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    21 views2 pages

    Acid Gas Removal and Gas Sweetening: Chemical Absorption Processes

    Uploaded by

    Larbi Hammoun
    training doc

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Acid gas removal and gas sweetening

    Koch-Glitsch has supplied equipment for thousands of installations in acid gas


    removal and gas sweetening applications. Both processes involve the removal of
    CO2 and/or H2S and mercaptans from gas streams by chemical or physical
    absorption. Many industries, including oil refining, ammonia plants, natural gas
    plants, LNG, and hydrogen plants, require these processes.

    While there are many treating processes available, no single process is ideal for
    all applications. Usually the process licensor selects the most suitable solvent
    based on feed conditions such as composition, pressure, temperature, and the
    type of impurities. Additional considerations for solvent selection are process
    economics, reliability, and environmental constraints. There are two main
    chemical absorption processes for acid gas removal using either amine or hot
    carbonate solvent. RECTISOL® and SELEXOL® are the most common physical
    absorption processes used in industry.

    Chemical absorption processes

    The amine absorption process uses an aqueous amine solution, for example
    monoethanolamine (MEA), diethylamine (DEA), di isopropyl amine (DIPA) or
    methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), to absorb the acid gases. The hot carbonate
    process uses potassium or sodium carbonate solutions as solvent. Processes
    often use solvent blends, which may include small amounts of an activating
    agent to improve the rate of reaction. Koch-Glitsch has considerable experience
    working with process licensors of these types of applications.

    In chemical absorption processes, gas streams containing the acid gases are
    contacted with a lean solvent in an absorber. The solvent absorbs the acid gases
    and exits the column as a rich solution, which is then sent to a regenerator
    column where the acid gases are stripped from the solvent.

    Physical absorption processes

    Physical solvent processes, such as SELEXOL® and RECTISOL®, operate in a


    similar manner as chemical absorption processes; however, they offer
    advantages over chemical absorption processes.
     Because there are no chemical bonds to break, these processes use little or no
    heat for solvent regeneration and therefore are more energy efficient.
     The selectivity of these solvents to CO2 and H2S allows the removal and recovery
    of the components in a single process.
     The absorption pressures are normally higher compared to chemical absorption
    processes, which leads to smaller tower diameters.
    )

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