening the role of fathers.

B. children being seen as sinful.
C. mothers perceived as the worse parent.
D. increased autonomy of women within the family.
12. A benefit that may have resulted from women's restriction to the world of home, and which may
have laid the groundwork for subsequent women's social and political movements, was
A. the creation of a subculture of sisterhood.

B. the ability for women to set their own schedules.
C. their knowledge of children and home.
D. their isolation.
13. The primary job open to African-American and Mexican American women prior to the 1960s was
A. file clerk.
B. domestic servant.
C. personal assistant.
D. secretary.
14. The spread of industrial capitalism in the mid-1800s led to many social changes, including:
A. more children being born.

B. most family members exchanging labor for wages.
C. separate spheres for men and women.
D. transition to an increased familial mode of production.
15. Informal marriage was common in all but which of the following groups:
A. Colonists in the Middle Colonies

B. Europeans
C. Mexican Americans
D. Chinese immigrants
16. According to contemporary research, the breadwinner-homemaker family was:
A. dominant only in the aftermath of the Depression and World War II in the 1950s.
B. always dominant in U.S. history.
C. never dominant in U.S. history.
D. basically only found among African Americans.
17. About ___________ years ago, humans discovered the advantage of remaining in one place and
planting crops.
A. 20 000
B. 10 000
C. 30 000
D. 5 000
18. Which immigrant group sent monetary remittances home to family members in their county of
origin?
A. Irish Americans
B. Mexican Americans
C. Chinese Americans
D. African Americans
19. The family system in which descent is reckoned through both the mother's and the father's line is
followed in the United States and is called
A. unilateral kinship.
B. extended kinship.
C. multilateral kinship.
D. bilateral kinship.
20. In the United States, levels of lifetime childlessness were higher for women who reached their
peak child-bearing years in the __________ than in any other generation of women in the
twentieth century.
A. 1960s
B. 1950s
C. 1930s
D. 1990s
21. The disruption of slave families was more severe in
A. The upper North

B. The Appalachian area
C. The lower South
D. All areas
22. The mestizo group of Mexican American settlers
A. were large landowners

B. arranged their children's marriages with care and held elaborate ceremonies
C. were of pure Spanish decent
D. were farmers
23. The 1965 Immigration Act drastically changed the number of people allowed in the United States
from Asia and the largest group to migrate since then has been from:
A. The Philippines
B. China
C. Korea
D. Vietnam
24. Matching Quiz
1. husband, wife, and children mestizos ____

2. godparent relationship polygamy ____
3. practice by which men are allowed to informal
have more than one wife marriage ____
4. all the people born during a given year or
period of years barrios ____
5. people whose ancestors were both
Spanish and Native American patrilineage ____
6. A women is allowed to have more than American Indian
one husband families ____
7. practice by which men and woman
married by declaration without the benefit of affective
clergy or formality. individualism ____
8. experienced sharp changes in marriage
patterns after World War II. polyandry ____
9. segregated, urban Mexican-American
neighborhoods compadrazgo ____
10. emphasizes emotional rewards to and
autonomy of each individual more than an
individual's obligations to care for and
support others birth cohort ____
11. marriage between families symbolized
the importance of tying together two Japanese
lineages. American families ____
12. lineage where descent is traced through
the father's line conjugal family ____
25. Families developed out of the desire for survival, prosperity and raising children.
True False
26. In the United States before 1900, pursuing personal pleasures and emotional satisfactions were
not as predominant among Americans, primarily because they were too busy simply trying to
live.
True False
27. Kinship developed as a need for love, intimacy and financial support.
True False
28. Despite idealistic notions to the contrary, kinship developed primarily as a means of survival.
True False
29. American Indian children were less likely to experience physical punishment and more likely to
enjoy independence than were European American children.
True False
30. Many couples who were married during the Great Depression stayed married because of
economics, not necessarily because of happiness.
True False
31. U.S. women of the 1950s are married at an earlier age (for their first marriage) than U.S. women
in previous generations.
True False
32. The larger extended family unit has always been a predominant family form in the United States.
True False
33. African American families maintained weaker kinship links than other groups.
True False
34. Although a good marriage was thought to require a good sex life in the early decades of the 20th
century, it was more important that the wife be satisfied than the husband.
True False
35. Why was the "empty nest" phase (the period of time after children have left the parental home)
more of a topic of family concern in the 1950s and 60s than it was in the 1850s? Than it is
today?
36. What were historically the three basic activities of most Western families? Which activity has
changed most dramatically?
37. How did children during the Great Depression adopt a "downward extension of adult-like
experience"?
38. Why is the birth cohort to which you were born so significant?
39. Name three explanations for the high birth rate of women who married in the 1950s.
40. What were some of the characteristics of families in Colonial America? How did their functions
differ from families' functions today?
41. What changes in the American Family has taken place since the 1950s?
42. Explain why slave families were more likely to be disrupted if they lived on small plantations in the
Appalachias.
43. Discuss the public goods your family produces in contrast to the public services families in
colonial America produced.
44. What do you think is meant by the statement "kinship . . . developed as a ‘weapon in the struggle
for survival'?"
45. Why were lineages so important to African American families?
46. Describe how a matrilineage would work. Specifically, how would lineage be traced and to or for
whom would you be responsible?
47. In what way did settled agriculture, as compared to hunting and gathering, revolutionize human
organization?
48. What is meant by the concept of separate spheres for women and men?
49. What evidence is there that childhood is a relatively recent phenomenon?
50. Though the idea may seem foreign to us in the United States in the 1990s, what societal
conditions of the late 1600s and the 1700s may have led to parents not lamenting the death of an
infant?
51. How might the life expectancy of a particular society affect the creation of extended family
structures in that society?
52. Native American family and kinship patterns of small kinship groups were affected by external
influences with the arrival of the Europeans. What were some of the changes experienced?
53. Discuss the services that the conjugal families in the European colonies were expected to
contribute and provide to the community.
54. Why was informal marriage particularly common in the Middle Colonies?
55. Historically, parental control has been weakened. What are the effects of this great lack of
parental control on young adults?
56. Though stereotypes persist about the structure of the black family, what surprising evidence did
Herbert Gutman discover about slave families, as he analyzed Census and other records?
2 Key
1. The emergence of a protected, extended stage of childhood in the 1800s occurred as a result
(p. 40) of
A. legal restrictions on how children were treated.

B. a growing population of elderly (and therefore grandparents).
C. greater economic resources of parents.
D. the spread of schooling and a decline in child deaths.
Cherlin - Chapter 02 #1
2. Historians such as Phillippe Aries and John Demos argue that the concept of childhood as a
(p. 40) distinct stage of life was not recognized prior to the 1700s primarily because
A. families were trying to survive.

B. so many infants and toddlers died.
C. families had so few children.
D. families did not understand the needs of children.
3. Extended families (other relatives in the household besides husband, wife, and their children)
(p. 44) were never predominant in the United States because
A. affectionate and emotional ties to family were emphasized only recently in U.S. history.
B. life expectancy was short and made it improbable that grandparents lived with their
children.
C. U.S. residents sought to reject the norms of their ancestors.
D. all of the above.
4. A study of the history of family reveals that __________ family is as old as human civilization
(p. 41) but that _______ family emerged much more recently.
A. public; private
B. extended; nuclear
C. private; public
D. nuclear; extended
5. Throughout most of their existence, human beings have been
(p. 42)
A. self-sufficient.
B. hunter-gatherers.
C. settled agriculturists.
D. capitalists.
6. What was/were important part(s) of the affective individualism that arose during the 1700s?
(p. 49)
A. greater sense of self-respect

B. greater sense of self-satisfaction
C. autonomy
D. both b and c
7. The True Woman was:

(p. 51-52)
A. sexually active prior to marriage.

B. religious, spiritual, moral, and pure.
C. a hard worker.
D. independently wealthy.
8. Before the arrival of the Europeans, most Native Americans lived in

(p. 45)
A. small kinship groups.

B. extended families similar to the Europeans.
C. tribal societies based on lineages.
D. husband/wife conjugal units.
9. The real responsibility of the True Woman as described by historian Barbara Welter was
(p. 51-52)
A. to help her husband economically.

B. to bear children to increase the population.
C. to save men from immoral behavior and take over much of the day-to-day home tasks for
men.
D. to share equally with men the struggle to survive.
10. A form of polygamy in which a man is allowed to have more than one wife is also referred to
(p. 44) as
A. polyandry
B. extended family
C. polygyny
D. conjugal family
11. The American Revolution of 1776 brought about many changes including:
(p. 49)
A. strengthening the role of fathers.

B. children being seen as sinful.
C. mothers perceived as the worse parent.
D. increased autonomy of women within the family.
12. A benefit that may have resulted from women's restriction to the world of home, and which
(p. 52) may have laid the groundwork for subsequent women's social and political movements, was
A. the creation of a subculture of sisterhood.

B. the ability for women to set their own schedules.
C. their knowledge of children and home.
D. their isolation.
13. The primary job open to African-American and Mexican American women prior to the 1960s
(p. 56) was
A. file clerk.
B. domestic servant.
C. personal assistant.
D. secretary.
14. The spread of industrial capitalism in the mid-1800s led to many social changes, including:
(p. 51)
A. more children being born.

B. most family members exchanging labor for wages.
C. separate spheres for men and women.
D. transition to an increased familial mode of production.
15. Informal marriage was common in all but which of the following groups:
(p. 48, 57)
A. Colonists in the Middle Colonies

B. Europeans
C. Mexican Americans
D. Chinese immigrants
16. According to contemporary research, the breadwinner-homemaker family was:

(p. 68)
A. dominant only in the aftermath of the Depression and World War II in the 1950s.
B. always dominant in U.S. history.
C. never dominant in U.S. history.
D. basically only found among African Americans.
17. About ___________ years ago, humans discovered the advantage of remaining in one place
(p. 42) and planting crops.
A. 20 000
B. 10 000
C. 30 000
D. 5 000
18. Which immigrant group sent monetary remittances home to family members in their county of
(p. 58) origin?
A. Irish Americans
B. Mexican Americans
C. Chinese Americans
D. African Americans
19. The family system in which descent is reckoned through both the mother's and the father's line
(p. 59) is followed in the United States and is called
A. unilateral kinship.
B. extended kinship.
C. multilateral kinship.
D. bilateral kinship.
20. In the United States, levels of lifetime childlessness were higher for women who reached their
(p. 64) peak child-bearing years in the __________ than in any other generation of women in the
twentieth century.
A. 1960s
B. 1950s
C. 1930s
D. 1990s
21. The disruption of slave families was more severe in

(p. 56)
A. The upper North

B. The Appalachian area
C. The lower South
D. All areas
22. The mestizo group of Mexican American settlers
(p. 57)
A. were large landowners

B. arranged their children's marriages with care and held elaborate ceremonies
C. were of pure Spanish decent
D. were farmers
23. The 1965 Immigration Act drastically changed the number of people allowed in the United
(p. 59) States from Asia and the largest group to migrate since then has been from:
A. The Philippines
B. China
C. Korea
D. Vietnam
24. Matching Quiz
(p. 42-67)
1. husband, wife, and children mestizos 5

2. godparent relationship polygamy 3
3. practice by which men are allowed to informal
have more than one wife marriage 7
4. all the people born during a given year or
period of years barrios 9
5. people whose ancestors were both
Spanish and Native American patrilineage 12
6. A women is allowed to have more than American Indian
one husband families 11
7. practice by which men and woman
married by declaration without the benefit of affective
clergy or formality. individualism 10
8. experienced sharp changes in marriage
patterns after World War II. polyandry 6
9. segregated, urban Mexican-American
neighborhoods compadrazgo 2
10. emphasizes emotional rewards to and
autonomy of each individual more than an
individual's obligations to care for and
support others birth cohort 4
11. marriage between families symbolized
the importance of tying together two Japanese
lineages. American families 8
12. lineage where descent is traced through
the father's line conjugal family 1
25. Families developed out of the desire for survival, prosperity and raising children.
(p. 42)
TRUE
26. In the United States before 1900, pursuing personal pleasures and emotional satisfactions
(p. 61) were not as predominant among Americans, primarily because they were too busy simply
trying to live.
TRUE
27. Kinship developed as a need for love, intimacy and financial support.
(p. 43)
FALSE
28. Despite idealistic notions to the contrary, kinship developed primarily as a means of survival.
(p. 43)
TRUE
29. American Indian children were less likely to experience physical punishment and more likely to
(p. 46) enjoy independence than were European American children.
TRUE
30. Many couples who were married during the Great Depression stayed married because of
(p. 64-65) economics, not necessarily because of happiness.
TRUE
31. U.S. women of the 1950s are married at an earlier age (for their first marriage) than U.S.
(p. 66) women in previous generations.
TRUE
32. The larger extended family unit has always been a predominant family form in the United
(p. 75) States.
FALSE
33. African American families maintained weaker kinship links than other groups.
(p. 53)
FALSE
34. Although a good marriage was thought to require a good sex life in the early decades of the
(p. 60) 20th century, it was more important that the wife be satisfied than the husband.
FALSE
35. Why was the "empty nest" phase (the period of time after children have left the parental home)
(p. 63) more of a topic of family concern in the 1950s and 60s than it was in the 1850s? Than it is
today?
Answer will vary
36. What were historically the three basic activities of most Western families? Which activity has
(p. 75) changed most dramatically?
Answer will vary
37. How did children during the Great Depression adopt a "downward extension of adult-like
(p. 64) experience"?
Answer will vary
38. Why is the birth cohort to which you were born so significant?
(p. 68)
Answer will vary
39. Name three explanations for the high birth rate of women who married in the 1950s.
(p. 67)
Answer will vary

40. What were some of the characteristics of families in Colonial America? How did their functions
(p. 47) differ from families' functions today?
Answer will vary
41. What changes in the American Family has taken place since the 1950s?
(p. 66-68)
Answer will vary
42. Explain why slave families were more likely to be disrupted if they lived on small plantations in
(p. 56) the Appalachias.
Answer will vary
43. Discuss the public goods your family produces in contrast to the public services families in
(p. 47) colonial America produced.
Answer will vary
44. What do you think is meant by the statement "kinship . . . developed as a ‘weapon in the
(p. 43) struggle for survival'?"
Answer will vary

45. Why were lineages so important to African American families?
(p. 53)
Answer will vary
46. Describe how a matrilineage would work. Specifically, how would lineage be traced and to or
(p. 42) for whom would you be responsible?
Answer will vary
47. In what way did settled agriculture, as compared to hunting and gathering, revolutionize
(p. 42-43) human organization?
Answer will vary
48. What is meant by the concept of separate spheres for women and men?
(p. 51)
Answer will vary
49. What evidence is there that childhood is a relatively recent phenomenon?

(p. 40-41)
Answer will vary

50. Though the idea may seem foreign to us in the United States in the 1990s, what societal
(p. 40) conditions of the late 1600s and the 1700s may have led to parents not lamenting the death of
an infant?
Answer will vary
51. How might the life expectancy of a particular society affect the creation of extended family
(p. 64) structures in that society?
Answer will vary
52. Native American family and kinship patterns of small kinship groups were affected by external
(p. 45) influences with the arrival of the Europeans. What were some of the changes experienced?
Answer will vary
53. Discuss the services that the conjugal families in the European colonies were expected to
(p. 47) contribute and provide to the community.
Answer will vary
54. Why was informal marriage particularly common in the Middle Colonies?
(p. 48)
Answer will vary

55. Historically, parental control has been weakened. What are the effects of this great lack of
(p. 73-74) parental control on young adults?
Answer will vary
56. Though stereotypes persist about the structure of the black family, what surprising evidence
(p. 54-55) did Herbert Gutman discover about slave families, as he analyzed Census and other records?
Answer will vary

2 Summary
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Cherlin - Chapter 02 56

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2

A. legal restrictions on how children were treated.

A. families were trying to survive.

A. greater sense of self-respect

7. The True Woman was:

A. sexually active prior to marriage.

8. Before the arrival of the Europeans, most Native Americans lived in

A. small kinship groups.

A. to help her husband economically.

A. strengthening the role of fathers.

A. the creation of a subculture of sisterhood.

A. more children being born.

A. Colonists in the Middle Colonies

A. The upper North

22. The mestizo group of Mexican American settlers

A. were large landowners

1. husband, wife, and children mestizos ____

45. Why were lineages so important to African American families?

49. What evidence is there that childhood is a relatively recent phenomenon?

A. legal restrictions on how children were treated.

A. families were trying to survive.

A. greater sense of self-respect

7. The True Woman was:

A. sexually active prior to marriage.

8. Before the arrival of the Europeans, most Native Americans lived in

A. small kinship groups.

A. to help her husband economically.

A. strengthening the role of fathers.

A. the creation of a subculture of sisterhood.

A. more children being born.

A. Colonists in the Middle Colonies

16. According to contemporary research, the breadwinner-homemaker family was:

21. The disruption of slave families was more severe in

A. The upper North

A. were large landowners

1. husband, wife, and children mestizos 5

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 02 #35

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 02 #36

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Cherlin - Chapter 02 #37

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Cherlin - Chapter 02 #38

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Cherlin - Chapter 02 #39

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Cherlin - Chapter 02 #40

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Cherlin - Chapter 02 #41

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Cherlin - Chapter 02 #42

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Cherlin - Chapter 02 #43

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Cherlin - Chapter 02 #44

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Cherlin - Chapter 02 #45

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Cherlin - Chapter 02 #46

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Cherlin - Chapter 02 #47