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Chemical Bonding
Chemical Bonding
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BANSAL CLASSES
CHGMISTRY
TARGET TIT JEE 2007
XI (P Q, R S)
? ?
CHEMICAL BONDING
CONTENTS
KEYCONCEPTS
EXERCISE-I
EXERCISE -//
ANSWER KEY
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Type of Bond
I I
Chemical bond Typical Bonds Force of attraction \
(a) Old Electron (1) vander Waals Force }
~~~1 \ i (b) Back Bonding (2) Hydrogen Bonding I depends
Ionic Co-ordinate Covalent Metallic (c) Banana Bonding (a) Inter H-bonding \ on atomic
(1) Electrovalency (1) Lewis acid (1) Sharing of (b) Inter H-bonding J weight
(2) Lewis base electrons (3) Ion-dipole 1
(2) Inert Pair Effect (4) Dipole-Dipole /
(2) Covalency
(3) Loss & Gain
of electrons (3) Favourable
Conditions
(4) Favourable 3,4, 5,6
Conditions valence electrons
(a) Low I.E.
(b) High E.A. (5) General
(c) High Lattice Characteristic
Energy (a) Low M.P. & B.P.
(b) Liq. General
(5) General (c) General poor
Characteristic conductor of
(a) Good electrolytes electricity
(b) Crystalline
(c) High Melting Point (5) Distortion due to
(d) Fast reactions E.N. difference
'Dipole Moment'
(5) Distortion
(a) Polarising Power (6) Theories
(b) Polarisability (a) Singlet Linkage
(b) VBT(hybridisation)
(c) VESPER
(d) MOT
oc _ L _ , _ J _ , — I —
MPt. BPt. Thermst.
CO-ORDINATE BOND
Bonding between lewis acid & lewis base or electron deficient & electron rich species.
Lewis base: Species with lone pair on' central atom' available for donation, eg. NH3, HjO
charge
Lewis acid: Electron deficient due to incomplete octal, vacant P or d orbital & high+ve — : ratio.
S1Z6
CT2S
(a) (b)
Molecular-orbital energy patterns for homonuclear diatomic molecules. (a) Diagram for molecules with
low-lying 2s-orbitals. (b) Diagram for N2 and lighter homonuclear diatomics.
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Total no. No. of b.p. No. of General Type of Stereo Shape Exam.
of hybrid (bond pairs) unshared formula hybridisations chemical
orbitals pair i.e. / formula
B
1 ,B
5 5 0 AB5 sp3d B—A" Trigonal PF 5 >
B
3 I ,-B
5 4 1 AB4 sp d :A" Seesaw SF 4
AX
B .
I •
3 2 AB3 sp3d B — PS T-shaped CIF3
5
A>> BrF3'
5 2 3 AB2 sp3d IV
:A- Linear ICI2"
XeF2
R B1 ,-B
6 6 0 AB6 sp3d2 B.. Octahedral SF6
B^ANB
R B
6 5 1 AB5 sp3d2 \
•• 1A- , - B Square IFS
pyramidal
B ^ N B
T ,B
6 4 2 AB4 sp3d2 Square IF 4
B < ' > B
planar XeF4
B B
7 7 0 AB7 sp3d3 R. I/. B
Pentagonal IF7
bipyramidal
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Metallic
A
Ag Na^Bi
Na3Sb
Na 3 P
Te Na3N
/ s /
I,-CIF-0F,-NF3-CCl4-BF3-BeF-,-Na,0
\
/ " \
F 2 - IF 7 - SF 6 - PF 5 - S iF 4 - A1F3 - M g F 2 - CsF
Covalent Ionic
RESONANCE
+ Delocalisations of 7r electron cloud in between orbitals ofvarious atoms in a molecule (provided all the
atoms are in the same plane)
+ Exists where more than one Lewis dot structure are possible for a molecule.
+ Resonance causes stablisation of the molecule & difference in the energies of hybrid & other structure is
termed as Resonance energy.
+ R.E. -> Experimental heat of formation-Theoretical heat of formation.
+ The properties ofthe actual structure (Resonance hybrid) are decided by the weighed average (depending
on stability) ofthe contributing molecule.
+ More the resonating structure more stable the molecule becomes.
FORCES OF ATTRACTION (WEAKER BONDS)
+ Metallic bonds: Electron gas model or sea model, with metal atom existing as kernels along with less
firmly held valence e~s & bonds between various kernels (at the lattice site) & valence e~s is known as
metallic bonds.
+ Hydrogen bonding: When a hydrogen atom is linked to a highly electronegative atom (like F, O or N)
comes under the influence of another strongly electronegative atom, then a weak bond is developed
between them, which is called as hydrogen bond.
Types of H-bonding:
+ Intermolecular
+ Intramolecular
Applications in:
(a) Association of a molecule as in carboxylic acid.
(b) Dissociation of a polar species.
(c) Abnormal melting point & boiling point.
(d) Enhanced solubility in water.
+ Ion dipole attraction
+ Dipole-dipole attraction
+ Ion-induced dipole attraction
+ Dipole-Induced Dipole attraction
+ Induced -dipole Induced Dipole attraction
<!§Bansal Classes Chemical Bonding [13]
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SOME TYPICAL BONDS
1. Odd electron bond:
+ These include one electron bond and three electron bond.
+ The example of one electron bond is H2 •
+ According to the spectroscopic data, the dissociation energy of H 2 is 60.0 cals which means that it is
one electron bond because average dissociation energy of H 2 is nearly 100 cals.
+ The bond is only half as strong as a shared electron pair bond.
+ NO and N0 2 are the examples of odd molecules having three electron bonds e.g.
O 0
:N=0: N'
• •
+ The three electron bond is formed when the two atoms are identical or have nearly same electronegativity.
+ The three electron bonds is also about half as strong as a normal bond.
2. Back bonding:
+ If among the bonded atoms, one atom has a vacant orbital & another has excess of
e~s then a sort of TC bonding takes place between he two. If this is between 'P' orbitals of the two, this is
known as prc-prc back bonding.
+ Most efficient when the atoms are very small & the orbitals involved of the two are of same energy level.
3. Banana bond:
+ This type of bonding is present in B2H6.
+ This structure shows that there are two types of
hydrogen atom-Terminals and bridging.
MISCELLANEOUS CONCEPT
105\ /95
H H H H
(c) If C. A. is same & bonded atoms different then bond angle increases as the attached atom size increases.
2. Paramagnetic nature.
(a) Use of MOT for diatomic molecules
(b) Use of Lewis dot structure for the rest.
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EXERCISE -1
IONIC BOND
Q.l An ionic bond g- is most likely to be formed when:
(A) the ionization energy of.4 is high and the electron affinity o f B is low
(B) the ionization energy ofA is low and the electron affinity o f B is high
(C) the ionization energy o f A and the electron affinity of2? is high
(D) the ionization energy of A and the electron affinity o f B is low
Q. 2 Which of the following compounds of elements in group IV is expected to be most ionic ?
(A) PbCl 2 (B) PbCl 4 (C) CC/4 (D) SiCl 4
Q.ll Which of the following statements is/are true for BaO and MgO ?
(A) BaO is more ionic than MgO (B) MgO is more ionic than BaO
(C) BaO has a higher melting point than A/gO (D) MgO has a higher melting point than BaO
Q.12 Whether this reaction is possible or not.
T1++A13+ >AT + T13+
Q.13 Most ionic compounds have:
(A) high melting points and low boiling points
OB) high melting points and nondirectional bonds
(C) high solubilities in polar solvents and low solubilities in nonpolar solvents
(D) three-dimensional network structures, and are good conductors ofelectricity in the molten state
Q.14 Among the following, the element which show inert-pair effect are:
(A) Bi (B)Sn (C)Pb (D)C
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COVALENT BOND
Q.16 A sigma bond may be formed by the overlap of 2 atomic orbitals of atoms ^ and B. Ifthe bond is formed
along as the x-axis, which of the following overlaps is acceptable ?
(A) s orbital ofA and p2 orbital of5 (B) px orbital oL4 and py orbital ofB
(C) p2 orbital ofA and px orbital o f 5 (D) px orbital ofA and s orbital o f B
Q.17 The maximum covalency is equal to
(A) the number of unpaired /^-electrons
(B) the number of paired ^-electrons
(C) the number ofunpaired s and /^-electrons
(D) the actual number of s and /^-electrons in the outermost shell.
Q.18 How many bonded electron pairs are present in IF1 molecule:
(A) 6 (B)7 (C) 5 (D) 8
Q.19 PCl5 exists but NCls does not because:
(A) Nitrogen has no vacant 2J-orbitals (B) NCl5 is unstable
(C) Nitrogen atom is much smaller than P (D) Nitrogen is highly inert
Q.20 Which of the following has/have a strong covalent bond?
(A) Cl-F (B)F-F (C)C-Cl (D)C-F
Q.21 Which of the following statements is/are true?
(A) Covalent bonds are directional
(B) Ionic bonds are nondirectional
(C) A polar bond is formed between two atoms which have the same electronegativity value.
(D) The presence of polar bonds in a polyatomic molecule suggests that it has zero dipole moment
Q.22 Rotation around the bond (between the underlined atoms) is restricted in:
(A) C2H4 (B)H 2 0 2 (C) Al2Cl6 (D) C2H6
Q.23 The octet rule is not obeyed in:
(A) C02 (B) BCl, (C) PCl5 (D) SiF4
Q.24 Which ofthe following two substances are expected to be more covalent:
(A) BeCl2 (B) SnCl4 (C) ZnS (D) ZnCl2
Q. 25 To which of the following species octet rule is not applicable:
(A) BrFs (B) SF6 (C) IF, (D)CO
Q. 26 Which ofthe following species are hypervaient?
1. C104- 2. BF3, 3. S0 4 2 -, 4. C0 3 2 ~
(A)l,2,3 (B) 1,3 (C)3,4 (D)l,2
Q.27 AgN03 gives a white precipitate with NaCl but not with CC/4. Why ?
CO-ORDINATE BOND
Q.28 NH3 and BF3 combine readily because of the formation of:
(A) a covalent bond (B) a hydrogen bond (C) a coordinate bond (D) an ionic bond
Q. 29 Which of the following species contain covalent coordinate bond:
(A) AlCl, (B) CO (C) [Fe(CN)6r (D) N;
LEWIS STRUCTURE
Q.30 Which of the following Lewis diagrams is(are) incorrect ?
:C/: H
I H H
H-N-H
(A) Na-O-Cl: (B) P
iCl-
(C)
H
1 (D) H-N-N-H
RESONANCE
Q.38 Resonating structures of a molecule should have:
(A) identical bonding (B) identical arrangement of atoms
(C) nearly the same energy content (D) the same number of paired electrons
Q. 3 9 Which ofthe following conditions apply to resonating structures ?
(A) The contributing structures should have similar energies
(B) The contributing structures should be represented such that unlike formal charges reside on atoms
that are far apart
(C) The more electropositive element should preferably have positive formal charge and the more
electronegative element have negative formal charge
(D) The contributing structures must have the same number ofunpaired electrons
Q.40 N20 has a linear, unsymmetrical structure that may be thought ofas a hybrid oftwo resonance forms. If
a resonance form must have a satisfactory Lewis structure, which ofthefivestructures shown below are
the resonance forms of N20 ?
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Q. 63 The bond angle and hybridization in ether (CH 3 0CH 3 ) is:
(A) 106°51',^3 (B) 104°31', sp3 (C) 109° 28'sp 3 (D) None of these
Q. 64 The enolic form of acetone contains:
(A) 9 sigma, 1 pi bond and 2 lone pairs (B) 8 sigma, 2 pi bond and 2 lone pairs
(C) 10 sigma, 1 pi bond and 1 lone pairs (D) 9 sigma, 2 pi bond and 1 lone pairs
Q. 65 The shape of a molecule which has 3 bond pairs and one lone pair is :
(A) Octahedral (B) Pyramidal (C) Triangular planar (D) Tetrahedral
Q. 66 Which molecule is /"shaped:
(A) BeF2 (B) BCl3 (C) NH3 (D) CIF3
Q. 67 Maximum s-character is in bonds formed by (*) atom:
(A)CH4 (B )ie03 (C)Xe0 6 4 - (D)SF 4
Q. 68 Which ofthe following species is (are) isostructural with XeF4 ?
(A) ICl4 (B)/" (C) BrF4 (D) Xe04
Q. 69 A hydrazine molecule is split in NH2 and NH~ ions. Which of the following statements is/are correct ?
(A) NH2 shows sp2 - hybridisation whereas NH; shows sp3 - hybridisation
(B) Al(OH)4 has a regular tetrahedral geometry
(C) sp2 - hybridized orbitals have equals- andp- character
(D) Hybridized orbitals always form a - bonds
Q. 70 There is change in the type of hybridisation when:
(A) NH3 combines with H+ (B) AIH3 combines with H~
(C) NH3 forms NH~2 (D) SiF4 forms SiF2'
Q. 71 Which of the following statement is/are correct
(A) Hybridisation is the mixing of atomic orbitals prior to their combining into molecular orbitals:
(B) sp3d2 - hybrid orbitals are at 90° to one another
(C) sp3d - hybrid orbitals are directed towards the corners of a regular tetrahedron
(D) sp3d2 - hybrid orbitals are directed towards the corners of a regular octahedron
Q.72 A c-bond may between two px orbitals containing one unpaired electron each when they approach
each other appropriately along:
(A) x - axis (B)j>- axis (C) z - axis (D) any direction
Q. 73 Indicate the wrong statement:
(A) A sigma bond has no free rotation around its axis
(B)p-orbitals always have only sideways overlap
(C) s-orbitals never form k - bonds
(D) There can be more than one sigma bond between two atoms
Q.74 sp3 hybridisation is in:
(A) AIH~ (B) CH; (C) C102 (D) NH~2
Q.7 5 Which ofthe following pairs is (are) isostructural?
(A) SF4 and SiF4 (B) SF6 and SiF2' (C) SiF2' and SeF2' (D) XeO*~ and TeF2'
Q. 76 Which ofthe following has (have)2octahedral geometry:
(A) SbCl; (B) SnCl ' (C) XeF6 (D) 10,5 -
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Q. 81 The structure of XeF6 is:
(A) pentagonal bipyramidal (B) distorted octahedral (C) capped octahedral (D) square pyramidal
Q. 82 Using VSEPR theory identify the type ofhybridisation and draw the structure of OF . 2
M.O.T
Q.84 Arrange the following in order of decreasing N-0 bondlength: NO;,NO;,NO;
(A) no; > NO; > no; (B) no; > no; > no;
(C) no; > no; > no; (D) no; > no; > no;
Q. 85 Number of non bonding electrons in N is :
2
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Q.98 Giventhe species: N2,CO,CN~ and N0+. Which ofthe following statements are true for these
(A) All species are paramagnetic (B) The species are isoelectronic
(C) All the species have dipole moment (D) All the species are linear
Q. 99 Which of the following have unpaired electron(s)
(A)0+2 (B)0 2 - (C) NO (D) HI
Q. 100 Which of the following are diamagnetic ?
(A) C2 (B) 022- (C) U2 (D) N;
Q. 101 Which of the following are paramagnetic ?
(A)B2 (B)02 (C) N2 (D) He2
Q. 102 Which of the following species have a bond order of 3 ?
(A) CO (B) CN' (C) M T (D) 02+
Q. 103 Among the following, the species with one unpaired electron are:
(A)o; (B )NO (C )0-2 (D )B2
Q. 104 Which of the following pairs have identical values of bond order ?
(A) N; and 02 (B) F2 and Ne2 (C) 02 and B2 (D) C2 and N2
Q. 10 5 Which of the following is correct ?
(A) During N; formation, one electron each is removed from the bonding molecular orbitals
(B) During 02 formation, one electron each is removed from the antibonding molecular orbitals
(C) During 0'2 formation, one electron each is added to the bonding molecular orbitals
(D) During CN~ formation, one electron each is added to the bonding molecular orbitals
Q. 106 Find out the bond order of:
(a) H2 (b) H+2 (C) He2 (d) Li2 (e) Be2 (f) B2
Q. 107 Identify the molecules or atoms or ionsfromthe following molecular orbital energy level formulations.
The species should be selected from (B2, C 2 ,0 2 2 + , 0 2 , F2, N 2 )
(a) KKa(2s)2 a(2s)2%(2pxf n(2pyf
OTHER FORCES
Q. 112 Which ofthe following models best describes the bonding within a layer ofthe graphite structure ?
(A) metallic bonding (B) ionic bonding
(C) non-metallic covalent bonding (D) van der Waals forces
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Q. 113 The critical temperature of water is higher than that of 02 because the H20 molecule has:
(A) fewer electrons than 02 (B) two covalent bonds
(C) V - shape (D) dipole moment
Q. 114 Ethanol has a higher boiling point than dimethyl ether though they have the same molecular weight. This
is due to:
(A) resonance (B) coordinate bonding (C) hydrogen bonding (D) ionic bonding
Q. 115 Arrange the following in order of decreasing boiling point:
(I) «-Butane (n) «-Butanol (HI) »-Butyl chloride (IV) Isobutane
(A) i v >111 >11 >1 (B) IV >11 >111 >1 (C) / > / / > / / / > IV (D) / / > / / / > / > IV
Q. 116 Which ofthe following compounds would have significant intermolecular hydrogen bonding ?
HF, CH3OH, N204, CH4
(A) HF, N204 (B) HF, CH4, CH3OH (C) HF, CH3OH (D) CHfiH, CH4
Q. 117 For H202, H2S, H20 and j j f , the correct order of increasing extent of hydrogen bonding is:
(A) H20 >HF> H202 > H2S (B) H20 >HF> H2S > H202
(C) HF > H20 > H202 > H2S (D) H202 > H20 >HF> H2S
Q. 118 Iron is harder than sodium because
(A) iron atoms are smaller (B) iron atoms are more closely packed
(C) metallic bonds are stronger in sodium (D) metallic bonds are stronger in iron
Q. 119 Which one ofthe following does not have intermolecular H-bonding?
(A^O (B)o-nitro phenol (C)HF (D)CH 3 COOH
Q. 120 The order of strength of hydrogen bonds is:
(A)CIH...CI > NH...N > 0H...0 > FH..F (B) CIH...CI < NH...N < 0H...0 < FH..F
(C) C1H...CI <NH...N > 0H...0 > FH..F (D) CIH...CI <NH...N < OH...0 > FH..F
Q. 121 Which of the following exhibit/s H-bonding?
(A)CH 4 (B) HjSe (C)N 2 H 4 (D^S
Q. 122 Among the following, van der Waals forces are maximum in
(A)HBr (B)LiBr (C)LiCl (D)AgBr
Q. 123 The //bond in solid HF can be best represented as:
/a\
(A) H-F....H-F....H-F
F F
(B)
H'
\
H ,H
F" ,H
/ / nH 1H
H H H
0C) ,.- (D) F^ "" F F ""• F
F ^/z"
Q. 124 The volatility ofHF is low because of:
(A) its low polarizability (B) the weak dispersion interaction between the molecules
(C) its small molecular mass (D) its strong hydrogen bonding
Q. 125 The melting point of AIF3 is 104° C and that of SiF4 is - 77° C (it sublimes) because:
(A) there is a very large difference in the ionic character of the Al-F and Si - F bonds
(B)in AIFS, Al3+ interacts very strongly with the neighbouring F~ ions to give a three dimensional
structure but in SiF4 no interaction is possible
(C) the silicon ion in the tetrahedral SiF4 molecule is not shielded effectively from the fluoride ions
whereas in AIF3, the Ali+ ion is shielded on all sides
(D) the attractive forces between the SiF4 molecules are strong whereas those between the AIF3 molecules
are weak
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Q. 126 Two ice cubes are pressed over each other and unite to form one cube. Which force is responsible for
holding them together:
(A) van der Waal's forces (B) Covalent attraction
(C) Hydrogen bond formation , (D) Dipole-dipole attraction
Q. 127 Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is found in:
(A) Salicylaldehyde (B) Water (C)Acetaldehyde (D) Phenol
Q. 128 The pairs of bases in DNA are held together by:
(A) Hydrogen bonds (B) Ionic bonds (C) Phosphate groups (D) Deoxyribose groups
Q.l 29 In dry ice there are:
(A) Ionic bond (B) Covalent bond (C) Hydrogen bond (D) None of these
O H
Q.130 r ^ ^ N T - C H O
MISCELLEANEOUS
Q.139 Among K0 , AlO;, Ba0 and NO: unpaired electronis present in:
K0 (B) NO} and Ba0 (C) K0 and AlO; (D) Ba0 only
2 2
(A) 2 only 2 2 2
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Q. 141 Which of the following contains (electrovalent) and non-polar (covalent) bonds ?
(A) CH4 (B)H 2 0 2 (C)NH 4 Cl (D) HCN
Q. 142 The types of bond present in N 2 0 5 are
(A) only covalent (B) only ionic
(C) ionic and covalent (D) covalent & coordinate
Q. 143 The types of bonds present in CuSO^SH^O are
(A) electrovalent and covalent (B) electrovalent and coordinate covalent
(C) covalent and coordinate covalent (D) electrovalent, covalent and coordinate covalent
Q. 144 For which ofthe following crystalline substances does the solubility in water increase upto 3 2° C and
then decrease rapidly ?
(A) CaCl 2 .2H 2 0 (B) Na 2 S0 4 .10H 2 0 (C) FeS0 4 .7H 2 0 (D)Alums
Q. 145 Which of the following has been arranged in order of decreasing dipole moment ?
(A) CH3C1 > CH3F > CH3Br > CH3I (B) CH3F > CH3Cl > CH3Br > CH3I
(C) CH3Cl > CH3Br > CH3I > CH3F (D) CH3F > CH3Cl > CH3I > CH3Br
Q. 146 Which ofthe following has the least dipole moment
(A) NF3 (B) C02 (C) S02 (D) NH3
Q. 147 The experimental value of the dipole moment of HCl is 1.03 D. The length of the H -CI bond is
\215A. The percentage ofionic character in HCl is:
(A) 43 (B)21 (C)17 (D)7
ciCI a (
Q. 148 The dipole moment of [ Q
X | is 1.5Z). The dipole moment of
V v .CI
[Of is:
*a
CI
(A)0 D (B) 1.5 D (C) 2.86 Z) (D)2.25£>
(C) C0 2 (D)
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Q. 169 Which of the following has been arranged in order of decreasing bond length ?
(A) P-0>Cl-0>S-0 (B) P-0>S-0>Cl-0
(C) S-0>Cl-0>P-0 (D) Cl-0>S-0>P-0
Q. 170 If a molecule MX3 has zero dipole moment, the sigma bonding orbitals used by A/(atm. no. < 21) are:
(A) pure/? (B) sp hybrid (C) sp2 hybrid (D) sp1 hybrid
Q. 171 How many sigma and pi bonds are present in tetracyanoethylene ?
(A) Nine o and nine 7t (B) Five k and nine o (C) Nine a and seven n (D) Eight o and eight iz
Q. 172 Among the following species, which has the minimum bond length ?
(A)B2 (B)C2 (C)F2 (D)0 2
Q. 173 Which has higher bond energy:
(A)F 2 (B )Cl2 (C) Br2 (D)/ 2
Q. 174 The bond angle in PH is: 3
Q. 178 Of the following species which has the shortest bond length NO, NO , N0 + 2+ and NO' ?
Q. 179 Arrange the following species in decreasing order of bond angle.
NO+,NO 2 ,NO;
Q. 180 In the hydrides of group VI elements the central atoms involve sp3 hybridisation but the bond angles
H 0,
decrease in the order, 2 H2S, H2Si, H2Te . How would you account for this ?
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EXERCISE - II
Choose the correct alternative (only one correct answer). [2 x 45 = 90]
Q.l The bond between carbon atom(l) & carbon atom(2) in compound
N = C-CH = CH2 involves the hybrids as : [ JEE '87]
(A) sp2 & sp2 (B) sp3 & sp (C) sp & sp2 (D) sp & sp
Q.2 Amongst the trihalides of nitrogen, which one is least basic? [JEE '87]
(A) NF3 (B) NC13 (C) NBr3 (D) NI3
Q.3 Hydrogen bonding is maximum in [JEE '87]
(A) Ethanol (B) Diethylether (C) Ethyl chloride (D) Triethylamine
2
Q.4 The species which the central atom uses sp hybrid orbitals in its bonding is [JEE'88]
(A) PH3 (B) NH3 (C) CH3+ (D) SbH3
Q.5 The molecule that has linear stucture is [JEE'88]
(A) C0 2 (B) N 0 2 (C) S0 2 (D) Si0 2
Q.6 The compound which has zero dipole moment is [JEE'89]
(A) CH2C12 (B) BF3 (C) NF3 (D) C102
Q.7 Which of the following is paramagnetic [JEE'89]
(A) 0 2 - (B) CN" (C) CO (D) NO+
Q.8 The molecule which has pyramidal shape is [JEE'89]
(A) PC13 (B) S0 3 (C) C 0 3 2 - (D) NO3
3
Q.9 The compound in which C uses its sp hybrid orbitals for bond formation is : [JEE'89]
A
( ) HCOOH (B) (H2N)CO (C) (CH3)3COH (P) CH3CHO
Q. 10 The C - H bond distance is the longest in [ JEE '89]
(A) C ^ (B) C2H4 (C) C2H6 (D) C 2 H, Br2
Q. 11 Which one of the following is the smallest in size [ JEE '89]
(A) N 3 - (B) O 2 - (C) F- (D) Na +
Q.28 KF combines with HF to form KHF2. The compound contains the species [ JEE '97]
+ + + + +
(A) K , F" and H (B) K , F" and HF (C) K and [HF2]" (D) [KHF] and F"
Q.29 Among the following compounds the one that is polar and has the central atom withsp2
hybridisation is [JEE'97]
(A) I^CC^ (B) SiF4 (C) BF3 (D) HC102
Q.30 Which contains both polar & non polar covalent bonds [JEE'97]
(A) NH4C1 ,(B) HCN (C) H 2 0 2 (D) CH4
Q.31 The type of hybrid orbitals used by the chlorine atom in C103" is [JEE'97]
(A) sp3 (B)sp3d (C)sp3d2 (D) sp 2
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Q.38 The maximum angle around the central atom H-M-H is present in
(A)ASH 3 (B)PH3 (C)NH3 (D)SbH3
Q.39 Which one of the following molecules is planar : [JEE '97]
(A) NF3 (B) NC13 (C) PH 3 (D) BF3
2
Q.40 Which one has sp hybridisation [JEE'97]
(A) C0 2 (B) S0 2 (C) N 2 0 (D) CO
Q.41 The geometry & the type of hybrid orbitals present about the central atom in BF3 is: [ JEE '98]
2 3
(A) linear, sp (B) trigonal planar, sp (C) tetrahedra sp (D) pyramidal, sp3
Q. 42 The correct order of increasing C - O bond length of, CO, C0 3 2 ", C0 2 is [ JEE '99]
(A) C0 3 2 ' < C0 2 < CO (B) C 0 2 < C 0 3 2 " < C 0
(C) CO <CO 3 2 -<CO 2 (D) CO < C0 2 < c,o32-
Q.43 In the dichromate anion [ JEE '99]
(A) 4 Cr - O bonds are equivalent (B) 6 C r - 0 bonds are equivalent
(C) all Cr - O bonds are equivalent (D) all Cr - O bonds are non equivalent
Q. 44 The geometry ofl-^S and its dipole moment are [ JEE' 99]
(A) angular & non zero (B) angular & zero
(C) linear & non zero (D) linear & zero
Q, 45 In compounds type E Cl3, where E = B, P, As or Bi, the angles CI - E - CI for different E are in the order
(A) B > P = As = Bi (B) B > P > A s > B i ( C ) B < P = As = Bi ( D ) B < P < A s < B i
[JEE '99]
Q. 47 Amongst I^O, I ^ S , I^Se and HjTe, the one with the highest boiling point is [JEE 2000]
(A) H 2 0 because of hydrogen bonding (B) HjTe because of higher molecular weight
(C) H2S because ofhydrogen bonding (D) t^Se because oflower molecular weight
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Q. 51 Specify the coordination geometry around and hybridization ofN and B atoms in a 1:1 complex of BF3
and NH3 [JEE 2002]
3 3
(A) N: tetrahedral, sp ; B : tetrahedral, sp (B) N: pyramidal, sp ; B : pyramidal, sp3
3
3 2
(C) N: pyramidal, sp ; B: planar, sp (D) N: pyramidal, sp3; B: tetrahedral, sp3
Q. 52 The nodal plane in the 7i-bond of ethene is located in [JEE 2002]
(A) the molecular plane
(B) a plane parallel to the molecular plane
(C) a plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which bisects, the carbon-carbon a bond at right angle.
(D) a plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which contains, the carbon-carbon bond.
Q. 53 Which ofthe following molecular species has unpaired electrons)? [JEE 2002]
2
(A)N2 (B)F 2 (C)0 2 - (D)O -
Q.54 Which ofthe following are isoelectronic and isostructural? N0 3 ,C0 3 ~,C10 3 ,S0 3 [JEE2003]
Q. 5 5 According to molecular orbital theory which ofthe following statement about the magnetic character and
bond order is correct regarding 0 2 [JEE 2004]
(A) Paramagnetic and Bond order < 0 2 (B) Paramagnetic and Bond order > 0 2
(C) Diamagnetic and Bond order < 0 2 (D) Diamagnetic and Bond order > 0 2
Q. 56 Which species has the maximum number of lone pair of electrons on the central atom? [JEE 2005]
(A) C103~ (B)XeF4 (C) SF4 (D)I3~
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State whether true or false. [ 16 x 2 = 32]
Q.l In benzene carbon uses all the three p-orbitals for hybridisation. [JEE'87]
2
Q.2 sp hybrid orbitals have equal S&P character . [JEE'87]
Q.3 In group I A of alkali metals, the ionisation potential decreases down the group. Therefore lithium
is a poor reducing agent . [JEE'87]
Q.4 All the A1 - CI bond in A12C16 are equivalent . [ JEE '88]
Q.5 Both potassium ferrocyanide & potassium ferricyanide are diamagnetic. [JEE '88]
Q.6 The presence of polar bonds in a polyatomic molecule suggests that the molecule has non-zero
dipole moment . [ JEE' 90]
Q.7 Nitric oxide, though an odd electron molecule,is diamagnetic in liquid state. [JEE'91]
Q.8 The decreasing order of E A of F, CI, Br is F > CI > Br . [ JEE '93]
Q.9 Diamond is harder than graphite . [JEE'93]
Q.10 The basic nature of hydroxides of group 13 (III B) decreases progressively down the group.
[JEE'93]
Q.ll The tendency for catenation is much higher for C than Si. [ JEE'93]
Q. 12 The dipolemoment of CH3 F is greater than CH3C1. [ JEE '93]
Q.13 HBr is stronger acid than HI because of H-bonding. [JEE'97]
Q.14 Fatomhasless negative EAthan CI atom. [JEE'97]
Q.15 LiCl is predominantly a covalent compound. [ JEE '97]
Q.16 Al(OH)3 is amphoteric in nature. [JEE'97]
Q.6 The experimentally determined N-F bond length in NF3 is greater than the sum of single bond
covalent radii of N & F . Explain. [ JEE *95]
Q.7 Explain the difference in the nature of bonding in LiF & Lil. [JEE'96]
Q.8 Compare qualitatively the 1st & 2nd IP of Cu&Zn. Explain the observation. [JEE'96]
Q.9 Explain PC15 is formed but NC15 cannot. [JEE'97]
Q.10 Give reasons for the following in one or two sentences only. [JEE'99]
(a) BeCl2 can be easily hydrolyed (b) Cr0 3 is an acid anhydride .
Q.ll Explain why o-hydroxybenzaldehyde is a liquid at room temperature, while p-hydroxybenzaldehyde is a
high melting solid. [JEE'99]
Miscellaneous.
Q.l Write the two resonance structures o f N 2 0 that satisfy the octet rule. [JEE'90]
Q.2 Write two resonance structures of ozone which satisfy the octet rule. [JEE'91]
Q.3 Using VSEPR theory, identify the type of hybridisation & draw the structure of OF2. What are
oxidation states of O & F. [ JEE '94]
Q.4 What are the types of bond present in B2H6? [IIT1994]
Q. 5 Arrange toluene, m-dichlorobenzene, o-dicholorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene in order of increasing
dipolemoment. [IIT1996]
Q.6 Draw the structures of [JEE'97]
2 .
2
(i)XeF2 (ii) Xe0 3 (iii)XeF4 (iv)BrF5 (v) S0 3
Q.7 Interpret the non-linear shape ofH2S molecule & non planar shape ofPCl3 using VSEPR theory.
[JEE'98]
Q. 8 Discuss the hybridisation of C - atoms in allene (C3H4) and show the % - orbital overlap s. [JEE' 99]
Q.9 Write the MO electron distribution of 0 2 . Specify its bond order and magnetic property [UT 2000]
Q.10 Using VSEPR theory, draw the shape of PC15 and BrF5. [JEE 2003]
Q. 11 Draw the structure of XeF4 and OSF4 according to VSEPR theory, clearly indicating the state of
hybridisation ofthe central atom and lone pair of electrons (if any) on the central atom. [JEE 2004]
EXERCISE-II
01.C 02.A 03. A 04.C 05.A 06.B 07.A 08.A 09.C 10.C
ll.D 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.D
21.B 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.C 26.C 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.A
31.A 32.D 33.B 34.B 35.A 36.B 37.A 38.C 39.D 40.B
41.B 42 .D 43 .B 44.A 45 .B 46.C 47.A 48 .B 49.B 50.A
51.A 52.A 53.C 54.A 55.B 56.D
True/False
Q.l F Q.2 F Q.3 F Q.4 F Q.5 F Q.6 F Q.7 T
Q.8 F Q.9 T Q.10 F Q.ll T Q.12 F Q.13 F Q.14 T
Q.15 T Q.16 T
Explain
Q.l Lone pair Q.2 Resonance Q.3 expansion of octet
Q.5 Lone pair contribution Q.7 LiF -»Ionic charge, Lil -> covalent charge
Q.9 d-orbitals Q.ll Intra-H-bonding in o-hydroxybenzaldehyde
Arrange as directed:
Q.l F2<C12<02<N2 Q.2 Si0 2 < C0 2 < S0 3 < N 2 0 5
Q.3 HCIO<HCIO2<HCIO3<HCIO4 Q.4 Mg 2 + < Na + < F - < O 2 -< N 3
Q.5 N a ^ < MgO < SrO < K^O < Cs 2 0 Q.6 S<C1<N<0<F
Q.7 CC14 < SiCl4 < PC15 < AICI3 < MgCl2
Q.8 P - dichlorobenzene < Toluene < m-dichcorobenzene < O-dichlorobenzene
Q.9 C10H < BrOH < IOH
Q.10 LI+ < Al3+ < Mg2+ < K+
Q. 11 BeS0 4 < MgS0 4 < CaS0 4 < SrS0 4
Miscellaneous.
,ov o+
Q.l N =N->0 ^ N ^ N=0 Q.2
0// \ O<- o 0~
Q.6 (i) Linear, (ii) Pyramidal, (iii) Square planar, (iv) Square pyramidal, (v) pyramidal
Q.8
i i i
C H 3 = C = CH3
2 2
1
sp sp sp
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