

Study Material
Downloaded from Vedantu

FREE LIVE ONLINE

MASTER CLASSES
FREE Webinars by Expert Teachers

About Vedantu
Vedantu is India’s largest LIVE online teaching platform
with best teachers from across the country.

Vedantu offers Live Interactive Classes for JEE, NEET, KVPY,

NTSE, Olympiads, CBSE, ICSE, IGCSE, IB & State Boards for
Students Studying in 6-12th Grades and Droppers. Register for FREE

Awesome Master Teachers

Anand Prakash Pulkit Jain Vamsi Krishna
B.Tech, IIT Roorkee B.Tech, IIT Roorkee B.Tech, IIT Bombay
Co-Founder, Vedantu Co-Founder, Vedantu Co-Founder, Vedantu

My mentor is approachable and guides me My son loves the sessions and I can
in my future aspirations as well. already see the change.

Student - Ayushi Parent - Sreelatha

10,04,600+ 9,49,900+ 95% 95% Students of Regular

Hours of LIVE Learning Happy Students  Top Results

Tuitions on Vedantu scored
above 90% in exams!

FREE MASTER CLASS SERIES

 For Grades 6-12th targeting JEE, CBSE, ICSE & much more Register for FREE
 Free 60 Minutes Live Interactive classes everyday
 Learn from the Master Teachers - India’s best Limited Seats!
 Download
Vedantu's App & Get
All Study Material LIVE
with Solution Doubt Solving

Daily FREE Tests and

LIVE Classes Reports

DOWNLOAD THE APP

 SOLUTIONS TO CONCEPTS
CHAPTER 11

1. Gravitational force of attraction,

GMm
F=
r2
6.67  10 11  10  10 –7
= = 6.67 × 10 N
(0.1)2
2. To calculate the gravitational force on ‘m’ at unline due to other mouse.
G  m  4m 8Gm2 A E
FOD = = m
B
2m
(a / r 2 )2 a2
G  m  2m 6Gm2
FOI = =
(a / r 2 )2 a2 m
3m
G  m  2m 4Gm2 4m
F C
FOB = 2 2
= D
(a / r ) a2
Gmm 2Gm2
FOA = 2 2
=
(a / r ) a2
2 2
 Gm2   Gm2  Gm2
Resultant FOF = 64 2   36 2  = 10
 a   a  a2
   

2 2
 Gm2   Gm 2  Gm 2
Resultant FOE = 64 2   4 2  = 2 5
 a   a  a2
The net resultant force will be,
2 2
 Gm2   Gm 2   Gm2 
F= 100 2   20 2   2 2   20 5
 a   a   a 
     
2 2

=
 Gm2 

 a2 

 120  40 5 =   Gm2 

 a2 
 (120  89.6)
   
Gm2 Gm 2
= 2
40.4 = 4 2 2
a a
3. a) if ‘m’ is placed at mid point of a side
4Gm2
then FOA = in OA direction A m
a2
4Gm 2 m
FOB = in OB direction
a2 O
Since equal & opposite cancel each other B C
2 2 m m
Gm 4Gm
Foc = = in OC direction
r / 2a
3 2
3a 2
A m
4Gm 2
Net gravitational force on m =
a2
b) If placed at O (centroid)
m
Gm 2 3Gm2 O
the FOA = = B C
(a / r3 ) a2 m m
11.1
 Study Materials
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
Revision Notes for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 6 to 12 Mathematics
RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 6, 7 & 10 Mathematics
Important Questions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9, 10 & 12 (Math &
Science)
Important Formula for Class 6 to 12 Math
CBSE Syllabus for Class 6 to 12
Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 9 & 10
Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 12 Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 10 Previous Year Question Paper
JEE Main & Advanced Question Paper
NEET Previous Year Question Paper

Vedantu Innovations Pvt. Ltd.

Score high with a personal teacher, Learn LIVE Online!
www.vedantu.com
 Chapter 11

3Gm2
FOB =
a2
2 2
  3Gm 2   2  2
Resultant F = 2   2 3Gm   1 = 3Gm
2   2  2
 a   a  2 a

3Gm2
Since FOC = , equal & opposite to F, cancel
a2
Net gravitational force = 0
Gm2 Gm2
4. FCB = cos 60 î  sin 60 ĵ
4a 2 4a 2 M
A B
2 2
Gm Gm
FCA = cos 60 î  sin 60 ĵ
 4a 2 4a 2
 C
F = FCB + FCA
 2Gm 2  2Gm2 r3 r3Gm 2
= sin 60 ĵ = =
4a 2 4a 2 2 4a 2
5. Force on M at C due to gravitational attraction.
Gm2
FCB = ĵ
2R 2 A B
2
 GM
FCD = î R
4R 2
D C
 GM2 GM2
FCA = cos 45 ĵ  sin 45 ĵ
4R 2 4R 2
So, resultant force on C,
 FC = FCA + FCB + FCD
GM2  1  GM2  1 
=   2   î   2   ĵ
4R 2  2 4R 2  2

FC =
GM2
4R 2
2 2 1  
 mv 2
For moving along the circle, F =
R

or
GM2
4R 2
2 2 
 1 =
MV 2
R

or V =
GM  2 2  1 
R  4 

GM 6.67  10 11  7.4  10 22 49.358  1011

6. = =
R  h 2 2
(1740  1000 )  10 6
2740  2740  10 6
49.358  1011 –2 2
= = 65.8 × 10 = 0.65 m/s
0.75  1013
7. The linear momentum of 2 bodies is 0 initially. Since gravitational force is internal, final momentum is
also zero.
So (10 kg)v1 = (20 kg) v2
Or v1 = v2 …(1)
Since P.E. is conserved
 6.67  10 11  10  20 –9
Initial P.E. = = –13.34×10 J
1
When separation is 0.5 m,

11.2
 Chapter 11

–9  13.34  10 9 2 2
–13.34 × 10 +0= + (1/2) × 10 v1 + (1/2) × 20 v2 …(2)
(1/ 2)
–9 –9 2 2
 – 13.34 × 10 = -26.68 ×10 + 5 v1 + 10 v2
–9 –9 2
 – 13.34 × 10 = -26.68 ×10 + 30 v2
2 13.34  10 9 –10
 v2 = = 4.44 × 10
30
–5
 v2 = 2.1 × 10 m/s.
–5
So, v1 = 4.2 × 10 m/s.
8. In the semicircle, we can consider, a small element of d then R d = (M/L) R d = dM.
GMRdm
F= M
LR 2 

2GMm
dF3 = 2 dF since = sin  d
LR d d
/2
2GMm 2GMm R
F =  sin d   cos 0 / 2  L
LR LR m
0

GMm 2GMm 2GMm 2GMm

 = –2 ( 1) = = =
LR LR L L / A L2
9. A small section of rod is considered at ‘x’ distance mass of the element = (M/L). dx = dm
G(dm)  1
dE1 =

d2  x 2
= dE2

Resultant dE = 2 dE1 sin  
G(dm) d 2  GM  d dx dE2 dE1
=2× 2

d  x2

2
d x 2
=
   
L d  x 2  d2  x 2 
2
   d
 
Total gravitational field a
M 
L/2
2Gmd dx
E=  Ld
0
2
 x2 
3/2
x
O
x
dx

Integrating the above equation it can be found that,

2GM
E= 
d L2  4d2
10. The gravitational force on ‘m’ due to the shell of M2 is 0.
R  R2
M is at a distance 1 R2 m2
2 M1
R1
Then the gravitational force due to M is given by
GM1m 4GM1m m
= =
(R1  R 2 / 2 (R1  R 2 )2
3
11. Man of earth M = (4/3) R 
Man of the imaginary sphere, having
3
Radius = x, M = (4/3)x 
M x3
or = 3
M R m

GMm
 Gravitational force on F = x
m2
GMx 3m GMmx
or F = 3 2
= 
R x R3

11.3
 Chapter 11
12. Let d be the distance from centre of earth to man ‘m’ then
 R2 
D= x 2    = (1/2)
 4x 2  R2 m
x
 4 
R/2
d
M be the mass of the earth, M the mass of the sphere of radius d/2.
3 O
Then M = (4/3) R 
3
M = (4/3)d 
M d3
or = 3
M R
 Gravitational force is m,
n
Gmm Gd3Mm GMmd 
F= 2
= = d F
d R 3 d2 R3 x 
R/2
So, Normal force exerted by the wall = F cos.
GMmd R GMm
=  = (therefore I think normal force does not depend on x)
R3 2d 2R 2
13. a) m is placed at a distance x from ‘O’.
If r < x , 2r, Let’s consider a thin shell of man
R M
m 4 3 mx 3
dm =  x =
( 4 / 3)r 2 3 r3
mx 3
Thus  dm =
r3
m
r
O
G md m Gmx 3 / r 3 Gmx
Then gravitational force F = 2
= 2
= 
x x r3
b) 2r < x < 2R, then F is due to only the sphere.
Gmm
F=
x  r 2
c) if x > 2R, then Gravitational force is due to both sphere & shell, then due to shell,
GMm
F=
x  R 2
Gmm
due to the sphere =
x  r 2
Gm m GMm
So, Resultant force = +
x  r 2 x  R 2
GM GM
14. At P1, Gravitational field due to sphere M = =
3a  a 
2
16a 2 a
At P2, Gravitational field is due to sphere & shell, 49
GM  1 1  P1 a
GM GM  61  GM
= 2
+ 2
= 2    =   2
(a  4a  a) ( 4a  a ) a  36 25   900  a P2 a

15. We know in the thin spherical shell of uniform density has gravitational field at its internal point is zero.
At A and B point, field is equal and opposite and cancel each other so Net field is
A
zero. A

Hence, EA = EB B

16. Let 0.1 kg man is x m from 2kg mass and (2 – x) m from 4 kg mass. B

2  0 .1 4  0 .1
 =–
x 2
( 2  x )2

11.4
 Chapter 11

0.2 0 .4
or =–
x 2
( 2  x )2
1 2 2 2
or = or (2 – x) = 2 x
x2 ( 2  x )2
or 2 – x = 2 x or x(r2 + 1) = 2
2
or x = = 0.83 m from 2kg mass.
2.414
m
17. Initially, the ride of  is a
To increase it to 2a, a a
2 2 2
Gm Gm 3Gm
work done =  = m
2a a 2a m a 100g
18. Work done against gravitational force to take away the particle from sphere,
10cm
G  10  0.1 6.67  10 11  1 –10
= = = 6.67 × 10 J
0.1 0.1 1 10 1

19. E = (5 N/kg) î + (12 N/kg) ĵ
  10kg
a) F = E m
= 2kg [(5 N/kg) î + (12 N/kg) ĵ ] = (10 N) î + (12 N) ĵ

F = 100  576 = 26 N
 
b) V = E r
 
At (12 m, 0), V = – (60 J/kg) î V = 60 J
 
At (0, 5 m), V = – (60 J/kg) ĵ V = – 60 J
(1,2,5 )

 E mdr =  (10N)î  (24N) ĵ r 

  (12,5 )
c)  V = ( 0,0 )
( 0,0 )

= – (120 J î + 120 J î ) = 240 J

 
0,5m 
d)  v = – r(10N î  24N ĵ ) 12m,0 

= –120 ĵ + 120 î = 0
20. a) V = (20 N/kg) (x + y)
GM MLT 2 M1L3 T 2M1 ML2 T 2
= L or =
R M L M
0 2 –2 0 2 –2
Or M L T = M L T
 L.H.S = R.H.S

b) E( x, y ) = – 20(N/kg) î – 20(N/kg) ĵ
 
c) F = E m
= 0.5kg [– (20 N/kg) î – (20 N/kg) ĵ = – 10N î - 10 N ĵ

 | F | = 100  100 = 10 2 N

21. E = 2 î + 3 ĵ
The field is represented as
tan 1 = 3/2
5/3 3j
Again the line 3y + 2x = 5 can be represented as 2

tan 2 = – 2/3 5/2 2j
m1 m2 = –1
Since, the direction of field and the displacement are perpendicular, is done by the particle on the line.
11.5
 Chapter 11
22. Let the height be h
GM GM
(1/2) 2 =
R (R  h)2
2 2
Or 2R = (R + h)
Or 2 R = R + h
Or h = (r2 – 1)R
23. Let g be the acceleration due to gravity on mount everest.
 2h 
g = g1  
 R
 17696  2
=9.8 1   = 9.8 (1 – 0.00276) = 9.773 m/s
 6400000 
24. Let g be the acceleration due to gravity in mine.
 d
Then g= g 1  
 R
 640  2
= 9.8 1  3
 = 9.8 × 0.9999 = 9.799 m/s
 6400  10 
25. Let g be the acceleration due to gravity at equation & that of pole = g
2
g= g –  R
–5 2 3
= 9.81 – (7.3 × 10 ) × 6400 × 10
= 9.81 – 0.034
2
= 9.776 m/s
2
mg = 1 kg × 9.776 m/s
= 9.776 N or 0.997 kg
The body will weigh 0.997 kg at equator.
2
26. At equator, g = g –  R …(1)
Let at ‘h’ height above the south pole, the acceleration due to gravity is same.
 2h 
Then, here g = g 1   …(2)
 R
2  2h 
 g -  R = g 1  
 R
2R 2h
or 1  = 1
g R

or h =
2R 2
=
  
2
7.3  10  5  6400  10 3 
2
= 11125 N = 10Km (approximately) 
2g 2  9.81
27. The apparent ‘g’ at equator becomes zero.
2
i.e. g = g –  R = 0
2
or g =  R
g 9 .8
1.5  10 6 = 1.2 × 10
–3
or  = = = rad/s.
R 6400  10 3
2 2  3.14 –6
T= = = 1.5 × 10 sec. = 1.41 hour
 1.2  10  3
28. a) Speed of the ship due to rotation of earth v = R
2
b) T0 = mgr = mg – m R
2 To
 T0 – mg = m R
c) If the ship shifts at speed ‘v’ A A
2
T = mg – m R

11.6
 Chapter 11

 v  R 2 
= T0 -  R
 R2 
 
 v 2  2R 2  2Rv 
= T0 –   m
 R 
 
 T = T0 + 2v m
29. According to Kepler’s laws of planetary motion,
2 3
T R
2 3
Tm R ms
 
Te 2 R es 3
3 2
 Rms   1.88 
     
 R es   1 
R ms 2/3
 = (1.88) = 1.52
R es

r3
30. T = 2
GM

27.3 = 2 × 3.14
3.84  10  5 3

6.67  10 11  M

or 2.73 × 2.73 =

2  3.14  3.84  10 5 
3

6.67  10 11  M
2  (3.14 )2  (3.84)3  1015 24
or M = 11 2
= 6.02 × 10 kg
3.335  10 (27.3 )
 mass of earth is found to be 6.02 × 1024 kg.
r3
31. T = 2
GM

 27540 = 2 × 3.14
9.4  10 3
 103  3

11
6.67  10  M

or (27540) = (6.28)
2 2 9.4  10  6 2

6.67  10 11  M
(6.28)2  (9.4 )3  1018 23
or M = 11 2
= 6.5 × 10 kg.
6.67  10  (27540 )
GM gr 2
32. a) V = =
r h r h
9.8  ( 6400  10 3 )2 3
= 6
= 6.9 × 10 m/s = 6.9 km/s
10  (6.4  2)
2
b) K.E. = (1/2) mv
6 10
= (1/2) 1000 × (47.6 × 10 ) = 2.38 × 10 J
GMm
c) P.E. =
 (R  h)
6.67  10 11  6  10 24  10 3 40  1013 10
=– = – = – 4.76 × 10 J
(6400  2000 )  10 3 8400
2(r  h) 2  3.14  8400  10 3 2
d) T = = 3
= 76.6 × 10 sec = 2.1 hour
V 6.9  10

11.7
 Chapter 11
33. Angular speed f earth & the satellite will be same
2 2
=
Te Ts

1 1 (R  h)3
or = or 12 I 3600 = 3.14
24  3600 (R  h)3 gR 2
2
gR 2

(R  h)2 (12  3600 )2 (6400  h)3  109 (12  3600 )2

or = or =
gR 2 (3.14 )2 9.8  (6400 )2  10 6 (3.14 )2
(6400  h)3  10 9 4
or 9
= 432 × 10
6272  10
3 4
or (6400 + h) = 6272 × 432 × 10
4 1/3
or 6400 + h = (6272 × 432 × 10 )
4 1/3
or h = (6272 × 432 × 10 ) – 6400
= 42300 cm.
b) Time taken from north pole to equator = (1/2) t
( 43200  6400)3 ( 497 )3  10 6
= (1/2) × 6.28 2 6
= 3.14
10  (6400 )  10 (64)2  1011
497  497  497
= 3.14 = 6 hour.
64  64  10 5
34. For geo stationary satellite,
4
r = 4.2 × 10 km
h = 3.6 × 104 km
Given mg = 10 N
 R2 
mgh = mg  
 R  h2 
 

= 10 

6400  103
2
 
 =
4096
= 0.23 N
 
 6400  10 3  3600  10 3 
2


17980

R 23
35. T = 2
gR12
3
R2
Or T = 4
2
2
gR1
3
42 R 2
Or g =
T 2 R12
3
42 R 2
 Acceleration due to gravity of the planet is =
T 2 R12 A
Colatitude
36. The colattitude is given by . 
OAB = 90° – ABO
Again OBC =  = OAB
6400 8 O
 sin  = =
42000 53 
B
–1  8  –1 C
 = sin   = sin 0.15. 
 53 

11.8
 Chapter 11
37. The particle attain maximum height = 6400 km.
On earth’s surface, its P.E. & K.E.
  GMm 
Ee = (1/2) mv2 +   …(1)
 R 
In space, its P.E. & K.E.
 GMm 
Es =   +0
 Rh 
 GMm 
Es =    …(2) ( h = R)
 2R 
Equating (1) & (2)
GMm 1 GMm
  mv 2 = 
R 2 2R
2  1 1
Or (1/2) mv = GMm    
 2R R 
2 GM
Or v =
R
6.67  10 11  6  10 24
=
6400  10 3
40.02  1013
=
6.4  10 6
7 8
= 6.2 × 10 = 0.62 × 10
4
Or v = 0.62  10 8 = 0.79 × 10 m/s = 7.9 km/s.
38. Initial velocity of the particle = 15km/s
Let its speed be ‘v’ at interstellar space.
 GMm

3 2 2
(1/2) m[(15 × 10 ) – v ] = dx
R x2

3 2 2  1
 (1/2) m[(15 × 10 ) – v ] = GMm  
 x R
6 2 GMm
 (1/2) m[(225 × 10 ) – v ] =
R
6 2  6.67  10 11  6  10 24
2
 225 × 10 – v =
6400  10 3
2 6 40.02 8
 v = 225 × 10 – × 10
32
2 6 8 8
 v = 225 × 10 – 1.2 × 10 = 10 (1.05)
4
Or v = 1.01 × 10 m/s or
= 10 km/s
24
39. The man of the sphere = 6 × 10 kg.
8
Escape velocity = 3 × 10 m/s
2GM
Vc =
R
2GM
Or R =
Vc 2
2  6.67  10 11  6  10 24 80.02 –3 –3
= = × 10 = 8.89× 10 m  9 mm.
3  10 
8 2 9



11.9
 Thank You
for downloading the PDF

FREE LIVE ONLINE

MASTER CLASSES
FREE Webinars by Expert Teachers

FREE MASTER CLASS SERIES

 For Grades 6-12th targeting JEE, CBSE, ICSE & much more Register for FREE
 Free 60 Minutes Live Interactive classes everyday
 Learn from the Master Teachers - India’s best Limited Seats!