Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Assignment of Computer Architecture and Organization

    Uploaded by

    Shariful Islam
    44 views8 pages
    This document is an assignment submission for a Computer Architecture and Organization course. It was submitted by 6 students to their lecturer on December 14, 2017. The assignment discusses topics related to the course including fifth generation computers, artificial intelligence, Turing machines, neural networks, expert systems, machine learning, computer vision, speech recognition, intelligent robots, and the future of AI.

    Original Description:

    Assignment for CSE Student

    Original Title

    CSE322 Assignment

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    This document is an assignment submission for a Computer Architecture and Organization course. It was submitted by 6 students to their lecturer on December 14, 2017. The assignment discusses topics related to the course including fifth generation computers, artificial intelligence, Turing machines, neural networks, expert systems, machine learning, computer vision, speech recognition, intelligent robots, and the future of AI.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Flag for inappropriate content
    44 views8 pages

    Assignment of Computer Architecture and Organization

    Uploaded by

    Shariful Islam
    This document is an assignment submission for a Computer Architecture and Organization course. It was submitted by 6 students to their lecturer on December 14, 2017. The assignment discusses topics related to the course including fifth generation computers, artificial intelligence, Turing machines, neural networks, expert systems, machine learning, computer vision, speech recognition, intelligent robots, and the future of AI.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 8

    Assignment of Computer Architecture and Organization

    Course Title: Computer Architecture and Organization


    Course Code: CSE 322

    Submitted to:
    Ms. Farhana Sharmin, Lecturer
    Department of Computer Science & Engineering
    Daffodil International University.

    Date of Submission: December 14, 2017

    Prepared by:
    Amiya Adhikary (162-15-7980),
    Avijit Roy (162-15-7898),
    MD. Shahariar Alam (162-15-8113),
    MD. Monir Hossain (162-15-8033),
    MD. Muin Mahmud (162-15-7983),
    MD. Hasanuzzaman (162-15-8025)
    Department: Computer Science & Engineering
    Section: C
    Fifth Generation Computer& Artificial Intelligence

    Fifth Generation Computer:


    The starting point for fifth generation computer has been set in early 1990’s.
    Fifth generation computers are in developmental stage which is based on
    the “Artificial Intelligence”. The goal of the fifth generation is to develop
    the device which could respond to natural language input and are capable
    of learning and self-organization.
    Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will be used in this technology.
    So, we can say that the fifth-generation computers will have the power of human
    intelligence.

    Characteristics of fifth generation computers:


    1) The fifth-generation computers will use super large scale integrated chips.
    2) They will have artificial intelligence.
    3) They will be able to recognize image and graphs.
    4) Fifth generation computer aims to be able to solve highly complex problem including
    decision making, logical reasoning.
    5) They will be able to use more than one CPU for faster processing speed.
    6) Fifth generation computers are intended to work with natural language.

    Artificial Intelligence:
    It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent
    computer programs.
    Intelligence: “The capacity to learn and solve problems”
    Artificial Intelligence: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and robots and the
    branch of computer science that aims to create it.

     the ability to solve problems


     the ability to act rationally
     the ability to act like humans
    Inventor of Artificial Intelligence:
    Alan Mathison Turing (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English
    computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher,
    and theoretical biologist.
    Turing was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer
    science, providing a formalization of the concepts of algorithm and
    computation with the Turing machine. He developed the
    “Turing Machine”
    Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical
    computer science and Artificial Intelligence.

    Turing Machine

    # How complicated is our brain?


    ◦ Neuron
    ◦ 10 12 neurons in a human brain
    ◦ many more synapses (10) connecting these neurons
    ◦ cycle time: 10 seconds (1 millisecond)
    # How complex can we make computers?
    ◦ 108 or more transistors per CPU
    ◦ supercomputer: hundreds of CPUs, 1012 bits of RAM
    ◦ cycle times: order of 10 - 9 seconds
    => Conclusion
    ◦ YES
    ◦ Less interconnections (wires or synapses)
    Modes of communication:
    Text based. Dialogue based

    Speech Recognition:
     Process of converting sound signal captured by microphone or mobile/telephone to
    a set of words.
     70-100 words / min with accuracy of 90%

    Computer Vision:
    Ability of a machine to extract information from an image that is necessary to solve a task.
     Image Acquisition
     Image Processing
     Image Analysis
     Image understanding

    Intelligent Robot:
    Tend to mimic human sensing and decision
    making abilities so that they can adopt
    themselves to certain conditions and modify
    their actions.
    Expert Systems:
     These are Software’s used for decision making.
     Automated Reasoning and Theorem Proving.
     Troubleshooting Expert Systems.
     Stock Market Expert System.

    Subset of Artificial Intelligence:


     Machine Learning — An Approach to Achieve Artificial Intelligence
     Deep Learning — A Technique for Implementing Machine Learning

    Spam free diet: machine learning helps keep your inbox (relatively) free of spam.

    Herding cats: Picking images of cats out of YouTube videos was one of the first
    breakthrough demonstrations of deep learning.
    How Artificial Intelligence Works.:

    AI needs to do two things:


    1. Make decisions
    2. Make prediction
    } Machine Learning algorithm

    Artificial Intelligence in real life:


    Agent service (concierge) Automations (Robotics) Media
    Siri (Apple) Waymo (Google car-driving Automatic writing (AP)
    Google Voice (google) Project) project) Evernote context (Evernote)

    Problem Solving Entertainment Security


    Business Intelligence (Sentient) Deep blue: chess (IBM) Fraud detection (Palantir)
    Stock trading (Binatix) Shogi AI Voice recognition (barclays)
    Hatsune Miku – AI Project Face detection (Apple)
    The most recent AI robot “Sophia”
    Sophia is a humanoid robot developed by Hong
    Kong-based company Hanson Robotics. It has
    been designed to respond to questions, and has
    been interviewed around the world.
    In October 2017, the robot became a Saudi
    Arabian citizen, the first robot to receive
    citizenship of any country.

    Context: Tomorrow (6 Dec'17) Sophia attended the “Digital World-2017” expo, Dhaka.

    The future of Artificial Intelligence:


    # Automated Transportation
    We’re already seeing the beginnings of self-driving cars, though the vehicles are currently
    required to have a driver present at the wheel for safety. Despite these exciting
    developments, the technology isn’t perfect yet, and it will take a while for public acceptance
    to bring automated cars into widespread use. Google began testing a self-driving car in
    2012, and since then, the U.S. Department of Transportation has released definitions of
    different levels of automation, with Google’s car classified as the first level down from full
    automation.

    # Cyborg Technology
    One of the main limitations of being human is simply our own bodies—and brains.
    Researcher Shimon Whiteson thinks that in the future, we will be able to augment ourselves
    with computers and enhance many of our own natural abilities. Though many of these
    possible cyborg enhancements would be added for convenience, others might serve a more
    practical purpose.

    # Taking over dangerous jobs


    Robots are already taking over some of the most hazardous jobs available, including bomb
    defusing. These robots aren’t quite robots yet, according to the BBC. They are technically
    drones, being used as the physical counterpart for defusing bombs, but requiring a human
    to control them, rather than using AI. Whatever their classification, they have saved
    thousands of lives by taking over one of the most dangerous jobs in the world. As
    technology improves, we will likely see more AI integration to help these machines function .
    # Solving climate change
    Solving climate change might seem like a tall order from a robot, but as Stuart Russell
    explains, machines have more access to data than one person ever could—storing a mind-
    boggling number of statistics. Using big data, AI could one day identify trends and use that
    information to come up with solutions to the world’s biggest problems.

    # Robot as friends
    Introduced in 2014, “Pepper” the companion robot went on sale in 2015, with all 1,000
    initial units selling out within a minute. The robot was programmed to read human
    emotions, develop its own emotions, and help its human friends stay happy. Pepper goes on
    sale in the U.S. in 2016, and more sophisticated friendly robots are sure to follow.

    # Improved elder care


    For many seniors, everyday life is a struggle, and many must hire outside help to manage
    their care, or rely on family members. AI is at a stage where replacing this need isn’t too far
    off, says Matthew Taylor, computer scientist at Washington State University. “Home” robots
    could help seniors with everyday tasks and allow them to stay independent and in their
    homes for as long as possible, which improves their overall well-being.

    Thank you !

    You might also like