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Astm B633
Astm B633
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e1 NOTE—In Section 2 and Paragraph 8.1.5, Guide F 1470 was incorrectly cited as Guide F 1740. This was editorially corrected
in August 2001.
B 242 Practice for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for 2.2 Military Standard:
Electroplating4 MIL-STD-1312 Fastener Tests, Methods (Test 12)7
B 254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on
3. Terminology
Stainless Steel4
B 320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro- 3.1 Definitions—Definitions of the terms used in this speci-
plating4 fication are in accordance with Terminology B 374.
B 322 Practice for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating4 4. Classification
4.1 Thickness—The coating shall be provided in the four
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on thickness classes defined in Table 1.
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B08.08.04 on Light Metals.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally
5
published as B 633 – 78. Last previous edition B 633 – 85 (1994). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.08.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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B 633
TABLE 1 Thickness Classes for Coatings B 254, B 320, and B 322.
ClassificationA Number
Thickness, min
6.4 High-Tensile Strength Metals—Unless otherwise speci-
and Conversion Service ConditionB,C fied, high strength steels having a tensile strength greater than
µm
Coating Suffix
1700 MPa shall not be electroplated.
Fe/Zn 25 SC 4 (very severe) 25
Fe/Zn 12 SC 3 (severe) 12
6.5 Stress Relief—All steel parts having an ultimate tensile
Fe/Zn 8 SC 2 (moderate) 8 strength of 1000 MPa and above, and that have been machined,
Fe/Zn 5 SC 1 (mild) 5 ground, cold formed or cold straightened, shall be heat treated
A
Iron or steel with zinc electroplate. Numeral indicates thickness in micrometres. at a minimum of 190°C for 3 h or more for stress relief before
B
See Appendix X2. cleaning and electroplating.
C
Where service conditions are valid only for coatings with chromate conversion
coating. Type II for SC 4 and SC 3 and Type III for SC 2 and SC 1. 6.6 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief— All electroplated parts
having a tensile strength of 1200 MPa or higher shall be baked
4.2 Finish—The coating shall have one of the finish types at a minimum of 190°C for 3 h or more within 4 h after
defined as follows: electroplating to provide hydrogen embrittlement relief. Elec-
Type Description
troplated springs and other parts subject to flexure shall not be
flexed before the hydrogen embrittlement relief treatment. The
I As-plated without supplementary treatment baking treatment shall be done before the application of the
II With colored chromate conversion coatings
III With colorless chromate conversion coatings
supplementary treatments. Baked parts shall not crack or fail
IV With phosphate conversion coatings by fracture when tested in accordance with 10.4.
6.7 Reactivation Treatment—Electroplated surfaces passi-
5. Ordering Information vated as a result of the baking operation shall be reactivated
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5.1 When ordering the electroplating of articles, the pur- before receiving a supplementary treatment. Surfaces intended
chaser shall state the designation number, the date of issue, the for supplementary treatments (Types II and III) may be
class or service condition number, and the type. (See 4.1, 4.2, reactivated by immersion in a dilute acid solution. Surfaces
and 7.1). should be activated as soon as possible following baking and
5.2 If necessary, the purchaser shall include on his part should be handled carefully to avoid contamination.
drawings or purchase order the following: 6.8 Supplementary Treatments—The supplementary film
5.2.1 Electroplating application to high strength steel, if treatment for Types II and III shall be in accordance with
specified (6.4), Practice B 201. The treatment required for conversion to Type
5.2.2 Thickness, if other than specified (4.1, 7.1), IV shall be in accordance with Guide D 2092.
5.2.3 Location of significant surface (7.1.1, 7.1.2),
NOTE 1—The zinc surface is attacked by supplementary treatments,
5.2.4 Luster (7.3), thereby diminishing the amount of metallic zinc present. With Classes
5.2.5 Corrosion resistance test, if specified (9.3, 10.3), Fe/Zn25 and Fe/Zn13, this reduction is insignificant; but it is significant
5.2.6 Hydrogen embrittlement test, if required (9.4, 10.4), with Fe/Zn8 and Fe/Zn5. Therefore, it is recommended that supplemen-
5.2.7 Sample size for inspection, if other than specified, and tary treatments not be applied to zinc coatings having a nominal thickness
5.2.8 Supplementary requirements, if applicable (Supple- less than 5 µm.
mentary Requirement).
7. Coating Requirements
6. Materials and Manufacture 7.1 Thickness—The thickness shall be specified in accor-
6.1 The coatings shall be essentially pure zinc produced by dance with 4.1 and 5.1.
electrodeposition. 7.1.1 Significant Surfaces—Significant surfaces are areas in
6.2 Defects in the surface of the basis metal, such as which minimum thicknesses to be met shall be designated on
scratches, porosity, pits, inclusions, cracks, roll marks, and die the applicable drawing or by the provision of a suitably marked
marks, may adversely affect the appearance and performance sample. Significant surfaces may be defined as those normally
of coatings applied thereto despite the observance of the best visible, directly or by reflection, which are essential to the
electroplating practices. Accordingly, the electroplater’s re- appearance or serviceability of the article when assembled in
sponsibility for defects in the coating resulting from such normal position or which can be the source of corrosion
conditions shall be waived, except when he is the prime products that deface visible surfaces on the assembled article.
contractor supplying electroplated parts. In this event, the basis 7.1.2 Surfaces on which the specified thickness of deposit
metal shall be subjected to such polishing or buffing operations cannot readily be controlled, such as threads, holes, deep
as are necessary to yield deposits with the desired final luster recesses, bases of angles, and similar areas, are normally
and appearance. To minimize problems of this sort, the exempt from minimum thickness requirements, unless they are
specifications covering the basis material on the item to be specially designated as not exempt. When such areas are
electroplated shall contain appropriate limitations to such basis designated, and thus made subject to minimum thickness
metal conditions. requirements, the purchaser and the manufacturer shall recog-
6.3 Cleaning of Basis Metal—Proper preparatory proce- nize the necessity for either thicker deposits on other areas or
dures and thorough cleaning of the basis metal are essential to for special racking.
ensure satisfactory adhesion and corrosion resistance perfor- NOTE 2—The dimensional tolerance of most threaded articles, such as
mance of the coating. It is recommended that the following nuts, bolts, screws, and similar fasteners with complementary threads,
appropriate recommended practices be used: B 183, B 242, normally does not permit the application of a coating thickness much
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B 633
greater than 8.0 µm. If heavier coatings are required, allowance for the requirements that have a numerical limit, such as coating
deposit buildup must be made during the manufacture of the threaded thickness. The test must yield a numeric value and certain
articles. statistical requirements must be met. Test Method B 762
7.2 Adhesion—The adhesion of the coating shall be such contains several plans and also gives instructions for calculat-
that when examined in accordance with 10.2, the coating shall ing plans to meet special needs. Test Method B 762 provides a
not show separation from the basis metal at the interface. default plan if one is not specified.
7.3 Luster—Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, a 8.1.5 Guide F 1470 can be used for fasteners such as
bright, semibright, or dull luster shall be acceptable. internally threaded, externally threaded, and nonthreaded fas-
7.4 Corrosion Resistance—Zinc coatings with Types II and teners and washers. This guide provides for two plans: one
III treatments shall show neither corrosion products of zinc nor designated the “detection process” and one designated the
basis metal corrosion products at the end of the test period, as “prevention process.” The purchaser and producer shall agree
shown below, when tested by continuous exposure to salt spray on the plan to be used.
in accordance with 10.3. The appearance of corrosion products 8.2 An inspection lot shall be defined as a collection of
visible to the unaided eye at normal reading distance shall be coated articles that are the same kind, that have been produced
cause for rejection except that white corrosion products at the to the same specification, that have been coated by a single
edges of specimens shall not constitute failure. supplier at one time or approximately the same time, under
Corrosion Resistance Requirements
Types Test Period, h
essentially identical conditions, and that are submitted for
acceptance or rejection as a group.
II 96
III 12 9. Specimen Preparation
7.5 Workmanship—The surface of the electroplated article 9.1 Electroplated Parts or Separate Specimens—When the
shall be uniform in appearance, free of visible coating defects, electroplated parts are of such form, shape, size, and value as
such as blisters, pits, roughness, nodules, burning, cracks, or to prohibit use thereof, or are not readily adaptable to a test
unplated areas, and other defects that will affect the function of specified herein, or when destructive tests of small lot sizes are
the coating. The coating shall not be stained or discolored. required, the test shall be made by the use of separate
However, superficial staining that results from rinsing or slight specimens plated concurrently with the articles represented.
discoloration resulting from any drying or baking operation to The separate specimens shall be of a basis metal equivalent to
relieve hydrogen embrittlement, shall not be cause for rejec- that of the articles represented. “Equivalent” basis metal
tion. On articles in which a visible contact mark is unavoidable, includes chemical composition, grade, condition, and finish of
its position shall be that chosen by the purchaser. The electro- surface before electroplating. For example, a cold-rolled steel
plated article shall be clean and free of damage. surface should not be used to represent a hot-rolled steel
8. Sampling surface. Because of the impracticality of forging or casting
8.1 The purchaser and producer are urged to use statistical separate test specimens, hot-rolled steel specimens may be
process control in the coating process. Properly performed, used to represent forged and cast steel articles. The separate
statisitical process control will assure coated products of specimens may also be cut from scrap castings when ferrous
satisfactory quality and will reduce the amount of acceptance alloy castings are being electroplated. These separate speci-
inspection. The sampling plan used for the inspection of the mens shall be introduced into a lot at regular intervals before
quality coated article shall be agreed upon between the the cleaning operations, preliminary to electroplating, and shall
purchaser and producer. not be separated therefrom until after completion of electro-
8.1.1 When a collection of coated articles (inspection lot, plating. Conditions affecting the electroplating of specimens,
see 8.2) is examined for compliance with the requirements including the spacing, plating media, bath agitation, tempera-
placed on the articles, a relatively small number of the articles ture, and so forth, in respect to other objects being electro-
(sample) is selected at random and is inspected. The inspection plated, shall correspond as nearly as possible to those affecting
lot is then classified as complying with the requirements based the significant surfaces of the articles represented. Unless a
on the results of the inspection of the sample. The size of the need can be demonstrated, separately prepared specimens shall
sample and the criteria for compliance are determined by the not be used in place of production items for nondestructive and
application of statistics. The procedure is known as sampling visual examinations.
inspection. Test Method B 602, Guide B 697, and Test Method 9.2 Thickness and Adhesion Specimens—If separate speci-
B 762 contain sampling plans that are designed for sampling mens for thickness and adhesion tests are required, they shall
inspection of coatings. be strips approximately 25 mm wide, 100 mm long, and 1 mm
8.1.2 Test Method B 602 contains four sampling plans, three thick.
for use with tests that are nondestructive and one when they are 9.3 Corrosion Resistance Specimens—If separate speci-
destructive. Test Method B 602 provides a default plan if one mens for corrosion resistance tests are required, they shall be
is not specified. panels not less than 150 mm long, 100 mm wide, and
8.1.3 Guide B 697 provides a large number of plans and approximately 1 mm thick.
also gives guidance in the selection of a plan. Guide B 697 9.4 Hydrogen Embrittlement Specimens—If specimens are
provides a default plan if one is not specified. required, the configuration shall be that specified by the
8.1.4 Test Method B 762 can be used only for coating purchaser.
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B 633
10. Test Methods 10.4 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief—When specified in
10.1 Thickness: the contract or purchase order, prepare and test the satisfactory
10.1.1 The thickness of the coating may be determined by behavior of parts to indicate freedom from hydrogen embrittle-
Test Methods B 487, B 499, B 504, B 567, or B 568, as ment.
applicable. 10.5 Visual Examination—Examine material for compli-
10.1.2 MIL-STD-1312, Test 12, may be used for thickness ance with the requirements of luster (7.3) and workmanship
measurements of electroplated fastener hardware. (7.5) after electroplating.
10.1.3 Other methods may be used if it can be demonstrated
that the uncertainty of the measurement with these methods is 11. Rejection
less than 10 %. 11.1 Coatings not conforming to this specification or to
10.1.4 Make thickness measurements of zinc electroplat- authorized modification shall be rejected. They may be recon-
ings, Types II, III, and IV, after application of the supplemen- sidered for inspection in accordance with Test Method B 602.
tary treatments. When Test Methods B 504, B 567, or B 568
are used, remove the supplementary treatment before testing. 12. Certification
The chromate film may be removed from Type II and Type III 12.1 The purchaser may require in the purchase order or
coatings by using a very mild abrasive (a paste of levigated contract that the producer or supplier provide certification that
alumina rubbed on with the finger). The phosphate coating may the finish was produced and tested in accordance with this
be removed from Type IV coating by a concentrated (28 %) specification and found to meet the requirements. The pur-
ammonia solution that quickly dissolves the phosphate coating chaser may similarly require that a report of the test results be
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but does not attack the underlying zinc. furnished.
10.2 Adhesion—Determine adhesion by any suitable proce-
dure in accordance with Test Method B 571. 13. Packaging and Packing
10.3 Corrosion Resistance—When specified in the contract
or purchase order, determine the corrosion resistance in accor- 13.1 Preservation, packaging, and packing methods for
dance with Practice B 117. Subject the selected samples to the zinc-electroplated parts or articles used by a supplier shall be
salt spray test; the length of time to be applicable for the type such as to preclude damaging during shipment and handling.
of supplementary coating shall be in accordance with the
requirements of 7.4. To secure uniformity of results, age Types 14. Keywords
II and III supplementary coatings at room temperature for 24 h 14.1 electrodeposited coatings; zinc; zinc, electrodeposited
before subjection to the salt spray. coatings
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following supplementary requirement shall apply only when specified by the purchaser as part
of the purchaser’s order or contract and for all agencies of the United States Government.
S1. Responsibility for Inspection unless disapproved by the purchaser. The purchaser retains the
S1.1 The producer or supplier shall be responsible for the right to perform any of the inspections and tests set forth in this
performance of all inspection requirements as specified herein. specification where such inspections and tests are deemed
Except as otherwise specified in the contract or order, the necessary to ensure that supplies and services conform to the
supplier may use his own or any other facilities suitable for the prescribed requirements.
performance of the inspection requirements specified herein
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B 633
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1.1 The service life of zinc coating is a function of its values are only relative, since individual studies in various
thickness and the type of environment to which it is exposed. parts of the world have resulted in figures which vary widely
While the conditions of exposure and uses of electroplated from these averages.
metal are so varied that it is not definitely possible to predict Atmosphere Mean Corrosion Rate
the exact life of articles protected by a coating of a given
Industrial 5.6 µm/year
thickness, those using zinc coatings can draw on the wealth of Urban nonindustrial or marine 1.5 µm/year
practical experience at hand, supplemented by results of Suburban 1.3 µm/year
corrosion tests carried out over the years. As a result of Rural 0.8 µm/year
Indoors considerably less than 0.5 µm/year
large-scale and long-range tests conducted by ASTM and other
organizations, there is excellent information on the corrosion NOTE X1.1—The mean corrosion rate given pertains to zinc only and
behavior of zinc and zinc coatings. The following data, based does not include a corrosion rate when zinc is passivated or in contact with
on worldwide testing, may be used to compare the behavior of other materials.
electrodeposited coatings of zinc in various atmospheres. The
X2.1 SC 4—Very Severe—Exposure to harsh conditions, or X2.3 SC 2—Moderate—Exposure mostly to dry indoor
subject to frequent exposure to moisture, cleaners, and saline atmospheres but subject to occasional condensation, wear, or
solutions, plus likely damage by denting, scratching, or abra- abrasion. Examples are: tools, zippers, pull shelves, machine
sive wear. Examples are: plumbing fixtures, pole line hard- parts.
ware.
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X2.4 SC 1—Mild—Exposure to indoor atmospheres with
X2.2 SC 3—Severe—Exposure to condensation, perspira-
rare condensation and subject to minimum wear or abrasion.
tion, infrequent wetting by rain, and cleaners. Examples are:
tubular furniture, insect screens, window fittings, builder’s Examples are: buttons, wire goods, fasteners.
hardware, military hardware, washing machine parts, bicycle
parts.
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