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Year 8 Science On Metals and Acid Including HW Tasks
Year 8 Science On Metals and Acid Including HW Tasks
6 3.6 Ceramics
7 3.7 Polymers
8 3.8 Composites
Developments:
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Learning homework for this topic: This will be on Show My Homework. Please ask you parents to sign that you have been learning it. A good way would be to make a poster.
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Key word Definition
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CWK How do metals react with acid? ………/……./………..
Key words
hydrogen lit splint squeaky pop test tube acid salt
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Reacting metals with acid
Setting the scene
When metals react with acids they form a salt and hydrogen. But not all metals react
readily with acid. You will use the signs of a reaction to identify which metals react
more readily, and which react least readily.
Aims
In this practical you will:
react four different metals with an acid to decide which react most vigorously
make observations of the reactions to decide how vigorously the reactions are
occurring.
You will be working scientifically to:
interpret your observations to decide which metal reacts most vigorously with acid
make and record observations
present observations using tables
use appropriate methods, paying attention to associated risks.
Safety
Wear eye protection throughout the practical and wash spills off skin immediately.
Magnesium is flammable. Keep away from naked flames.
Iron filings can be irritating to eyes. Do not rub your eyes. Clear up unused iron
immediately.
Lead is toxic. Wash your hands after handling.
Take care when handling test tubes as they can become hot and bubble during the
experiment.
Method
1 Put 2cm of acid into a test tube.
2 Place a small piece of magnesium ribbon into the acid.
4 Wait for a few minutes and draw what happens - draw how many bubbles you see.
5 Repeat the method using zinc, lead, and iron.
Metals Observations
Magnesium
Zinc
Iron
Lead
Questions
1 Tick the observations that suggested a reaction was occurring. Challenge
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2 List the four metals in order of increasing reactivity with the acid. Put 1 for the most
reactive, 2 for the second most reactive and so on. Extra challenge.
Magnesium ………………….
Lead ………………….
Iron ………………….
Zinc ………………….
3 How you can find out if you have produced hydrogen gas. Super challenge.
When an acid reacts with a metal a salt and water are formed.
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Summary questions
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Prove it tasks for 3.1
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B) The label on a bottle of kitchen cleaner says:
colour of universal
red orange green blue purple
indicator
..................................................................………. 1 mark
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1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
CWK How do metals with oxygen? …………/………/…………………..
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Lesson Developing Secure Extending
Key words
gas solid liquid magnesium zinc calcium calcium oxide magnesium oxide
B.
Meta l i) …………………………………………………
demonstration
How do metals react with oxygen?
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Setting the scene
Some metals react more easily with oxygen than others. You can usually tell which
metals react more easily by watching them burn.
Aims
In this practical you will:
Watch your teacher react metals with oxygen by burning them in air
record your observations to decide which metal reacts most easily with oxygen.
make and record experimental observations
interpret your observations to decide which metal reacts most vigorously
present explanations of your conclusions.
Safety - Wear eye protection throughout the practical demonstration
Magnesium is highly flammable. Do not look directly at burning magnesium.
Iron filings can be irritating to eyes.
Calcium is highly flammable. Do not look directly at burning calcium.
Your teacher may ask you to sit behind a safety screen for parts of the
demonstration.
Metal
Observations Equation to represent the reaction
reacting
Iron + oxygen iron oxide
Prove it task 2
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Choose from the following list of chemical formulae to help you complete the word
equations [super challenge] and symbol equations [Super challenge +] :
Questions
1 List the metals in order of how well they reacted with oxygen. Start with the most reactive
metal.
Most reactive ………………………………………
……………………………………..
……………………………………..
Least reactive ……………………………………..
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2 Explain how your observations helped you to put the metals into the order in
Question 1.
Extension
1 Explain what reactive means.
reactive than .
3 Lithium reacts explosively with oxygen in a Bunsen burner flame. Use this
information and your observations above to predict the reactivity of lithium
compared to the metals you have observed in this practical. Explain your answer.
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Summary /Prove it Tasks
Some metals burn vigorously in air, for example ……………………………. The products are
Metal ………………………………. Some metals form an oxide layer on their surface when heated,
…………………………… + …………………………………..
……………………………………………
Extra Challenge
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Creative Challenge
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CWK How do metals with water? …………/………/…………………..
I can state the products I can compare the I can link a metal’s
of the reaction between reactions of metals with reaction with its place in
C2 3.3 metals and water. water. the reactivity series.
Metals and I can state whether a
water I can use the reactivity I can explain predictions
metal is more or less
series to predict made about a metal’s
reactive than another
reactions. reactivity.
metal.
Key words
water hydrogen calcium hydroxide solid liquid gas (s) (l) (g) (aq) steam
…………………………………….. and
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Liquid
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Dissolved in water
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C Name two metals that react
with steam but not cold water:
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..
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Aims - react four different metals with water to decide which react most
vigorously
make observations of the reactions to decide how vigorously the reactions are
occurring.
Safety
Wear eye protection throughout the practical and wash spills off skin immediately.
Take care when handling test tubes as they can become hot and bubble during the
experiment.
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Mg Magnesium Zn Zinc Fe Iron Pb Lead
Metals Observations
Magnesium
Zinc
Iron
Lead
Questions/Prove-it tasks
1. Describe what you might see if a reaction has happened. Challenge
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2. a) List the four metals in order of increasing reactivity with the water. Put 1 for the most
reactive, 2 for the second most reactive and so on. Extra challenge.
Magnesium ………………….
Lead ………………….
Iron ………………….
Zinc ………………….
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b) Explain how you decided the order they should be in.
E.g. I chose magnesium as …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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3. How you can find out if you have produced hydrogen gas. Super challenge.
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4. Explain what could you do to stop a metal reacting with water? Super challenge +.
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CWK What is a displacement reaction? …………/………/…………………..
Key words
more less reactive metal solution compound oxide aluminium iron
A. A displacement reaction is
…………………………………………………………
In a displacement reaction a
……………….
……………….
………………………………….. from
……………………….. oxide.
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Will a displacement reaction occur?
Setting the scene
The reactivity series lists metals in order of how reactive they are. More reactive metals are
able to displace less reactive metals from their compounds. This is a displacement reaction.
Safety
Wear chemical splash-proof eye protection throughout the practical activity.
If any chemicals get onto your skin, wash these off immediately and inform
your teacher.
Magnesium is flammable. Keep it away from naked flames.
Lead foil is toxic and is hazardous to the environment. Dispose of it as directed by your
teacher.
Zinc nitrate is harmful and oxidising. Keep this away from sources of heat and wash any
spills off your skin immediately.
Magnesium nitrate is oxidising.
Copper nitrate is harmful.
Lead nitrate solution is toxic.
Hypothesis
Which of the following statements describes what happens if a displacement reaction
takes place?
a A less reactive metal will displace a more reactive metal from its compound.
b A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its compound.
Method
1 Place a small piece of your first metal into four separate test tubes.
2 Add 1 cm3 of magnesium nitrate solution to one of the test tubes using a dropping pipette.
Record your observations.
3 Repeat Step 2 using zinc nitrate, copper nitrate, and lead nitrate, using a clean test
tube containing a fresh piece of metal and a clean pipette each time.
4 Now repeat Steps 1–3 for zinc, copper, and lead.
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5 Fill in the table below to show whether a displacement reaction happened for each metal–
metal compound combination.
Use ticks to show pairs that had a displacement reaction and crosses to show those that
did not react.
magnesium
nitrate
x
zinc nitrate
x
copper nitrate
x
lead nitrate
x
6 Explain why it is not necessary to react a metal with a solution of its own compounds. For
example, why is it not necessary to react copper with copper nitrate?
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7 Write a word equation for each of the displacement reactions you observed occurring.
Example:
Magnesium + zinc nitrate magnesium nitrate + zinc
Extension
1 Explain, using particle diagrams, what happens during a displacement reaction.
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2 Write a balanced formula equation for each displacement reaction you have
identified in Question 4 above. Include state symbols in your equation.
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Summary questions/Prove it tasks
a) React yes/no.
Because …………………………………………………………
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b) React yes/no.
Because …………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………….
c) React yes/no.
Because …………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………….
a) React yes/no.
Because …………………………………………………………
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CWK How are metals extracted from their ores ? …………/………/…………………..
I can state where carbon I can use the reactivity I can explain why metals
is found in the reactivity series to decide which can be extracted using
series. metals can be extracted carbon, using the idea of
C2 3.5 from their ores by displacement.
Extracting heating with carbon.
metals I can convert amounts of
I can calculate the I can calculate the
metals within ores from
percentage of waste amounts of metals in
masses to percentages,
material in a metal ore. ores.
or vice versa.
Key words
rock metal separate oxide ore chemical charcoal carbon dioxide
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2. ……………………………………………………………
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How were metals extracted in the past?
Setting the scene
Many metals can be extracted from their ores. Ores are compounds that contain metals
combined with other elements. Metals such as iron have been used for many
thousands of years but how did people first get to this metal?
Aims
In this activity you will:
Task
In Europe, around 900 BC, iron could be extracted using the following method. Read
the method and then answer the questions below.
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Questions
1 Write the name that would be given to the rocks described in Step 1 of the method.
3 Write a word equation to represent the reaction that is happening in the above
method. Assume the iron ore is iron oxide only.
4 Use your knowledge of the reactivity series to explain why the above method could
be used to extract iron but not aluminium.
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Extension
1 Write a formula equation to represent the extraction of iron described above.
Assume the formula for iron oxide is FeO. Include state symbols in your equation.
2 Suggest why iron artefacts, such as jewellery, appeared much later in history than those made
from gold but much earlier than those made from aluminium.
Hint: you may use the reactivity series to help you.
3 Sadie has 10 g of brucite and 50 g of dolomite, which are both magnesium ores.
If brucite contains 41 % magnesium by mass and dolomite contains 13 % magnesium
by mass, which sample will give Sadie more pure magnesium? Show your working.
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CWK What are ceramics and why are they useful? …………/………/…………………..
Key words
compound metal nitrides pottery oxides bricks hard brittle stiff solid strong insulators
A. A ceramic material is a
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2. …………………………………………………………..
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3. …………………………………………………………..
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4. …………………………………………………………..
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C. List three uses of ceramics
1. …………………………………………………………..
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2. …………………………………………………………..
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3. …………………………………………………………..
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Comparing ceramic strength
1 Which three ceramics will you test?
1
List of apparatus available: eye protection, clamp stand, masses of various sizes
ceramic samples, for example, dinner plates, roof tiles
What method will you use?
How can you use the apparatus above to design an experiment that will test the strength of
different ceramics?
Hint: could you hang masses from the ceramics, or pile them on top of the ceramics?
Write a step-by-step set of instructions in the space below.
Make sure you are only changing the type of ceramic being tested each time you do the
investigation.
1
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4 How will you stay safe during your practical?
Fill in the risk assessment table below. Include other ideas you may have in the table.
broken ceramic
clamp stands
toppling
Results
Complete the results table below. The final column has been left blank for you to write
down the results of what you will be measuring.
Ceramic Description
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Questions
1 Give the name of the independent variable in your investigation.
Extension
1 Investigations should be valid. This means that they should measure, or find out about, what
they were meant to. Explain how your investigation is valid in measuring the strength of the
ceramic material.
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Prove it:
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CWK What are polymers and why are they useful? …………/………/…………………..
I can state the definition I can describe polymer I can explain properties
of a polymer. properties. of different polymers.
C2 3.7 I can explain how
Polymers I can state some uses of polymer properties I can compare properties
polymers. make them suitable for of different polymers.
their uses.
Key words
molecules identical atoms groups wool jumpers cotton rubber polythene
A. A polymer is a substance
with very long
……………………………….
A polymer has
…………………………
Groups of ……………………………
B. Give an example of a
polymer and one of it uses.
Polymer ……………………………………
Use ………………………………………….
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c. Describe why low-density poly(ethane)
makes good carrier bags.
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.
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.
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Choose a Q
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Choosing suitable polymers
Setting the scene
Polymers are very long molecules made of identical repeating groups of atoms.
Different polymers contain different groups of atoms. The different groups give
polymers very different properties. This means polymers can be designed to have
properties that make them good for particular uses.
Aims
In this activity you will:
3 look at some information about different polymers
4 use this information to decide which jobs they can be used for.
Task
Look through the table below about six different polymers. Use this information to fill in the grid
underneath, deciding which polymer is the most suitable for the different uses, and explaining
your answer.
What
Does it Cost to
Does it happens
absorb make (£ Does it
Polymer Strength conduct when the
water/ per square decay?
electricity? polymer is
moisture? metre)
heated?
yes, after
C strong no no it shrinks 0.05
1 year
yes, after
E weak no no nothing 0.02
6 months
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Use Suitable polymer Reason for choice
buoy
(floating marker in
the sea)
computer circuit
components
carrier bag
cling film
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Questions
1 Describe the differences between a synthetic and a natural polymer.
Extension
Molecules that join to form polymers are produced from crude oil. Using this
information and your knowledge of fossil fuels, state three advantages and
three disadvantages of using polymers. Explain your answer.
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CWK What are composites and why are they useful? …………/………/…………………..
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Lesson Developing Secure Extending
A. A composite material is a
………………………………………………… of different
materials. Each material has different
…………………………………………………….
An example of a composite material is
……………………………………………………..
B. Two material in carbon-fibre-reinforced
and ……………………………………………………………….
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C. Name two material in glass-fibre-
reinforced aluminium.
1. …………………………………………………..
2. ……………………………………………………
Summary/Prove it
Underline the correct word and cross out
the incorrect word (use pencil first).
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Concrete properties
Setting the scene
Nisha has been finding out about the strength of concrete. Depending on how it is made, its
strength can vary, which means it can be used for lots of different purposes. She made concrete
by mixing 100 g of cement with water and a mixture called aggregate. She used different
amounts of aggregate each time and then tested the strength of the concrete.
Aims
In this activity you will:
8 use Nisha’s results to discover what she has found out about the strength of
concrete.
Task
Plot a suitable graph of Nisha’s results shown in the table and answer the questions below.
Questions
1 Describe the pattern shown in the strength of concrete in Nisha’s results.
Use the data to explain your answer.
As more aggregate material is added to cement mix
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2 Reinforced concrete consists of steel bars with concrete around them. Using your knowledge of
composites, explain why reinforced concrete is preferable to normal concrete in the
construction of a new building.
Extension
1 Use your graph to suggest the strength of a concrete mixture that is made using 1200 g of
aggregate material. Show your working.
2 Identify whether cement or aggregate material is responsible for the strength of concrete using
your graph. Explain your answer.
3 Aggregate material can contain different amounts of sand and coarse or fine materials.
Different manufacturers will sell different compositions of aggregate material. This means they
may contain different amounts of sand or gravel, for example. Suggest a further investigation
Nisha may wish to carry out into the strength of concrete.
You must identify the independent, dependent, and at least two control variables.
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Glossary
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