Metabolism Glycolysis
Metabolism Glycolysis
Glycolysis
1
The various pathways of
carbohydrate, fat, and protein
catabolism are finally run into the
common catabolic pathway, which
is made up of the citric acid cycle
and oxidative phosphorylation
2
Carbohydrate Metabolism
3
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Glucose
Glycolysis
Oxygen No Oxygen
Pyruvic Acid
Aerobic Anaerobic
5
Glycolysis
Phosphorylation
Isomerase
Phosphorylation
Cleaving
Dihydroxyacetonephoshphate
Oxidation & Phosphorylation
9
PEP has the highest-energy phosphate bond found (-61.9 kJ/mol) in living organisms,
and is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
In plants, it is also involved in the biosynthesis of various aromatic compounds, and
in carbon fixation;
In bacteria, it is also used as the source of energy for the phosphotransferase system.
*) this particular reaction produce produce 1 ATP but also generates an excess energy as
heat that define a living cell.
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Control Points in Glycolysis
11
PYRUVATE FATE
Alcohol
dehydrogenase
Lactate
dehydrogenase
12
Anaerobic pathway
- This step regenerate NAD+ through
reaction catalyze by a dehydrogenase
(an enzyme linked to NADH) in the
Alcohol
absence of oxygen dehydrogenase
Pyruvate
Decarboxylase
Lactate
dehydrogenase
13
Gluconeogenesis
14
Gluconeogenesis
fructose-1,6bisphosphatase (F1,6BPase)
acts to remove a phosphate from F1,6BP,
yielding F6P.
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16
Gluconeogenesis
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Cori Cycle
Glycolysis AND Pentose
Large glucose flux Phosphate
Pathway
Pentose
Phosphate
Pathway
Glycolysis
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Pentose Phosphate Pathway
20
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
21
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
6C
6C
5C 5C
6C
5C 7C 3C
4C
22
3C 6C 6C
Oxidative stage of PPP
7C
5C 4C 5C
5C
6C 3C
23
NADPH FUNCTION
24
TCA CYCLE – KREBS CYCLE – CITRIC ACID
CYCLE
25
KREBS CYCLE –
Anabolism
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KREBS CYCLE
27
Pyruvate
Dehydrogenase
Figure2824.7
KREBS CYCLE
hydration Oxidation
Fumarase
aconitase
Oxidation
Succinate
dehydrogenase Oxidation
a-ketoglutarate
CoA hydrolysis dehydrogenase
29
Succinyl CoA synthetase
30
Acetyl CoA is giving the energy to drive the reaction (an activated
intermediate substance). Thus this reaction is very favorable.
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32
33
The attachment of CoA is a high energy bond, thus the release of it produce GTP
34
The double bond in fumarate is easily susceptible with water.
35
The reaction of L malate – oxaloacetate in unfavorable, however the next rx. binding
of oxaloacetate with acetyl coA is highly favorable (coA has high energy) thus the
oxaloacetate amount will diminished faster, forcing the reaction to move forward.
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KREBS CYCLE
37
KREBS CYCLE –
Control Point
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KREBS CYCLE – GLYOXYLATE CYCLE
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Lipid Metabolism
42
Lipid Metabolism
• Catabolism of fats
involves two
separate pathways
– Glycerol pathway
– Fatty acids pathway
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Lipid Metabolism
45
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Mitochondria
47
Lipid Metabolism - Oxidation
50
Lipogenesis and Lipolysis
51
Lipogenesis and Lipolysis
52
Ketone bodies
53
Protein Metabolism
54
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