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BFC 3042 Chapter 4b
BFC 3042 Chapter 4b
Chapter 4
ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Earthwork Calculations
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BFC 3042 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal Shamshuddin
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BFC 3042 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal Shamshuddin
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BFC 3042 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal Shamshuddin
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BFC 3042 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin Shamshuddin
Borrow material:
Bulk density = 1.65 Mg/m3
Water content = 7%
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BFC 3042 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal Shamshuddin
Determine,
(a) Volume of borrow material required for 1 cubic meter of compacted road
embankment
(b) Volume of additional water required for the entire volume of
embankment.
(c) The number of truckloads of soil required if hauling capacity per truck is
10 m3.
(d) Cost of construction of embankment given the following costs:
Purchase and borrow pit material at site, haul 2 km round trip, and
spread with bulldozer = RM 50/m3
Extra haul for each km round trip = RM 5/m3
Compaction = RM 5/m3
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BFC 3042 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal Shamshuddin
(a)
Dry density of borrow material γdry = γbulk / (1 + w) = 1.65 / (1 + 0.07) = 1.54 Mg/m3
(b)
Total volume of embankment = AL = 20 x 10,000 = 200,000 m3
Additional water required = (OMC – WC) x γdry x V
= (0.10 – 0.07) x 1.70 x 200,000
= 10,200 Mg
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BFC 3042 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal Shamshuddin
(c)
Soil inside truck is in loose condition, i.e. volume is the volume after excavation
which is subjected to swelling (bulking).
Soil before excavation = 1.10 x 200,000 = 220,000 m3
Soil after excavation = 1.25 x 220,000 = 275,000 m3
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BFC 3042 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal Shamshuddin
(d)
Compaction cost = RM 5/m3 x 275,000 m3 = RM 1,375,000
Purchase and borrow pit material at site, haul 2 km round trip and spread
= RM 50/m3 x 275,000 m3 = RM 13,750,000
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BFC 3042 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal Shamshuddin
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