147

special communication

Croatian Society of Radiology (1928-2008),

the Croatian Medical Association – 80 years
of existence and activity
Slavko Simunic1, Kresimir Glavina1, Nada Besenski2, Ratimira Klaric-Custovic3

1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Clinical Centre Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
2 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Clinical Centre Split, Split, Croatia
3 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital “Sestre milosrdnice“, Zagreb, Croatia

Received 22 September 2010

Accepted 14 November 2010
Correspondence to: Prof. Slavko Šimunić, MD, PhD, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Clinical Centre Osijek,
Osijek, Croatia. E-mail: [email protected]
Disclosure: No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

Often and in various connotations one can hear or read the following syntagma: “Let’s leave the past in the past -
and turn to the future”. Even more frequent and numerous are opposite opinions, e.g. “There is no future without past”,
“Future is built on past” or “Remembering our past – reaching for our future”, and many more.

Key words: radiology; history; Croatian Medical Association, Croatian Society of Radiology

The first practical use of X-rays (1902) and Lepoglava (1904) – let us remember that
in medicine the Paulists of Lepoglava, in rivalry with the Jesuits,
started providing university education (1656) with
In the very same year (1895) as Francis Joseph I, the lectures in logic. The roentgen apparatuses were
Austro-Hungarian emperor, ceremonially opened then obtained in Pula, Split, Dubrovnik, Bjelovar
a new building of the Croatian National Theatre (1905), and Varaždin, Karlovac, Vinkovci and Nova
in Zagreb, Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen, a German Gradiška (1911), and Sisak (1912). We may also
physicist (Lennep 1845 – Munich 1923), in his ex- mention that the roentgen radiation was for the
perimental laboratory in Würzburg discovered first time used for the research in palaeontology
the radiation until then unknown, which he called by Prof. Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger (1902),
X-rays. As a proof then, he also published the first a Croatian natural scientist of world-renowned, a
roentgenogram – an image of his wife’s hand with geologist, palaeontologist and anthropologist, for
a ring on the middle finger. He was awarded the taking X-ray of the Krapina early man’s jaw.1
first Nobel Prize in physics (1901) for this extraor-
dinary discovery, and the newly discovered rays
were named the Roentgen rays in his honour. The Organizations in Croatia
discovery gave origin to a new profession (science)
radiology (roentgenology), which enabled a fresh Organised medical work in Croatia started with the
impetus in the development not only of medicine, establishment of the Društvo slavonskih liječnika
but of many other human activities. (Slavonian Medical Association) in Osijek (1874), that
The first practical use of X-rays in medicine in started publishing the Glas slavonskih liječnika
this region was recorded in Rijeka (1897), when a (Slavonian Medical Journal) (1877) – the today’s
roentgen apparatus was acquired, Prof. Dr. Peter “Medicinski vjesnik” (Medical Journal), published
Salcher presented at the Naval Academy an X-ray by the University Hospital Osijek, the Faculty of
of a hand with a ring on the baroness Vranyczány’s Medicine in Osijek, and other regional medical cen-
finger. Thereafter followed Ogulin, Šibenik and tres. A few months later, in the same year (1874),
Srijemska Mitrovica (1898), Zagreb (1901), Osijek the Sabor liečnika kraljevine Hrvatske i Slavonije

Radiol Oncol 2011; 45(2): 147-158. doi:10.2478/v10019-011-0003-x

148 Simunic S et al. / Croatian Society of Radiology

(Medical Association of the Kingdom of Croatia and that the Croatian Medical Association also became
Slavonia) was founded in Zagreb, and started pub- a full member of the World Medical Association
lishing the Liečnički viestnik (Medical Journal) (1992), i.e. the Croatian Medical Association.
(1877) – the today’s “Liječnički vjesnik” (Medical Although the radiology profession and sci-
Journal of the Croatian Medical Association), the ga- ence in this region was being applied soon after
zette of the Croatian Medical Association.1 From the respective discovery (Rijeka 1897), the roent-
the 1920s, the Association was called the Hrvatski genologists / radiologists were formally organ-
liječnički zbor (Croatian Medical Association), and ised only in 1928, through the foundation of the
from 1945 to 1992 it operated under the name Society of Roentgenology (1928-1935), which
the Zbor liječnika Hrvatske (Medical Association changed the name into the Section of Radiology,
of Croatia), becoming the member of the Savez le- Electrophysiology and Balneology (1935-1945).
karskih/liječničkih društava Jugoslavije (Union of After the Second World War, the Society was
Medical Associations of Yugoslavia). reorganised again and the name changed to the
As the aggression on Croatia started (1991), the Section of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Medical Association of Croatia freezed (on 26th (1945-1984), having radiologists, radiothera-
February 1991), and subsequently broke off all the peutists, oncologists and nuclear medicine prac-
relations (on 30th September 1991) with the Union titioners as members. The development of nu-
of Medical Associations of Yugoslavia. We were clear medicine and the growing number of edu-
also obligated to do so by the UN Security Council cated nuclear medicine practitioners lead to the
Resolution no. 757/1992, stating that “....any activ- separation of these experts into two independent
ity in the area of science, technology, information sci- sections, so that ours changed the name into the
ences, education, culture and sports, even publishing Section of Radiology of the Medical Association
activity, with the SFRY /Socialist Federative Republic of Croatia (1984 – 1992).
of Yugoslavia/ shall be suspended...”. In that period, As the Croatian Medical Association became a
and observing the then-valid and customary member of the World Medical Association, all the
schedule of rotating the seats of the leadership of a Sections were entitled to a higher level of member-
particular professional association during a 4-year ship, i.e. to receive the title of a society, so that on
mandate, Zagreb was the seat of the Yugoslav this basis the present-day Hrvatsko društvo radi-
Society of Cardiology, the Yugoslav Association ology (HDR) – The Croatian Society of Radiology
of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, the Association (CSR) was founded and named at the Founding
of Yugoslav Clinical Cytology, the Yugoslav Assembly held on 22nd April 1992, in the Great Hall
Association of Anaesthesiologists, the Yugoslav of the Croatian Medical Association, being the suc-
Association of Dermatology, and the Yugoslav cessor of all the already mentioned Associations of
Society of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. All the Radiology in Croatia.
presidents, vice-presidents and secretaries of these Since the foundation (1928) until the present
associations resigned their duties, and on behalf day, the Sections / Societies were headed by presi-
of their respective associations renounced any fur- dents: Prof. Dr. Laza Popović (1928-1945), Prof. Dr.
ther cooperation. The Section of radiology of the Ferdo Petrovčić (1945- 1958), Prof. Dr. Vladimir
Medical Association of Croatia, in accordance with Gvozdanović (1958-1960), Prof. Dr. Silvije Kadrnka
this, broke off (on 4th October 1991) the coopera- (1960-1965), Ass. Prof. Dr. Sc. Ivo Belančić (1965-
tion with the Yugoslav Society of Radiology and 1967), Prim. Dr. Karlo Strohal (1967-1971), Prof.
Nuclear Medicine, and returned the mandate for Dr. Sc. Šime Čičin-Šain (1971-1976), Prof. Dr. Sc.
presiding the Society for the period 1988 – 1992, Duško Katunarić (1976-1986), Prof. Dr. Sc. Davorin
and renounced to the obligation of organising the Kovačević (1986-1992), Prof. Dr. Sc. Slavko Šimunić
14th Congress of the Yugoslav Society of Radiology (1992-1996), Prof. Dr. Sc. Nada Bešenski (1996-
and Nuclear Medicine planned for 1992, informing 2004), Prof. Dr. Sc. Ratimira Klarić-Čustović (2004-
about it all the professional associations of the then 2008), and Prof. Dr. Sc. Boris Brkljačić (from 2008
Yugoslav republics and provinces. on).
Following the disintegration of the Socialist Immediately after its foundation, the CSR ob-
Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, and the found- tained right to apply for an independent direct
ing of the Republic of Croatia, with its interna- membership in international institutions. Firstly,
tional recognition, the conditions were met for the all the required documentation for the membership
direct membership of Croatian professional associ- in the European Association of Radiology - EAR
ations in international professional institutions, so was collected and submitted (a written application

Radiol Oncol 2011; 45(2): 147-158.

 Simunic S et al. / Croatian Society of Radiology 149

and an explanation in English, an English version

of the Statute of the Croatian Medical Association
and the Rules of Procedure of the Society, and
the list of the Society’s members). The applica-
tion was examined in the General Assembly of the
European Association of Radiology at the time of
the European Congress of Radiology, in Vienna
1993. The application was granted unanimously,
and the CSR became a regular and full member of
the EAR.
An application for the membership of the
International Society of Radiology – ISR fol-
lowed. In accordance with the same procedure, the
application waited for the General Assembly and
the International Congress of Radiology to be held
– in Singapore 1994, when the CSR became a mem-
ber of this society as well.

Professional activities
The Croatian radiologists have always had a signif-
icant impact on the organization and participation
in various radiology events in the then Yugoslavia:
the 1st Yugoslav Meeting on Radiology (Split, 1930),
organised by Prim. Dr. Jakša Račić; the 2nd Yugoslav
Meeting on Radiology (Belgrade, 1935), in the or-
ganisation participated the following colleagues
from Croatia: Prof. Dr. Ernst Mayerhofer – the dean
of the Faculty of Medicine / Zagreb, Prof. Dr. Laza
Popović, radiologist / Zagreb, Dr. Milan Smokvina,
radiologist / Zagreb, and Dr. Stevo Radojević, ra-
diologist / Zagreb. After the Second World War,
meetings were held every four years, by rotation
in the republics’ capitals. The 1st Scientific Meeting
of Radiologist of the Federal People’s Republic
of Yugoslavia (FNRY) – (Belgrade 1950); the 2nd FIGURE 1. Programme of the First scientific meeting of radiolo-
Scientific Meeting of Radiologists of FNRY (Zagreb gists of the Croatia, Šibenik, October 19-22, 1978.

1953). Thereafter, the meetings were named con-

gresses: the 3rd Congress of Radiology of FNRY
(Ljubljana 1956); the 4th Congress of Radiology of
FNRY (Skopje 1960); the 5th Congress of Radiology held, 97 lectures (25%) were from Croatia. At the
of Yugoslavia (Belgrade 1964). Because of the two 12th Congress of Radiology of Yugoslavia (Belgrade
Scientific Meetings held earlier (Split 1930, and 1984), out of the total of 325 lectures held, 97 lec-
Belgrade 1935), the next congress was titled the 8th tures (20%) were from Croatia. And at the 13th
Congress of Radiology of Yugoslavia (Pula 1968); Congress of Radiology of Yugoslavia (Ohrid
and the 9th Congress of Radiology of Yugoslavia 1988), out of the total of 496 lectures held, 97 lec-
(Ljubljana 1972). Out of the total of 228 lectures tures (20%) were from Croatia. The 14th Congress
held on that congress, 55 lectures (24 %) were of Radiology of Yugoslavia (1992) was supposed
from Croatia. At the 10th Congress of Radiology of to be held in organisation of the Croatian radiolo-
Yugoslavia (Sarajevo 1976), out of the total of 245 gists, but due to the known war situation, Croatia
lectures held, 65 lectures (26%) were from Croatia. renounced the task.
At the 11th Congress of Radiology of Yugoslavia In the period from 1978 to 1992, and owing to
(Novi Sad 1980), out of the total of 396 lectures Prof. Dr. Sc. Duško Katunarić and Prim Dr. Krešo

Radiol Oncol 2011; 45(2): 147-158.

150 Simunic S et al. / Croatian Society of Radiology

Pavleković, the president and the secretary respec- S. Šimunić / I. Obrez – Ljubljana; the Symposium
tively of the then Section of Radiology, the Section on MRI in Clinical Medicine (1988) – chaired by
organised Scientifics Meetings of Radiologists of S. Šimunić / D. Ivančević; the Symposium on
Croatia in various towns in Croatia, followed an Rationalization of Diagnostic Procedures in Radiology,
alternating “continent – seaside” territorial prin- Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound (1987) – chaired by
ciple. Even though in those times the meetings S. Šimunić / S. Franić; the Symposium on Algorithm
were of mere republic-importance, they had wide of Diagnostic Procedures in Neuroradiology (1999) –
reverberation across the entire then Yugoslavia, chaired by S. Šimunić / N. Bešenski; the Symposium
both among the participants and the lecturers, so on Teleradiology (1999) – chaired by A. Hebrang / S.
those meetings were considered to be at the “lev- Šimunić and assoc.
el” of a congress. There were ten meetings held The emergence of therapeutic procedures in
in total: in Šibenik (1978) (Figure 1), Plitvička jez- interventional radiology and our first experi-
era (1979), Split (1981), Osijek (1982), Pula (1985), ences were presented at the CSR expert meeting:
Karlovac (1986), Opatija (1987), Požega (1989), the Round Table on Interventional Radiology (1980)
Zadar (1990) and Varaždin (1992). The total of – chaired by S. Šimunić, also published in a book:
776 lectures were held at the meetings (752 na- “Okrugli stol o intervencijskoj radiologiji. Šimunić S,
tional authors and 24 foreign authors – 5 from Gürtl R, editors, 1981”.
Germany, 5 from Switzerland, 2 from Italy, 2 from The CSR has had an intensive, long-term cooper-
Norway, 2 from the USA, 1 from France, 1 from ation with members of other professions and insti-
Belgium, 1 from Sweden), and 102 lectures at three tutions. It has endeavoured to approach and solve
Courses (on Radiology of Kidney, on Radiology of a number of common problems with the related
Mediastinum, and on CT in Neuroradiology). Radiation Protection Association. It used to cooper-
With the development of radiology and an in- ate, at the time, with radiologists of the Department
creasing number of specialists in radiology, as of Roentgenology and Physical Therapy of the
well as their professional and scientific orienta- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Zagreb (Prof. Dr.
tion, the conditions were met, as per the Statute of Sc. Mensur Šehić). With the Ministry of Health and
the Croatian Medical Association and the Rules of Social Welfare of the Republic of Croatia and the
Procedure of the Croatian Society of Radiology, for Croatian Institute for Health Insurance, the CSR
the establishment of particular sections. Firstly, the discussed various professional, status and organi-
Section of Neuroradiology (1933) was founded – sational issues on the regular basis. Expert meet-
the first president was Prof. Dr. Sc Nada Bešenski. ings are well-attended and held regularly (9-10
Then followed the establishment of the Junior times per year), in cooperation with other clinical
Radiologists Forum (1994) – encouraged by the professions (internal medicine specialists, paedia-
Junior Radiologist Forum (JRF) of the European tricians, neurosurgeons, urologists, orthopaedists,
Association of Radiology – the first president was otorhinolaryngologists, etc.)
Dr. Franka Jelavić – Kojić. The third to be estab- Various business partners, manufacturers and
lished was the Section of Ultrasound in Medicine suppliers of equipment, accessories and expand-
(1994) – the first president was Prof. Dr. Sc. Ivo able supplies presented to us regular basis nov-
Drinković. Then the Section of Interventional elties in their assortment of products: Siemens,
Radiology (2000) – the first president was Prof. Dr. General Electric, Philips, Shimadzu, Bayer Health
Sc. Josip Mašković, and the Section of Thoracic Care, Schering, Farma, Sonimed, Thomy Frey East,
Radiology (2001) – the first president was Prof. Dr. Mark/De Plano, Medtronic, OptiMed, Bard, Abbot,
Sc. Zlata Herceg – Ivanovi. Bracco, Cook and many others.
On several occasions the Section / the Society A long-term professional, loyal and friendly
took part in specialised programmes of the interna- cooperation with the Hungarian Radiological
tional fair “Medicine and Technology” at the Zagreb Society (“Societatis Radiologorum Hungarorum”)
Fair. The Symposium on Interventional Radiology was particularly emphasized, dating back since
(1981) – chaired by S. Šimunić; the Symposium on 1985, when the Vereinbarung über die Ungarischen
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty – PTA (1983) und Jugoslawischen Radiologischen Gesellschaften
– chaired by S. Šimunić / M. Šesto, (a book was was signed (signatories: Gy Vargha and B. Fornet
published: “PTA renalnih, perifernih i koronarnih ar- – Budapest; M. Radojević – Skopje; S. Šimunić –
terija. Šimunić S, Šesto M, editors. Zagreb; 1985”); Zagreb and L. Popović – Novi Sad. At the same
the Symposium on Percutaneous Organ and Organic year, during the International Fair “Medicine and
Systems Drainage (1985) – organized / chaired by Technology”, at the Zagreb Fair, within the frame-

Radiol Oncol 2011; 45(2): 147-158.

 Simunic S et al. / Croatian Society of Radiology 151

work of professional events at the Symposium

on Percutaneous Organ and Organic Systems
Drainage, the lectures were given by Gy Vargha
and T. Baranyai (Debrecen), L. Horváth (Péch) and
Lélek (Zalaegerszeg). The cooperation was con-
tinued through regular joint Croatian-Hungarian
Radiological Symposiums: Kőszeg (1999) and
Opatija (2000), after which Slovenia also joined this
cooperation, so the symposia were thereafter held
under the name Hungarian-Croatian-Slovenian
Radiological Symposia: Pécs (2001), Maribor
(2002), Koprivnica (2003), Héviz (2004), Maribor
(2005). It was at that point decided that the sympo-
sia were to be held biannually from then: Vukovar
(2007) and Kehidakustanyi (2009). The partici-
pants of the meeting in Vukovar visited and paid
respects by placing wreaths at the Stone Cross, on
the confluence of Vuka and Danube, and at the
Memorial Cemetery of the Homeland War victims
on Ovčara.2
The CSR gave an appreciation award to the
Hungarian Radiological Society for the close long-
term cooperation, and the same award was also
given to the following individuals: Gy Vargha, G.
Vadon, J. Kénez, B. Fornet, and L. Hórvath at the con-
gress in Tihany, in 1996. N. Bešenski was awarded
a certificate - Honorary Member of the Hungarian
Society of Neuroradiology (7th Annual Meeting of
the Hungarian Society of Neuroradiology - Györ
1997).
The following colleagues were declared hon-
orary members of the Societatis Radiologorum
Hungarorum: N. Bešenski (Zagreb), K. Glavina
(Osijek), S. Šimunić (Zagreb / Osijek), I. Lovasić
(Rijeka) and B. Brkljačić (Zagreb).
FIGURE 2. The book of Edvard Glaser. Sto let rentgenskih žarko kozi prizmom medi-
It has become customary to participate in one cine, veterine in medikohistorikov [100 years of the x-rays through the prism medi-
another’s national, i.e. Croatian and Hungarian, cine, veterinary nad medical historyans]. Glaser E, editor. Maribor: Medikohistorična
radiology congresses: in Miskolc 1994, Opatija sekcija Slovenije, SZD [Section for the history of medicine, Slovenian Medical
1994; Tihany 1996, Osijek 19983, Pécs 1998, Split Society]; 1998.5
20024, etc., but also in the Hungarian Society of
Neuroradiology congresses.
The cooperation with the Združenje radiologov
Slovenije (the Slovenian Association of Radiology) casion of the 100th anniversary of the Röntgen’s
went back long ago. There used to be held (1958- discovery, the Medicohistorical Section of the
1971) joint meetings of Croatian and Slovenian ra- Slovenian Medical Association published a book
diologists. The last one, the sixth expert meeting, including an article by Croatian authors: “Lovasić
was held in Zagreb, in 1971. At that point, the coop- I, Šimunić S, Borković Z, Pavan G. Prve rentgenske
eration was developed on Croatian and Slovenian snimke i prvi rentgen aparati u Hrvatskoj. (The first
national radiology congresses: in Portorož 1996, roentgen rays and roentgen apparatuses in Croatia).
Portorož 2000, Ljubljana 2004, Ptuj 2008. Moreover, Maribor; 1995” (Figure 2). The international radi-
the Croatian radiologists cooperated occasionally ology cooperation to be mentioned is the partici-
on expert meetings with the University Medical pation of the Croatian delegation at the Founding
Center Ljubljana and the Maribor General Hospital Conference of the Radiological Society of Bosnia
/ University Medical Centre Maribor. On the oc- and Herzegovina (Sarajevo 1996). The Society was

Radiol Oncol 2011; 45(2): 147-158.

152 Simunic S et al. / Croatian Society of Radiology

TABLE 1. Publications of radiology that were published in after that admitted to the European Association of
Croatia with help of Croatian radiology experts and teachers
Radiology (1999). The Croatian radiologists partic-
Radojević S, Nikolić S. Grizlica kolačića i želuca [Ulcus ipated in congresses of the Radiological Society of
duodeni et ventriculi]. Zagreb: Centralni rentgenološki in-
stitut Medicinskog fakulteta u Zagrebu [Central Roentgen the Medical Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Institute of Medical Faculty Zagreb]; 1927. (Figure 3) (Sarajevo 1999, Tuzla 2003, Sarajevo 2007).
Popović L, Smokvina M. Pregled naše rentgenološke litera-
ture. Zagreb: Centralni rentgenološki institut Medicinskog
The Croatian radiologists participated almost
fakulteta u Zagrebu; 1927. on the regular basis with lectures in congresses of
Smokvina M. Klinička rentgenologija, kosti i zglobovi the European Association of Radiology (ECR) in
[Clinical roentgenology, bones and joints]. Zagreb:
Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts; 1959. (Figure 4) Vienna, as well as in the International Congress
Hodges FJ, Lampe I, Floyd HF. Radiology for Medical of Radiology (ICR). They, for example, held five
Students. [Radiologija za studente medicine]. 4th Edition.
Chicago: Year Book Medical Publisher Inc.;1964; Zagreb: lectures and presented two posters in the Vienna
Školska knjige Zagreb; 1976 ECR ’93, while young radiologists, members of
Petrovčić F. Leksikon radioloških pojmova. Zagreb:
Leksikografski zavod M. Krleža Zagreb; 1977.
the CSR’s Junior Radiologists Forum, won three
Okrugli stol o intervencijskoj radiologiji. Šimunić S, Gürtl R, Winners of the Day medals.
editors. Zagreb: Zavod za radiologiju KBC Zagreb; 1981.6 We have been participating already for decades
Intervencijska radiologinja – perkutana transluminalna
angioplastika renalnih, koronarnih i perifernih arterija.
in expert meetings of the ALPE-ADRIA border-
Šimunić S, Šesto M, editor. Zagreb: Sekcija za radiologiju, ing countries, Austria, Italy, Slovenia and Croatia,
Kardiološka i nefrološka sekcija Zbora liječnika Hrvatske;
1985.7
held in various towns. The examples of our par-
Intervencijska radiologija. Mašković J, Boschi S, Stanić I, ticipation are the following: “Gvozdanović V,
editors. Split; Sekcija za radiologiju Zbora liječnika Hrvatske Nutrizio V, Šimunić S. La nostra esperienza con
– Podružnica Split; 1986.8
Plavšić B. Radiologija probavnog kanala. Zagreb: Školska Emi Scanner. Padova; 1975”, and “Gvozdanović V,
knjiga Zagreb; 1986. Nutrizio V, Šimunić S, Marinšek Čičin-Šain V. CT
Petrovčić F. Opća radiologija. Zagreb: Sveučilišna naklada, in the Diagnostic Acousticus Neurinoma“.
Liber Zagreb; 1986.
Hebrang A, Petrovčić F. Radijacija i zaštita u medicinskoj There are meetings of the Cardiovascular and
dijagnostici. Zagreb, Beograd: Medicinska knjiga; 1987. Interventional Radiological Society of Europe
Bešenski N, Škegro N. Radiografska tehnika skeletal.
Zagreb: Školska knjiga Zagreb; 1987.
(CIRSE), whose members are: Z. Čačić, A. Hebrang,
Škarica R, Potočki K. Radiološki atlas reumatskih bolesti. J. Mašković, S. Šimunić, L. Camby-Sapunar, V.
Zagreb, Beograd: Medicinska knjiga; 1989. Vidjak, V. Tkalec, held every second year in various
Plavšić B. Radiologija probavnog kanala. 2nd edition.
Zagreb: Školska knjiga Zagreb; 1990. European towns, with the participation of a dozen
Radiologija. Agbaba M, Lovrenčić M, editors. 1st edition. or more Croatian radiologists.
Zagreb: Medicinska naklada Zagreb; 1994. Our teachers and the then authorities on radi-
WHO Scientific Group on Clinical Diagnostic Imaging.
[Izbor dijagnostike u kliničkoj praksi – Izbor radioloških ology (S. Kadrnka, M. Smokvina, V. Gvozdanović,
dijagnostičkih postupaka]. Hebrang A, translator and edi- D. Katunarić, M. Bašić), owing to their personal
tor. Zagreb: HZZO; 1996.
Frković M. Radiološki atlas probavnog sustava djece.
acquaintances and friendships, to relations and
Zagreb: Informator; 1998. cooperation with leading European and other au-
Strugačevac P. Teorijska osnova imaging CT tehnike. thorities on radiology, organised in those times
Osijek: KB Osijek; 1999.
Brkljačić B. Dopler krvnih žila. Zagreb: Medicinska naklada the following participation and lectures: “Jirout
Zagreb; 2000. J. Pneumomyelography of the Cervical Spine.
Radiologija. Hebrang A, Lovrenčić M, editors. 2nd edition. Prague; 1965”; “Vieten H. Die Methoden der
Zagreb: Medicinska naklada Zagreb; 2001.
Chapman S, Nakilney R. Pomoć u radiološkoj diferencijal- Kontrastmitteldarstellung des Herzens und der
noj dijagnostici. [Translation from English]. Gotovac N, edi- großen Gefäße deren Indikationen und Gefahren.
tor. Požega: Self-published; 2005.
Pichler E. Ultrazvučni atlas dojke-diferencijalna dijagnoza i
Düsseldorf ; 1967”; “Wellauer J. Kontrastmittel
intervencije. Zagreb: Školska knjiga Zagreb; 2005. Probleme in der modernen Röntgendiagnostik.
Pavić L, Radoš M. Mali medicinski leksikon magnetne rezo- Zurich; 1967”; Bodar P. La radiologie du grêle
nancije. Zagreb: Školska knjiga Zagreb; 2005.
Seminari iz kliničke radiologije. Janković S, editor. Split: MF
(maladie de Crohn-Tuberculose-Tumeurs“).
Split; 20905. Louvain, Belgium; 1968”; Oliva L. Studio radio-
Stojanović J. Trzajna ozljeda-riješena enigma. Zagreb: logico dell’incontinenza urinaria femminile. Siena;
Sveučilišna tiskara; 2006.
Radiologija. Hebrang A, Klarić-Čustović R, editors. Zagreb: 1968”.
Medicinska naklada Zagreb; 2007.9,10 In more recent times, and through the of-
Miletić D. Skeletna radiografija. Rijeka: Glosa; 2008. fices of D. Kovačević, M. Lovrenčić, N. Bešenski,
Odabrana poglavlja intervencijske radiologije. Mašković J,
Janković S, editors. Split: MF Split; 2008. S. Šimunić, V. Vidjak, B. Brkljačić and others, we
Dentalna radiografija. Janković S, Miletić D, editors. Split: were hosts to S. Wallace (Houston/USA), Pocajt
MF Split; 2009.
(Maribor), D. Pavčnik (Ljubljana), H. Hricak and A.
Brkljačić B. Vaskularni ultrazvuk. Zagreb: Medicinska nak-
lada Zagreb; 2010. Margulis (San Francisco/USA), J. Matela (Maribor),

Radiol Oncol 2011; 45(2): 147-158.

 Simunic S et al. / Croatian Society of Radiology 153

L. Hórvath, C. Focafy, M. Kovey (Pécs/Hungary);

Ufflacker (Charleston/USA), and others.
The CSR and its members were entrusted the
organisation of the “Workshop – New Application
of CT and MRI“ – Elscint, Zagreb, 1996; “Visiting
Junior Radiologists to Eastern Europe“, Zagreb,
1995, 1997; a “Crash Course in CT”, on the occa-
sion of the acquisition of a large number of CT
devices by the Ministry of Health of the Republic
of Croatia, and the Croatian Institute for Health
Insurance.
It is worth remembering, recording and saving
from oblivion the works on radiology, from the old
days, but also from the most recent times, written
by radiology experts and teachers. Among them,
the book of Hodges et al was the first comprehen-
sive teaching material and great help to students
in acquiring necessary knowledge, in addition to
lectures, seminars and exercises for the Radiology
course (Table 1).
In addition to the publications listed in Table 1,
the CSR members radiologists published count-
less number of articles and chapters in journals,
encyclopaedias, and books, both in Croatia and
around the world, those being not only in the
field of radiology but also in other professions:
Marotti M, Klarić-Čustović R, Lovrenčić M, Krolo
I, Papa J, Agbaba M, Radanović B, Mandić A, Štern-
Padovan R, Mašković J, Sučić Z, Čavka K, Glavina
K, Borković Z, Ivanovi-Herceg Z, Camby-Sapunar FIGURE 3. The book of Stevo Radojević and St. Nikolić.
L, Brkljačić B, Kalousek M, Brajša M, Drinković Radojević S, Nikolić S. Grizlica kolačića i želuca [Ulcus duo-
I, Jakovac I, Gürtl R, Klenkar M, Čičin-Šain Š, deni et ventriculi]. Zagreb: Centralni rentgenološki institut
Marinšek- Čičin-Šain V, Sabolić A, Prpić-Hartl V, Medicinskog fakulteta u Zagrebu [Central Roentgen Institute of
Medical Faculty Zagreb]; 1927.
Bešenski N., S. Šimunić and many more.
The then Section of Radiology, in coopera-
tion with the central health institutions (the then
University Hospital “Dr. M. Stojanović” in Zagreb, the Head of the Department of Radiology in the
and the University Hospital Centre Zagreb), or- Bjelovar General Hospital.
ganized memorial meetings: a Memorial Meeting There was also held a Celebration of the 100th
Dedicated to the 5th Anniversary of he Death of Anniversary of the X-rays Discovery (1985-1995).
Prof. dr. Silvije Kadrnka (1902-1965) – in 1970, The Society thus joined marking of that event, re-
and an In Memoriam Symposium “Vladimir membered all around the world. On that occasion
Gvozdanović” (1914-1979) – in 1987. the Technical Museum Zagreb organised an exhi-
A Celebration of the 65th Anniversary of the bition on the Röntgen Rays Discovery 1985-1995
Croatian Society of Radiology (1928-1993) was (Figure 5); and an article: “Lovrenčić M, Marotti M,
held, with art programme and a performance by Bašić M. Iz povijesti medicinske primjene rentgenskih
the Physicians Singers of Zagreb choir, and a his- zraka u dijagnostičke svrhe u Hrvatskoj (From the histo-
torical overview in presence of numerous members ry of medical application of roentgen rays for diagnostic
of the CSR and the invitees. On that occasion, the purposes in Croatia)” was published, among others,
first logo of the CSR was also presented, designed in the accompanying book.11
by Krešimir Ivanček, academic painter – graphic
artist, Studio Color Soft, of Bjelovar, and after our
ideas and efforts made by Prim. Dr. Luka Ježek,

Radiol Oncol 2011; 45(2): 147-158.

154 Simunic S et al. / Croatian Society of Radiology

Professional journals is published 4 times per year, only in the English

language.12
Before the Second World War, a journal Radiološki
glasnik (Journal of Radiology) used to be published
for some time. The journal Radiologia Iugoslavica Current activities and
used to be published from 1966-1992, being a gazette congresses
of the Yugoslav Society of Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine. Out of 16 members of the Colegium Regular monthly expert meetings (8-10 times per
Redactorum until 1974, there were seven (44%) year) are held as a rule in the Great Hall of the
members from Croatia: Bašić M, Gvozdanović V, Croatian Medical Association, in Šubićeva Street in
Mark B, Martinčić N, Petrovčić F, Smokvina M and Zagreb. These meetings used to be held occasion-
Špoljar M. Just as an example of the participation of ally also in institutions out of Zagreb: in Bjelovar,
Croatian radiologists in the journal, let us mention Sisak, Karlovac, Varaždin, Krapinske toplice and
that out of the total of 9 articles in one particular is- even in Osijek, Split and Pula.
sue (Radiol Yugosl 8(1); 1974) 4 of them (44%) were Since the independence of Croatia and the
from Croatia. In the period from 1974-1990, out of founding of the Croatian Society of Radiology, five
the total of 27 Editorial Board members, 5 of them Elective Assemblies were held: 1992, 1996, 2000,
(18 %) were from Croatia: Ivančević D, Lovrenčić 2004 and 2008. Thus, the conditions were met (64
M, Popović S, Spaventi Š, Leković A, and out of years from its foundation and continuous activi-
the total of 24 Advisory Board members, 5 of them ties, and 95 years from the first practical applica-
(21%) were from Croatia: Kovačević D, Šimonović tion of X-rays in Croatia) for holding national radi-
I, Šimunić S, Dujmović M, Lovasić I. Just as an ex- ology congresses.
ample of the participation of Croatian radiologists The First Congress of the Croatian Society
in the journal, let us mention that out of the total of of Radiology with International Participation
27 articles in one particular issue (24[4];1990), 10 of was held in Opatija, from 11th – 15th October 1994,
them (37%) were from Croatia. in the Adriatic Hotel. On behalf of the European
A joint journal has been published since 1992 Association of Radiology, the Congress was greet-
– Radiology and Oncology, a journal devoted ed by the then president, Lodovico dalla Palma
to the publication of original contributions in di- (Trieste), and other invitees and guests. Out of the
agnostic and interventional radiology, CT, US, total of 155 lectures and 14 workshops, there were
MR, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy, clinical sixteen lectures (10%) and seven workshops (50%)
and experimental oncology, radiobiology, ra- from abroad. Beside the Croatian and foreign ex-
diophysics and radiation protection. The found- pert lectures, part of the lectures was dedicated al-
ers and publishers are the Slovenian Association so to historic topics on the development of radiolo-
of Radiology, the Slovenian Nuclear Medicine gy in the region: Šimunić S. (part of Croatia); Ježek
Society, the Slovenian Society for Radiotherapy L. (Bjelovar), Kačić P. (Dubrovnik) and Lovasić I.
and Oncology and the Slovenian Cancer Society, (Rijeka). There was a book also published on that
and the Croatian Medical Association / Croatian occasion: “Dijagnostička i intervencijska radiologija
Society of Radiology. The associated societies (Diagnostic and interventional radiology). Lovasić I,
are also the Societas Radiologorum Hungarorum Dujmović M, Budiselić B, Riman S, editors.13
and the Friuli-Venezia Giulia regional group of La The Second Congress of the Croatian Society
Società italiana per la radiologia medica (SIRM). of Radiology with International Participation was
The first editor-in-chief for many years was held in Osijek, from 23rd – 25th April 1998, in the
Tomaž Benulič (now editor-in-chief-emeritus). Croatian Army Hall.3 Out of the total of 150 lectures
He was succeeded by Gregor Serša. Out of the 38 and 38 posters, there were 20 lectures (13%) and 13
Editorial Board members (1992-2008), 9 of them posters (34%) from abroad. On the same occasion a
(24%) were from Croatia: Bešenski N, Boko H, book by Frković M was presented: “Radiološki atlas
Drinković I, Hebrang A, Lovrenčić M, Osmak M, probavnog sustava djece (A radiological atlas of the chil-
Papa J, Šimunić S, Lovasić I. The other members dren digestive track)”, and also a satellite mini-sym-
were from Slovenia, Hungary, Austria, Italy, USA, posium was held: “Nonionic Radiological Diagnostic
Australia, the Netherlands, Canada and Germany. Contrast Medium – OPTIRAY (Ioversol)”, by the
Since year 2008, out of the total of 30 Editorial company Byk-Gulden, Konstanz, Germany. In ad-
Board members, 3 of them (10%) are from Croatia: dition to the expert topics, the Congress also dis-
Osmak M, Štern-Padovan R, Miletić D. The journal cussed historic issues related to radiology in the re-

Radiol Oncol 2011; 45(2): 147-158.

 Simunic S et al. / Croatian Society of Radiology 155

gion: Glavina K, Vugrinec M, Dlouhy B, Sontacchi

B. The second section of lectures was dedicated
to current organisational developments in radiol-
ogy and radiation protection legislation (Hebrang
A, Grgić S, Kubelka D, Vekić B). The proceedings
were also published, including lectures and sum-
maries.
The Third Congress of the Croatian Society
of Radiology with International Participation
was held in Split, from 5th – 8th June 2002, in the
Marjan Hotel. Out of the total of 176 lectures and 80
posters, there were 53 lectures (30%) and 13 post-
ers (16%) from abroad. On the occasion of the con-
gress, a special issue of Acta Clinica Croatica (Acta
Clin Croat 2002; 41[Suppl 1]: 1-126.) was published,
which included 19 congress articles.4
The Fourth Congress of the Croatian Society of
Radiology with International Participation was
held in Zagreb, from 11th – 14th October 2006, in the
Westin Hotel. Out of the total of 177 lectures and 51
posters, there were 34 lectures (19%) and 3 posters
(6%) from abroad. The medical journal published a
special issue (Lijec Vjesn 2006; 128[Suppl 7]: 5-107.)
with summaries of lectures and posters. (12)

Key note lectures

The topics of expert meetings and other events in
radiology were various and the intention was to
follow all the new events. It is evident from the
archive material that various techniques were dis-
cussed as early as in 1964: lympho-gamma-scintig-
raphy (Spaventi Š, Bosnar M); lymphography tech-
nique with oil contrast medium (Temer B, Beronić
I), roentgen cinematography (Katunarić D), on the
principles of logetron work (Katunarić D.), on ro- FIGURE 4. Izložba. Otkriće rentgenskih zraka 1895-1995“. [Exhibition, Discovery of
tation and pendulum roentgen therapy (Bašić M), x-Ray, 1895-1995]. Zagreb 14.12.1995 – 18.02.1996. Zagreb: Tehnički muzej Zagreb
and a Report on the 1st Symposium on Radiology [Technical museum Zagreb]; 1995.

Protection (Petrovčić F), held in Portorož, was sub-

mitted.
A number of interesting radiology cases from dai-
ly practice (Hočušćak I) were discussed at the meet- eration between internal medicine-radiology for
ing held in the Varaždin General Hospital in 1965, the lecture: “Brachial angiography” (Čustović F,
and a lecture was given with reference to the World Gvozdanović V, Šimunić S – 1968); “Unusual form
Congress of Radiology in Rome (Katunarić D). of congenital lymphoedema” (cooperation of ra-
More than 40 years ago (1967) the application diology-surgery Prpić-Hartl V. Pasini M – 1968);
of ultrasound in diagnosis had been discussed “A case of morbus Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber”
(Ašperger Z). (Lovrenčić M, Georgijević A – 1968).
Lectures on radiology were not seldom pro- Particularly interesting lectures were given by
grammed together with other clinical professions, clinicians from other branches before radiological
as e.g. a lecture on “Three Cases of Urological audience: “Coordinated findings of radiologists
Diagnostics” (Kos V. and assoc. radiologists and and clinicians in pulmology“ (internal medicine
Čečuk LJ and assoc. urologists – 1968). Or coop- specialist Harambašić H – 1968); “Biliary tract dis-

Radiol Oncol 2011; 45(2): 147-158.

156 Simunic S et al. / Croatian Society of Radiology

In a review of the 2nd Diagnostic Course of the

International Society of Lymphology (Davos 1971),
Mihajlović N, Šimunić S, and Agbaba M talked
about the organisation of the course, the lympho-
gram analysis, new nomenclature and new views
in lymphography diagnostics.

Cooperations
In working and cooperating with many compa-
nies, manufacturers and suppliers of the neces-
sary working material, there are occasionally held
joined meetings aimed at providing information on
new products, technologies and methods. A round
table on enteroclysis was held (1992): “The small
barium enema (enteroclysis) with barium and
methylcellulose“ and “Die Technik der radiolo-
gischen Dündarmdiagnostik – Enteroclysis“, with
companies Nicholas GmbH Sulzbach and Aspro-
Nicholas Vienna, with the participation of lectur-
ers: Antes G (Sulzbach) and Holacky (Vienna), and
the radiologists: Mandić A, Dolenčić P, Frković M,
Kapetanović D and Tonković V, and the internal
FIGURE 5. The book of Milan Smokvina. Clinical roentgenol-
medicine specialists: Papa B, Vucelić B and Bilić A
ogy, bones and joints. Smokvina M, editor. Zagreb: Yugoslav of Zagreb.
Academy of Sciences and Arts; 1959. Another round table was held (1992) on
“Ultrasound in algorithm of diagnostic and
interventional procedures in renal disease”.
Introductory lectures were held by Odak D:
eases and role of roentgen diagnostics as viewed “Ultrasound diagnostics in inflammatory and ob-
through the prism of clinicians” (internal medi- structive renal diseases”; Drinković I: “Ultrasound
cine specialist Čerlek S – 1968); “Clinical aspects diagnostics of expansive renal processes and inter-
of chronic gastritis” (internal medicine specialist vention ultrasound”; and Brkljačić B: “Possibilities
Kallai L – 1968). of application of Doppler and colour-Doppler in
A lecture on “Lumbar myelography without renal diseases”. Sabljar-Matovinović M, Mrklić B,
anaesthesia using Mallinckrodt contrast media Agbaba M, Hebrang A, Marotti M and Kunštek N
Conray 60” was held on an expert meeting in Pula participated in the discussion.
(1969). The CSR occasionally cooperates with the
On pneumogynecography technique and appli- Slovenian colleagues – radiologists. Pavčnik
cation: lectured by Gjurin B – 1969; on transhepatic D (1993), of the Institute of Diagnostic and
cholangiography: Temer B – 1969; on testicular Interventional Radiology, the University Clinical
lymphography: Agbaba M and assoc. – 1969. Center Ljubljana, filled the whole-evening pro-
On the occasion of a visit paid by the col- gramme with lectures on intravascular stents,
leagues from Ljubljana, two reports were sub- microcatheters, subselective angiographies, tran-
mitted from the 12th International Congress of scatether embolizations and fibrinolysis and vena
Radiology – Tokyo 1969, Tabor L from Ljubljana cava filters.
and Gvozdanović V from Zagreb. An ever-topical issue of the protection of patients
In a whole-evening expert programme on “bron- and personnel from ionizing radiation was covered
chitis”, the topic was discussed by pulmonologists in two whole-evening programmes (1993) by the
and radiologists from the aspect of the clinical pic- most competent experts in the field: Hebrang A and
ture, the problems of public health service, the role Gunarić M – the Ministry of Health of the Republic
of functional analysis of breathing and roentgen of Croatia; Milković-Kraus S, Cerovac H and
diagnostics – 1970). Cesar D – the Institute for Medical Research and

Radiol Oncol 2011; 45(2): 147-158.

 Simunic S et al. / Croatian Society of Radiology 157

Occupational Health; Pokupec R – the Department The CSR and the Croatian Radiation Protection
of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Centre Association (1966) held a joint meeting, with two
Zagreb; Vekić B – the Ruđer Bošković Institute; particularly attractive, interesting and unusual
and Marović F – the Ministry of Labour and Social lectures: “Control without destruction in indus-
Welfare of the Republic of Croatia. try” (Krstelj V, Dean of the Faculty of Mechanical
The CSR contributed also to the celebration on Engineering and Naval Architecture in Zagreb),
the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Bjelovar and “Non-destructive methods in research and
General Hospital and Radiology Activities (1995), protection of works of art” (Braun M, Director of
when the lectures were, beside the hosts (Ježek L the Institute for the Conservation of Objects of Art,
and assoc.), held by Marotti M and assoc; and Papa Zagreb).
J and assoc. The Society members had an opportunity to
The CSR and the Radiological Diagnostics listen to and experience another interesting and
Department of the Karlovac General Hospital or- unusual programme when the then Section of
ganised a joint expert meeting (1995), with the Radiology was led by the president (1976-1986)
programme prepared by the hosts, which covered Prof. Duško Katunarić (1923-1986), and when
the historic development of radiology in Karlovac Tomislav Ladan (1932-2008), a Croatian writer, lin-
(Pavan G); algorithm of radiological examinations guist, translator, polyglot and lexicographer, held
in abdominal tumour diagnostics (Pavan G and a lecture titled: “Literature and medicine”.
assoc.); ten years of the ultrasound application in This overview of the 80 years of work is a mere
Karlovac (Popović A and assoc.); the value of ultra- attempt to remember, burdened with the present,
sound in diagnostics of choledocholithiasis (Baškot the “good old times” and save from oblivion at
A and assoc.). least one part of our rich radiological heritage. We
Along with one of the expert programmes (1995), are well aware of many shortcomings this over-
an occasional Christmas meeting was held, with a view may have, being the result of unpreserved
lecture on the comparison between CT and DSA in documentation from early stages, but also due to
evaluating the degree of the extension of bronchial the “holes” in the memory of the past not so long
carcinoma (Marušić P and assoc.), and an occasion- ago.
al Christmas address was given by Msgr. Matija
Stepinec, the parish priest of St. Peter’s Parish in
Zagreb; it was followed by a “Little Christmas References
Concert” (Snježana Arbanas, soprano, medical
1. Belicza B, Tucak A. Glasnik društva Slavonskih liječnika. Najstariji liječnički
student ABD, accompanied by piano played by časopis. Glasilo liječničke udruge u Hrvatskoj 1877-1878. Lijec Vjesn 2003;
Hlavomirka Bledšnajder, BAMus). 125: 213-22.
In one of the meetings (1996), the Ministry of 2. Šimunić S, Horvát L, Glavina K, Fornet B, Bešenski N, Vargha G, te al.
Health informed the CSR’s members about the Croatian-Hungarian radiological coopereation. Coll Antropol 2003; 2: 823-6.

condition of the radiological equipment in the 3. Drugi kongres Hrvatskog društva radiologa [The 2nd Congress of the
Croatian Society of Radiology]. Knjiga sažetaka [Book of Abstracts], Osijek,
Republic of Croatia, in comparison with other April 23rd-25th, 1998.
countries (Hebrang A); about the ionizing radiation
4. Treći kongres Hrvatskog društva radiologa [The 3rd Congress of the Croatian
legislation in force in relation to world standards Society of Radiology]. Split, June 5th-8th, 2002; Acta Clin Croat 2002;
(Grgić S and assoc.), and about the results of the 41(Suppl I): 1-126.

checks performed on medical sources of radiation 5. Sto let rentgenskih žarko kozi prizmom medicine, veterine in medikohistorik-
ov [100 years of x-rays through the prism medicine, veterinary nad medical
(Tonković V). historyans]. Glaser E, editor. Maribor: Medikohistorična sekcija Slovenije,
The cooperation with colleagues radiologists – SZD [Section for the history of medicine, Slovenian Medical Society]; 1998.
veterinary surgeons has already been pointed, but 6. Okrugli stol o intervencijskoj radiologiji. Šimunić S, Gürtl R, editora. Zagreb:
Zavod za radiologiju KBC Zagreb; 1981.
let us mention also that the CSR (1966) took part in
the celebration on the occasion of the 65th anniver- 7. Intervencijska radiologinja – perkutana transluminalna angioplastika
renalnih, koronarnih i perifernih arterija. Šimunić S, Šesto M, editor.
sary of the foundation and work of the Department Zagreb: Sekcija za radiologiju, Kardiološka i nefrološka sekcija Zbora liječnika
of Roentgenology and Physical Therapy of the Hrvatske; 1985.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Zagreb, when 8. Intervencijska radiologija. Mašković J, Boschi S, Stanić I, editors. Split; Sekcija
za radiologiju Zbora liječnika Hrvatske – Podružnica Split; 1986.
an overview of the historical development of the
Department, and scientific and professional co- 9. Radiologija. Hebrang A, Klarić-Čustović R, editors. Zagreb: Medicinska
naklada Zagreb; 2007.
operation with human medicine were presented
(Šehić M).

Radiol Oncol 2011; 45(2): 147-158.

158 Simunic S et al. / Croatian Society of Radiology

10. Šimunić S, Glavina K, Lovrenčić M. Radiology. Hebrang A, Klarić-Čustović R.

Radiologija, editor. Zagreb: Medicinska naklada Zagreb, 2007. Coll Antropol
2007; 31: 641-4.
11. Izložba. Otkriće rentgenskih zraka 1895-1995“ [Exhibition, Discovery of x-
Ray, 1895-1995]. Zagreb 14.12.1995 – 18.02.1996. Zagreb: Tehnički muzej
Zagreb [Technical Museum Zagreb]; 1995.
12. Pavcnik D. 60 years of the Slovenian Association of Radiology 1950-2010,
Radiol Oncol 2009; 43: 137-43.
13. Prvi kongres Hrvatskog društva radiologaM. Opatija / Rijeka 13.-15.10.1994.
[The 1st Congress of the Croatian Society of Radiology]. Lovasić I, Dujmović
M, Budiselić B, Riman S, editors. Rijeka: Dijagnostička i intervencijska radi-
ologija, Hrvatsko društvo radiologa, Klinički zavod za radiologiju Medicinskog
fakulteta u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Rijeka; 1994.
14. Četvrti kongres Hrvatskog društva radiologa, Zagreb 11.-14.10.2006. [The
4th Congress of the Croatian Society of Radiology]. Knjiga sažetaka [Abstract
Book]. Lijec Vjesn 2006; 128 (Suppl 7): 1-107.

Radiol Oncol 2011; 45(2): 147-158.