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    neha
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    SQL is a database language used to perform operations on databases and create databases. SQL commands are categorized into four main types: DDL for defining database schemas using commands like CREATE, DROP, and ALTER; DML for manipulating data using INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE; DQL for querying data using SELECT; and DCL for controlling access using GRANT and REVOKE. SQL defines general data types for columns in database tables including character, numeric, date, time, and boolean types.

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    SQL is a database language used to perform operations on databases and create databases. SQL commands are categorized into four main types: DDL for defining database schemas using commands like CREATE, DROP, and ALTER; DML for manipulating data using INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE; DQL for querying data using SELECT; and DCL for controlling access using GRANT and REVOKE. SQL defines general data types for columns in database tables including character, numeric, date, time, and boolean types.

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    20 views3 pages

    Structured Query Language

    Uploaded by

    neha
    SQL is a database language used to perform operations on databases and create databases. SQL commands are categorized into four main types: DDL for defining database schemas using commands like CREATE, DROP, and ALTER; DML for manipulating data using INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE; DQL for querying data using SELECT; and DCL for controlling access using GRANT and REVOKE. SQL defines general data types for columns in database tables including character, numeric, date, time, and boolean types.

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    Structured Query Language(SQL) as we all know is the database language by the use

    of which we can perform certain operations on the existing database and also we can
    use this language to create a database. SQL uses certain commands like Create, Drop,
    Insert etc. to carry out the required tasks.
    These SQL commands are mainly categorized into four categories as discussed below:
    1. DDL(Data Definition Language) : DDL or Data Definition Language actually
    consists of the SQL commands that can be used to define the database schema. It
    simply deals with descriptions of the database schema and is used to create and
    modify the structure of database objects in database.
    Examples of DDL commands:
     CREATE – is used to create the database or its objects (like table, index,
    function, views, store procedure and triggers).
     DROP – is used to delete objects from the database.
     ALTER-is used to alter the structure of the database.
     TRUNCATE–is used to remove all records from a table, including all spaces
    allocated for the records are removed.
     COMMENT –is used to add comments to the data dictionary.
     RENAME –is used to rename an object existing in the database.

    SQL General Data Types


    Each column in a database table is required to have a name and a data type.

    SQL developers have to decide what types of data will be stored inside each and
    every table column when creating a SQL table. The data type is a label and a
    guideline for SQL to understand what type of data is expected inside of each
    column, and it also identifies how SQL will interact with the stored data.

    The following table lists the general data types in SQL:

    Data type Description

    CHARACTER(n) Character string. Fixed-length n

    VARCHAR(n) or Character string. Variable length. Maximum length n


    CHARACTER VARYING(n)
    BINARY(n) Binary string. Fixed-length n

    BOOLEAN Stores TRUE or FALSE values

    SMALLINT Integer numerical (no decimal). Precision 5

    INTEGER Integer numerical (no decimal). Precision 10

    BIGINT Integer numerical (no decimal). Precision 19

    DECIMAL(p,s) Exact numerical, precision p, scale s. Example: decimal(5,2) is


    before the decimal and 2 digits after the decimal

    NUMERIC(p,s) Exact numerical, precision p, scale s. (Same as DECIMAL)

    FLOAT(p) Approximate numerical, mantissa precision p. A floating numb


    notation. The size argument for this type consists of a single n
    minimum precision

    REAL Approximate numerical, mantissa precision 7

    FLOAT Approximate numerical, mantissa precision 16

    DOUBLE PRECISION Approximate numerical, mantissa precision 16


    DATE Stores year, month, and day values

    TIME Stores hour, minute, and second values

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