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    Soil is composed of three main components: soil solids, water, and air. These components exist in a three-phase system within the soil. The volume and weight relationships between these components can be expressed through equations that define concepts like void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, unit weight, water content, and specific gravity. The dry unit weight of a soil can be calculated based on its bulk unit weight and moisture content using a derived equation.

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    Soil is composed of three main components: soil solids, water, and air. These components exist in a three-phase system within the soil. The volume and weight relationships between these components can be expressed through equations that define concepts like void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, unit weight, water content, and specific gravity. The dry unit weight of a soil can be calculated based on its bulk unit weight and moisture content using a derived equation.

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    25 views18 pages

    Basic Soil

    Uploaded by

    Thanes Raw
    Soil is composed of three main components: soil solids, water, and air. These components exist in a three-phase system within the soil. The volume and weight relationships between these components can be expressed through equations that define concepts like void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, unit weight, water content, and specific gravity. The dry unit weight of a soil can be calculated based on its bulk unit weight and moisture content using a derived equation.

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    BASIC PHYSICAL SOIL

    PROPERTIES
    SOIL COMPOSITION
    SOIL COMPOSITION
     Generally soil can be divided to three
    components in natural occurrence
     This separation know as three phase
    systems or three phase diagram
     It consists of soil solids, water and air
    Soil components in natural occurrence
    Volume-Weight relationships
     As a result from 3 phase diagram several
    relationship were produce
     This relationship known as volume weight
    relationships.
     Refer to 3 phase diagram
    Air·

    Water

    i- Partially
    "" Saturated
    Relationship equations
    V = Vs +Vv ( eq. 1)
    = Vs + Vw + Va
    where
    Vs = volume of soil solids
    Vv = volume of voids
    Vw = volume of water in the
    voids
    Va = volume of air in voids
    Relationship equations
    W = Ws + Ww ( eq. 2)

    where,
    Ws = weight of soil solid
    Ww= weight of water
    Wa = zero (negligible)
    Void ratio

    The ratio of the volume of voids Vv to the volume of


    soil solid Vs
    Porosity

    The ratio of the volume of voids, Vv to total


    volume, V expressed as either a decimal or a
    percentage.
    Relationship between void ratio
    and porosity

    e = Vv = Vv = (Vv/V ) = n
    Vs V – Vv 1 – (Vv/V) 1- n

    n= e
    1+e
    Degree of saturation

    The ratio of the volume of water, Vw to the volume of


    voids, Vv. It’s commonly in percentage
    Unit weight

    The weight of soil per unit volume


    Water content@ Moisture content
    Specific Gravity

    Specific gravity can be determined as a ratio of the weight of


    the soil solids to weight of water of equal volume
    Relationships between Unit weight, Moisture Content and Specific
    gravity

    let us consider a volume of soil in


    which the volume of the soil solids is one
    Derivation of equations
    Therefore Gs will be substituted as
    Relationship between dry
    unit and bulk unit weight

      d =  /(1 +w)
    Derivation –cont’d

     So what is the different between unit


    weight and density?
     Unit Weight is influence by gravity forces
    while mass isn’t (Unit Weight=Weight/
    Volume while Density= Mass/Volume)-
    Weight = Mass x Gravity acceleration
     So we can use the similar equations on
    related calculation if there is only density

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