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Test Bank Chapter 1 Aamodt
Test Bank Chapter 1 Aamodt
W2. The use of _____ best distinguishes I/O psychology from related fields taught in business colleges.
a. statistics b. consultants
c. psychological principles d. intuition
3. I/O psychology examines factors that affect the _______ in an organization, whereas business fields
examine the broader aspects of running an organization.
a. people b. machines
c. stock performance d. I/O psychology examines all three factors
4. I/O psychologists who are involved in ________ study and practice in such areas as employee selection,
job analysis, and job evaluation.
a. personnel psychology b. organizational psychology
c. training and development d. human factors
6. Psychologists involved in _______ study leadership, job satisfaction, and employee motivation.
a. personnel psychology b. organizational psychology
c. training and development d. human factors
W7. Psychologists in the area of _______ concentrate on workplace design, man-machine interaction, and
physical fatigue.
a. personnel psychology b. organizational psychology
c. training and development d. human factors
8. Regardless of the official start date, I/O psychology was born in the:
a. mid 1800s b. late 1800s
c. early 1900s d. mid 1900s
11. The _____ were a husband and wife team who were among the first scientists to improve productivity and
reduce fatigue by studying the motions used by workers.
a. Watsons b. Scotts
c. Binghams d. Gilbreths
14. The ____ were characterized by passage of several major pieces of civil rights legislation.
a. 1930s b. 1960s
c. 1970s d. 1980s
15. The use of more sophisticated statistical techniques, a more aggressive approach in developing methods to
select employees, and an increased interest in the application of cognitive psychology to industry took
place in the:
a. 1920s and 30s b. 1940s and 50s
c. 1960s and 70s d. 1980s and 90s
W16. Which of the following is NOT a factor that will affect I/O psychology in the next decade?
a. Increases in technology b. Global economy
c. Global warming d. All 3 will affect I/O psychology
18. Compared to Ph.D.'s, master's level graduates are less often employed by:
a. universities b. consulting firms
c. the private industry d. the public sector
19. To get accepted into a graduate program in I/O psychology, a student usually must take which of the
following standardized tests?
a. LSAT b. MCAT
c. SAT d. GRE
20. Which of the following would a student in a doctoral program usually have to complete but a student in a
master’s program would not?
a. Thesis b. Dissertation
c. Internship d. A statistics course
21. According to your text, the most important reason for the reliance on research is that it ultimately:
a. reduces accidents b. saves an organization money
c. increases employee satisfaction d. reduces turnover
22. Which of the following was NOT a reason why you should understand research and statistics?
a. answering questions b. research is part of everyday life
c. common sense is often wrong d. all of these are reasons
W23. A(n) _______ is an educated prediction about the answer to our research question.
a. assumption b. belief
c. hypothesis d. guess
25. Which of the following is the reason for WHY a study obtains certain results?
a. Hypothesis b. Idea
c. Postulation d. Theory
30. Which of the following contain articles usually written by professional writers who have little expertise in a
given field?
a. Journals b. Magazines and journals
c. Magazines d. None of these is correct
W31. A researcher who asks, "Will the results of laboratory research generalize to organizations in the real
world?” is concerned with:
a. internal validity b. external validity
c. face validity d. construct validity
33. To ensure that subjects are participating in a study of their own free will, researchers must obtain :
a. permission from the APA b. a writ of mandamus from the participant
c. informed consent from the participant d. a valid control group
36. Which of the following research methods can determine a cause and effect relationship?
a. Correlational method b. Quasi-experimental method
c. Archival method d. Experimental method
38. The variable that we expect to change as a result of our manipulation is called the:
a. independent variable b. dependent variable
c. intervening variable d. control variable
39. Manipulating the _____ best distinguishes experimental research methods from other research methods.
a. dependent variable b. intervening variable
c. statistical results d. independent variable
40. In an experiment designed to test the effect of noise on employee performance, noise is the ______ and
employee performance is the ______.
a. dependent variable/independent variable b. dependent variable / control variable
c. independent variable/dependent variable d. control variable / dependent variable
41. Researchers at IBM think that employees who get to chose their own working hours will be more satisfied
than those who do not. To test this idea, IBM employees at the Dallas facility are told that they can chose
their own hours. Six months later, the satisfaction level of employees in the Dallas facility is compared to
employees in the Knoxville facility. The employees in the Knoxville facility are considered the:
a. dependent variable b. control group
c. experimental group d. independent variable
42. The main difference between a quasi-experiment and an experiment is that the independent variable:
a. is manipulated in an experiment b. is manipulated in a quasi-experiment
c. has 3 levels in an experiment d. cannot be measured in a quasi-experiment
43. Even though they lack control, ____ are used due to ____ reasons.
a. experiments / ethical b. correlational designs / historical
c. archival methods / statistical d. quasi-experiments/ethical & practical
44. _____ research sacrifices external validity for control of extraneous variables whereas
_____ research sacrifices the control of extraneous variables for external validity.
a. Laboratory / field b. Field / laboratory
c. Archival / quasi-experimental d. Quasi-experimental /archival
45. Which of the following research methods uses previously collected company records?
a. Experimental b. Survey
c. Archival d. Meta-analysis
46. If I went through my employee files to determine what type of person makes the best
employee, I would probably be conducting:
a. archival research b. a meta-analysis
c. a field study d. an experiment
47. Which of the following survey methods has the lowest response rate?
a. Interview b. Email
c. Mail d. The three have equal response rates
48. If you used an email survey, your results would be representative of the population in terms of:
a. sex b. race
c. both sex and race d. neither sex nor race
49. Which of the following will increase the response rates to mailed surveys?
a. Include a monetary incentive b. Keep the survey under 4 pages
c. Have a university sponsor the survey d. All will increase response rates
50. A researcher sent a survey containing 5 questions to a sample of 500 employees. The wording was easy to
understand and the researcher offered a financial incentive yet few employees returned the survey. What
might be the reason for this low response?
a. The number of questions b. The use of a financial incentive
c. The easy-to-understand wording d. None of the three is a reasonable explanation
51. _______ is a method of reaching conclusions based on the statistical combination of several previous
research studies.
a. The experimental method b. Quasi-experimental analysis
c. Archival research d. Meta-analysis
52. In a meta-analysis conducted to see if a particular training method is better than another,
the proper effect size to use would be:
a. d b. r
c. Z d. t
53. Meta-analyses looking at the difference between two groups would use ___ as the effect size whereas meta-
analyses looking at the relationship between two variables would use ___ as the effect size.
a. d / r b. r / d
c. t / d d. t / F
55. The statistical "averaging" of effect sizes across previous empirical studies defines:
a. experimental research b. meta-analysis
b. correlational research d. archival research
56. A large research sample is nice to have, however, it may not be necessary if the experimenter can choose a
______ sample and control for many of the ______ variables.
a. random / extraneous b. extraneous / random
c. representative / nuisance d. homogeneous / confounding
57. The majority of research in the field of I/O psychology is conducted at universities using students as
subjects rather than employees. In fact, college students serve as subjects in approximately ____ percent of
all published I/O research.
a. 5% b. 50%
c. 85% d. 99%
58. In general, the majority of the research comparing college student samples with actual employee samples
conclude that college students behave _______ real world samples.
a. similar to b. different than
c. No research is available d. The research results are inconsistent
59. A _____ implies that each person in the population has an equal chance of being selected.
a. random sample b. convenience sample
b. random assignment c. convenience assignment
61. A teacher wants to see if there are any differences in the test scores of students who take her exam on the
computer and those who take her exam the traditional paper and pencil way. Students with an odd digit at
the end of their student ID number are required to take her midterm exam on the computer and those with
an even digit are required to take a paper and pencil exam. Her study has a _____ sample with _____.
a. random / random assignment b. convenience / random assignment
c. convenience / nonrandom assignment d. random / nonrandom
62. After all the data have been collected, the results are then:
a. filed for future use b. shared between colleagues
c. statistically analyzed d. data collection never ends
64. The statistical significance of research results tell us the probability that:
a. our results were due to chance b. our results are useful
c. our results are biased d. all of these are true
65. Significance levels tell us the ______ significance of a study and effect size tells us the _______ of a study.
a. statistical / alpha level b. practical / beta level
c. practical / statistical significance d. statistical / practical significance
67. If a researcher calculated a correlation coefficient of r = 1.27 between two variables, you would conclude
that there is a(n):
a. high correlation b. very low correlation
c. error in the calculation d. moderately low positive correlation
68. The use of correlational analysis does not allow you to infer a cause and effect relationship. This is
because a third variable, a(n) ______ variable, often accounts for the relationship between the two
variables.
a. intervening b. nuisance
c. confounding d. dependent
69. A researcher finds a strong correlation between job satisfaction and performance. What can he conclude
from this correlation?
a. Satisfaction causes good performance b. Good performance causes job satisfaction
c. Satisfaction and performance are related d. He can conclude all three
70. In a ______ ethical dilemma, there is a high level of uncertainty as to what is right or wrong.
a. rationalizing b. Type A
c. type B d. deconstructive
72. What are the three reasons your book listed for why you should be interested in research?
answer questions and make decisions
we encounter research everyday
common sense is often wrong
73. What are the three sampling methods listed in the text?
random selection
convenience
random assignment
74. What are the differences between ideas, hypotheses, and theories?
1. B 2 36. D 21
2. C 2 37. A 21
3. A 2 38. B 21
4. A 4 39. D 21
5. D 4 40. C 21
6. B 4 41. B 21
7. D 5 42. A 21-22
8. C 5 43. D 22
9. C 5 44. A 20
10. A 5 45. C 22
11. D 5 46. A 22
12. B 8 47. B 24
13. A 8 48. A 24
14. B 8 49. D 24-25
15. D 8 50. D 25
16. C 9 51 D 25
17. A 10 52. A 26
18. A 10 53. A 26
19. D 11 54. A 26
20. B 13 55. B 26
21. B 13 56. A 28
22. D 13-14 57. B 27
23. C 15 58. D 28
24. D 15 59. A 28
25. D 15 60. B 28
26. C 16 61. B 28
27. B 17 62. C 29
28. A 17 63. B 29
29. D 18 64. A 29
30. C 18 65. D 29
31. B 19 66. D 30
32. D 20 67. C 30
33. C 20 68. A 29
34. A 20 69. C 30
35. D 21 70. B 31