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  • True Cognates: Spanish Cognate Rule 1

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    Edwin Alvarado
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    The document outlines 15 rules for identifying Spanish-English cognates. The rules describe sound changes between Spanish words ending in certain suffixes (like -oso, -al, -cto) and their English cognate counterparts (changing to -ous, being the same, -ct). Examples are provided for each rule illustrating adjective, noun, and other part-of-speech cognates. The rules provide guidance on recognizing cognates despite spelling or sound changes between related words in Spanish and English.

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    Cognates Rules

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    Cognates Rules

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    The document outlines 15 rules for identifying Spanish-English cognates. The rules describe sound changes between Spanish words ending in certain suffixes (like -oso, -al, -cto) and their English cognate counterparts (changing to -ous, being the same, -ct). Examples are provided for each rule illustrating adjective, noun, and other part-of-speech cognates. The rules provide guidance on recognizing cognates despite spelling or sound changes between related words in Spanish and English.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    371 views4 pages

    True Cognates: Spanish Cognate Rule 1

    Uploaded by

    Edwin Alvarado
    The document outlines 15 rules for identifying Spanish-English cognates. The rules describe sound changes between Spanish words ending in certain suffixes (like -oso, -al, -cto) and their English cognate counterparts (changing to -ous, being the same, -ct). Examples are provided for each rule illustrating adjective, noun, and other part-of-speech cognates. The rules provide guidance on recognizing cognates despite spelling or sound changes between related words in Spanish and English.

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    of 4

    True Cognates

    Words from two languages that are the same or similar in two languages. As English borrows many words from Latin there are many Spanish-English
    cognates

    Spanish Cognate Rule 1


    Words that end in oso/a in Spanish change to – –ous in English
    Examples:

    Spanish English
    Curioso/a Curious
    Delicioso/a Delicious
    Glorioso/a Glorious
    Misterioso/a Mysterious
    Numeroso/a Numerous

    Algunas excepciones: peligroso (dangerous), lujoso (luxurious).


    These words are ADJECTIVES

    Spanish Cognate Rule 2


    Words that end in –al in Spanish are usually the same in English
    Examples:
    Spanish English
    Hospital* Hospital*
    Local Local
    Animal Animal
    Casual Casual
    Digital Digital

    These words are mostly ADJECTIVES, just a few are NOUNS*

    Spanish Cognate Rule 3


    Words that end in –cto/a in Spanish change to –ct in English
    Examples:
    Spanish English
    Producto Prodct
    Exacto/a Exact
    Correcto/a Correct
    Insecto Insect
    Conflicto Conflict

    Some of these words are NOUNS and others are ADJECTIVES

    Spanish Cognate Rule 4


    Words that end in –ancia in Spanish change to –ance in English
    Examples:
    Spanish English
    Ambulancia Ambulance
    Francia France
    Distancia Distance
    Substancia Substance
    Tolerancia Tolerance

    These words are NOUNS


    Spanish Cognate Rule 5
    Words that end in –ico/a change to –ic in English
    Examples:
    Spanish English
    Alcohólico Alcoholic
    Básico Basic
    Fantástico Fantastic
    Genérico Generic
    Médico Medic

    These words are ADJECTIVES

    Spanish Cognate Rule 6


    Words that end in –ar are usually the same in English
    Examples:
    Spanish English
    Familiar Familiar
    Lunar Lunar
    Muscular Muscular
    Regular Regular
    Solar Solar

    These words are ADJECTIVES

    Spanish Cognate Rule 7


    Words that end in –ario/a in Spanish change to –ary in English
    Examples:
    Spanish English
    Canario Canary
    Diario Diary
    Glosario Glossary
    Estuario Estuary
    Primario Primary

    Some of these words are NOUNS and others are ADJECTIVES

    Spanish Cognate Rule 8


    Words that end in –ante in Spanish change to –ant in English
    Examples:
    Spanish English
    Abundante Abundant
    Distante Distant
    Elegante Elegant
    Importante Important
    Mutante Mutant

    These words are ADJECTIVES


    Spanish Cognate Rule 9
    Words that end in –ble in Spanish are usually the same in English
    Examples:
    Spanish English
    Audible Audible
    Terrible Terrible
    Destructible Destructible
    Horrible Horrible
    Flexible Flexible

    These words are ADJECTIVES

    Spanish Cognate Rule 10


    Words that end in –encia in Spanish change to –ence in English
    Examples:
    Spanish English
    Coincidencia Coincidence
    Competencia Competence
    Diferencia Difference
    Excelencia Excellence
    Inteligencia Intelligence

    These words are NOUNS

    Spanish Cognate Rule 11


    Words that end in –ido/a in Spanish change to –id in English
    Note: This rule does not apply to verbs in past participle.
    Examples:
    Spanish English
    Ácido Acid
    Fluido Fluid
    Rápido Rapid
    Sólido Solid
    Válido Valid

    These words are ADJECTIVES

    Spanish Cognate Rule 12


    Words that end in –mento in Spanish change to –ment in English
    Examples:
    Spanish English
    Argumento Argument
    Cemento Cement
    Departmento Department
    Documento Document
    Elemento Element

    These words are ADJECTIVES


    Spanish Cognate Rule 13
    Words that end in –idad in Spanish change to –ity in English

    Spanish English
    Responsabilidad Responsibility
    Habilidad Ability
    Equidad Equity
    Veracidad Veracity
    Deidad Deity

    These words are NOUNS

    Spanish Cognate Rule 14


    Words that end in –logía/gogía in Spanish change to –logy/gogy in English

    Spanish English
    Apología Apology
    Metodología Methodology
    Filología Filology
    Antropología Anthropology
    Pedagogía Pedagogy

    These words are NOUNS

    Spanish Cognate Rule 15


    Words that end in –ción in Spanish change to -tion in English

    Spanish English
    Adopción Adoption
    Moción Motion
    Concepción Conception
    Construcción Construction
    Alienación Alienation

    These words are NOUNS

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