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Optis Wireless Technology LLC Vs Apple
Optis Wireless Technology LLC Vs Apple
v.
APPLE INC.,
Defendant.
ORIGINAL COMPLAINT
Case 2:19-cv-00066-JRG Document 1 Filed 02/25/19 Page 2 of 111 PageID #: 2
Plaintiffs Optis Wireless Technology, LLC, Optis Cellular Technology, LLC, Unwired
Planet, LLC, Unwired Planet International Limited, and PanOptis Patent Management, LLC
(collectively and/or individually referred to as the “Plaintiff(s)” herein) file this Complaint
1. The Plaintiffs have repeatedly negotiated with Apple to reach an agreement for a
global FRAND license to the Plaintiffs’ patent portfolios which Apple is infringing. For
example, Apple has infringed and continues to infringe, contribute to the infringement of, and/or
actively induce others to infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 8,005,154 (“the ’154 patent”), 8,019,332 (“the
’332 patent”), 8,385,284 (“the ’284 patent”), 8,411,557 (“the ’557 patent”), 9,001,774 (“the ’774
patent”), 8,102,833 (“the ’833 patent”), and 8,989,290 (“the ’290 patent”) (collectively, “the
2. The negotiations have been unsuccessful because Apple refuses to pay a FRAND
royalty for a license to the Plaintiffs’ patents. Therefore, the Plaintiffs file this Complaint
PARTIES
company organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and maintains its
principal place of business at 7160 Dallas Parkway, Suite 250, Plano, TX 75024.
company organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and maintains its
principal place of business at 7160 Dallas Parkway, Suite 250, Plano, TX 75024.
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company organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and maintains its
principal place of business at 7160 Dallas Parkway, Suite 250, Plano, TX 75024.
organized and existing under the laws of Nevada, and is located at 7160 Dallas Pkwy., Ste. 250,
Plano, TX 75024.
a company organized under the laws of Ireland, and is located at Unit 32, Hyde Bldg., The Park,
business at 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California 95014. Apple designs, manufactures, uses,
imports into the United States, sells, and/or offers for sale in the United States smartphones,
tablets, smartwatches, and other mobile computing devices that operate over the 4G (LTE)
cellular standard. Apple’s devices are marketed, offered for sale, and/or sold throughout the
9. Within the United States, this Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this case
11. Venue is proper in this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1391 and 1400(b).
12. This Court has personal jurisdiction over Apple. Apple has continuous and
systematic business contacts with the State of Texas. Apple, directly or through subsidiaries or
intermediaries (including distributors, retailers, and others), conducts its business extensively
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throughout Texas, by shipping, distributing, offering for sale, selling, and advertising (including
the provision of interactive web pages) its products and services in the State of Texas and the
Eastern District of Texas. Apple, directly and through subsidiaries or intermediaries (including
distributors, retailers, and others), has purposefully and voluntarily placed its infringing products
and services into this District and into the stream of commerce with the intention and expectation
that they will be purchased and used by consumers in this District. Apple has offered and sold
and continues to offer and sell these infringing products and services in this District, including at
physical Apple stores located within this District. Apple has also directed communications in
connection with negotiations with the Plaintiffs into the Eastern District of Texas. Apple has
committed acts of infringement in this judicial district and has a regular and established place of
13. On August 23, 2011, the ’154 patent was duly and legally issued for an invention
titled, “Method and Apparatus for Transmitting and Receiving Shared Control Channel Message
The Plaintiffs own all rights to the ’154 patent necessary to bring this action.
14. On September 13, 2011, the ’332 patent was duly and legally issued for an
invention titled, “Method for Transmitting and Receiving Control Information through PDCCH.”
The Plaintiffs own all rights to the ’332 patent necessary to bring this action.
15. On February 26, 2013, the ’284 patent was duly and legally issued for an
invention titled, “Control Channel Signaling Using a Common Signaling Field for Transport
Format and Redundancy Version.” The Plaintiffs own all rights to the ’284 patent necessary to
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16. On April 2, 2013, the ’557 patent was duly and legally issued for an invention
titled, “Mobile Station Apparatus and Random Access Method.” The Plaintiffs own all rights to
17. On April 7, 2015, the ’774 patent was duly and legally issued for an invention
titled, “System and Method for Channel Estimation in a Delay Diversity Wireless
Communication System.” The Plaintiffs own all rights to the ’744 patent necessary to bring this
action.
18. On January 24, 2012, the ’833 patent was duly and legally issued for an invention
titled, “Method for Transmitting Uplink Signals.” The Plaintiffs own all rights to the ’833 patent
19. On March 24, 2015, the ’290 patent was duly and legally issued for an invention
titled, “Mode switching between SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO.” The Plaintiffs own all rights to
20. The Plaintiffs exclusively own all rights, title, and interest in the Patents-in-Suit
necessary to bring this action, including the right to recover past and future damages. Apple is
ubiquitous connectivity and enable any company—even a company like Apple with no history in
the wireless communication development—to enter the market and sell smartphones.
non-profit standard setting organization (SSO) that produces globally-accepted standards in the
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telecommunications industry. In addition to its own activities, ETSI is also one of several SSOs
that are organization partners of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), which
maintains and develops globally applicable technical specifications, including for 4G (LTE)
mobile systems. Together, ETSI and its members have developed open standards that ensure
24. ETSI has developed and promulgated an IPR Policy, which is intended to strike a
balance between the need for open standards on the one hand, and the rights of IPR owners on
the other hand. Clause 15.6 of the ETSI IPR Policy defines the term “ESSENTIAL” to mean
that “it is not possible on technical (but not commercial) grounds, taking into account normal
technical practice and the state of the art generally available at the time of standardization, to
make, sell, lease, otherwise dispose of, repair, use or operate EQUIPMENT or METHODS
25. Optis Wireless is the assignee of numerous patents, many originally assigned to
Panasonic Corporation (“Panasonic”), that are, and remain, essential (as that term is defined by
26. Optis Cellular is the assignee of numerous patents, many originally assigned to
LG Electronics Inc. (“LG”), that are, and remain, essential (as that term is defined by ETSI) to
27. Unwired Planet International is the assignee of numerous patents, many originally
assigned to Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (“Samsung”), that are, and remain, essential (as that
5
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28. Unwired Planet is the assignee of numerous patents, many originally assigned to
Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (“Ericsson”), that are, and remain, essential (as that term is
29. Each of the Patents-in-Suit has been declared to ETSI, by its original assignee, as
30. The Plaintiffs, in conformance with ETSI’s IPR Policy, have informed Apple that
they are prepared to grant Apple an irrevocable license to their standard essential patents,
including the Patents-in-Suit, on terms that are Fair, Reasonable, and Non-Discriminatory
(“FRAND”).
31. Apple requires a license to one or more essential patents owned by Optis Cellular,
32. Not later than January 6, 2017, the Plaintiffs sent Apple correspondence initiating
Plaintiffs’ good faith efforts to license their essential patents to Apple on FRAND terms.
33. Over the following months, the Plaintiffs’ representatives routinely corresponded
with and met in-person with Apple representatives on several occasions. During those meetings,
the Plaintiffs’ representatives presented, in good faith, material concerning their LTE essential
patents and technical details evidencing the essentiality of the Plaintiffs’ LTE essential patents.
The Plaintiffs’ representatives also provided Apple with multiple license offers made on FRAND
terms.
34. To date, Apple has not reciprocated the Plaintiffs’ good faith efforts. Apple has
failed to negotiate in good faith. Apple has instead declined to take a license to the Plaintiffs’
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35. Apple has been operating and continues to operate without a license to the
Plaintiffs’ essential patents. Given Apple’s unwillingness to license the Plaintiffs’ essential
patents, or to cease its infringement, the Plaintiffs have filed this lawsuit for the purpose of
36. The parties’ licensing negotiations have been unsuccessful for the simple reason
that Apple refuses to pay FRAND royalties for the Plaintiffs’ valuable patent portfolios. Apple
is failing to honor that FRAND licensing is a two-way street, requiring not only that the licensor
is fair and reasonable in providing licensing terms, but also that the licensee is fair and
37. Apple has imported/exported into/from the United States, manufactured, used,
marketed, offered for sale, and/or sold in the United States, smartphones, smartwatches and
tablets that infringe the Patents-in-Suit. Apple’s accused devices (“the Apple Accused
Products”) which infringe one or more claims of the Patents-in-Suit, are all Apple products
capable of implementing the LTE standard, including, but not necessarily limited to, all LTE-
38. For example, as shown below, Apple advertises that each of its iPhone models
iPhone XS:
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Source: https://www.apple.com/iphone-xs/specs/
iPhone XR:
Source: https://www.apple.com/iphone-xr/specs/
iPhone X:
8
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Source: https://support.apple.com/kb/SP770?locale=en_US
iPhone 8:
Source: https://www.apple.com/iphone-8/specs/
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iPhone 7:
Source: https://www.apple.com/iphone-7/specs/
iPhone 6s:
Source: https://support.apple.com/kb/SP726?locale=en_US
iPhone SE:
10
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Source: https://support.apple.com/kb/SP738?locale=en_US
iPhone 6:
Source: https://support.apple.com/kb/SP705?locale=en_US
iPhone 5s:
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Source: https://support.apple.com/kb/SP685?locale=en_US
iPhone 5:
Source: https://support.apple.com/kb/SP655?locale=en_US
39. Similarly, Apple advertises that each of its current cellular-capable iPad models
iPad Pro:
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Source: https://www.apple.com/ipad-pro/specs/
Source: https://support.apple.com/kb/SP762?viewlocale=en_US&locale=en_US
Source: https://support.apple.com/kb/SP739?locale=en_US
Source: https://www.apple.com/ipad-9.7/specs/
iPad Mini 4:
13
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Source: https://www.apple.com/ipad-mini-4/specs/
40. The Plaintiffs understand that each cellular-capable iPad model released during or
after 2012 also supported the LTE standard, including at least iPad model numbers A1454,
A1455, A1459, A1460, A1475, A1476, A1490, A1491, A1550, A1567, A1600, A1652, A1671,
41. Further, as shown below, Apple advertises that each of its cellular-capable Apple
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https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201471
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Source: https://www.apple.com/watch/cellular/
Source: https://www.apple.com/watch/cellular/
42. In accordance with 35 U.S.C. § 287, Apple has had actual notice and knowledge
of all of the Patents-in-Suit no later than the filing of this Complaint and/or the date this
Complaint was served upon Apple. On information and belief, Apple continues without license
to make, use, import/export into/from, market, offer for sale, and/or sell in the United States
43. Apple has directly and indirectly infringed and continues to directly and indirectly
U.S.C. § 271(a), (b), and/or (c), including but not necessarily limited to one or more of making,
using, selling and offering to sell, in this District and elsewhere in the United States, and
importing into and exporting from the United States, the Apple Accused Products or components
thereof.
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44. Apple provides instruction manuals that instruct the users of the Accused
Products to use the Accused Products in a manner that infringes the Patents-in-Suit. For example,
Apple advertises the compatibility of the iPhone, iPad, and Apple Watch models identified above
with LTE.
45. Further, Apple tests each of the LTE Accused Products in the United States and
thereby directly performs the claimed method and/or uses the claimed apparatus, thus infringing
the Patents-in-Suit.
46. Apple’s acts of infringement have caused damage to the Plaintiffs. The Plaintiffs
are entitled to recover from Apple the damages sustained by the Plaintiffs as a result of Apple’s
acts of infringement despite a high likelihood that its actions constitute infringement, and Apple
knew or should have known that its actions constituted an unjustifiably high risk of infringement.
48. In the interest of providing detailed averments of infringement, the Plaintiffs have
identified below at least one claim per patent to demonstrate infringement. However, the
selection of claims should not be considered limiting, and additional claims of the Patents-in-Suit
that are infringed by Apple will be disclosed in compliance with the Court’s rules related to
infringement contentions.
49. Plaintiffs incorporate by reference the preceding paragraphs as though fully set
forth herein.
50. Apple infringes, contributes to the infringement of, and/or induces infringement
of the ’154 Patent by making, using, selling, offering for sale, exporting from, and/or importing
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into the United States products and/or methods covered by one or more claims of the ’154 Patent
including, but not limited to, at least the Apple Accused Products.
51. For example and as shown below, the Apple Accused Products infringe at least
claim 37 of the ’154 patent by virtue of their compatibility with and practice of the LTE
Standard. For example, and to the extent the preamble is limiting, each of the Apple Accused
below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP
52. The accused products further comprise a reception unit for receiving a downlink
control channel comprising transmission scheme information for downlink shared channel data
and downlink shared channel data from a base station. As shown below, this functionality is
described in the LTE standard, including but not limited to 3GPP TS 36.212 sections 4.2 and 5.3.
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53. The accused products further comprise a control information extractor for
configuring transmission information for the downlink control channel via higher layer signaling.
As shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE standard, including but not limited to
3GPP TS 36.331 sections 4.4 and 5.4 and 3GPP TS 36.213 section 7.1.
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54. The accused products further comprise a demodulator for demodulating the
downlink shared channel data. As shown below, the downlink shared channel data in LTE is
modulated and must be demodulated by the UE. This functionality is described in the LTE
standard, including but not limited to 3GPP TS 36.211 sections 6.3 and 6.4 and 3GPP TS 36.212
section 5.3.3.
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55. The accused products further comprise a controller for controlling the
aforementioned reception unit to receive the downlink control channel with a format
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corresponding to the transmission information and the demodulator to demodulate the downlink
shared channel data according to the transmission scheme information included in the format.
This functionality is described in the LTE standard, including but not limited to 3GPP TS 36.213
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56. In the accused products, the transmission scheme information referenced above
indicates that a transmit diversity or open loop spatial multiplexing is used for transmitting the
downlink shared channel data. This functionality is described in the LTE standard, including but
not limited to 3GPP TS 36.213 section 7.1 and 3GPP TS 36.212 section 5.3.3.
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57. Thus, as just illustrated above, the Apple Accused Products directly infringe one
or more claims of the ’154 Patent. Apple makes, uses, sells, offers for sale, exports, and/or
imports, in this District and/or elsewhere in the United States, these devices and thus directly
58. Apple has had knowledge and notice of the ’154 Patent at least as of the filing of
the Complaint.
59. Apple indirectly infringes the ’154 patent, as provided in 35 U.S.C. § 271(b), by
inducing infringement by others, such as Apple’s customers and end-users, in this District and
elsewhere in the United States. For example, Apple’s customers and end-users directly infringe
through their use of the inventions claimed in the ’154 patent. Apple induces this direct
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infringement through its affirmative acts of manufacturing, selling, distributing, and/or otherwise
making available the Apple Accused Products, and providing instructions, documentation, and
other information to customers and end-users suggesting they use the Apple Accused Products in
an infringing manner, including in-store technical support, online technical support, marketing,
Apple’s customers and end-users use the Apple Accused Products in the way Apple intends and
directly infringe the ’154 Patent. Apple performs these affirmative acts with knowledge of the
’154 Patent and with the intent, or willful blindness, that the induced acts directly infringe the
’154 Patent.
60. Apple also indirectly infringes the ’154 Patent, as provided by 35 U.S.C.
§ 271(c), by contributing to direct infringement committed by others, such as customers and end-
users, in this District and elsewhere in the United States. Apple’s affirmative acts of selling and
offering to sell, in this District and elsewhere in the United States, the Apple Accused Products
and causing the Apple Accused Products to be manufactured, used, sold, and offered for sale
contribute to Apple’s customers and end-users use of the Apple Accused Products, such that the
’154 Patent is directly infringed. The accused components within the Apple Accused Products
are material to the invention of the ’154 Patent, are not staple articles or commodities of
commerce, have no substantial non-infringing uses, and are known by Apple to be especially
made or adapted for use in the infringement of the ’154 Patent. Apple performs these affirmative
acts with knowledge of the ’154 Patent and with intent, or willful blindness, that they cause the
61. Apple’s infringement of the ’154 Patent has damaged and will continue to
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62. Plaintiffs incorporate by reference the preceding paragraphs as though fully set
forth herein.
63. Apple infringes, contributes to the infringement of, and/or induces infringement
of the ’332 Patent by making, using, selling, offering for sale, exporting from, and/or importing
into the United States products and/or methods covered by one or more claims of the ’332 Patent
including, but not limited to, at least the Apple Accused Products.
64. For example and as shown below, the LTE Accused Products infringe claim 6 of
the ’332 patent by virtue of their compatibility with and practice of the LTE Standard. For
example, and to the extent the preamble is limiting, the Accused Products comprise user
equipment (UE) for decoding control information. As shown below, this functionality is
described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP TS 36.201 sections 1 and 4.
65. The Accused Products further comprise a receiver for receiving Physical
Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) from a base station at subframe k. As shown below, this
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functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP TS 36.213
section 9.1.1.
66. The Accused Products further comprise a decoder for decoding a set of PDCCH
candidates within a search space of the PDCCH at the subframe k. As shown below, this
functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP TS 36.213
section 9.1.1.
67. The Accused Products further comprise a decoder wherein each of the set of
PDCCH candidates comprises ‘L’ control channel elements (CCEs), wherein the ‘L’ CCEs
corresponding to a specific PDCCH candidate among the set of PDCCH candidates of the search
space at the sub frame k are contiguously located from a position given by using a variable of Yk
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for the subframe k and a modulo ‘C’ operation. As shown below, this functionality is described
in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP TS 36.213 section 9.1.1.
***
***
68. The Accused Products further comprise a decoder wherein ‘C’ is determined as
‘floor(N/L)’, wherein ‘N’ represents a total number of CCEs in the sub frame k, and wherein Yk
is defined by: Yk=(A*Yk-1)mod D, wherein A and D are predetermined constant values. As shown
below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP
***
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***
69. Thus, as just illustrated above, the Apple Accused Products directly infringe one
or more claims of the ’332 Patent. Apple makes, uses, sells, offers for sale, exports, and/or
imports, in this District and/or elsewhere in the United States, these devices and thus directly
70. Apple has had knowledge and notice of the ’332 Patent at least as of the filing of
this Complaint.
71. Apple indirectly infringes the ’332 patent, as provided in 35 U.S.C. § 271(b), by
inducing infringement by others, such as Apple’s customers and end-users, in this District and
elsewhere in the United States. For example, Apple’s customers and end-users directly infringe
through their use of the inventions claimed in the ’332 patent. Apple induces this direct
infringement through its affirmative acts of manufacturing, selling, distributing, and/or otherwise
making available the Apple Accused Products, and providing instructions, documentation, and
other information to customers and end-users suggesting they use the Apple Accused Products in
an infringing manner, including in-store technical support, online technical support, marketing,
Apple’s customers and end-users use the Apple Accused Products in the way Apple intends and
directly infringe the ’332 Patent. Apple performs these affirmative acts with knowledge of the
’332 Patent and with the intent, or willful blindness, that the induced acts directly infringe the
’332 Patent.
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72. Apple also indirectly infringes the ’332 Patent, as provided by 35 U.S.C.
§ 271(c), by contributing to direct infringement committed by others, such as customers and end-
users, in this District and elsewhere in the United States. Apple’s affirmative acts of selling and
offering to sell, in this District and elsewhere in the United States, the Apple Accused Products
and causing the Apple Accused Products to be manufactured, used, sold, and offered for sale
contribute to Apple’s customers and end-users use of the Apple Accused Products, such that the
’332 Patent is directly infringed. The accused components within the Apple Accused Products
are material to the invention of the ’332 Patent, are not staple articles or commodities of
commerce, have no substantial non-infringing uses, and are known by Apple to be especially
made or adapted for use in the infringement of the ’332 Patent. Apple performs these affirmative
acts with knowledge of the ’332 Patent and with intent, or willful blindness, that they cause the
73. Apple’s infringement of the ’332 Patent has damaged and will continue to
74. Plaintiffs incorporate by reference the preceding paragraphs as though fully set
forth herein.
75. Apple infringes, contributes to the infringement of, and/or induces infringement
of the ’284 Patent by making, using, selling, offering for sale, exporting from, and/or importing
into the United States products and/or methods covered by one or more claims of the ’284 Patent
including, but not limited to, at least the Apple Accused Products.
76. For example and as shown below, the Accused Products infringe claim 1 of the
’284 patent by virtue of their compatibility with and practice of the LTE standard. For example,
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the Accused Products are mobile terminals for use in a mobile communications system. As
shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in
77. The Accused Products further comprise a receiver unit for receiving a sub-frame
of physical radio resources comprising a control channel signal destined to the mobile terminal.
As shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to
in 3GPP TS 36.213 § 8.
[…]
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78. The Accused Products further comprise a processing unit for determining based
on the received control channel signal a transport format of and a redundancy version for an
initial transmission or a retransmission of a protocol data unit conveying user data. As shown
below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP
[…]
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79. The Accused Products further comprise a transmitter unit for transmitting the
protocol data unit on at least one physical radio resource using the transport format and the
redundancy version of the protocol data unit indicated in the received control channel signal. As
shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in
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80. The Accused Products further comprise a mobile terminal wherein the control
channel signal received within said sub-frame comprises a control information field, in which the
transport format and the redundancy version of the protocol data unit are jointly encoded. As
shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in
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81. The Accused Products further comprise a mobile terminal wherein the processing
unit is further configured for the determination of the control information field, which consists of
a number of bits representing a range of values that can be represented in the control information
field. As shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not
82. The Accused Products further comprise a mobile terminal wherein a first subset
of the values is reserved for indicating the transport format of the protocol data unit and a second
subset of the values, different from the first subset of the values, is reserved for indicating the
redundancy version for transmitting the user data. As shown below, this functionality is
described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP TS 36.213 § 8.6.
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83. The Accused Products further comprise a mobile terminal wherein the first subset
of the values contains more values than the second subset of the values. As shown below, this
functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP TS 36.213 §
8.6.
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84. Thus, as just illustrated above, the Apple Accused Products directly infringe one
or more claims of the ’284 Patent. Apple makes, uses, sells, offers for sale, exports, and/or
imports, in this District and/or elsewhere in the United States, these devices and thus directly
40
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85. Apple has had knowledge and notice of the ’284 Patent at least as of the filing of
this Complaint.
86. Apple indirectly infringes the ’284 patent, as provided in 35 U.S.C. § 271(b), by
inducing infringement by others, such as Apple’s customers and end-users, in this District and
elsewhere in the United States. For example, Apple’s customers and end-users directly infringe
through their use of the inventions claimed in the ’284 patent. Apple induces this direct
infringement through its affirmative acts of manufacturing, selling, distributing, and/or otherwise
making available the Apple Accused Products, and providing instructions, documentation, and
other information to customers and end-users suggesting they use the Apple Accused Products in
an infringing manner, including in-store technical support, online technical support, marketing,
Apple’s customers and end-users use the Apple Accused Products in the way Apple intends and
directly infringe the ’284 Patent. Apple performs these affirmative acts with knowledge of the
’284 Patent and with the intent, or willful blindness, that the induced acts directly infringe the
’284 Patent.
87. Apple also indirectly infringes the ’284 Patent, as provided by 35 U.S.C.
§ 271(c), by contributing to direct infringement committed by others, such as customers and end-
users, in this District and elsewhere in the United States. Apple’s affirmative acts of selling and
offering to sell, in this District and elsewhere in the United States, the Apple Accused Products
and causing the Apple Accused Products to be manufactured, used, sold, and offered for sale
contribute to Apple’s customers and end-users use of the Apple Accused Products, such that the
’284 Patent is directly infringed. The accused components within the Apple Accused Products
are material to the invention of the ’284 Patent, are not staple articles or commodities of
41
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commerce, have no substantial non-infringing uses, and are known by Apple to be especially
made or adapted for use in the infringement of the ’284 Patent. Apple performs these affirmative
acts with knowledge of the ’284 Patent and with intent, or willful blindness, that they cause the
88. Apple’s infringement of the ’284 Patent has damaged and will continue to
89. Plaintiffs incorporate by reference the preceding paragraphs as though fully set
forth herein.
90. Apple infringes, contributes to the infringement of, and/or induces infringement
of the ’557 Patent by making, using, selling, offering for sale, exporting from, and/or importing
into the United States products and/or methods covered by one or more claims of the ’557 Patent
including, but not limited to, at least the Apple Accused Products.
91. For example and as shown below, the Accused Products infringe claim 1 of the
’557 patent by virtue of their compatibility with and practice of the LTE standard. For example,
the Accused Products are mobile station apparatuses. As shown below, this functionality is
described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP TS 36.201 sections 1 and 4.
42
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92. The Accused Products include a receiving unit configured to receive control
information. As shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but
not limited to in 3GPP TS 36.321 section 5.1, 3GPP TS 36.331 sections 5.1, 5.2, and 6.3.
43
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44
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93. The Accused Products further include a selecting unit configured to randomly
select a sequence from a plurality of sequences contained in one group of a plurality of groups,
into which a predetermined number of sequences that are generated from a plurality of base
sequences are grouped and which are respectively associated with different amounts of data or
reception qualities, wherein the predetermined number of sequences are grouped by partitioning
the predetermined number of sequences, in which sequences generated from the same base
sequence and having different cyclic shifts are arranged in an increasing order of the cyclic
shifts. As shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not
limited to in 3GPP TS 36.300 section 10.1.5, 3GPP TS 36.321 section 5.1, and 3GPP TS 36.211
section 5.7.2.
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94. The Accused Products further include a transmitting unit configured to transmit
the selected sequence, wherein a position at which the predetermined number of sequences are
partitioned is determined based on the control information, and a number of sequences contained
in each of the plurality of groups varies in accordance with the control information. As shown
48
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below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP
TS 36.300 section 10.1.5.1, 3GPP TS 36.321 section 5.1, 3GPP TS 36.213 section 6.1, and 3GPP
49
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50
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51
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See also 3GPP TS 36.300 section 22, 3GPP TS 36.902 section 4.7, 3GPP TS 36.314 section
52
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53
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54
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55
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56
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95. Thus, as just illustrated above, the Apple Accused Products directly infringe one
or more claims of the ’557 Patent. Apple makes, uses, sells, offers for sale, exports, and/or
imports, in this District and/or elsewhere in the United States, these devices and thus directly
96. Apple has had knowledge and notice of the ’557 Patent at least as of the filing of
this Complaint.
97. Apple indirectly infringes the ’557 patent, as provided in 35 U.S.C. § 271(b), by
inducing infringement by others, such as Apple’s customers and end-users, in this District and
elsewhere in the United States. For example, Apple’s customers and end-users directly infringe
through their use of the inventions claimed in the ’557 patent. Apple induces this direct
infringement through its affirmative acts of manufacturing, selling, distributing, and/or otherwise
making available the Apple Accused Products, and providing instructions, documentation, and
other information to customers and end-users suggesting they use the Apple Accused Products in
an infringing manner, including in-store technical support, online technical support, marketing,
Apple’s customers and end-users use the Apple Accused Products in the way Apple intends and
directly infringe the ’557 Patent. Apple performs these affirmative acts with knowledge of the
’557 Patent and with the intent, or willful blindness, that the induced acts directly infringe the
’557 Patent.
98. Apple also indirectly infringes the ’557 Patent, as provided by 35 U.S.C.
§ 271(c), by contributing to direct infringement committed by others, such as customers and end-
users, in this District and elsewhere in the United States. Apple’s affirmative acts of selling and
offering to sell, in this District and elsewhere in the United States, the Apple Accused Products
57
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and causing the Apple Accused Products to be manufactured, used, sold, and offered for sale
contribute to Apple’s customers and end-users use of the Apple Accused Products, such that the
’557 Patent is directly infringed. The accused components within the Apple Accused Products
are material to the invention of the ’557 Patent, are not staple articles or commodities of
commerce, have no substantial non-infringing uses, and are known by Apple to be especially
made or adapted for use in the infringement of the ’557 Patent. Apple performs these affirmative
acts with knowledge of the ’557 Patent and with intent, or willful blindness, that they cause the
99. Apple’s infringement of the ’557 Patent has damaged and will continue to
100. Plaintiffs incorporate by reference the preceding paragraphs as though fully set
forth herein.
101. Apple infringes, contributes to the infringement of, and/or induces infringement
of the ’774 Patent by making, using, selling, offering for sale, exporting from, and/or importing
into the United States products and/or methods covered by one or more claims of the ’774 Patent
including, but not limited to, at least the Apple Accused Products.
102. For example and as shown below, the Accused Products infringe claim 6 of the
’744 patent by virtue of their compatibility with and practice of the LTE standard. For example,
the Accused Products practice a method comprising receiving a processing parameter for
transmission of data on two antenna ports, the processing parameter including at least one of a
time delay, a phase rotation, and a gain determined based on a received uplink signal. As shown
58
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below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP
TS 36.213 section 7.2, 3GPP TS 36.211 section 6.3.4, and 3GPP TS 36.331 section 6.3.2.
59
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60
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61
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62
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103. The Accused Products further practice a method comprising receiving a first pilot,
a second pilot, a first data symbol and a second data symbol transmitted on the two antenna
ports. As shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not
63
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64
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104. The Accused Products further practice a method comprising demodulating the
first data symbol and the second data symbol based on the processing parameter, the first pilot,
and the second pilot. As shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard,
including but not limited to in 3GPP TS 36.213 section 7.2, 3GPP TS 36.211 sections 6.3.4 and
6.10.
65
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66
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67
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68
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105. Thus, as just illustrated above, the Apple Accused Products directly infringe one
or more claims of the ’774 Patent. Apple makes, uses, sells, offers for sale, exports, and/or
imports, in this District and/or elsewhere in the United States, these devices and thus directly
106. Apple has had knowledge and notice of the ’774 Patent at least as of the filing of
this Complaint.
107. Apple indirectly infringes the ’774 patent, as provided in 35 U.S.C. § 271(b), by
inducing infringement by others, such as Apple’s customers and end-users, in this District and
elsewhere in the United States. For example, Apple’s customers and end-users directly infringe
through their use of the inventions claimed in the ’774 patent. Apple induces this direct
infringement through its affirmative acts of manufacturing, selling, distributing, and/or otherwise
making available the Apple Accused Products, and providing instructions, documentation, and
69
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other information to customers and end-users suggesting they use the Apple Accused Products in
an infringing manner, including in-store technical support, online technical support, marketing,
Apple’s customers and end-users use the Apple Accused Products in the way Apple intends and
directly infringe the ’774 Patent. Apple performs these affirmative acts with knowledge of the
’774 Patent and with the intent, or willful blindness, that the induced acts directly infringe the
’774 Patent.
108. Apple also indirectly infringes the ’774 Patent, as provided by 35 U.S.C.
§ 271(c), by contributing to direct infringement committed by others, such as customers and end-
users, in this District and elsewhere in the United States. Apple’s affirmative acts of selling and
offering to sell, in this District and elsewhere in the United States, the Apple Accused Products
and causing the Apple Accused Products to be manufactured, used, sold, and offered for sale
contribute to Apple’s customers and end-users use of the Apple Accused Products, such that the
’774 Patent is directly infringed. The accused components within the Apple Accused Products
are material to the invention of the ’774 Patent, are not staple articles or commodities of
commerce, have no substantial non-infringing uses, and are known by Apple to be especially
made or adapted for use in the infringement of the ’774 Patent. Apple performs these affirmative
acts with knowledge of the ’774 Patent and with intent, or willful blindness, that they cause the
109. Apple’s infringement of the ’774 Patent has damaged and will continue to
70
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110. Plaintiffs incorporate by reference the preceding paragraphs as though fully set
forth herein.
111. Apple infringes, contributes to the infringement of, and/or induces infringement
of the ’833 Patent by making, using, selling, offering for sale, exporting from, and/or importing
into the United States products and/or methods covered by one or more claims of the ’833 Patent
including, but not limited to, at least the Apple Accused Products.
112. For example and as shown below, the Accused Products infringe claim 1 of the
’833 patent by virtue of their compatibility with and practice of the LTE standard. For example,
and to the extent the preamble is limiting, the Accused Products practice a method for
transmitting uplink signals comprising control signals and data signals in a wireless
communication system. As shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard,
including but not limited to in 3GPP TS 36.201 sections 1 and 4, and 3GPP TS 36.212 section
5.2.2.
71
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72
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73
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113. The Accused Products further practice a method comprising serially multiplexing
first control signals and data signals in a mobile station, wherein the first control signals are
placed at a front part of the multiplexed signals and the data signals are placed at a rear part of
the multiplexed signals. As shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard,
74
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75
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114. The Accused Products further practice a method comprising mapping the
plurality of rows, wherein the columns and the rows of the 2-dimensional resource matrix
correspond to single carrier frequency divisional multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols and
subcarriers for each SC-FDMA symbol, respectively. As shown below, this functionality is
described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP TS 36.212 section 5.2.2 and
76
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77
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78
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79
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80
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115. The Accused Products further practice a method wherein a number of columns of
the 2-dimensional resource matrix corresponds to a number of SC-FDMA symbols within one
subframe except specific SC-FDMA symbols used for a reference signal, and wherein the
multiplexed signals are mapped from the first column of the first row to the last column of the
first row, the first column of the second row to the last column of the second row, and so on,
until all the multiplexed signals are mapped to the 2-dimensional resource matrix. As shown
below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP
TS 36.211 section 4.1-4.2, 3GPP TS 36.211 section 5.2.1, and 3GPP TS 36.212 section 5.2.2.
81
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83
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84
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ACK/NACK control signals to specific columns of the 2-dimensional resource matrix, wherein
the specific columns correspond to SC-FDMA symbols right adjacent to the specific SC-FDMA
symbols, wherein the ACK/NACK control signals overwrite some of the multiplexed signals
mapped to the 2-dimensional resource matrix from the last row of the specific columns. As
shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in
3GPP TS 36.211 section 4.1-4.2, 3GPP TS 36.212 sections 5.2.2.8 and 5.2.2, 3GPP TS 36.211
sections 5.2.1, 5.2.3, 5.5.2.1.2, 5.3.4, 5.5.2, and 3GPP TS 36.300 section 5.2.4.
85
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86
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87
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88
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89
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117. The Accused Products further practice a method comprising transmitting the
signals mapped to the 2-dimensional resource matrix by column by column to a base station. As
shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in
90
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91
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118. Thus, as just illustrated above, the Apple Accused Products directly infringe one
or more claims of the ’833 Patent. Apple makes, uses, sells, offers for sale, exports, and/or
imports, in this District and/or elsewhere in the United States, these devices and thus directly
119. Apple has had knowledge and notice of the ’833 Patent at least as of the filing of
this Complaint.
92
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120. Apple indirectly infringes the ’833 patent, as provided in 35 U.S.C. § 271(b), by
inducing infringement by others, such as Apple’s customers and end-users, in this District and
elsewhere in the United States. For example, Apple’s customers and end-users directly infringe
through their use of the inventions claimed in the ’833 patent. Apple induces this direct
infringement through its affirmative acts of manufacturing, selling, distributing, and/or otherwise
making available the Apple Accused Products, and providing instructions, documentation, and
other information to customers and end-users suggesting they use the Apple Accused Products in
an infringing manner, including in-store technical support, online technical support, marketing,
Apple’s customers and end-users use the Apple Accused Products in the way Apple intends and
directly infringe the ’833 Patent. Apple performs these affirmative acts with knowledge of the
’833 Patent and with the intent, or willful blindness, that the induced acts directly infringe the
’833 Patent.
121. Apple also indirectly infringes the ’833 Patent, as provided by 35 U.S.C.
§ 271(c), by contributing to direct infringement committed by others, such as customers and end-
users, in this District and elsewhere in the United States. Apple’s affirmative acts of selling and
offering to sell, in this District and elsewhere in the United States, the Apple Accused Products
and causing the Apple Accused Products to be manufactured, used, sold, and offered for sale
contribute to Apple’s customers and end-users use of the Apple Accused Products, such that the
’833 Patent is directly infringed. The accused components within the Apple Accused Products
are material to the invention of the ’833 Patent, are not staple articles or commodities of
commerce, have no substantial non-infringing uses, and are known by Apple to be especially
made or adapted for use in the infringement of the ’833 Patent. Apple performs these affirmative
93
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acts with knowledge of the ’833 Patent and with intent, or willful blindness, that they cause the
122. Apple’s infringement of the ’833 Patent has damaged and will continue to
123. Plaintiffs incorporate by reference the preceding paragraphs as though fully set
forth herein.
124. Apple infringes, contributes to the infringement of, and/or induces infringement
of the ’290 Patent by making, using, selling, offering for sale, exporting from, and/or importing
into the United States products and/or methods covered by one or more claims of the ’290 Patent
including, but not limited to, at least the Apple Accused Products.
125. For example and as shown below, the LTE Accused Products infringe claim 10
of the ’290 patent by virtue of their compatibility with and practice of the LTE standard. For
example, each Accused Product is a mobile terminal configured to receive data in a Single-User
MIMO (SU-MIMO) signaling mode and a Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) signaling mode. As
shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to
94
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126. The Accused Products further comprise a controller configured to switch the
mobile terminal between the SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO signaling modes. As shown below, this
functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to 3GPP TS 36.331 §§
[. . . ]
[. . .]
95
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[. . .]
[. . .]
96
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[. . .]
[. . .]
[. . .]
97
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[. . .]
redefinition data from a base station, where the base station is configured to identify a data bit
configured to be transmitted to the mobile terminal in a SU-MIMO bit stream, wherein the SU-
98
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MIMO bit stream comprises a plurality of bits configured to be interpreted by the mobile
terminal in the SU-MIMO signaling mode, and wherein the identified data bit is not required in
the MU-MIMO signaling mode. As shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE
Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP TS 36.300 § 11.1.1, 3GPP TS 36.213 § 7.1, and
[. . .]
99
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[. . .]
100
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redefinition data from a base station, where the base station is configured to redefine the
identified data bit to comprise signaling data associated with the MU-MIMO signaling mode,
wherein the redefinition data is configured to cause the mobile terminal to interpret the identified
data bit as power offset signaling data associated with the MU-MIMO signaling mode. As shown
below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP
101
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[. . .]
129. The Accused Products further comprise a receiver configured to receive a bit
stream comprising the identified data bit at the mobile terminal using the MU-MIMO mode. As
shown below, this functionality is described in the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in
102
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[. . .]
130. The Accused Products further comprise a processor configured to interpret the
identified data bit as the power offset signaling data associated with the MU-MIMO signaling
mode based on the received redefinition data. As shown below, this functionality is described in
103
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the LTE Standard, including but not limited to in 3GPP TS 36.213 § 7.1.5, and 3GPP TS 36.212
§ 5.3.3.1.4.
[. . .]
131. Thus, as just illustrated above, the Apple Accused Products directly infringe one
or more claims of the ’290 Patent. Apple makes, uses, sells, offers for sale, exports, and/or
imports, in this District and/or elsewhere in the United States, these devices and thus directly
132. Apple has had knowledge and notice of the ’290 Patent at least as of the filing of
this Complaint.
133. Apple indirectly infringes the ’290 patent, as provided in 35 U.S.C. § 271(b), by
inducing infringement by others, such as Apple’s customers and end-users, in this District and
elsewhere in the United States. For example, Apple’s customers and end-users directly infringe
through their use of the inventions claimed in the ’290 patent. Apple induces this direct
104
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infringement through its affirmative acts of manufacturing, selling, distributing, and/or otherwise
making available the Apple Accused Products, and providing instructions, documentation, and
other information to customers and end-users suggesting they use the Apple Accused Products in
an infringing manner, including in-store technical support, online technical support, marketing,
Apple’s customers and end-users use the Apple Accused Products in the way Apple intends and
directly infringe the ’290 Patent. Apple performs these affirmative acts with knowledge of the
’290 Patent and with the intent, or willful blindness, that the induced acts directly infringe the
’290 Patent.
134. Apple also indirectly infringes the ’290 Patent, as provided by 35 U.S.C.
§ 271(c), by contributing to direct infringement committed by others, such as customers and end-
users, in this District and elsewhere in the United States. Apple’s affirmative acts of selling and
offering to sell, in this District and elsewhere in the United States, the Apple Accused Products
and causing the Apple Accused Products to be manufactured, used, sold, and offered for sale
contribute to Apple’s customers and end-users use of the Apple Accused Products, such that the
’290 Patent is directly infringed. The accused components within the Apple Accused Products
are material to the invention of the ’290 Patent, are not staple articles or commodities of
commerce, have no substantial non-infringing uses, and are known by Apple to be especially
made or adapted for use in the infringement of the ’290 Patent. Apple performs these affirmative
acts with knowledge of the ’290 Patent and with intent, or willful blindness, that they cause the
135. Apple’s infringement of the ’290 Patent has damaged and will continue to
105
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136. Plaintiffs incorporate by reference the preceding paragraphs as though fully set
forth herein.
137. The Plaintiffs own patents essential to various standards, including for example,
LTE. Apple infringes the Plaintiffs’ essential patents and does not have a license to practice
such patents.
138. The original assignee of the Plaintiffs’ standard essential patents—for example,
whether it be LG, Panasonic, Ericsson, or Samsung—voluntarily declared that they are prepared
to grant licenses on terms that are fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (“FRAND”), in
compliance with the ETSI IPR Policy. These declarations formed a contract (“FRAND
139. There is a dispute between the Plaintiffs and Apple concerning whether the
Plaintiffs’ history of offers to Apple for a global license to the Plaintiffs’ essential patents
complies with the Plaintiffs’ commitment to license their essential patents on FRAND terms and
conditions pursuant to ETSI and ETSI’s IPR Policy. The Plaintiffs have fully performed their
obligations under the FRAND contract, but Apple disagrees and, as a result, has refused to
license the Plaintiffs’ standard essential patents on the FRAND terms the Plaintiffs have offered.
There is a case or controversy of sufficient immediacy, reality, and ripeness to warrant the
140. In light of this dispute, the Plaintiffs are seeking relief in the United Kingdom
(“UK”) (more precisely, in the High Court of England and Wales, which has already determined
FRAND terms including royalty rates for part of the Plaintiffs’ patents with respect to another
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proceedings the Plaintiffs have requested the UK Court to make a determination as to the
FRAND license terms in respect of the Plaintiffs’ worldwide portfolio (the “UK FRAND
Proceedings”). Accordingly, the UK FRAND Proceedings will determine FRAND terms for
141. To the extent necessary beyond the UK FRAND Proceedings, the Plaintiffs
request a declaratory judgment in this Court that negotiations toward a FRAND license with
Apple were conducted in good faith, comply with the ETSI IPR Policy, and were consistent with
competition law requirements. This request by the Plaintiffs is not duplicative or inconsistent
with the UK FRAND Proceedings, and, to the extent necessary to avoid any duplication or
DAMAGES
142. As a result of Apple’s acts of infringement, Plaintiffs have suffered actual and
consequential damages. To the fullest extent permitted by law, Plaintiffs seeks recovery of
143. Plaintiffs hereby demand a jury trial for all issues so triable.
WHEREFORE, the Plaintiffs respectfully request that this Court enter judgment in their
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Apple’s infringement of the Patents-in-Suit until such time as Apple ceases its
global license to the Plaintiffs’ essential patents, have negotiated in good faith and
otherwise complied with FRAND, as set forth in the relevant IPR licensing
declarations to ETSI, as well as ETSI’s IPR Policy and any applicable laws, and with
competition law, such declaration being neither duplicative or inconsistent with the
E. damages against Apple for the amount the Plaintiffs prove at trial with respect to the
breach of contract, count, as well as the Plaintiffs’ expenses, costs and attorneys’ fees
G. pre-judgment and post-judgment interest to the full extent allowed under the law, as
H. that this is an exceptional case and awarding the Plaintiffs their reasonable attorneys’
J. such other equitable relief which may be requested and to which the Plaintiffs are
entitled.
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Mike McKool
Texas State Bar No. 13732100
[email protected]
Theodore Stevenson, III
Texas State Bar No. 19196650
[email protected]
MCKOOL SMITH, P.C.
300 Crescent Court, Suite 1500
Dallas, TX 75201
Telephone: (214) 978-4000
Facsimile: (214) 978-4044
Samuel F. Baxter
Texas State Bar No. 01938000
[email protected]
Jennifer Truelove
Texas State Bar No. 24012906
[email protected]
MCKOOL SMITH, P.C.
104 E. Houston Street, Suite 300
Marshall, TX 75670
Telephone: (903) 923-9000
Facsimile: (903) 923-9099
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Jason Sheasby
(pro hac vice to be filed)
[email protected]
Hong Zhong, PhD
(pro hac vice to be filed)
[email protected]
IRELL & MANELLA LLP
1800 Ave of the Stars, Suite 900
Los Angeles, CA 90064
Telephone: (310) 203-7096
Facsimile: (310) 203-7199
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JS 44 (Rev. 0 ) CIVIL COVER SHEET
The JS 44 civil cover sheet and the information contained herein neither replace nor supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, except as
provided by local rules of court. This form, approved by the Judicial Conference of the United States in September 1974, is required for the use of the Clerk of Court for the
purpose of initiating the civil docket sheet. (SEE INSTRUCTIONS ON NEXT PAGE OF THIS FORM.)
(c) Attorneys (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone Number) Attorneys (If Known)
Kevin L. Burgess, McKool Smith, PC, 300 West Sixth Street, Suite 1700,
Austin, TX 78701 (512) 692-8700
II. BASIS OF JURISDICTION (Place an “X” in One Box Only) III. CITIZENSHIP OF PRINCIPAL PARTIES (Place an “X” in One Box for Plaintiff
(For Diversity Cases Only) and One Box for Defendant)
1 U.S. Government 3 Federal Question PTF DEF PTF DEF
Plaintiff (U.S. Government Not a Party) Citizen of This State 1 1 Incorporated or Principal Place 4 4
of Business In This State
2 U.S. Government 4 Diversity Citizen of Another State 2 2 Incorporated and Principal Place 5 5
Defendant (Indicate Citizenship of Parties in Item III) of Business In Another State
The JS 44 civil cover sheet and the information contained herein neither replaces nor supplements the filings and service of pleading or other papers as
required by law, except as provided by local rules of court. This form, approved by the Judicial Conference of the United States in September 1974, is
required for the use of the Clerk of Court for the purpose of initiating the civil docket sheet. Consequently, a civil cover sheet is submitted to the Clerk of
Court for each civil complaint filed. The attorney filing a case should complete the form as follows:
I.(a) Plaintiffs-Defendants. Enter names (last, first, middle initial) of plaintiff and defendant. If the plaintiff or defendant is a government agency, use
only the full name or standard abbreviations. If the plaintiff or defendant is an official within a government agency, identify first the agency and
then the official, giving both name and title.
(b) County of Residence. For each civil case filed, except U.S. plaintiff cases, enter the name of the county where the first listed plaintiff resides at the
time of filing. In U.S. plaintiff cases, enter the name of the county in which the first listed defendant resides at the time of filing. (NOTE: In land
condemnation cases, the county of residence of the "defendant" is the location of the tract of land involved.)
(c) Attorneys. Enter the firm name, address, telephone number, and attorney of record. If there are several attorneys, list them on an attachment, noting
in this section "(see attachment)".
Jurisdiction. The basis of jurisdiction is set forth under Rule 8(a), F.R.Cv.P., which requires that jurisdictions be shown in pleadings. Place an "X"
in one of the boxes. If there is more than one basis of jurisdiction, precedence is given in the order shown below.
United States plaintiff. (1) Jurisdiction based on 28 U.S.C. 1345 and 1348. Suits by agencies and officers of the United States are included here.
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Federal question. (3) This refers to suits under 28 U.S.C. 1331, where jurisdiction arises under the Constitution of the United States, an amendment
to the Constitution, an act of Congress or a treaty of the United States. In cases where the U.S. is a party, the U.S. plaintiff or defendant code takes
precedence, and box 1 or 2 should be marked.
Diversity of citizenship. (4) This refers to suits under 28 U.S.C. 1332, where parties are citizens of different states. When Box 4 is checked, the
citizenship of the different parties must be checked. (See Section III below; NOTE: federal question actions take precedence over diversity
cases.)
Residence (citizenship) of Principal Parties. This section of the JS 44 is to be completed if diversity of citizenship was indicated above. Mark this
section for each principal party.
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that is most applicable. Click here for: Nature of Suit Code Descriptions.
Cause of Action. Report the civil statute directly related to the cause of action and give a brief description of the cause. Do not cite jurisdictional
statutes unless diversity. Example: U.S. Civil Statute: 47 USC 553 Brief Description: Unauthorized reception of cable service
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Demand. In this space enter the actual dollar amount being demanded or indicate other demand, such as a preliminary injunction.
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Related Cases. This section of the JS 44 is used to reference related pending cases, if any. If there are related pending cases, insert the docket
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