Effectiveness of Strategies of The Philippine National Police To Deter or Stop Criminal Behavior

Effectiveness of Strategies of the Philippine National Police to Deter or Stop
Criminal Behavior
Angelica Eser Jose Diaz

P-RESM/PW
March 25, 2019

I. Background of the Study
Crime is evident in various forms in the Philippines, and remains a

serious issue throughout the country. Illegal drug trade, human trafficking,
murder, corruption, domestic violence and extrajudicial killings remain significant
concerns. The Philippines has a high rate of murder cases, which is the highest
in Southeast Asia as of 2014. The Philippine National Police is committed to
ensuring public safety and reducing the fear and the incidence of crime in the
community. However, the effectiveness of strategies of the Philippine National
Police to deter or stop crime depends on the outcome or result of their policies.
The standard model of policing encompasses strategies that come to

mind when the average person thinks about what police are supposed to do are
basically simple and doable. But it is not that simple when the central element of
the standard model involves enforcing the law in a broad and reactive way,
primarily using police resources. Specifically, the strategies of the standard
model of policing include the following (Sherman et al., 1997; Weisburd & Eck,
2004):
• Increased number of police officers (to increase the ability to detect

crime and arrest offenders)
• Unfocused, random motorized patrols (to create a perception of a
police “omnipresence” to deter crime in public places)
• Rapid response to calls for service (to increase the likelihood of
catching offenders)
• Follow-up investigations by detectives (to increase the solvability of
the crimes)
• General reactive arrest policies (to deter and punish with due process
specific offenders as well as deter the general public from committing crimes)
Despite the standard model, It is unclear whether the Philippine

National Police does follow the appropriate standard model of policing. The
Philippines’ kill-list of suspected drug-pushers shot by the police or unknown
gunmen gets longer by the day without due process. Extrajudicial killings are
prominent thus thousands of people have died since Rodrigo Duterte was
elected president on May 9th; another puts the total at nearly 6,000. Inaugurated
on June 30th, Mr. Duterte has taken to naming senior officials publicly as
suspected narcos: generals, policemen and judges have been told to resign and
submit to investigation. President Duterte is unabashed at international criticism,
boasting that he does not care about human rights or due process. He was
elected on a promise to eradicate crime, even by killing 100,000 gangsters and
dumping their bodies in Manila Bay under the hands of the Philippine National
Police (PNP). More worrying still is that the bloodletting is popular with Filipinos,
many of whose lives are blighted by poverty and crime.
The underpinning basis or core of President Duterte’s philosophy of

punishment is based on retribution and deterrence. Retribution is grounded on a
moral compass: it demands punishment for a wrong done, a moral redress to a
wicked act. Deterrence is founded on a utilitarian compass: it requires
punishments to be meaningful and effective, which can be achieved if
punishments are severe, swift, and certain. President Duterte combines these
two philosophies as the foundation for his wars on drugs, criminality, corruption,
and terrorism. He threatens to kill drug users and dealers, to peel the skin off
criminals, to throw the corrupt off helicopters, and to eat the brains of the
terrorists – to simply deter them from criminal acts. The severity of his threatened
punishments translates into the swift punishment of drug addicts who are
physically eliminated by the Philippine National Police (PNP) and those who
share his philosophies. Due to this fact, it is clear that the Philippine National
Police (PNP) has pledged to stay loyal to the Constitution and support President
Duterte’s plans as they are under President Rodrigo Duterte’s influence,
authority, and power.
However, despite the unethical method of the extrajudicial killings, both

the whole country and Metro Manila experienced a decrease in the crime rate so
far during the president’s administration. Official incidents for eight crimes in the
national capital for the week has decreased year-on-year, the Philippine National
Police’s National Capital Region Police Office (PNP-NCRPO) reported. In a
statement, NCRPO Director Camilo Cascolan said the average weekly crime rate
under the eight focused crimes in Metro Manila has declined based on data
monitoring recorded. The NCRPO said the week year-on-year has seen murder
and homicide decrease from 34 to 33 incidents, physical injury decline from 85 to
38 incidents, rape lower from 21 to 15, robbery down from 63 to 41, theft
decrease from 103 to 95, car theft reduce from four to one, and motorcycle theft
decrease from 19 to nine incidents. PNP spokesperson Senior Supt. Benigno
Durana said the drop in crimes in the last two years shows the effective crime
solution employed by the PNP especially on the war on drugs. Crimes against
property like robbery, carnapping, and theft went down by around 50 percent
during the same period, according to PNP data. The index crime solution
efficiency rate went up from July 2014 to June 2016 from 32.04 percent to 37.73
percent from July 2016 to June 2018. The crime solution efficiency rate also
improved from 51.44 percent from July 2014 to June 2016 to 62.13 percent from
July 2016 to June 2018.
The Philippine National Police, the country’s law enforcement agency, is

in-charge of solving different crime related situations. Data shows the decrease
of crime rate in the Philippines over the past two years. But, public perception to
PNP’s strategies are also relevant against such situation will affect the agency’s
credibility and reputation. These elements are important for these will have
impact to the public’s trust and cooperation with PNP which is pertinent for the
agency’s daily operations and the effectiveness of the strategies of the Philippine
National Police to deter or stop crime. This descriptive study aims to determine
the perception of the public of the strategies of PNP against criminal behaviour. It
is achieved by identifying the strategies against crime and will be accomplished
also through content analysis from different sources, statistics, interviews, and
survey.
II. Statement of the Problem

How effective are the strategies of the Philippine National Police in
deterring or stopping the crime? Can the Philippine National Police improve their
policies or methods to decrease the number of crime without the use of unethical
methods?
It was proven that extrajudicial killings has killed many criminals even
the innocent ones. However, are extrajudicial killings effective in gaining the
public’s trust and cooperation with the PNP?

Effectiveness of Strategies of The Philippine National Police To Deter or Stop Criminal Behavior

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Effectiveness of Strategies of the Philippine National Police to Deter or Stop

Angelica Eser Jose Diaz

March 25, 2019

Crime is evident in various forms in the Philippines, and remains a

The standard model of policing encompasses strategies that come to

• Increased number of police officers (to increase the ability to detect

Despite the standard model, It is unclear whether the Philippine

The underpinning basis or core of President Duterte’s philosophy of

However, despite the unethical method of the extrajudicial killings, both

The Philippine National Police, the country’s law enforcement agency, is

II. Statement of the Problem

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