ISC 2016

CHEMISTRY - 1
(THEORY)

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 CHEMISTRY PAPER – 1 (THEORY)
PART I (20 Marks)
Answer all questions.
Question 1
(a) Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word/words from those given in the [5]
brackets:
(Henry’s, aldol condensation, absence, do not, ohm, Raoult’s, increases, common ion
effect, easily, three, solubility product, ohm-1, two, four, ohm-1cm2, cannizzaro,
ohm-1cm-1, zero, decreases, presence)
(i) Ideal solutions obey_________ law and they _______ form azeotropic mixtures.
(ii) %HQ]DOGHK\GH XQGHUJRHV BBBBBBBB UHDFWLRQ GXH WR BBBBBBBBB RI Į-hydrogen
atom.
(iii) The solubility of silver chloride ________ in the presence of sodium chloride
____
because of_____________.
iv) The unit of conductance is _________ and that of specific conductance is _______.
(iv)

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(v) When the concentration of a reactant of first order reaction is doubled, the rate
becomes __________ times, but for ___________ order reaction, the rate remains
sam
same.

b)
(b) Complete the following statements by selecting the correct alternative from the [5]
choices given:
(i) Electrochemical equivalent is the amount of substance which gets deposited from
its solution on passing electrical charge eq
equal to:
(1) 96,500 Coulombs
(2) 1 Coulomb
(3) 60 Coulombs
oulombs
(4) 965 Coulombs
(ii) The complex ion [Ni(CN)4]2- is:
(1) Square planar and diamagnetic
(2) Tetrahedral and paramagnetic
(3) Square planar and paramagnetic
(4) Tetrahedral and diamagnetic
(iii) Wohler’s synthesis is used for the preparation of:
(1) Glycine
(2) Amino acids
(3) Urea
(4) Proteins


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 (iv) When SO2 gas is passed through acidified K2Cr2O7 solution, the colour of the
solution changes to:
(1) Red
(2) Black
(3) Orange
(4) Green
(v) ோ௘ௗ ௉
In the equation CH3COOH + Cl2 ିு஼௟
A, the compound A is:
(1) CH3CH2Cl
(2) ClCH2COOH
(3) CH3Cl
(4) CH3COCl

(c) questions:
Answer the following que [5]

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(i) What is the order of reaction whose rate constant has the same unit as the rate of
reaction?
(ii) What is the pH value of a solution whose hydroxyl
h ion concentration 1× -2 M?
centration is 1×10
(iii) Calculate the number of coulombs
oulombs required to deposit 5·4g of Al when the
electrode reaction is:
Al3+ + 33e- ՜ Al [Atomic Weight of Al = 27 g/mol].
pr
(iv) Write the reaction to prepare acetaldehyde from hydrogen gas and an acid chloride.
(v) The edge length of unit cell of a body centered cubic (bcc) crystal is 352 pm.
Calculate the radius of the atom.
om.
(d) ing:
Match the following: [5]
(i) Weak electrolyte (a) pH of a solution
(ii) Colour in crystals (b) Iodoform
(iii) Acetone (c) Tollen’s reagent
(iv) Sorensen (d) Ostwald dilution law
(v) Ammonical silver nitrate (e) F - centre


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Comments of Examiners
(a) (i) Some candidates wrote ‘Henry’s’ instead of Suggestions for teachers
‘Raoult’s’ in the first blank. For the second blank,  Teach ideal and non-ideal solutions,
instead of ‘do not’ a few candidates wrote Raoult’s Law and azeotropic
incorrect answers. mixtures with examples.
(ii) Instead of ‘Cannizzaro’ some candidates wrote  Explain the named organic reactions
‘aldol condensation’. In place of ‘absence’ some along with conditions.
wrote ‘presence’.  Ask students to learn common ion
(iii) A number of candidates wrote ‘increases’ instead effect and its application on the
of ‘decreases’ in the first blank. Some candidates solubility of weak electrolytes.
wrote ‘solubility product’ instead of ‘common ion  Teach the terms ‘conductance’,
effect’ in the second blank. ‘specific conductance’, etc. along
(iv) Some candidates wrote wrong units for with the units.
conductance and specific conductance.  Explain the relationship between the
(v) Many candidates wrote ‘four’ instead of ‘two’ for change in concentration and rate of
the first blank. In the second blank also, instead of reaction,, for different order of o
zero’, some candidates wrote ‘two’.
‘zero’, two’. re
reactions.

GF
F
(b) (i) Some candidates wrote ‘‘96,500 0 coulombs’ instead  The relationship between
betwee
of ‘1 coulomb’. electrochemical equivalent an and
(ii) Instead of ‘square planer and diamagnetic’ several
sev chemical
ical equivalent shou should be
candidates wrote wrong alternatives. explained
ained to student
students.
(iii) A few candidates wrote ‘pr ‘protein’ instead of ‘urea
‘urea’..  The geom
geometry
etry of hybridiza
hybridization and
(iv) Instead off ‘green’
‘green’ some candidates gave wrong netic property of coordination
magnetic coordinatio
options.
option compound
pound must be explained with
(v) A number of candidates attempted this part the help of valence bond theory.
incorrectly.
incorrectly  Sufficient practice should be given
c) (i) A number off candidate
(c) candidatess gave the answer as ‘first on the calculations
alculations of order of o
and second order reaction’ which was incorrec
incorrect. reaction.
on.
(ii) Most candidates calculated the pH value = 2  Give practice on numerical basebased on
stead of the correct value 12.
instead calculation
ation of pH and pOH
pO value.
(iii) Some candidates es calculated the change in terms of  Stress must be laid on named
Faraday whereas according to the question, the reactions along with conditions. Ask
answer had to be written in Coulombs; incorrect students to write complete and
responses were also given. balanced equations.
(iv) Several candidates were not able to write the  The relationship between edge
conditions for the reaction. length (a) and radius (r) for various
(v) A number of candidates calculate the radius of types of cubic unit cell must be
bcc unit cell incorrectly as the used the wrong explained to students.
formula.
(d) This part was attempted correctly by most of the
candidates.


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MARKING SCHEME
Question 1
(a) (i) Raoult’s, do not
(ii) Cannizzaro, absence
(iii) decreases, common ion effect
(iv) ohm-1, ohm-1cm-1
(v) two, zero
(b) (i) (2) or 1 Coulomb
(ii) (1) or Square planar and diamagnetic
(iii) (3) or Urea
(iv) (4) or Green
(v)
v) (2) or ClCH2COOH

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(c) (i) Zero order reaction, rate = k[A]o
௥௔௧௘
k= = rate = k
[஺]೚

(ii) pOH = - log10 [OH-]

[[OH-] = 1×10-2 M
pOH = 2,
pH = 14 – 2 = 12
(iii) Al3+ + 3e- ՜ Al
1 mole 3 mole 1 mole
27 g 3 Faraday 27 g
‫ ׵‬27 g if Al iis deposited
d it by 3 F
ଷ×ହ·ସ
‫ ׵‬5·4 g Al is deposited by ଶ଻
= 0·6 F
Coulomb = Faraday × 96,500 = 0·6×96,500
= 57,900 coulomb
௉ௗ/஻௔ௌைర
(iv) CH3COCl+ H2 CH3CHO + HCl

(v) ξଷ ௔
For bcc structure radius of sphere = r =
ସ
a = 352 p m (edge length of unit cell)
ξଷ
Radius of atom (r) = ×352
ସ

= 152·42 p m


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(d) Match the following:
(i) Weak electrolyte (d) Ostwald dilution law
(ii) Colour in crystals (e) F - centre
(iii) Acetone (b) Iodoform
(iv) Sorensen (a) pH of a solution
(v) Ammonical silver nitrate (c) Tollen’s reagent

PART II (50 Marks)

Answer six questions choosing two from Section A, two from
on B and two from Section C
Section C.

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SECTION A
swer any two questions.
Answer

Question 2
(a)
a) (i) A 10% aqueous solution of cane sugar (mol. wt. 342) is isotonic with 1·754% [2]
aqueous solution of urea. Find the molecular mass of urea.
(ii) The molecular weight of an compound is 58 g mol-1. What will
n organic com ll be the [2]
boiling point of a solution containing 48 grams of the solute in 1200 grams of
water?
Kb for water = 0·513oC kg mole-1; Boiling
[K Boil point of water = 100oC.]
(iii) What will be the value of van’t Hoff factor(i) of benzoic acid
id if it dimerises in [1]
aqueous solution? How will the experimental molecular weight vary as compared
to the normal molecular weight?
(b) (i) Determine the pH value of 0·001 M acetic acid solution if it is 2% ionised at this [2]
concentration. How can the degree of dissociation of this acetic acid solution be
increased?
(ii) The solubility product of PbCl2 at 298K is 1·7 × 10-5. Calculate the solubility of [2]
PbCl2 in g/lit. at 298K.
Atomic Weights: [Pb = 207 and Cl = 35·5]
(c) Graphite is anisotropic with respect to conduction of electric current. Explain. [1]


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Comments of Examiners
(a) (i) A number of candidates calculated the number of Suggestions for teachers
moles incorrectly. A few candidates calculated  Stress upon writing all the steps
the molecular weight of urea directly. involved in solving the numerical
(ii) &DOFXODWLRQ RI HOHYDWLRQ RI ERLOLQJ SRLQW ǻ7b) problems i.e. the formula,
was done correctly by many candidates but a few substitution and calculation of
candidates subtracted this value from boiling answer with correct unit.
SRLQW RI ZDWHU LQVWHDG RI DGGLQJ ǻ7b to the  Explain the difference between the
boiling point of water to obtain the correct boiling point of pure solvent and the
boiling point of solution. solution.
(iii) Several candidates wrote that i < 1 instead of  The abnormal molecular weights,
i = 0.5 or ½. Experimental molecular weight = Van’t Hoff factor, degree of
2 x normal molecular weight was also not dissociation, degree of association
mentioned by a few candidates. must be explained clearly to
(b) (i) The pH value was calculated correctly by most of students.
the candidates. However,, a number of candidates  Stress upon
p calculation of ppH value
re not able to answer the second part of the
were by using correct formula. Th The

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S
question, i.e. ‘How can the degree of dissociation concept of Ostwald dilution law an and
of this acetic acid solution be increased?”. its application must be explained in i
(ii) Most of the candid
candidates calculated the solubility of detail to students.
PbCl2 in terms of moles per litre only but not no in  Use off the formula ii.e. ksp = 4s3 for
terms of g/litre, as asked in the question. B 2, conversion of solubi
BaCl solubility from
c) Many candidates were not able to explain clearly the
(c) moles/lit. to g/lit. and vice versa
term ‘anisotropy’ with reference to the electrical must be explained clearly to
m
conductivit in graphite.
conductivity phite. students.
 The concept of anisotropy
otropy and free
electronss in graphite must be
explained
ned to students.

MARKING SCHEME E
Question 2
(a) (i) ଵ଴
No. of moles of cane sugar = ଷସଶ = 0 · 0292
ଵ·଻ହସ
No. of moles of urea =
௫
ȆFDQHVXJDU ȆXUHDLVRWRQLFVROXWLRQ
n1 RT/V = n2 RT/V
0·0292 = 1·754/x
x = 60·06
(ii) 1200 g of water contains 48 g of solute
1000 g contains 48 ×1000/1200 = 40 g of solute
Molality = 40/58 = 0·689 mol / kg
οTb = kb molality = 0·513 ×0·689 = 0·353oC


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 B.P. = 100 + 0·353 = 100·353oC
(iii) Vant Hoff factor (i) = observed colligative property / normal colligative property
Since benzoic acid dimerised, i = ½ or 0·5
Experimental mol. wt. = twice the normal mol.wt.
(b) (i) ଶ·଴
Į 
ଵ଴଴
= 0 · 02
pH = -ORJ&Į
pH = -log 0·001×0·02 = -log 2×10-5
pH = 4·69
The degree of dissociation of this acetic acid can be increased by diluting the solution
(ii) Solubility product (ksp) = 4S3 = 1·7×10-5
Solubility (S) = 0·01619 mol L-1
Mol mass of PbCl2 = 278
Solubility in g/lit. = 0·01619× 278 = 4·50 g/lit.

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G FS
(c) Graphite exists in the form of layer structure. The electrical conductivity is more parallel to th
the
layer whereas the electrical conductivity is less perpendicular to the layer.

Question 3
a)
(a) (i) In a body centred and face centred arrangement of atoms of an element, what will [2]
be the number of atoms present
ent in respective unit cells? Justify your answer with
calculation.
(ii) A compound AB has a simple cubic structure and has molecular mass 99. Its [2]
density is 3·4 g cm-3. W
What will be the edge length of the unit cell?
(b) (i) For the reaction: 2NO(g) ֖ N2(g) + O2(g); οH = íheat [2]
Ke = 2·5 ×102 at 298K
what will happen to the concentration of N2 if:
(1) Temperature is decreased to 273K.
(2) Pressure is reduced.
(ii) In a first order reaction, 10% of the reactant is consumed in 25 minutes. Calculate: [2]
(1) The half-life period of the reaction.
(2) The time required for completing 87·5% of the reaction.
(c) Water acts as Bronsted acid as well as a Bronsted base. Give one example each to [2]
illustrate this statement.


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Comments of Examiners
(a) (i) Most of the candidates wrote the answer directly
Suggestions for teachers
without showing the calculation.
 Explain the calculations to find out
(ii) While many candidates were able to calculate
the number of atoms in various
the value of a3, the value of edge length was not
types of cubic unit cells i.e. simple
calculated correctly in many cases. Some
cubic, body centered cubic and face
candidates substituted the value of z = 4 instead
centered cubic.
of z = 1.
 Give more practice in solving
(b) (i) A few candidates were confused regarding
numerical problems based on
whether the given reaction is exothermic or
density, edge length, etc.
endothermic, hence gave wrong answers. The
 Factors affecting chemical
second part was not attempted correctly by
equilibrium using Le Chatelier’s
many candidates.
principle should be explained to
(ii) While a number of candidates were able to
students.
calculate t1/2 correctly, the time required for
 Sufficient practice in numericals
completing 87.5% of the reaction was not
based on half-life pperiod ((t1/2)
ated correctly by many candidates.
calculated
should be given.
ven.
(c) Concept
oncept of Bronsted acid and Bronsted base was

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GF
FS
 Bronsted Lowry’s concept and acid-acid-
not clear to many candidates. Most of the
base conjugate pairs should be
candidates could not give proper examples of water
explained
ed clearly with examples.
acting as Bron ted base.
Bronsted acid and as Bronsted

MARKING SCHEME
Question 3
(a)
a) (i) ଵ
BC ner atoms = 8×଼ = 1
BCC corner
Body centred atom = 1×1= 1
Total number of atoms 1 + 1 = 2
ଵ
FCC corner
ner atoms = 8×଼ = 1
ଵ
Face centred atoms = 6× = 3
ଶ
Total number of atoms 1 + 3 = 4
(ii) ௓×ெ
ߩ=
௔య ×ேಲ
Simple cubic structure Z = 1
M = 99, NA = 6·023 × 1023 , density = 3·4g/cm3
௓×ெ ଵ×ଽଽ
a3 = =
ఘ×ேಲ ଷ·ସ×଺·଴ଶଷ×ଵ଴మయ
a3 = 4·834 × 10-23cm
a = 3·64 × 10-8 cm


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(b) (i) (1) The reaction is exothermic hence decrease in temperature will favour the forward
reaction, i.e. concentration of N2 will increase.
(2) Pressure has no effect on equilibrium.
(ii) (1) ଶ·ଷ଴ଷ ௔
k= log 10
௧ ௔ି௫
ଶ·ଷ଴ଷ ଵ଴଴
k= ଶହ
log 10 ଽ଴
k = 0·0042 min-1
଴·଺ଽଷ ଴·଺ଽଷ
t1/2 = ௞
= ଴·଴଴ସଶ = 165 min
(2) ଶ·ଷ଴ଷ ଵ଴଴
t= log 10
଴·଴଴ସଶ ଵଶ.ହ
t = 495·14 min
(c) HCl(aq) + H2O(l)֕ H3O+(aq)+ Cl- (aq)
acid-1
d-1 base-2 acid-2 base-1

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H2O(l) + NH3(l)֕ NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
acid-1 base-2 acid-2
acid base-1

Question 4
a)
(a) (i) Consider the following cell reaction at 298 K: [3]
+ 2+
2Ag + C Cd ՜ 2Ag + Cd
The standard reduction potentials (Eo) ffor Ag+/Ag and Cd2+/Cd are 0·80V
80V and
í0·40V respectively:
(1) Write the cell representation.
(2)) the concentration of Cd2+ is 0·1 M and that
What will be the emf of the cell if th
+
of Ag is 0·2 M?
(3) Will the cell work spontaneously for the condition given in (2) above?
(ii) What is a buffer solution? How is it prepared? Explain the buffer action of a basic [2]
buffer with a suitable example.

(b) Explain the following: [2]

(i) When NaCl is added to AgNO3 solution, a white precipitate is formed.
(ii) An aqueous solution of ammonium chloride is acidic in nature.
(c) A 0·05 M NH4OH solution offers the resistance of 50 ohms to a conductivity cell at [3]
298K. If the cell constant is 0·50 cm-1 and molar conductance of NH4OH at infinite
dilution is 471·4 ohm-1 cm2 mol-1, calculate:
(i) Specific conductance
(ii) Molar conductance
(iii) Degree of dissociation

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Comments of Examiners
(a) (i) The cell representation was not given correctly Suggestions for teachers
by many candidates; the calculation of emf of  Give more practice in cell
the cell by using Nernst equation was also not
representation; Numericals based on
correct, in some cases. The third part of the
Nernst equation should be taught
question was generally answered correctly by
most candidates. with examples. The relationship
(ii) Many candidates explained acidic buffer and its between Gibbs free energy (G) and
action instead of basic buffer emf of the cell (E) must be
(b) (i) Some of the candidates did not mention that the explained clearly.
white precipitate is due to the formation of  Theory of precipitation that I.P. >
AgCl. ksp should be explained to students.
(ii) Several candidates mentioned ‘anionic  Explain cationic and anionic
hydrolysis’ instead of ‘cationic hydrolysis’. hydrolysis to students by giving
(c) (i) Specificc conductance (k) was calculated suitable examples.
correctly in most cases.

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GF
FS
 Explain clearly the calculations of
i) While most candidates calculated molar
(ii)
specific conductance and degree of
correctly, the unit was not
conductance correctly
mentioned ini several cases. dissociation.
tion.
(iii) The degree of dissociation (Į) was nnot
calculated correctly by many candidates.

MARKING SCHEME
Question 4
(a)
a) (i) (1) Cd(s) / Cd2+(aq) g+(aq) / Ag
(aq // Ag

(2) Eocell= Eocathode – Eoanode

= 0·80 – (-0·40)
= 1·2V
1 2V
଴·଴ହଽଵ [௖ௗ మశ ][஺௚]మ
Ecell = Eocell - log10
௡ [஺௚శ ]మ [ୡୢ]
଴·଴ହଽଵ [଴·ଵ]
= 1·2 - log
௡ [଴·ଶ]మ
= 1·18V
(3) οG = -nFEo
Since Eo is positive, οG will be negative so the cell will work spontaneously.
(ii) Buffer solutions are those solutions which resist the change in their pH value when small
quantity of acid or alkali is added to it.
Preparation of buffer
x By taking aqueous solution of a weak acid and its salt with a strong base. or
x By taking aqueous solution of a weak base and its salt with a strong acid.

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 Buffer action of basic buffer
NH4OH(aq) NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
NH4Cl(aq) NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
On adding NaOH
NH4++ OH- NH4OH(aq)
From buffer from NaOH

On adding HCl
OH-(aq)+ H3O+ 2H2O(l)
From buffer from HCl

Hence, there is no change in pH of buffer solution.

Buffer action of any basic buffer solution may be given.
(b) (i) NaCl௔௤
௤
Na+ + Cl-

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GFFS
AgNO
g 3௔௤ O 3-
Ag+ + NO

NaCl + AgNO3՜ AgCl + NaNO3

white ppt
(ii) Ammonium chloride is a salt of strong acid and weak base, hence due to cationic
hydrolysis, the aq solution of ammonium chloride is acidic in nature.
(c)
c) (i) ଵ
Specific conductance ᐪ = × cell constant
ோ
ଵ
= × 0·50
ହ଴
= 0·01 ohm-1 cm-1
(ii) ଵ଴଴଴×௄ ଵ଴଴଴×଴·଴ଵ
ଵ
Molar conductance (^௠ ) = =
஼ ଴·଴ହ
-1 2 -1
= 200 ohm
h cm mol
(iii) ^೘ ଶ଴଴
Degree of dissociation (Į = = 0.4242
^೘ ஶ ସ଻ଵ.ସ

SECTION B
Answer any two questions
Question 5

(a) Write the IUPAC names of the following: [2]

(i) [Co(NH3)4SO4]NO3
(ii) K[Pt(NH3)Cl3]
(b) What type of isomerism is exhibited by the following pairs of compounds: [1]
(i) [PtCl2(NH3)4]Br2 and [PtBr2(NH3)4]Cl2
(ii) [Cr(SCN)(H2O)5]2+ and [Cr(NCS)(H2O)5]2+


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(c) How does K2[Pt Cl4] get ionised when dissolved in water? Will it form precipitate [2]
when AgNO3 solution is added to it? Give a reason for your answer.

Comments of Examiners
(a) (i) Some candidates wrote ‘amine’ instead of
Suggestions for teachers
‘ammine’. A few candidates wrote the wrong
 Given sufficient practice in writing
oxidation state.
IUPAC names.
(ii) Several candidates wrote ‘platinumate’ or
 Calculation of oxidation state of
‘platinum’ instead of ‘platinate’.
central metal atom should be given
(b) (i) While most candidates wrote the correct type of
more emphasis.
isomerism some wrote ionic and structural
 Isomerism of coordination
isomerism instead of ‘ionization isomerism’.
compounds should be explained to
(ii) Some candidates wrote ‘ligand isomerism’ instead
students with examples.
of ‘linkage isomerism’.
(c)The ionization of K2[PtCl4], was not correctly
mentionedned by a number of candidates. A few
f candidates wrote tha
that precipitatee will be formed whe
when

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gNO3 solution is added.
AgNO

MARKING
ARKING SCHEME
Question 5
(a)
a) (i) Tetraamminesulphato cobalt(III) nitrate
(ii) Potassium ammine trichloridoplatinate(II)
(b)
b) (i) Ionisation isomerism
(ii) Linkage isomerism
(c)
c) K2[Pt Cl4] ՜ 2K+ + [Pt Cl4]2-
precipitate with AgNO3 solution because Cl- ion is not free to form white
It will not form white precip
Cl.
precipitate of AgCl.

Question 6
(a) Give balanced equations for the following reactions: [3]
(i) Silver nitrate is added to dilute solution of sodium thiosulphate.
(ii) Potassium dichromate is treated with acidified ferrous sulphate solution.
(iii) Phosphorous reacts with conc. sulphuric acid.
(b) How will you obtain pure potassium permanganate (KMnO4) crystals from its ore, [2]
pyrolusite? Give the steps involved and the reactions.


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Comments of Examiners
Suggestions for teachers
(a) Most of the candidates wrote either incorrect or  More practice should be given in
incomplete equations. In many cases, the equations writing complete and balanced
were unbalanced. equations.
(b) The conversion of pyrolusite (MnO2) to pure  Emphasis should be given on
potassium permanganate was not answered correctly writing complete and correct
by the candidates. Candidates were not able to write equations of preparation of KMnO4
the steps correctly. from MnO2 (pyrolusite ore)

MARKING SCHEME
Question 6
(a) (i) 2AgNO3 + Na2S2O3՜ Ag2S2O3 + 2NaNO3
white ppt
Ag2S2O3+ H2O ՜Ag
A 2S + H2SO4
black
b

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(ii) SO4՜ K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + 33Fe2(SO
K2Cr2O7 + 7H2SO4 + 6FeSO SO4)3 + 7H2O
(iii) P4 + 10 H2SO4՜ 4H3PO4 + 10SO2+ 4H2O
(b)
b) Conversion of pyrolusite (MnO2) to potassium manga
manganate
ο
2MnO2 + 4KOH + O2 2K2MnO4 + 2H2O
O
Or
ο
2MnO2 + 2K2CO3 + O2 2K2 MnO4+ 2CO2
Oxidation of potassium manganate to potassium
pot permanganate.
3K2MnO4 + 2CO2՜
՜2KMnO
MnO4+ MnO2 + 2K2CO3
Or
2K2MnO4 + Cl2՜
՜2KMnO4 + 2KCl
(or any other correct method)

Question 7
(a) (i) Sulphur dioxide acts as an oxidizing agent as well as a reducing agent. Give one [3]
reaction each to show its oxidizing nature and its reducing nature.
(ii) Explain why an aqueous solution of potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) does not give
the test for ferrous ion.
(b) What is meant by Lanthanide contraction? Write the general electronic configuration of [2]
inner transition elements.


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Comments of Examiners
(a) (i) Most of the candidates were not able to write this Suggestions for teachers
answer correctly. The examples given were also  Explain the properties of oxidising
not correct. and reducing agents with correct
(ii) The ionisation of complex compounds was shown examples.
correctly by many candidates but some gave  Explain ionisation of co-ordination
invalid reasons. compounds clearly. Basic idea of
(b) Incorrect meaning of lanthanide contraction was complex compound should be
given by several candidates. The general electronic given.
configuration of inner-transition element was not  Explain the general electronic
written correctly in many cases. configuration of block elements.

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G FS
MARKING
RKING SCHEME
Question
estion 7
(a)) (i) The oxidation state of S in SO2 is + 4
Which is an intermediate state and may increase or decrease. Hence, SO2 ca
can act both as
aan oxidizing and reducing agent.
mple of oxidizing agentÆ 3Fe+ SO2՜ 2FeO + FeS
Example F
Example of reducing agent Æ SO2 + I2 + 2H2O՜ H2SO4 + 2HI

(ii) Aqueous solution of K4[Fe(CN)

(CN)6] ionize
ionizes as
K4[Fe(CN)6] ֕4K+ + [Fe(CN)6]4-
Fe2+ ion iss not in free state,
state hence it does not give the test of Fe2+ ion.
(b) On moving from La3+ (At. No. 57) to Lu3+ (At. No. 71) the size of the atoms and ions decreases
regularly due to increase in nuclear change. This decrease in size is called Lanthanide
contraction.
The general electronic configuration of inner transitional elements is
ns2 (n-1) d0-1 (n- 2)f 1-14


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 SECTION C
Answer any two questions.
Question 8
(a) How can the following conversions be brought about:
(i) Acetaldehyde to acetaldehyde phenyl hydrazone. [1]
(ii) Benzoic acid to aniline. [1]
(iii) Methyl chloride to acetone. [2]
(iv) Benzene to benzene diazonium chloride. [1]
(b) (i) Glycerol (propane 1, 2, 3 triol) is more viscous than ethylene glycol (ethane 1, 2, [1]
diol). Explain.
(ii) How can urea be detected by Biuret test? [1]

(c) Identify the compounds A, B and C: [3]

ୌయ ୓ శ

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FS
୔େ୪ఱ ୏େ୒
୏ ேுయ
(i) Cଶ Hହ OH A B Cଶ Hହ COOH
ο
C
ୗ୓େ୪మ ୒ୌయ ୆୰మ Τ୏୓ୌ
(ii) C଺ Hହ COOH A B C

Comments of Examiners
(a)
a) Most of the candidates answered this part correctly.
Suggestions for teachers
hers
Some common errors made by them were:
 Stress upon writing ing complete and
(i) The product formed was correct but the equa equation
balanced
ced equations along wit with
given was not balanced.
properr conditions while giving tthe
(ii) The conversion of benzoic acid to aniline was
chemical
cal equations.
answered
wered correctly. However, some candid candidates
 Properties
ties of alcoh
alcohols should be
failed to write the
he conditions for the reaction.
taught
h iin much h more ddetail.
il
(iii)Many candidates could not complete the reaction
 Named organic reactions such as
after reaching up to acetic acid.
biuret test must be explained to the
(iv)Incomplete or incorrect equation was given by the
students.
candidates, temperature 0o – 5o was not mentioned.
 Give more practice to students in
(b) (i) The explanation given by a few candidates were not
identifying organic compounds.
correct. Some failed to mention that the extent of
 More practice should be given to
hydrogen bonding is more in glycerol, hence it is
solve such problems.
more viscous than ethylene glycol.
(ii) Some candidates did not mention heating of urea at
above 132oC to form biuret. Instead of violet
colour, some candidates wrote pink or blue colour.
(c)(i) Most of the candidates identified compounds A, B and C correctly, but some identified
compound C as CH3COONH4 instead of CH3CONH2
(ii) Compound ‘A’ was not identified correctly by some of the candidates.


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MARKING SCHEME
Question 8
(a) (i) CH3 C = O + H2 N H N.C6H5՜ CH3 — C = NHN C6H5 + H2O
Ň Ň
H H
(ii)
conc conc
୒ୟ୓ୌ/େୟ୓ ୌ୒୓య /ୌమ ୗ୓ర ୗ୬/ୌେ୪
C6H5COOH C6H6 C6H5NO2 C6H5NH2
ο

(iii) ୏େ୒ ୌ୓ୌ/ୌశ

CH3Cl CH3CN CH3COOH
େୟ(୓ୌ)మ ୢ୧ୱ୲୧୪.
(CH3COO)2Ca CH3COCH3
(iv) ୡ୭୬ୡ ୌ୒୓య /ୡ୭୬ୡ ୌమ ୗ୓ర ୗ୬/ୌେ୪
C6H6 C6H5NO2 ଺[ୌ]
ே௔ேை /ு஼௟
C6H5NH2 ଴೚ ିହమ ೚ ஼ C6H5N2Cl
(b) (i) Glycerol is more viscous than ethane 1, 2 diol because, in glycerol, there are three O
OH

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GFFS
S
groups as compared to two OH groups in ethane 1, 2 diol. Therefore, the extent of
hydrogen bonding is more, hence glycerol is more viscous.
visco
(ii) Biuret ttest:
2 moles of urea when heated above 132oC
ଵଷଶ೚ ஼
H2NCO
CO NH2 + H NH.CONH2௔௕௢௩௘ H2NCO NHCONH2 + H2O
Biure
Biuret
When alkaline solution of biuret
iuret is treated with copper sulphate solution, a violet colour is
i
produced.
(c)
c) (i) A = C2H5Cl
B = C2H5CN
C = C2H5CONH2
(ii) A = C6H5COCl
OCl
B = C6H5 CONH2
C = C6H5NH2

Question 9
(a) Give balanced equations for the following name reactions: [3]
(i) Benzoin condensation
(ii) Wurtz-Fittig reaction
(iii) Carbylamine reaction
(b) Give chemical test to distinguish: [3]
(i) Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde
(ii) Dimethyl ether and ethyl alcohol.


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(c) (i) Write the structure of three ethers with molecular formula C4H10O. [4]
(ii) Starting with Grignard’s reagent, how will you prepare propanoic acid?

Comments of Examiners
(a) (i) Many candidates wrote the structure of Benzoin Suggestions for teachers
incorrectly. Some failed to mention alcoholic  To distinguish between compounds
KCN. by chemical test, the experiment,
(ii) Some candidates missed the condition ‘dry ether’, condition and observation must be
while some gave the example of Fittig reaction. given. Students must be asked to
(iii) A number of candidates did not mention alcoholic write the positive test for one
KOH. Some gave incomplete equations - they did compound and negative test for the
not mention by-products. other.
(b) (i) Correct observations were not written in some  Insist that the students must learn
cases although the tests given were correct. the structural formula of organic
(ii) Some candidates wrote the positive test for ethyl compounds.
alcohol
ohol but did not write anything about dimethyl  Teach preparation of differen different

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F
ether. organic compounds by starting with
wit
(c) (i) Most of the candidates were able to write the Grignard’s reagent.
structure of at least two ethers. rs. However, a
number of candidates were not able to write the
structure of branched
ranched chain ether.
(ii) Instead of ‘propanoic acid’ many candidates wrote the preparation of ‘ethanoic acid’.
MARKING SCHEME
Question 9
(a)
a) (i) Benzoin condensatio
condensation:
O O OH O
ŒŒ ŇŒ
୏େ୒(ୟ୪ୡ)
C6H5C + H —C — C6H5 ο C6H5 — C — C — C6H5
Ň |
H H
Benzoin
(ii) Wurtz-Fittig reaction:
ௗ௥௬ ௘௧௛௘௥
C6H5Cl + 2Na + ClCH3 C6H5. CH3 + 2NaCl

(iii) Carbylamine reaction:

ο
RNH2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH(alc) R–N=
ሬሬԦC + 3KCl + 3H2O
(b) (i) Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde:
Acetaldehyde on reaction with iodine and alkali gives yellow precipitate of iodoform
which has a characteristic odour. Formaldehyde does not give this test.
(or any other suitable test.)
Dimethyl ether and ethyl alcohol:
Ethyl alcohol when reacts with iodine and alkali gives yellow precipitate of iodoform

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 which has characteristic odour. Diethyl ether does not give this test.
(or any other suitable test)
(c) (i) CH3 – O – CH2 – CH2 – CH3
CH3 CH2 – O – CH2 – CH3
CH3
Ň
CH3– O – CH– CH3
(ii) C2H5 C2H5 Br
Ň Ň 
ାୌ୓ୌ
C2H5MgBr + O = C = O՜ O = C — O MgBr O = C — OH + Mg
\
OH

Question
n 10

(a) An organic compound A has the molecular formula C7H6O. When A is treated with [3]
NaOH followed by acid hydrolysis,, it gives two products B and C. When B is oxidized
oxidized,
it gives A,
A when A and C are eachh treated separately
sepa with PCl5, they give two different
products D and E.
(i) Identify A, B, C, D and E.
(ii) Give the chemical reaction when A is treated with NaOH and name the reaction.
b)
(b) Answer the following: [4]
(i) What do you observe when glucose solution
solutio is heated with Tollen’s
ollen’s reagent?
(ii) Name the monomers and the type of polymerisation in each of the following
polymers:
(1) Terylene
(2) Polyvinyl chloride
(c) Give balanced equations for the following reactions: [3]
(i) Ethylamine with nitrous acid.
(ii) Diethyl ether with phosphorous pentachloride.
(iii) Aniline with acetyl chloride.


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Comments of Examiners
(a) (i) A number of candidates were able to identify
Suggestions for teachers
compounds A, B, C, D, & E correctly. Some
 Give more practice for questions in
candidates identified compound ‘C’ as
which identification of compounds
‘C6H5COONa’ instead of ‘C6H5COOH’. A few
is based on different chemical
candidates were not able to identify compound D
reactions.
correctly.
 Give more emphasis on named
(ii) The Cannizzaro’s reaction was given correctly by
reactions.
most of the candidates.
 Insist that the students read the
(b) (i) Most of the candidates wrote that silver mirror is
observations for different organic
formed. Some wrote that a white precipitate is
reactions. They should mention
formed.
colour or ppt. properly.
(ii) Many candidates were unable to write the correct
 Teach the polymers and their
monomers of Terylene. Some wrote incorrect
monomers in detail. The types of
polymerization.
polymerisation should also be
(c) (i) Incomplete equations was given by y some
explained in detai
detail.
ndidates. A few
candidates. f can s could not write
candidates
 Ask students to write balance
balanced

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C2H3OH as product.
equations with correct reactants and
an
(ii) A number of candidates wrote wrong products
products.
such as C2H5COC COCl or C2Cl5-O-C-C2Cl5 althou
although
correct aanswer was C2H5Cl and POCl3.
(iii) In some cases, wrong formula of the product was
written - instead
nstead of C6H5NHCOCH3, several candidates wrote C6H5NHCH3CO.

MARKING SCHEME
Question 10
(a)
a) (i) (A) = C6H5CHO
(B) = C6H5CH2OH
(C) = C6H5COOH
(D) = C6H5CHCl2
(E) = C6H5COCl
(ii) 2 C6H5CHO + NaOH՜ C6H5COONa + C6H5CH2OH
OR
Cannizzaro reaction


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(b) (i) CHO COONH4
Ň Ň
+ - ο
(CHOH)4 + 2[Ag(NH3)2] OH (CHOH)4 + 2Ag + 3NH3 + H2O
Ň 7ROOHQ¶VUHDJHQWŇ
CH2OH CH2OH
glucose Silver mirror

OR
CHO COOH
Ň Ň
ο
(CHOH)4 + Ag2O (CHOH)4 + 2Ag
Ň 7ROOHQ¶VUHDJHQWŇ
CH2OH CH2OH
glucose Silver mirror

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(ii) (1) Terylene:Ethylene glycol + terephthalic acid
Condensation polymerisation
(2) Polyvinyl chloride: Vinyl
inyl chloride
dition polymerisation
Addition
(c)
c) (i) C2H5NH2 + HONO՜ C2H5OH + N2 + H2O
(ii) C2H5 – O – C2H5 + PCl5՜2C
C2H5Cl + POC
POCl3
(iii) CH3CO Cl+H NHC6H5՜ CH3CONHC6H5 + HCl


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GENERAL COMMENTS:
(a) Topics found difficult by candidates:
 Numerical problems of relative molecular mass and mole, Van’t Hoff factor and its relation
with molecular weight, calculation of degree of dissociation
 Anisotropic nature of graphite, calculation of edge length (a) and radius (r) of unit cell
 Chemical equilibrium, Le Chatelier’s principle
 Electrolytic conductance, calculation of emf of the cell and cell representation, Nernst equation
 Ionic equilibria, calculation of pH value, solubility and solubility product
 Bronsted-Lowry’s concept for acid and base. Buffer action of basic buffer
 Preparation of inorganic compounds
 General electronic configuration of inner transition elements
 Conversion of organic compounds, balancing of equations and named organic reactions
 Chemical
al tests to disting
distinguish between
ween organic compounds

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oncepts between which candidates got confused:
(b) Concepts
 Van’t Hoff factor and molecular weight
 Anisotropic and isotropic
 Common ion effect and solubility product
 Total number of particles in bcc and fcc unit cell and their relationship
 Paramagnetic and diamagne
diamagnetic
 Edge length (a) and radius (r) of various types of cubic unit cell and their relationship
 Buffer action of acidic and basic buffer
 Concept of oxidation and reduction of SO2
 Gibb’s free energy and emf of cell in terms of spontaneity
s
 Types of polymerization
erization and polymer
(c) Suggestions for candidates:
Read questions carefully and understand what is required before attempting the question.
 Practice numerical problems regularly, solve the numerical stepwise with correct formula and
write the answer with correct unit.
 Learn complete and balanced equations along with the conditions, in inorganic and organic
compounds
 Avoid selective study.
 Practice writing the IUPAC names for coordination compounds as well as organic compounds.
 Learn both positive and negative chemical tests in organic reactions.
 Learn the shapes and hybridization of molecules with diagram.
 While solving numerical problems, proper steps should be followed, i.e. formula, substitution
and correct answer with units.


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